Non-impact printing apparatus

TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to an ink medium for use in a printing method forming visible images by employing magnetic attraction force generating means.
TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
Up to now, a printing method utilizing magnetic ink medium has been suggested as a small-sized and low cost non-impact type printing method. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 96541/77 describes a thermal transfer method wherein a magnetic attraction force acts on ink on a transfer medium corresponding to heat image by a magnetic means which is provided apart from a heat supply means. One of the ink media utilized in such method is described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 36596/84.
However, when the transfer medium described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 36596/84 is employed for the printing method described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 96541/77, ink is not transferred onto transfer paper sufficiently when magnetic force acts on the transfer medium to achieve transfer. This results in printing a broken line when a solid line is required, and normal letter form is not achieved when literal form is required.
This method is particularly disadvantageous and results in poor transfer which becomes more noticable when transfer paper having inferior surface smoothness is utilized.
Therefore, in order to solve the above disadvantages, the object of the present invention is to achieve high quality letter and image printing even on the transferred medium having inferior surface smoothness and to display completely the advantages of printing apparatus utilizing magnetic ink medium which conducts printing utilizing magnetic force.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The transfer medium of the present invention includes a magnetic ink layer 12 containing two types of magnetic particles different from each other in size, 21 and 22, formed on a support member 11 as shown in FIG. 1.
The magnetic ink layer is a thermoplastic material (generally, organic material) containing magnetic particles.
Substances having ferromagnetic properties, magnetic fine particles of metal or alloy such as .gamma.-Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, FeO-Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, Mn-Zn-Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, Ni-Zn-Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, are used as the magnetic fine particles. Such magnetic fine particles are in pulverized form under normal conditions.
Further, it is desirable to include two kinds of magnetic particles, one having a small particle size diameter of 0.01 to 1 .mu.m and the other large particle size greater than 1 to 50 .mu.m, in the magnetic ink layer. The mixing ratio of these particles is from 1:15 to 5:1.
Furthermore, the large particle size magnetic particles can be linearly shape. In this case, preferable ratio of the major axis to the minor axis is from 3:1 to 20:1.
In addition, the weight of magnetic particles contained in the magnetic ink layer is preferably from 5 to 70 wt % of the whole weight of the ink layer.
Such a transfer medium can be utilized not only for a printing apparatus wherein a transfer medium contacts a transferred medium at the printing portion at which transferring is carried out by fusing a magnetic ink layer and applying a magnetic field, but also in an apparatus wherein the transfer medium does not contact the transferred medium for printing.
Therefore, extremly high quality transferring can be carried out by mixing two types of magnetic particles having different particle size in the magnetic ink layer.
The reason is that although magnetic particles have larger magnetic force in proportion to the diameter thereof and have very strong attraction force in the magnetic field, when only large-sized magnetic particles are contained in the magnetic ink layer, only magnetic particles move and aggregate when the magnetic ink layer fuses and is transferred onto the transferred medium by the magnetic field. Thus, the thermoplastic resin layer in the magnetic ink layer is not transferred. As a result, only extremly small-sized dots can be formed and characters, pictures and the like can not be formed with continuous lines.
On the contrary, when only small-sized magnetic particles are included in the magnetic ink layer, although extremely small-sized magnetic particles are dispersed uniformly in the thermoplastic resin forming magnetic ink layer, namely such particles are superior in dispersion properties, inferior transferring occurs in the magnetic field due to the weakness of the magnetic force.
Therefore, when large-sized magnetic particles and small-sized magnetic particles are mixed, the latter follows the former as a core and both of them are transferred onto the transferred medium by the magnetic force in the magnetic field, resulting in improved transferring. In addition, since a sufficient amount of magnetic ink can be transferred, continuous lines consisting of letters or images can be achieved, resulting in printing of high transfer efficiency.
For a foundation to which the magnetic ink layer is attached, a material with high heat-resistance and high mechanical strength to some degree is desirable.
For example, a 1 to 30 .mu.m thick or more desirably, 2 to 5 .mu.m thick resin film, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyimide, polyethersulfone and polyethylene terephthalate, can be employed.
As thermoplastic resin containing magnetic particles, an organic material selecting from the group consisting of paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, carnauba wax, oxide wax, candelilla wax, montan wax, Ficher-Tropch-Wax, .alpha.-olefin/maleic anhydride copolymer, aliphatic amide, aliphatic ester, distearyl ketone, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, epoxy resin and vinyl-butyral or the mixture thereof are suitable.
In general, the transfer medium includes a magnetic ink layer adhered onto a supporting member. In the case of that the ink layer is formed by laminating on a sheet-type supporting member, a thermoplastic resin mixed with magnetic fine particles uniformly is coated on the supporting member, namely, referred to as hot-melt method. Alternatively after the dispersing density of thermoplastic resin mixed with magnetic fine particles is reduced with an organic solvent and is coated on the supporting member, such organic solvent is vaporized (namely, referred to as solvent method).
Further, it may be desirable to add a very small amount of dispersant to the magnetic ink layer in order to disperse the magnetic fine particles more uniformly. In this case, the amount of dispersant is 0.1 to 2 wt % of the whole weight of magnetic ink.
The dispersant is, for example, polyoxylene-nonyl-phenylether, naphthaline-sulfonic-acid-formaldehyde, di-octyl succinate-sulfonic acid sodium salt, surface-active-agent of polymer type like polycarboxylic acid, polyoxyethylene arkyl ether, polyoxypropylene, polyoxyethylene-brock-polymer, ester made from sorbitol and aliphatic acid, and ester made from aliphatic acid and plyoxyethylene glycol.
Furthermore, it is proper to color the ink by including dye, pigment and the like in the thermoplastic resin. For example, azo-series, anthraquinone-series, naphthoquinone-series, quinone-series, indigo-series, perylene-series, triphenylmethyl-series, acridine-series, diazo-series dyes are suitable for such dye, and phthalocyanine blue, benzine yellow, carmine 6B and like are suitable for such pigment. When these coloring materials, such as dye and pigment, are included in the thermoplastic resin, dots of various colors can be transferred by magnetic ink layer which is colored to be black, red, blue and the like.
In addition, it is also possible to print with the color which is the color of the magnetic fine particles itself or which has already been obtained by the magnetic fine particles previously colored by paint, dye, plating and the like, not adding colorant such as dye and pigment to the thermoplastic resin layer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Still other objects and advantages of the invention will in part be obvious and will in part be apparent from the specification.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a magnetic ink medium of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing the condition in which the magnetic ink medium of the present invention is employed in a non-impact type printing apparatus for printing.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
EXAMPLES
As shown in FIG. 1, a transfer medium including a foundation 11 and a magnetic ink layer 12 was made. A thermal head as a thermal energy generating means and a permanent magnet as a magnetic attraction force generating means were employed. Further, although there were two types of printing methods, such as impact type and non-impact type, non-impact type printing method was employed in the example. The example of non-impact type is described hereinafter. A thermal head (21), a transfer medium (22), transferred paper (23), a magnet 24 are provided in order as shown in FIG. 2. A magnetic ink layer (25) of transfer medium 22 did not contact paper 23 (at just under the head) while heat was applied from the surface of a foundation (26) thermal head 21 and thus the melted ink was transferred onto transferred paper 23 due to the magnetic attraction force.
Transfer medium 22 was formed by coating 6 .mu.m thick of magnetic ink 25 having the following composition on 4 .mu.m thick PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) film as a foundation (36), which has higher-temperature capability than usual by orientation of melted PET in two directions.
The components of magnetic ink layer 25 was as follows.
______________________________________1. Magnetic particle (FeO--Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3)size of particle 0.08 .mu.m 20 wt %(diameter) 0.5 .mu.m 20 wt %2. Carnauba wax 20 wt %3. Paraffin wax 30 wt %4. Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) 5 wt %5. Dispersant 1 wt % (polyoxylene nonyl phenyl ether)6. Dye (anthraquinone carbazole: black) 4 wt %______________________________________
In summary, spherical magnetic particles made of FeO-Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 having a diameter of 0.08 .mu.m and that having a diameter of 0.5 .mu.m were dispersed in thermoplastic resin made of organic resin mixed with carnauba wax, paraffin wax and EVA. In addition, a very small amount of dispersant was mixed therein so as that carnauba wax, paraffin wax and EVA were to be dispersed and mixed well. Further, said dye was contained therein.
The melting point of such magnetic ink was 70.degree. C. .+-.5.degree. C., and as shown in the apparatus of FIG. 2, thermal head generated heat to melt magnetic ink layer (25) of magnetic ink medium (22) which was disposed to be facing to magnet (24) which is a magnetic force generating means of magnetic ink medium. Thus, magnetic ink medium (22) and transferred paper 23 travelled between magnet (24) and thermal head (21).
In this case, thermal head (21) generated heat in accordance with a printing instruction signal which conducted printing of characters and images, so as to melt the magnetic ink layer in the predetermined position and the melted ink portion was transferred onto the transferred paper 23 by magnetic attraction force of magnet 24. In use of the magnetic ink medium, the transfer efficiency was superior even on a transferred paper having rough surface smoothness, and clear printing could be achieved without interruption of characters or lines when such should be continuous.
When transfer was carried out utilizing various kinds of transfer papers having inferior surface smoothness, the transfer efficiency was superior sufficiently.
The magnetic ink was estimated based on the transfer efficiency of the rate of dot reproductibility.
The transfer efficiency was expressed as the transfer area per a dot which was actually transferred onto the transferred medium as compared to the heat generating area per a dot formed on the thermal head. It was expressed by the formula: ##EQU1##
The dot reproducibility was expressed as the rate of the number of dots which were actually transferred onto the transferred medium as compared to the number of dots which were heated on the thermal head for forming characters and the like, in the case of forming characters and graphic images on the transferred medium with a plurality of dots. It was expressed by the formula:
Dot reproducibility (%)=(number of transferred dots/number of heated dots).times.100
Papers having inferior surface smoothness, such as 3, 10 and 30 seconds, were utilized as a transferred medium. In general, paper having superior surface smoothness is about 100 seconds and thus, the paper having 3 seconds surface smoothness belongs to the paper of inferior smoothness.
The estimation of printing quality was expressed as the sum of transfer efficiency and dot reproducibility utilizing a transferred medium with surface smoothness of 3 seconds.
The estimation of printing quality of 85 to 100% is extremely superior in printing quality (.circleincircle.), 75 to less than 85% is superior in printing quality (.largecircle.) and 50 to less than 75% is inferior in printing quality (.DELTA.), 0 to less than 50% is useless for printing (X).
The estimation of printing quality for transferred medium of Example 1 was .circleincircle.. (See Table 1)
EXAMPLE 2
The transfer medium was formed by the same apparatus of Example 1 and the same magnetic ink medium, except for the following components of the magnetic ink layer.
______________________________________1. Magnetic particle (Ni--Zn--Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3)size of particle 0.05 .mu.m 15 wt % 0.4 .mu.m 25 wt %2. Microcrystalline wax 40 wt %3. Carnauba wax 10 wt %4. EVA 5 wt %5. Dispersant (same as Example 1) 1 wt %6. Dyes (same as Example 1) 4 wt %______________________________________
The melting point of this magnetic ink was 65.degree. C. .+-.5.degree. C.
This transfer medium was also superior in both transfer efficiency and dot reproducibility, and the total estimation was .circleincircle.. (See Table 1)
Similarly, the same magnetic ink medium except for the components of the magnetic ink layer was formed and the test was conducted thereon with the same printing apparatus. The components of the magnetic ink layer is described hereunder.
EXAMPLE 3
Components of the magnetic ink layer
______________________________________1. Magnetic particlesize of particle(Ni--Zn--Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3) 0.05 .mu.m 15 wt %(FeO--Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3) 0.6 .eta.m 15 wt %2. Paraffin wax 50 wt %3. .alpha.-olefin/anhydride copolymer 10 wt %4. EEA (Ethylene-ethyl acrylate 5 wt %5. Dispersant (same as Example 1) 1 wt %6. Dyes (same as Example 1) 4 wt %______________________________________
The melting point of the magnetic ink layer was 65.degree. C. .+-.5.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 4
Components of the magnetic ink layer
______________________________________1. Magnetic particle (FeO--Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3)Diameter 0.02 .mu.m 10 wt % 0.01 .mu.m 20 wt % 0.7 .mu.m 10 wt %2. Paraffin wax 40 wt %3. Carnauba wax 10 wt %4. EVA 5 wt %5. Dispersant (same as Example 1) 1 wt %6. Dyes (same as Example 1) 4 wt %______________________________________
The melting point of printing quality of the magnetic ink layer was 70.degree. C. .+-.5.degree. C. The total estimations of transfer mediums shown in Examples 3 and 4 were .circleincircle.. Further, three kinds of magnetic particles different from each other in diameter were employed in Example 4.
The estimation of printing quality of the transfer media of Examples 3 and 4 were conducted in the same manner are shown in Table 1. The Examples are described in accordance with Table 1. Examples and Comparative Examples shown in Table 1 indicate the results of tests employing the same printing apparatus of Example 1. Further, the dispersant and dyes shown in Table 1 were same as those of Example 1.
In Example 5, the mixing ratio of magnetic grain was 5 wt % on the basis of the magnetic ink layer, and the sum of transfer efficiency and dots reproducibility was slightly inferior (.largecircle.).
In Example 6, the mixing ratio of magnetic grain was 3 wt %, and the estimation of printing was more inferior (.DELTA.).
Example 7 is an example showing an increase in the amount of magnetic particles to 70 wt %. The total estimation of printing quality was superior (.largecircle.).
Example 8 is an example to increase the amount to 85 wt %. The total estimation was inferior (.DELTA.).
Therefore, it was noted that 5 to 70 wt % of the magnetic particles was desirable.
In Example 9, 2 wt % of large magnetic particles and 28 wt % of small magnetic particles were mixed. Namely, the mixing ratio was 1:14 (approximately 1:15). The total estimation of printing quality was superior (.largecircle.).
In Example 10, the mixing ratio was 1:25 (1 wt %: 25 wt %) and the estimation of printing was inferior (.DELTA.).
Further, as shown in Example 11, when the mixing ratio of large magnetic particles was larger than that of small magnetic particles, 5:1 (25 wt %: 5 wt %), the estimation of printing quality was superior (.largecircle.).
Accordingly, 1:15 to 5:1 mixing ratio of large magnetic particles to small magnetic particles is suitable.
In Example 12, the diameter of large magnetic particles was 50 .mu.m and total estimation of printing quality was superior (.largecircle.).
In Example 13, the diameter of small magnetic grain was minimized to be 0.01 .mu.m and the total estimation of printing was superior (.largecircle.).
Then, when the diameter of large magnetic grain was maximized to be 100 .mu.m such as in Example 14, the total estimation of printing was inferior (.DELTA.).
Therefore, the diameter of large magnetic particles of above about 1 to 50 .mu.m and that of small magnetic particles of about 0.01 to 1.0 .mu.m are suitable.
In the next series of Examples linear magnetic particles were utilized as large magnetic particles in Examples 15 to 20.
In Examples 15 to 18, cylindrical magnetic particles having a minor axis of 0.1.mu. and a major axis of 1 .mu.m were utilized.
EXAMPLE 18
A test of printing was conducted with the same printing apparatus of Example 1.
The components of magnetic ink layer was as follows.
______________________________________1. Magnetic fine particle 30 wt % (FeO--Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3)Needle-like fine particle: (25 wt %)FeO--Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3major axis 1.mu.minor axis 0.2.mu.Sphere fine particle: (5 wt %)FeO--Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3diameter .phi. 0.5.mu.2. Micro particle wax (158.degree. F.) 34 wt %3. Carnuba wax 24 wt %4. Ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer 8 wt % (VA-19%, MI-400)5. Dyes (same as Example 1) 3.9 wt %6. Dispersant (same as Example 1) 0.1 wt %______________________________________
In the printing with such magnetic ink medium, transfer efficiency and dot reproducibility were excellent and the total estimation of printing quality was extremely superior (.circleincircle.).
In Example 16, the whole mixing ratio of magnetic particles was same as Example 15, and the mixing ratio of large (long) magnetic particles to spherical small magnetic particles was changed. The estimation of printing was extremely superior (.circleincircle.).
In Examples 17 and 18, the mixing ratio of magnetic particles was increased and the mixing ratio of large (long) magnetic particles to small magnetic particles was changed, resulting in the total estimation of printing quality of extremely superior (.circleincircle.).
In Example 19, the ratio of the major axis cylindrical magnetic particles to the mirror axis was reduced to 3:1, and the total estimation of printing quality deteriorated a little, to superior (.largecircle.).
Further, when the ratio of major axis to minor axis was increased to be 20:1 such as in Example 20, the total estimation also deteriorated a little, to superior (.largecircle.).
Therefore, when linear magnetic particles are utilized as large magnetic particles the suitable ratio of the major axis to the minor axis is within the range between 3:1 and 20:1.
As shown in Examples 21 to 24, when the magnetic ink layer of a thickness of 3 to 15.mu. and the foundation with a thickness of 2 to 15.mu. were utilized as the transfer medium of Example 1, excellent printing could be carried out as extremely superior (.circleincircle.).
The following comparative tests were conducted to make sure of the effects of the invention. In Comparative tests 1 and 2 which correspond to Example 1, it was noted that both the transfer efficiency and dot reproducibility were much deteriorated (X) by utilizing only one size of magnetic particles.
Further, Comparative tests 3 to 6 show the results of utilizing cylindrical magnetic particles as large magnetic particles only cylindrical magnetic particles, and only magnetic particles with small diameter. The estimation of printing quality was inferior (X) in either case.
In each example and Comparative Example shown in Table 1, the same dyes and dispersant of Example 1 were utilized. In Table 1, ".phi.=x" means that the diameter of nearly spherical magnetic particles is x.
Further, in Example 1, when large and small cubic magnetic particles in which the longest distance between sides was to be the same as the diameter of magnetic particles shown in Table 1 were utilized instead of spherical ones, both the transfer efficiency and dot reproducibility were same as those in Example 1.
Furthermore, when large and small ragular tetrahedrons in which the longest distance was to be the same as the diameter were utilized, the result was same as that of Example 1.
When phthalocyanine blue and benzidine yellow were utilized instead of above dyes, the result was same as that of Example 1.
In Examples 1, 2, 19 and 20, when a compound of condensation between naphthalene sulfonic acid and formaldehyde and dioctyl succinate-sulfonic acid sodium salt were utilized as dispersant instead of polyoxylene-nonyl-phenyl-ether, the result was same as shown in Table 1.
Further, when the amount of dyes was substituted for microcrystalline wax in Example 2, the result was the same as Example 2.
In Examples 15 and 17, when the transfer medium included magnetic ink without dyes, the same transfer efficiency and dot reproducibility as in Examples 15 and 17 could be obtained. In these cases, the color of the transferred dots was mainly the color of the magnetic grain itself (black).
When a test was conducted with the transfer medium of the magnetic ink without dyes in the other Examples and Comparative examples of Table 1 (other conditions were the same), the same transfer efficiency and dot reproducibility could be obtained. The color of the transferred dots was that of the magnetic particles itself (black).
Further, in Examples 1, 2, 15 and 16, when the transfer medium was disposed to be in contact with the transferred medium, the transfer efficiency and dot reproducibility were deteriorated by 2% as compared with each result, however an excellent printing could be carried out.
Transfer Dot Transfer Medium Efficiency (%) Reproducibility (%) Magnetic Ink Layer Foundation Smoothness of Transferred Thick- Kind of Thick- Medium (seconds) Total Magnetic Particles Components of Magnetic Particles Thermoplastic Resin ness Foundation ness 3 10 30 3 10 30 Estimation Example 1 FeO--Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 .phi. = 0.5 .mu.m (20 wt %) Carnauba Wax (20 wt %) 6 .mu.m Poly- 4 .mu.m 88 90 96 100 100 100 .circleincircle. 40 wt % .phi. = 0.08 .mu.m (20 wt %) Paraffin Wax (20 wt %) ethylene Total 40 wt % EVA (5 wt %) terephthalate Dispersant (1 wt %) Dye (4 wt %) Total 60 wt % 2 Ni--Zn--Fe.sub. 2 O.sub.3 .phi. = 0.4 .mu.m (25 wt %) Microcrystalline Wax (40 wt %) The The same as The 90 95 98 100 100 100 .circleincircle. 40 wt % .phi. = 0.05 .mu.m (15 wt %) Carnauba Wax (10 wt %) same as the above same Total 40 wt % Dispersant (1 wt %), the as the EVA (5 wt %) above above Dye (4 wt %) Total 60 wt % 3 Ni--Zn--Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 .phi. = 0.6 .mu.m (15 wt %) Paraffin Wax (50 wt %) The The same as The87 90 94 100 100 100 .circleincircle. FeO--Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 .phi. = 0.05 .mu.m (15 wt %) .alpha. olefin/anhydride Copolymer (10 wt %) same as the above same each 15 wt % Total 30 wt % EEA (5 wt %) the as the Total 30 wt % Dispersant (1 wt %) above above Dye (4 wt %) Total 70 wt % 4 FeO-- Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 .phi. = 0.7 .mu.m (10 wt %) Paraffin Wax (40 wt %) The The same as The 94 98 98 100 100 100 .circleincircle. 40 wt % .phi. = 0.02 .mu.m (10 wt %) Carnauba Wax (10 wt %) same as the above same .phi. = 0.01 .mu.m (20 wt %) EVA (5 wt %) the as the Total 40 wt % Dispersant (1 wt %) above above Dye (4 wt %) Total 60 wt % 5 The same as the above .phi. = 0.5 .mu.m (2.5 wt %) Carnauba Wax (25 wt %) The The same as The 75 78 82 88 86 89 .largecircle. 5 wt % .phi. = 0.08 .mu.m (2.5 wt %) Paraffin Wax (60 wt %) same as the above same Total 5 wt % EVA (5 wt %) the as the Dispersant (1 wt %) above above Dye (4 wt %) Total 95 wt % 6 The same as the above .phi. = 0.5 .mu.m (2.5 wt %) Carnauba Wax (25 wt %) The The same as The 71 74 77 81 83 85 .DELTA. 3 wt % .phi. = 0.08 .mu.m (0.5 wt %) Paraffin Wax (62 wt %) same as the above same Total 3 wt % EVA (5 wt %) the as the Dispersant (1 wt %) above above Dye (4 wt %) Total 97 wt % 7 The same as the above .phi. = 0.5 .mu.m (35 wt %) Carnauba Wax (10 wt %) The The same as The 75 78 79 79 83 84 .largecircle. 70 wt % .phi. = 0.08 .mu.m (35 wt %) Paraffin Wax (10 wt %) same as the above same Total 70 wt % EVA (5 wt %) the as the Dispersant (1 wt %) above above Dye (4 wt %) Total 30 wt % 8 The same as the above .phi. = 0.5 .mu.m (40 wt %) Carnauba Wax (2.5 wt %) The The same as The 62 66 72 76 81 84 .DELTA. 85 wt % .phi. = 0.08 .mu.m (45 wt %) Paraffin Wax (2.5 wt %) same as the above same Total 85 wt % EVA (5 wt %) the as the Dispersant (1 wt %) above above Dye (4 wt %) Total 15 wt % 9 FeO--Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 .phi. = 0.5 .mu.m (2 wt %) Carnauba Wax (30 wt %) 6 .mu.m Poly- 4 .mu.m 84 88 92 100 100 100 .largecircle. 30 wt % .phi. = 0.08 .mu.m (28 wt %) Paraffin Wax (30 wt %) ethylene Total 30 wt % EVA (5 wt %) terephthla te Dispersant (1 wt %) Dye (4 wt %) Total 70 wt % 10 The same as the above .phi. = 0.5 .mu.m (1 wt %) The same as the above The The same as The 74 80 89 95 100 100 .DELTA. 30 wt % .phi. = 0.08 .mu.m (29 wt %) Total 70 wt % same as the above same as Total 30 wt % the the above above 11 The same as the above .phi. = 0.5 .mu.m (25 wt %) The same as the above The The same as The 81 84 88 100 100 100 .largecircle. 30 wt % .phi. = 0.08 .mu.m (5 wt %) Total 70 wt % same as the above same as Total 30 wt % the the above above 12 The same as the above .phi. = 50 .mu.m (15 wt %) The same as the above The The same as The 75 77 79 80 82 85 .largecircle. 30 wt % .phi. = 1 .mu.m (15 wt %) Total 70 wt % same as the above same as Total 30 wt % the the above above 13 The same as the above .phi. = 0.1 .mu.m (15 wt %) The same as the above The The same as The 75 77 82 84 83 86 .largecircle. 30 wt % .phi. = 0.01 .mu.m (15 wt %) Total 70 wt % same as the above same as Total 30 wt % the the above above 14 The same as the above .phi. = 100 .mu.m (15 wt %) Carnauba Wax (30 wt %) The The same as The 66 69 72 76 77 80 .DELTA. 30 wt % .phi. = 1 .mu.m (15 wt %) Paraffin Wax (30 wt %) same as the above same as Total 30 wt % EVA (5 wt %) the the Dispersant (1 wt %) above above Dye (4 wt %) Total 70 wt % 15 The same as the above 0.1.mu..phi. .times. 1.mu. (25 wt %) Microcrystalline Wax (34 wt %) 10 .mu.m The same as the 91 94 96 100 100 100 .circleincircle. 30 wt % .phi. = 0.5.mu. (5 wt %) Carnauba Wax (24 wt %) the above same as Total 30 wt % Ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (8 wt %) the Dispersant (0.1 wt %) above Dye (3.9 wt %) Total 70 wt % 16 The same as the above 0.1.mu..phi. .times. 1.mu. (15 wt %) The same as the above The The same as The 90 93 95 100 100 100 .circleincircle. 30 wt % .phi. = 0.5.mu. (15 wt %) Total 70 wt % same as the above same as Total 30 wt % the the above above 17 FeO--Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.1.mu..phi. .times. 1.mu. (5 wt %) Paraffin Wax (20 wt %) 10 .mu.m Poly- 4 .mu.m 86 91 94 100 100 100 .circleincircle. 60 wt % .phi. = 0.5.mu. (55 wt %) Carnauba Wax (10 wt %) ethylene Total 60 wt % Ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (6 wt %) terephthalate Dye (3.9 wt %) Dispersant (0.1 wt %) Total 40 wt % 18 The same as the above 0.1.mu..phi. .times. 1.mu. (10 wt %) The same as the above The The same as The 91 94 96 100 100 100 .circleincircle. 60 wt % .phi. = 0.5.mu. (50 wt %) Total 40 wt % same as the above same as Total 60 wt % the the above above 19 The same as the above 1.mu..phi. .times. 3.mu. (25 wt %) The same as Example 15 The The same as The 75 78 82 82 86 86 .largecircle. 30 wt % .phi. = 0.5.mu. (5 wt %) Total 70 wt % same as the above same as Total 30 wt % the the above above 20 The same as the above 1.mu..phi. .times. 20.mu. (25 wt %) The same as the above The The same as The 76 79 86 76 79 82 .largecircle. 30 wt % .phi. = 0.5.mu. (5 wt %) Total 70 wt % same as the above same as Total 30 wt % the the above above 21 The same as The same as Example 1 The same as Example 1 3 .mu.m The same as 4 .mu.m 88 94 96 100 100 100 .circleincircle. Example 1 Total 40 wt % Total 60 wt % the above 22 The same as the above The same as the above The same as the above 15 .mu.m The same as The 91 93 97 100 100 100 .circleincircle. Total 40 wt % Total 60 wt % the above same as the above 23 The same as the above The same as the above The same as the above 6 .mu.m The same as 2 .mu.m 89 92 94 100 100 100 .circleincircle. Total 40 wt % Total 60 wt % the above 24 The same as the above The same as the above The same as the above The The same as 15 .mu.m 92 95 98 100 100 100 .circleincircle. Total 40 wt % Total 60 wt % same as the above the above Comparative Example 1 FeO--Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 .phi. = 0.08 .mu.m only Paraffin Wax (40 wt %) 6 .mu.m The Same The 19 20 22 24 30 34 x 40 wt % Carnauba Wax (10 wt %) as same as EVA (5 wt %) Example 1 the Dispersant (1 wt %) left Dye (40 wt %) Total 60 wt % 2 The same as the above .phi. = 0.5 .mu.m only The same as the above The The same as The 40 45 47 71 75 79 x 40 wt % Total 60 wt % same as the above same as the the above left 3 The same as the above Only spherical ones Microcrystalline Wax (40 wt %) 10 .mu.m The Same as The 23 29 34 61 64 63 x 24 wt % (.phi. = 0.5 .mu.m) Carnuba Wax (24 wt %) Example 15 same as Dispersant (0.1 wt %), the EVA (8 wt %) left Dye (3.9 wt %) Total 76 wt % 4 The same as the above Only cylindrical ones The same as the above The The same as The 33 36 39 66 67 69 x 24 wt % (2 .mu.m .times. 0.2 .mu.m) Total 76 wt % same as the above same as the the above left 5 The same as the above Only spherical ones Paraffin Wax (20 wt %) The The Same as The 42 44 46 71 70 73 x 60 wt % (.phi. = 0.2 .mu.m) Carnauba Wax (10 wt %) same as Example 17 same as EVA (6 wt %) the the Dispersant (0.1 wt %) above left Dye (3.9 wt %) Total 40 wt % 6 The same as the above Only cylindrical ones The same as the above The The same as The 39 42 46 61 63 65 x 60 wt % (1 .mu.m .times. 0.1 .mu.m) Total 40 wt % same as the above same as the the above left

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