This application claims priority under 35 USC 119 from Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-68467 filed Mar. 16, 2007.
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a non-contact signal transmission apparatus.
2. Related Art
Conventionally, both electric power and data are transmitted simultaneously by electromagnetic induction. However, due to the function of the electromagnetic induction, interference occasionally occurs between an electric power coil for transmitting electric power and a signal coil for transmitting data, which leads to a decrease in transmission reliability.
In this regard, a technique is proposed that suppresses the interference between the electric power coil and the data coil so as to heighten the transmission reliability.
A first aspect of the invention provides a non-contact signal transmission apparatus that transmits electric power and a signal in a non-contact manner via electromagnetic induction, the apparatus including: a pair of annular electric power cores provided in opposing relationship to each other; a pair of electric power coils respectively provided in an annular form in one of the pair of electric power cores; and a pair of signal coils respectively provided in an annular form inside one of the pair of electric power cores, wherein relative permeability inside and around the signal coils is lower than relative permeability of the electric power cores.
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail based on the following figures, in which:
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
A transmitting/receiving circuit 50 which transmits/receives data using an antenna 10 will be described with reference to
The transmitting/receiving circuit 50 includes a transmitting circuit 52 that transmits data and electric power and a receiving circuit 54 that receives data and electric power.
The antenna 10 is mounted at a position associated with the transmitting circuit 52 and the receiving circuit 54.
As shown in
The transmitting circuit 52 includes a data generating section 56 that generates data to be transmitted, and an encoding section 58 that encodes the data generated by the data generating section 56. The encoding section 58 transmits the encoded information to the transmission side core 12 mounted to the transmitting circuit 52.
Examples of data encoding by the encoding section 58 are described with reference to
In the NRZ encoding system, a state “1” of data is allocated to high voltage level, and a state “0” of data is allocated to low voltage level.
In the Manchester encoding system, a state “1” of data is allocated to transition from high voltage level to low voltage level. A state “0” of data is allocated to transition from low voltage level to high voltage level.
In the bi-phase encoding system, a state “1” of data is allocated to short-period transition to a voltage level higher than a standard level. A state “0” of data is allocated to short-period transition to a voltage level lower than the standard level.
Transmission using the Manchester encoding system or the bi-phase encoding system is more advantageous than transmission using the NRZ encoding system because noise resistance is high. However, transmission using the Manchester encoding system or the bi-phase encoding system requires a transmission clock two times as high as transmission using the NRZ encoding system.
The receiving circuit 54 includes: a high-pass filter 60 that removes a low-frequency noise component from the voltage value and takes out a high-frequency component of the voltage value; an automatic gain controller 62 that controls the level of the voltage value; a comparator 64 that determines a threshold of the level of the voltage value and digitizes the voltage value; a decoding section 66 that carries out decoding using a logic circuit; and an error check section 68 that checks errors of received data by parity check or check using a CRC system.
A voltage waveform (reception waveform) after the high-frequency component is taken out by the high-pass filter 60 is a differential form of the transmission waveform as shown in
When the automatic gain controller 62 controls the level of a voltage value to be input into the decoding section 66, the comparator 64 may not be provided.
An outline of opposing surfaces of the transmission side core 12 and the reception side core 14 is described below with reference to
Since the reception side core 14 has the same structure as that of the transmission side core 12, only the transmission side core 12 is described, and description of the reception side core 14 is omitted.
The transmission side core 12 includes: an annular electric power core 16 that is hollow at a center portion and formed with an inner annular groove; an electric power coil 18 that is formed by a conductive wire wound around in the inner annular groove of the electric power core 16 to transmit electric power; a data core 20 disposed at the center portion of the electric power core 16; and a data coil 22 that is formed by a conductive wire wound around on the data core 20 to transmit data.
The electric core 16 is made of a material having relative permeability of 100 to 1000 so as to achieve enhanced electric power transmission efficiency. In this exemplary embodiment, ferrite, which is a ferromagnetic material, is used as the material of the electric power core 16.
The data core 20 is configured such that that the relative permeability thereof is at least lower than the relative permeability of the electric power core 16. Thus, an interference of the electric power coil 18 with the data coil 22 can be suppressed. A ratio of the relative permeability of the data core 20 to the relative permeability of the electric power core 16 is desirably set so as to be less than 1/10. This setting enables the configuration of the circuit, to which the antenna 10 is applied, to be simplified, while at the same time decreasing the rate of occurrence of transmission error. In this exemplary embodiment, the data core 20 is made of a polymer system material, which is a low-permeability material.
It is possible that without the data core being provided, the data coil 22 may be provided on a base material of the center portion of the electric power core 16 by forming a conductive wire pattern by an etching process.
Next, a relationship between inductance of the coil and voltage waveform will be illustrated, and based on the relationship, a relationship between frequency of data signal and upper limit value of the inductance of the data coil 22 that enables a high reliability of data transmission will be illustrated.
As shown in
The coils act as a low-pass filter of LC. Thus, if the inductance of the coils increases, the high-frequency component attenuates.
As shown in
The coils used in the experiment are 24 mm in diameter and a single turn, and a medium inside and around the coils is 1 (unity) in relative permeability. The inductance of the coils is 50 nH, and the frequency of the data signal is 10 MHz. The distance between the opposed coils is substantially 0 mm.
As shown in
On the other hand, as shown in
A relationship between the frequency of the data signal and an upper limit value of the inductance of the coils for high-reliability transmission is derived from what is described above. The derived relationship is represented by the following formula (2).
L<L
max=50/f formula (2)
where
L: the inductance of the coils (unit: μH)
Lmax: the upper limit value of the inductance (unit: μH)
f: the frequency of the data signal (unit: MHz)
When the inductance is set according to the formula (2), data can be transmitted at a high speed and with high reliability.
Since the inductance and the relative permeability of the coils are proportional to each other, the range of the relative permeability of the one-turn coils having a diameter of 24 mm used in the experiment can be obtained. Table 1 shows an example of the relationship among the frequency of the data signal, the upper limit value of the inductance of the coils and the range of the optimal relative permeability.
The inductance of one-turn coils can be obtained by substituting numerical values in the following formula (3). According to the formula (3), the range of the optimal permeability of a coil of any size can be derived.
L=4πμrR(2.303 log10(16R/d)−a)×104 Formula (3)
where
L: the inductance of the coils (unit: μH)
R: radius of the coils (unit: mm)
d: diameter of conductive wire (unit: mm)
μr: relative permeability
a: constant
A modified example of the antenna 10 according to the exemplary embodiment is described below with reference to
In the modified example, a structure is used in which surfaces opposite to the facing surfaces of the transmission side core 12 and the reception side core 14 are covered on non-transmission side with a sheet 100 formed of a ferromagnetic material such as ferrite. The sheet 100 absorbs unwanted electromagnetic waves generated from the antenna 10 so as to suppress unwanted electromagnetic waves from being radiated to environment.
The sheet 100 is provided so as to cover at least the data coils 22. By so doing, it is at least possible to suppress radiation of electromagnetic waves having a high frequency from the data coil 22.
While the present invention has been illustrated and described with respect to a specific exemplary embodiment thereof, it is to be understood that the prevent invention is by no means limited thereto and encompasses all changes and modifications which will become possible within the scope of the appended claims.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2007-068467 | Mar 2007 | JP | national |