Patent Application
20250027757
The present invention relates generally to diversionary devices for aggressors and more particularly to a non-lethal bursting diversionary device designed to be launched towards an aggressive person such as a shooter.
A school shooting is an incident in which an aggressor or shooter commonly armed with a gun or any other ammunition enters an educational establishment, encompassing primary schools, secondary schools, high schools, or universities. The aggressor often has the aim of inflicting harm and potentially ending the lives of students, educators, and other individuals present. In scenarios of a shooting, teachers and other administrators try to evacuate the school or move everyone to a safe location. However, hiding is not effective enough as shooters can unfortunately force their way through locked doors and cause harm to innocent people. Currently, teachers and students are instructed to throw pencils and books at a shooter or get under a desk or behind a door. However, these conventional safety methods and devices are not effective and may also impact the students psychologically.
Similarly, home invasions across the country are often reported to be on the rise, which are unfortunately troubling and dangerous to persons who are home at the time of the intrusion.
Additional crimes such as domestic violence are not only unfortunate and hurtful to victims but also difficult for police and other authorities working to restore the peace and arrest the offending criminals.
Most of the safety devices developed for protection of people from shooting are defensive devices. For example, bullet proof book bags or large bullet proof white boards are developed for protection. However, such devices do not deter, disorient, and potentially disarm a shooter. People and the public at large not only desire but also need a protective device that can function as a non-lethal offensive device that effectively deters shooters from inflicting harm to people during unfortunate shootings.
None of the existing defensive devices or safety solutions provide an effective way of deterring and disorienting the shooters in order to effectively save the lives of students and to give more time to teachers to help protect the students. Similarly, none of the existing police devices or systems provide an effective and sufficiently safe manner of deterring and disorienting the criminals intended to be arrested.
A need exists for a lightweight, easy to launch and effective diversionary device that can be used by teachers and administrators of educational institutions as an offensive device to launch at a shooter to deter, delay, and potentially disarm the shooter.
A need also exists for a lightweight, safe and effective diversionary device that can be used by police officers and other authorities as an offensive device to launch at an intended criminal from a safe distance in order to deter, disorient, disarm, and arrest the intended criminal.
While some conventional diversionary devices may be partly suitable for trained professionals of military and law enforcement agencies, they are not as safe and effective as the devices and methods disclosed herein, and such existing law enforcement or military devices are not suitable for purposes of implementation by teachers or home dwellers due to their costs, inherent dangers, and complexities. None of the existing conventional safety devices disclose the unique structures and advantages of the present disclosure. The devices disclosed herein avoid many of the drawbacks of existing devices.
Accordingly, there is a need for a non-lethal diversionary device that can be launched at an aggressor to create a visually and physically distracting effect for the aggressor.
There is a need for a non-lethal diversionary device that can be used at a safe distance to disorient and divert the attention of an aggressor, to delay or otherwise mitigate the intended harmful activities of the aggressor.
It is one prospect of the present invention to provide a novel non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device of simple but effective construction for providing a diversion and deterrent to an aggressor.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a portable offensive device that can be launched at a target aggressor to provide a non-lethal distractive and disorienting effect upon an aggressor, to enhance the safety of the teachers and the students.
Yet another object of the disclosed invention is to provide a non-lethal offensive projectile device to deter, disorient, and potentially disarm a shooter or home invader.
Another object of the disclosed invention is to provide safe and efficient devices for law enforcement to deter, disorient, and arrest offending criminals, in their effort to reestablish peace and order.
As disclosed in this application, the inventor has discovered novel and unique devices and methods that are non-lethal in nature and can be used in any educational institute for protecting students from shooters as well as used in any home or business to aid in the protection of the occupants or customers by deterring activities of aggressors, where such disclosed novel and unique devices and methods exhibit superlative properties without being dependent on dangerous, expensive, or complex components.
As disclosed in this application, the inventor has discovered novel and unique devices and methods that are non-lethal in nature and can be used by any law enforcement agencies in their detention and arrest of offending criminals, where such disclosed novel and unique devices and methods exhibit enhanced safety measures for officers without being dependent on heavy, immobile, expensive, or complex components.
Embodiments of the present invention provide for non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary devices, systems, and methods as described and defined in the description below and in the annexed claims which provide for the improved safety of students and teachers during a shooting by deterring and disorienting a shooter, which provide for improved safety of home occupants and businesses against aggressors, and which provide for improved safety measures for officers tasked with deterring harmful activities of criminals and restoring peace and order.
The following presents a simplified summary of the present disclosure in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented herein.
Therefore, in accordance with embodiments of the invention, there is herein provided and disclosed non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary devices that are designed and configured to be safely used as an offensive device in order to deter, disorient, and potentially disarm an aggressor, such as a shooter or other criminal at a school, home, or public area. In accordance with embodiments of the invention, there is herein provided and disclosed non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary devices that are designed and configured to better facilitate law enforcement's detainment and arrest of offending criminals. The provided diversionary devices are propelled using an air propelled launcher and include non-lethal compositions which are expelled out from the diversionary device to plume around and disorient the target aggressor or criminal.
In a preferred embodiment, one bursting projectile diversionary device includes a frangible outer cylindrical wall which has an inner cavity. The outer cylindrical wall extends between a proximal end and a distal end. The inner cavity is filled with a non-lethal composition.
The composition preferably includes 30%-50% by weight dense fly ash, 30%-50% by weight light fly ash, 10%-30% by weight glass beads, and 0%-4% by weight glitter. In one embodiment, the composition does not include any glitter. In a preferred embodiment, the composition includes 0.15%-4% by weight glitter, and in a most preferred embodiment, the composition includes 0.25% by weight glitter.
An ogival nose is disposed at the distal end and is designed to withstand the forces applied when the device is projected from an air-pressured (air propellent) launcher. The composition plume around the target aggressor upon release when the device impacts with the target aggressor.
In a preferred embodiment, the frangible outer cylindrical wall includes a first layer wound in a first direction. The first layer has a first frangible spiral seam.
In a preferred embodiment, the frangible outer cylindrical wall includes a second layer wound in a second direction opposite to the first direction. The second layer has a second frangible spiral seam.
In a preferred embodiment, propellent air from the air propelled launcher drives the composition forwards towards the distal end to cause the composition to be expelled through the first frangible spiral seam and the second frangible spiral seam to form a plume around the device after a launch or ejection of the device from the launcher.
In one embodiment, the ogival nose is constructed of a contusion-forming material. In a preferred embodiment, the contusion-forming material is selected from a group consisting of rubber and plastic.
According to other embodiments of the invention, there is disclosed herein a bursting projectile diversionary device comprising a housing having a frangible outer cylindrical wall that defines an inner cavity, which extends from a proximal end of the housing to a distal end of the housing. The bursting projectile diversionary device includes an ogival nose that is disposed at the distal end of the housing. The ogival nose comprises a contusion-forming material that is adapted to withstand pressurized forces applied thereto upon a projection of the device from a barrel of an air-pressured launcher. The composition is adapted to form a plume in the air of an area surrounding a target upon an impact of the ogival nose with an object in said area surrounding the target or upon an impact of the frangible outer cylindrical wall with an object in the area surrounding the target.
The bursting projectile diversionary device includes a composition removably disposed inside of the inner cavity. The composition preferably includes 60%-70% by weight bed ash, 40%-50% by weight glass oxide, and 0.15-2% by weight glitter. In one embodiment, the composition includes zero percent (0%) glitter, meaning that no glitter is included in the composition of such embodiment of the bursting projectile diversionary device. In a preferred embodiment, the composition is non-toxic and non-inflammatory.
In a preferred embodiment, the bursting projectile diversionary device includes an ogival nose that is disposed at the distal end of the housing, and the ogival nose comprises a contusion-forming material that is adapted to withstand pressurized forces applied thereto, such as, upon a projection of the device from a barrel of an air-pressured launcher. The composition is adapted to form a plume in the air of an area surrounding a target upon an impact of the ogival nose with an object in the area surrounding the target.
The frangible outer cylindrical wall preferably comprises a first layer wound in a first direction, which extends from the proximal end to the distal end, and the first layer has a first frangible spiral seam. In a preferred embodiment, the frangible outer cylindrical wall comprises a second layer that is wound in a second direction, which extends from the distal end to the proximal end, and the second layer has a second frangible spiral seam. In such preferred embodiment, during a projection or ejection of the device by an air-pressured launcher, the propellent air of the air-pressured launcher drives the composition forwards (meaning, toward the distal end of the device) which builds up pressure and causes the composition to be expelled through the first frangible spiral seam and the second frangible spiral seam of the frangible outer cylindrical wall, and such expelled composition forms plume around the device as it travels through the air after such projection of ejection of the device from the launcher.
In another embodiment, the composition includes 60%-70% bed ash, 40%-50% glass oxide and 0%-2% by weight glitter.
In a preferred embodiment, the device preferably has a diameter in a range from about 1.25 inches to about 2 inches.
In another embodiment, the device has a length in a range from approximately 10 inches to approximately 14 inches. In a preferred embodiment, the device has a total length of 12 inches.
In a preferred embodiment, the composition includes 30%-50% by weight dense fly ash, 30%-50% by weight light fly ash, 30%-50% by weight glass beads, and 0%-2% by weight glitter.
According to embodiments of the invention, there is disclosed herein a composition for a bursting projectile device, and the composition comprises 30%-50% by weight dense fly ash; 30%-50% by weight light fly ash; and 10%-30% by weight glass beads. In one embodiment, the composition further comprises 2%-4% by weight glitter. In another embodiment, the composition for the bursting projectile device further comprises 0.15%-0.35% by weight glitter. In a preferred embodiment, the composition for the bursting projectile device comprises 0.25% by weight glitter.
These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following description and appended claims.
Illustrative embodiments of the present invention are described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
For a further understanding of the nature and function of the embodiments, reference should be made to the following detailed description. Detailed descriptions of the embodiments are provided herein, as well as, the best mode of carrying out and employing the present invention. It will be readily appreciated that the embodiments are well adapted to carry out and obtain the ends and features mentioned as well as those inherent herein. It is to be understood, however, that the present invention may be embodied in various forms.
Therefore, persons of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the following disclosure is illustrative only and not in any way limiting, as the specific details disclosed herein provide a basis for the claims and a representative basis for teaching to employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed system, structure or manner. It should be understood that the devices, materials, methods, procedures, and techniques described herein are presently representative of various embodiments. Other embodiments of the disclosure will readily suggest themselves to such skilled persons having the benefit of this disclosure.
As used herein, “axis” means a real or imaginary straight line about which a three-dimensional body is symmetrical. A “vertical axis” means an axis perpendicular to the ground (or put another way, an axis extending upwardly and downwardly). A “horizontal axis” means an axis parallel to the ground.
As used herein, homogeneous is defined as the same in all locations, and a homogeneous material is a material of uniform composition throughout that cannot be mechanically separated into different materials. Examples of “homogeneous materials” are certain types of plastics, ceramics, glass, metals, alloys, paper, board, resins, high-density polyethylene and rubber.
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numerals are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts.
Referring initially to
As illustrated in
In a preferred embodiment, the proximal end 108 of the housing 102 is preferably sealed by a sealing material 138, which is preferably wax 138, and the composition 124 is removably disposed inside the inner cavity 106. In another embodiment, the proximal end 108 includes resin as the sealing material 138. In yet another embodiment, the proximal end 108 includes a rubber cap as the sealing material 138.
In one embodiment, the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 includes an ogival nose 112 that is integrated with the distal end 110 of the housing 102. In such embodiment, the ogival nose 112 and the frangible outer cylindrical wall 104 of the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 is of unitary construction, such that the ogival nose 112 and the frangible outer cylindrical wall 104 is a single piece of a homogenous material, formed from a material selected from a group consisting of plastic, resin, high density polyethylene, and rubber.
Referring to
The non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 is preferably launched using an air-pressured launcher 114, as illustrated in
Referring to
In one embodiment, the housing 102 of the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 has a diameter in a range of about 1.25 inches to about 2 inches. In a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the housing 102 is 1.5 inches.
In one embodiment, the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 has a total length L1 in a range from about 10 inches to about 14 inches in total length L1, as exemplified in
The ogival nose 112 has a length L2 that preferably ranges from about 4% to about 6% of the total length L1 of the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100, which includes the length L3 of the frangible outer cylindrical wall 104 and the length L2 of the ogival nose 112, as illustrated in
The non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 has a weight of approximately 10 ounces to 14 ounces. In a preferred embodiment, the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 has a weight of 12 ounces.
Referring to
The first layer 116 extends from the proximal end 108 to the distal end 110 of the housing 102.
In a preferred embodiment, the first layer 116 includes a first frangible spiral seam 118 which provides a spiral or helical pattern to the first layer 116. The first frangible spiral seam 118 is adapted to break open upon a launch of the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 from a barrel (e.g., 128 or 130) of a launcher 114 (
Referring to
The second layer 120 of the frangible outer cylindrical wall 104 is preferably disposed inside of the first layer 116, as shown in the cross-section SECTION-AA′ of
The second layer preferably extends from the proximal end 108 (
As exemplified in
Upon the launch of the device 100 from a launcher, such as the launcher 114 exemplified in
In a preferred embodiment, the inner cavity 106 is filled with a composition 124 that is configured to be dispersed into air, and the composition 124 preferably includes dense fly ash, light fly ash, glass beads and glitter. As used herein, the word glitter means small shiny particles of a material, preferably in the form of tiny flakes.
In one embodiment, the glitter comprises small plastic particles of 5 millimeters or less.
In another embodiment, the glitter comprises the tiniest flakes, averaging 0.002 inch (0.0508 mm) wide, which are like those found in cosmetics. In such embodiment with the tiniest flakes, persons can see the reflected light with the naked eye but not necessarily the individual flakes, due to their small sizes.
In yet another embodiment, the glitter comprises small shiny particles in the form of tiny flakes up to 0.25 inch (6.35 mm) wide. In such embodiment, the shape, color, and surface reflections of the glitter are easily observable with the naked eye. Hexagons and squares are preferred shapes for such glitter, and in other embodiments, hearts, diamonds, and stars are the shapes for such glitter.
In one embodiment, the glitter is made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which is the same plastic used in water bottles. In another embodiment, the glitter is made from plastic and aluminum, and preferably, a thin layer of aluminum is applied to the plastic to make it reflective and give it its color, through a process called metallization.
In a preferred embodiment, when the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 is launched from a launcher 114 (e.g., in the direction of a target aggressor 134), at the option of the user, the composition 124 is adapted to be expelled through the first frangible spiral seam 118 and through the second frangible spiral seam 122 of the housing 102, which forms a plume 136 in the air surrounding the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 while in flight, after the launch or ejection or projection (used interchangeably herein) of the device 100 from the barrel 130 of the launcher 114, as illustrated in
In such manner, embodiments of the invention can very effectively distract and disorient a shooter 134, diverting the attention of the shooter 134, which thereby deters or delays the shooter 134 (i.e., the aggressor 134) from further harmful activities against others, thereby aiding in the protection of the lives of victims.
The ogival nose 112 is designed to withstand the forces that are applied when the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 is projected (i.e., ejected or launched) from the air-pressured launcher 114, and the composition 124 is expelled from the seams 118,122. When the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 hits 200 or impacts 200 the target aggressor 134, or hits or impacts 200 an object 134 in the area near the aggressor 134, the ogival nose 112 bursts upon such impact, which expels 136 a portion (or additional portions) of the composition 124 out of the housing 102, further creating a plume 136 of the composition 124 in the air surrounding the target 134. In other words, the device 100 is designed to burst upon impact 200, and composition 124 plumes 136 into the air of the surrounding area upon such bursting of the device 100.
Referring now to
In one embodiment, the invention includes the launcher 114 and further includes the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 removably disposed inside of the barrel 130 of the launcher 114, such as the barrel 128 or the barrel 130 illustrated in
In some embodiments, the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 can be reused for multiple launches, meaning, at different times. For instance, after a first launch, where an outer cylindrical wall of the housing 102 is fabricated with durable materials, such housing 102 could be refilled with the composition 124, and the housing 102 could be resealed 138 at the proximal end thereof, such that the device 100 would be ready to be relaunched from the launcher a second time, for example.
As disclosed herein, in a preferred embodiment, the launcher 114 does not require the use of gunpowder or other volatile combustible propellants; and therefore, the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 is safe to be used in nearly any environment, including, for example, public places, parks, schools, bars, music venues, and theaters, among other places frequented by the public. For example, the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 could be safely and effectively used by a small business owner to help deter a robbery of the owner's store, without need for any firearms on the premises. The non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 is also safe to be used by homeowner to thwart an invasion of the user's home by an intruder.
In a preferred embodiment, the launcher 114 includes two barrels 128,130 for accommodating two non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary devices 100 to be respectively launched toward a target aggressor 134. A trigger 132 is used for launching the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 while the launcher 114 is pointed towards the aggressor 134 in a manner that is similar to a conventional firing device.
Unlike conventional deterrent devices, the disclosed invention herein is easy to launch and is an especially effective diversionary device that can be used by teachers and administrators of educational institutions as an offensive device to launch at a shooter in order to deter, distract, and potentially disarm the shooter, as a result of the plume 136 of the composition 124 disclosed herein. The plume 136 that is generated upon any impact 200 of the nose 112 or frangible outer cylindrical wall 104 of the device 100 with another object, is configured to get into the aggressor's mouth, nose, and eyes; and accordingly, the device 100 disorients the aggressor 134, delays the aggressor's actions, and thereby deters the aggressor 134 from undertaking harmful action against innocent victims.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition 124 includes 30%-50% by weight dense fly ash, 30%-50% by weight light fly ash, 10%-30% by weight glass beads, and 2%-4% by weight glitter. The dense fly ash, the light fly ash and the glass beads contribute to the aerodynamic properties of the composition 124 and the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100. When the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 is launched from the launcher and the ogival nose 112 bursts upon impact 200 with the aggressor 134, or bursts upon impact 200 with an object in close proximity to the aggressor 134, the disclosed lightweight components of the composition 124 are expelled from the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 into the surrounding area.
In preferred embodiment, the low density of the disclosed materials of the composition 124 of the disclosed invention allows the composition 124 to be carried by the air, or temporarily float in the surrounding air, creating a wide and visible dispersion 136 or plume 136 around that surrounding area.
In a preferred embodiment, the glitter that is included in the composition 124 is shiny and reflective and is adapted to help provide a visual distraction to the aggressor 134, thereby delaying the aggressor's harmful actions to others. When the composition 124 is expelled from the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 thereby forming the plume 136 in the surrounding air, the glitter within the plume 136 reflects light and sparkles, creating a visually dazzling effect, as a visual distraction that is configured to draw the attention of the aggressor 134. The visual distraction is configured to disorient and momentarily blind the aggressor 134 when the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 bursts either at, or in relative proximity to, the aggressor 134, because a bursting of the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 creates the plume 136 around the aggressor 134, further enhancing the diversionary effect. In this context, relative proximity means within zero to ten feet (0-10 feet) of the aggressor 134. In other words, in one embodiment, the plume 136 formed by the bursting of the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 covers a surrounding area of approximately up to 20 feet. In another embodiment, the plume 136 formed by the bursting of the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 covers a surrounding area of approximately up to 10 feet.
The non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 is adapted to burst, causing the composition 124 to plume 136 into the respectively surrounding air, as illustrated in
It will be apparent to a person skilled in the art that the composition 124 creates a powerful diversionary effect without causing serious physical harm to individuals in the vicinity and therefore is non-lethal and functions as a deterrent for the aggressor 134.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the composition 124 includes 30%-50% by weight dense fly ash, 30%-50% by weight light fly ash, 30%-50% by weight glass beads, and 0.15-2% by weight glitter. The glitter in different embodiments can be one or a mix of red glitter and green glitter.
In some embodiments, glass oxide can be used instead of the glass beads.
In a preferred embodiment, a total weight of composition 124 disposed inside the housing 102 of the device 100 is in a range from about 8 oz to about 18 oz. Such preferred weight is not only effective, but also helps to achieve certain requirements of different public places and educational institutes.
In yet another embodiment, the composition 124 includes 60%-70% by weight bed ash, 40%-50% by weight glass oxide, and 0.15-2% by weight glitter. The glass oxide is preferably synthetic crystalline and/or made of silica gel. In a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises 66% by volume Charah Madison 3 Bed Ash, having 1.21% Silica (SiO2), 5.86% Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3), 2.13% Iron Oxide (Fe2O3), 1.07% Sulfate Sulfur (SO3), 36.65% Calcium Oxide (CaO), 51.48% Magnesium Oxide (MgO), 0.61% Sodium Na2O, 0.45% Potassium K20 0.18. In such preferred embodiment, the composition includes 44% glass oxide.
As used herein, fly ash is distinguished from bed ash by their respective physical properties, where fly is a fine powdery material, while bed ash (or bottom ash) is a coarser, heavier material. For purposes of clarity, fly ash is the finely divided residue that results from the combustion of pulverized coal and is transported from the combustion chamber by exhaust gases. Fly ash is known to be produced by coal-fired electric and steam generating plants. Typically, coal is pulverized and blown with air into the boiler's combustion chamber where it immediately ignites, generating heat and producing a molten mineral residue. Boiler tubes extract heat from the boiler, cooling the flue gas and causing the molten mineral residue to harden and form ash. Coarse ash particles, referred to as bed ash, bottom ash or slag, fall to the bottom of the combustion chamber, while the lighter fine ash particles, termed fly ash, remain suspended in the flue gas. Prior to exhausting the flue gas, fly ash is typically removed by particulate emission control devices, such as electrostatic precipitators or filter fabric baghouses.
In other words, as is known by those of ordinary skill in the art, fly ash is the fine ash collected from the flue gas after coal combustion, and it is also the main solid waste discharged from coal-fired power plants. The main components of fly ash are oxides of silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, and magnesium.
As detailed above, the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 is preferably utilized to deter harm by one or more aggressors, such as one or more shooters (meaning, in the context of this application, one or more people armed with a firearm with the intention of inflicting injury or death upon one or more other people) for at least a short period of time, and preferably for a long enough period of time, to allow for the police or other authorities to arrive at the scene before the aggressor inflicts injury or death upon nearby victims. As can be appreciated from this disclosure, through preferred embodiments disclosed herein, the disclosed and claimed non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 is also preferably implemented and utilized in connection with a user's protection of the user's home or residence against home invasion by an aggressor.
Similarly, as also can be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, through embodiments disclosed herein, the non-lethal bursting projectile diversionary device 100 provides nearly any business owner user (such as, for example, an owner of a restaurant or bar) with a safe and reliable measure to protect his or her one or more small businesses against damages and/or other physical harm that may otherwise arise from gun-point hold-ups and robberies of her or his respective business(es).
Except as may be expressly otherwise indicated, the article “a” or “an” if and as used herein is not intended to limit, and should not be construed as limiting, the description or a claim to a single element to which the article refers. Rather, the article “a” or “an” if and as used herein is intended to cover one or more such elements, unless the text expressly indicates otherwise.
This invention is susceptible to considerable variation within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
This application claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/542,492, filed Oct. 4, 2023, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63542492 | Oct 2023 | US |
