Claims
- 1. An article comprising a paper substrate formed at least in part from recycled fiber having adhered to at least one surface thereof an anti-skid effective amount of a composition resulting from an aqueous solution comprising colloidal silica having a pH greater than 7 to approximately 11 and a mean particle size in the range of 10 to 150 millimicrons, and a clathrating agent selected from the group consisting of urea and thiourea.
- 2. The article of claim 1, wherein said substrate is a paper product comprised of at least 10% recycled fiber.
- 3. The article of claim 1, wherein said substrate is a wholly recycled paper product.
- 4. The article of claim 1, wherein the ratio by weight of said clathrating agent to said colloidal silica is between 0.1 to 3.00.
- 5. The article of claim 1, wherein the ratio by weight of said clathrating agent to said colloidal silica is between 0.2 to 1.0.
- 6. The article of claim 1, wherein said colloidal silica has a mean particle size in the range of 20 to 125 millimicrons.
- 7. The article of claim 1, wherein said colloidal silica comprises 1 to 5 percent by weight, based on the total weight of said composition.
- 8. The article of claim 1, wherein said colloidal silica comprises 2 to 4 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
- 9. The article of claim 1, wherein said clathrating agent is urea.
- 10. The article of claim 1, wherein said clathrating agent is thiourea.
- 11. The article of claim 1, wherein said colloidal silica has a mean particle size in the range of 60 to 100 millimicrons.
- 12. A method of increasing the coefficient of friction of the surface of a substrate formed from paper comprising applying to said surface an anti-skid effective amount of a composition comprising an alkaline aqueous sol of colloidal silica having a pH greater than 7 to approximately 11 and a mean particle size in the range of 10 to 150 millimicrons, and a clathrating agent selected from the group consisting of urea and thiourea and evaporating the water therefrom.
- 13. The method of claim 12, wherein said substrate is a paper product comprised of at least 10% recycled fiber.
- 14. The method of claim 12, wherein said substrate is a wholly recycled paper product.
- 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the ratio by weight of said clathrating agent to said colloidal silica is between 0.1 to 3.00.
- 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the ratio by weight of said clathrating agent to said colloidal silica is between 0.2 to 1.0.
- 17. The method of claim 12, wherein said colloidal silica has a mean particle size in the range of 20 to 125 millimicrons.
- 18. The method of claim 12, wherein said colloidal silica comprises 1 to 5 percent by weight, based on the total weight of said composition.
- 19. The method of claim 12, wherein said colloidal silica comprises 2 to 4 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
- 20. The method of claim 12, wherein said clathrating agent is urea.
- 21. The method of claim 12, wherein said clathrating agent is thiourea.
- 22. The method of claim 12, wherein said alkaline aqueous sol has a pH in the range of approximately 8.5 to 10.5.
- 23. The method of claim 12, wherein said colloidal silica has a mean particle size in the range of 60-100 millimicrons.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO A RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation-in-part of prior U.S. application, Ser. No. 252,035, filed Apr. 8, 1981 now abandoned.
US Referenced Citations (5)
Non-Patent Literature Citations (1)
Entry |
Ralph Iler "The Chemistry of Silica" Pub.: John Wiley & Sons 1979, pp. 288-355. |
Continuation in Parts (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
252035 |
Apr 1981 |
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