Patent Application
20230069943
The subject matter of the present invention relates to a support structure for a nonpneumatic tire and specifically to improvements to the elastomeric joint bodies of such a support structure.
Composite spoke structures have been used to support non-pneumatic tires and may be comprised of an elastomer and a second material having a relatively higher bending stiffness than the elastomer, the composite spring having a first hinge side and a second hinge side comprised of the second material, and a joint body comprised of the elastomer, wherein the second material comprising the first hinge side and second hinge side are discontinuous or otherwise separated from one another by the joint body connecting the first hinge side and the second hinge side.
When the spoke is compressed, which would occur in this particular spoke by moving the radially outer elastomeric joint body 114 toward the radially inner elastomeric joint body 112, the elastomeric portion of the nose joint body 130 compresses and tension develops toward the ends 146, 148, 156, 158 of the legs 142, 144. Over prolonged use or under high stress, cracks may develop adjacent to the radial ends 146, 148, 156, 158 of the legs 142, 144, and particularly at the radially outer end (or “heel”) 148 of the radially outer leg 142, and may result in crack formation or other tearing. Particularly, cracks may form at the interface between the support element reinforcements 150 and the rubber they are imbedded in at the radially outer end of the radial outer support element 148.
An improved spoke construction having an improved durability would be useful. It would be particularly useful for an improved spoke construction that would prolong the useful life of the spoke delay, reduce or eliminate the likelihood of crack formation or tearing.
Aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the following description, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned through practice of the invention.
Disclosed herein is an elastomeric joint body with an improved geometry proximal to the terminal end of the reinforcements of a composite non-pneumatic tire support. The improved geometry places the terminal end of the reinforcements circumferentially farther from the circumferentially distal surface of the elastomeric joint body while maintaining an appropriate distance from the radially inner surface of the compliant outer tread band of the non-pneumatic tire or radially outer surface of the hub. The improved geometry reduces the peak stresses along the circumferentially distal surface of the elastomeric joint body, increasing its durability and resistance to cracking.
These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following description and appended claims. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended figures, in which:
The use of identical or similar reference numerals in different figures denotes identical or similar features.
The present invention provides an improvement to a mechanical structure for resiliently supporting a load. For purposes of describing the invention, reference now will be made in detail to embodiments and/or methods of the invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in or with the drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, not limitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For instance, features or steps illustrated or described as part of one embodiment, can be used with another embodiment or steps to yield a still further embodiments or methods. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
The following terms are defined as follows for this disclosure:
“Axial direction” or the letter “A” in the figures refers to a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of for example, the shear band, tire, and/or wheel as it travels along a road surface.
“Radial direction” or the letter “R” in the figures refers to a direction that is orthogonal to the axial direction and extends in the same direction as any radius that extends orthogonally from the axial direction.
“Equatorial plane” means a plane that passes perpendicular to the axis of rotation and bisects the outer compliant band and/or tire structure.
“Circumferential direction” or the letter “C” in the figures refers to a direction is orthogonal to the axial direction and orthogonal to a radial direction.
“Radial plane” means a plane that passes perpendicular to the equatorial plane and through the axis of rotation of the tire.
“Lateral direction” or the letter “L” means a direction that is orthogonal to an equatorial plane.
“Elastic material” or “Elastomer” as used herein refers to a polymer exhibiting rubber-like elasticity, such as a material comprising rubber.
“Elastomeric” as used herein refers to a material comprising an elastic material or elastomer, such as a material comprising rubber.
“Interior angle” or “Internal angle” as used herein means an angle formed between two surfaces that is greater than 0 degrees but less than 180 degrees. An acute angle, a right angle and an obtuse angle would all be considered “interior angles” as the term is used herein.
“Exterior angle” or “External angle” or “Reflex angle” as used herein means an angle formed between two surfaces that is greater than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees.
“Deflectable” means able to be bent resiliently.
“Nominal load” or “desired design load” is a load for which the structure is designed to carry. More specifically, when used in the context of a wheel or tire, “nominal load” refers to the load for which the wheel or tire is designed to carry and operate under. The nominal load or desired design load includes loads up to and including the maximum load specified by the manufacturer and, in the case of a vehicle tire, often indicated by marking on the side of the tire. A loading condition in excess of the nominal load may be sustained by the structure, but with the possibility of structural damage, accelerated wear, or reduced performance A loading condition of less than nominal load, but more than an unloaded state, may be considered a nominal load, though deflections will likely be less than deflections at nominal load.
“Modulus” or “Modulus of elongation” (MPa) and was measured at 10% (MA10) at a temperature of 23° C. based on ASTM Standard D412 on dumb bell test pieces. The measurements were taken in the second elongation; i.e., after an accommodation cycle. These measurements are secant moduli in MPa, based on the original cross section of the test piece.
“Distal” is a direction away from the mass center of spoke.
“Proximal” is a direction toward or closer to the mass center of the spoke.
The tire 10 shown here possesses an axis of rotation 20 about which the tire 10 rotates. In this exemplary embodiment, the radially outer surface 230 of the outer compliant band 200 interfaces with a ground surface 30 over which the tire rolls forming a contact patch, or area of the outer compliant band 200 that conforms to the surface upon which it is in contact with. Under a nominal load, the spokes 100 of the tire flex as the tire enters and exits the contact patch. Smaller deflections occur in the spokes 100 as the spoke rotates about the axis 20 outside the contact patch, but most of the deflection occurs while the spoke 100 enters, exits and travels through the contact patch.
Each spoke 100 possesses a “nose” portion 130 which acts as a resilient hinge. The “nose” portion 130 is an elastomeric joint body connecting a support element forming the radially inner portion of the spoke and a support element forming the radially outer portion of the spoke. The support elements of the spoke 100 are initially positioned at an angle relative to each other. The angle between the spoke support elements measuring less than 180 degrees is the interior angle and the angle between the spoke support elements measuring greater than 180 degrees is the exterior angle. The elastomeric joint is comprised of an elastomer attached to each spoke support element and is positioned on the side of the spoke elements on the interior angle side.
In this embodiment, the radially inner portion of the spoke possesses a radially inner foot 112 which connects to another surface, which is the radially outer surface of the hub 12 in the present embodiment. In the present embodiment, the radially inner foot 112 is comprised of an elastomeric joint body that connects the radially outer support to the hub 12. The radially outer portion of the spoke 100 possesses a radially outer foot 114 which is comprised of another elastomeric joint body which connects the outer support element to yet another surface which is in the present embodiment the radially inner surface of the outer compliant band 200.
In the exemplary embodiment shown, the tread band 200 comprises an elastomeric material and allows deformation to form a planar footprint in the contact patch. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the radially outer foot 114 of the spoke 100 is attached to the radially inner surface 202 of the tread band 200 and to the opposite side of the support element from the nose portion 130. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the spoke is adhered in place by an adhesive. In other embodiments, the spoke may be attached by other methods, including by adhering the elastomeric material together, for instance by using green rubber and curing the rubber components together, or using a strip of green rubber between cured or partially cured rubber components. In some embodiments, the outer compliant band 200 may also possess a reinforcement to help carry the load circumferentially around the tire.
For this particular embodiment, the size of the tire 100 is equivalent to a pneumatic tire of the size 215/45R17. In the particular embodiment shown, 64 spokes 100 are attached around the inner circumference of the outer compliant band 200. Under nominal loading conditions the tire 10 deflects 20 mm from the unloaded state. In the exemplary embodiment, 500 kg of mass load (approximately 4,900 N force) was used to approximate the nominal loading condition of the tire.
The support elements 112, 114 of the spoke 100 are referred herein as having a first side 174, 176 and a second side 175, 177. The radially outer elastomeric joint body 114 is positioned on the second side 177 of the radially outer support element 144 and the radially inner elastomeric joint body 112 is positioned on the second side 175 of the radially inner support element 142. The nose elastomeric joint body is positioned on the first sides 174, 176 of both the radially outer support element 144 and the radially inner support element 142.
When the spoke is compressed, which would occur in this particular spoke by moving the radially outer elastomeric joint body 114 toward the radially inner elastomeric joint body 112, the thicker portion of the nose elastomeric joint body 130 compresses and radial tension develops in the thinner portion of the nose elastomeric joint body as the support elements hinge about the nose elastomeric joint body. During compression of the spoke, the radially outer elastomeric joint body 114 and radially inner elastomeric joint body 112 also undergo compression in the radially thicker portion of the joint body and tension in the radially thinner portion of the joint body closer to the ends of the support element 142, 144 ends 146, 148.
In other words, when the spoke 100 is deformed radially inward, undergoing compression between the radially outer foot 114 and radially inner foot 112, the proximal portion nose elastomeric joint body 130 undergoes compression between the radially inner support element 142 and radially outer support element 144 of the spoke while the distal portion of the nose elastomeric joint body 130 undergoes tension between the radially inner support element 142 and the radially outer support element 144.
Reinforcements 150 in the support elements 142, 144 provide stiffness beyond that which the surrounding material can provide alone. The reinforcements may be constructed from any resilient material having a stiffness greater than the elastomeric joint bodies. In this particular embodiment the reinforcements 150 are comprised of pultruded fiberglass reinforced resin. Other materials may be used, including metal, including spring steel, carbon fiber, fiber reinforced resins or fiber reinforced plastics. The reinforcements 150 of the current embodiment are oriented along the length of the support element 142, 144 and generally along the length of the spoke such that they lie parallel to the equatorial plane of the tire.
The spoke 100 of the embodiment shown, including the elastomeric joint bodies 112, 114, 130 and the material surrounding the reinforcement 150, is comprised of rubber of the general type used in the construction of conventional rubber pneumatic radial tires.
The rubber used in the embodiment shown is of a relatively soft rubber having a modulus of 3.2 MPa in the areas of the radially inner elastomeric joint body 112 and radially outer elastomeric joint body 114. Each elastomeric joint body 112, 114 is attached to the radially inner leg 142 and radially outer leg 144 respectively. The radially inner leg 142 and radially outer leg 144 are constructed to give them rigidity, that is, to allow them to resiliently deform when the spoke 100 is under compression or tension. The radially outer end 148 of the radially outer leg 144 is attached to the elastomeric joint body 114, but is otherwise “free” and may move to compress or stretch the elastomeric joint body 114 when the spoke is being stretched or compressed. Likewise the radially inner end 146 of the radially inner leg 142 is attached to the elastomeric joint body 112, but is otherwise “free” and may move to compress or stretch the elastomeric joint body 112 when the spoke 100 is under compression or tension. The radially inner elastomeric joint body 112 generally becomes thicker in the circumferential direction nearer the hub 12 to which it is attached, however in the embodiment shown, it may become circumferentially thinner at points due to the profile of the geometry near the surface of the hub. In the embodiment shown, the elastomeric joint body 112 flairs outward forming a protrusion 116 nearest the hub 10. Likewise, the radially outer elastomeric joint body 114 generally becomes thicker in the circumferential direction nearer the outer band 200 to which it is attached. In the embodiment shown, the elastomeric joint body 114 flairs outward forming a protrusion 118 nearest the outer band 200.
The legs 142, 144 of the spoke 100 may be comprised of fiber reinforced plastic filaments surrounded by a rubber to form a membrane. In this embodiment the leg membranes 142, 144 possess a rigidity of approximately 10 to 100 GPa. The rigidity of the More specifically, the reinforcements of the membrane have a rigidity of approximately 32 GPa. In this particular embodiment, the filaments have a diameter of approximately 1 mm with a pace of about 2 mm apart. The filaments of the particular embodiment shown are glass reinforced resin formed by pultrusion. Likewise, in this embodiment, the filaments comprising the leg membranes 142, 144 have a modulus of 32 GPa. Alternatively other reinforcements may be used, including carbon fiber such as graphite epoxy, glass epoxy or aramid reinforced resins or epoxy or combinations thereof. Unreinforced plastic reinforcements or metallic reinforcements may also be used, provided they have sufficient rigidity for the nominal loads intended to be supported. Alternatively other pacing and other diameters diameter of the membranes and reinforcements may be used. The legs 142, 144 of the spoke 100 have a relatively large stiffness compared to the other components comprising the spoke 100. The legs 142, 144 act resiliently and have a large bending stiffness allowing the nose portion 130 of the spoke to act as a joint body connecting the radially inner leg 142 with the radially outer leg 144. The feet 112, 114 act as second and third joint bodies, connecting the radially inner leg 142 to the hub and the radially outer leg 144 with the outer band 200.
In
The inventors have found that spoke endurance performance is particularly good when the reinforcement 150 thickness T is approximately 1 mm and the radial distance Y is approximately 4 mm and the distance X in the circumferential direction is 3 mm.
The peak stress within elastomeric joint body 114 as measured by the computer simulation plotted against their circumferential location was plotted in the chart shown in
Also notable regarding the embodiment shown in
The “v-shape” of the embodiments of the spoke shown and described herein allow the adjacent spokes to “nest” and give linear spring rate when deflected radially over a distance approximately equal to the tires vertical deflection. The nesting of the spokes avoid adjacent spokes from clashing under normal loading conditions.
It should be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art that the stiffness of the spoke may be adjusted by adjusting the length of the “v” of the “v-shaped spoke”, the constituent material moduli and the internal architecture of the spoke.
It should be understood that other web element configurations and geometries may be used within the scope of the invention, including web elements which are interconnected such as where they may form a honeycomb or other pattern. While when the resilient composite structure is configured as a spoke they are configured to extend in a lateral direction across the width of the tire, it should be understood that they may be configured at other angles, such as at an angle to the lateral direction of the tire. For example, the spoke may extend at a diagonal between the circumferential direction and the lateral direction of the tire. In yet other embodiments, the spoke may be turned 90 degrees to run circumferentially around the diameter of the tire, thereby resembling a sidewall of a pneumatic tire. In such a configuration, the spoke would be configured like a continuous toroid about the hub of the wheel.
Selected combinations of aspects of the disclosed technology correspond to a plurality of different embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that each of the exemplary embodiments presented and discussed herein should not insinuate limitations of the present subject matter. Features or steps illustrated or described as part of one embodiment may be used in combination with aspects of another embodiment to yield yet further embodiments. Additionally, certain features may be interchanged with similar devices or features not expressly mentioned which perform the same or similar function.
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm” Also, the dimensions and values disclosed herein are not limited to a specified unit of measurement. For example, dimensions expressed in English units are understood to include equivalent dimensions in metric and other units (e.g., a dimension disclosed as “1 inch” is intended to mean an equivalent dimension of “2.5 cm”).
As used herein, the term “method” or “process” refers to one or more steps that may be performed in other ordering than shown without departing from the scope of the presently disclosed invention. As used herein, the term “method” or “process” may include one or more steps performed at least by one electronic or computer-based apparatus. Any sequence of steps is exemplary and is not intended to limit methods described herein to any particular sequence, nor is it intended to preclude adding steps, omitting steps, repeating steps, or performing steps simultaneously. As used herein, the term “method” or “process” may include one or more steps performed at least by one electronic or computer-based apparatus having a processor for executing instructions that carry out the steps.
The terms “a,” “an,” and the singular forms of words shall be taken to include the plural form of the same words, such that the terms mean that one or more of something is provided. The terms “at least one” and “one or more” are used interchangeably. Ranges that are described as being “between a and b” are inclusive of the values for “a” and “b.”
Every document cited herein, including any cross-referenced or related patent or application is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2019/066485 | 12/16/2019 | WO |
