Patent Application
20230179292
This application is directed to non-terrestrial network beam switching and, in particular, configuration of spatially-orthogonal satellite beams and bandwidth parts for different geographic areas, configuration and reconfiguration of user equipment bandwidth parts and switching an active bandwidth part for the user equipment.
Non-terrestrial communication networks are characterized by using an Earth-orbiting satellite as a base station that communicates with an earthbound user equipment. In non-terrestrial communication networks, as well as other communication networks, time and frequency resources that are available for use in uplink and downlink channels are limited. Due to the need for ever-increasing communication data rates, it is particularly important to utilize the diversity gain to meet data rate demands.
In an embodiment, a non-terrestrial network base station is provided. The non-terrestrial network base includes a transmitter configured to transmit downlink data to user equipment and a receiver configured to receive uplink data from the user equipment. A channel bandwidth of the non-terrestrial network base station is divided into a plurality of bandwidth parts respectively corresponding to a plurality of geographic areas and each bandwidth part of the plurality of bandwidth parts is respectively associated with a satellite beam of a plurality of satellite beams. When the user equipment is located in a first geographic area of the plurality of geographic areas, the transmitter transmits the downlink data to the user equipment over a corresponding first bandwidth part of the plurality of bandwidth parts. After the user equipment transitions from the first geographic area of the plurality of geographic areas to a second geographic area of the plurality of geographic areas, the transmitter transmits the downlink data to the user equipment over a corresponding second bandwidth part of the plurality of bandwidth parts.
In an embodiment, the non-terrestrial network base station is configured to configure the user equipment with a bandwidth part configuration specifying a plurality of user equipment-configured bandwidth parts. When the user equipment is located in the first geographic area of the plurality of geographic areas, the plurality of user equipment-configured bandwidth parts include the first bandwidth part as an active bandwidth part and remaining bandwidth parts of the plurality of user equipment-configured bandwidth parts are inactive bandwidth parts. After the user equipment transitions from the first geographic area to the second geographic area, the plurality of user equipment-configured bandwidth parts include the second bandwidth part as the active bandwidth part and remaining bandwidth parts of the plurality of user equipment-configured bandwidth parts are inactive bandwidth parts.
In an embodiment, after the user equipment transitions from the first geographic area to the second geographic area, the non-terrestrial network base station reconfigures the active bandwidth part from the first bandwidth part to the second bandwidth part. In an embodiment, if prior to the user equipment transitioning from the first geographic area to the second geographic area, the plurality of user equipment-configured bandwidth parts do not include the second bandwidth part as the active bandwidth part or as an inactive bandwidth part, the non-terrestrial network base station reconfigures the bandwidth part configuration of the user equipment to include the second bandwidth part.
In an embodiment, the transmitter is configured to transmit, to the user equipment, the bandwidth part configuration by radio resource control (RRC) signaling or downlink control information (DCI). In an embodiment, the plurality of bandwidth parts are non-overlapping in a frequency domain.
The satellite has a coverage area 102 that is divided into a plurality of geographic areas, whereby each geographic area may be smaller than the coverage area 102. Spatial separation and frequency reuse are employed in the non-terrestrial network to reduce inter-beam interference and increase network capacity. Per the frequency reuse, a set of geographic areas 104a—d of the plurality of geographic areas are each assigned a respective bandwidth part (BWP) or frequency. User equipment 101, which may be a satellite television receiver or a cellular device, among others, is shown to be disposed in a first geographic area 104a. The user equipment 101 communicates with the satellite 100 using a bandwidth part or frequency that is assigned to the geographic area 104a. It is noted that the assignment of bandwidth part or frequency for uplink and downlink communication of the user equipment 101 may be independent of each other.
As shown in
Thus, the coverage area 102 of the satellite 100 is divided into geographic areas that are spatially separated. The geographic areas are assigned independent bandwidth parts 108a-d depending on a reuse factor (denoted as ‘K’). Four geographical areas 104a-d are illustrated in
The user equipment 101 may be configured to communicate over any number of bandwidth parts. For example, the user equipment 101 may be configured to communicate over four uplink bandwidth parts and four downlink bandwidth parts, among other types of configurations. The user equipment 101 may have one active uplink bandwidth part and one active downlink bandwidth part at any one time instance. An active bandwidth part is the bandwidth part (of the bandwidth parts with which the user equipment 101 is configured) that the user equipment 101 may presently use to communicate with the non-terrestrial network via the satellite 100 (for example, depending on the geographic area 104 in which the user equipment 101 is disposed). The remaining bandwidth parts with which the user equipment 101 is configured may be inactive for the user equipment 101 and may not be used by the user equipment 101 to communicate, through satellite 100, with the non-terrestrial network.
The user equipment 101 may switch from one active bandwidth part to another, for example, as a result of movement or relocation of the user equipment 101 from one geographic area 104 to another geographic area 104. That is, depending on the bandwidth parts used in the geographic area 104 in which the user equipment 101 is disposed, the user equipment 101 may use, as an active bandwidth part, any one of the plurality of bandwidth parts 108a—d. In addition to relocation, the user equipment 101 may change its active bandwidth part due at least in part to bandwidth part reassignment of the geographic area 104 in which the user equipment 101 is disposed.
The non-terrestrial network or an entity thereof, such as the base station, may command the user equipment 101, through satellite 100, to change its active bandwidth part by radio resource control (RRC) signaling or level 1 downlink control information (L1 DCI), among others. RRC signaling may be slower than DCI signaling. Further, uplink and downlink bandwidth parts of the user equipment 101 may be switched independently of each other or depending on one another.
The user equipment 101 is initially positioned in the first geographic area 104a, whereby the active bandwidth part of the user equipment is the first bandwidth part 108a. The user equipment 101 then moves to the third geographic area 104c. The third geographic area 104c is served by the third bandwidth part 108c. As a result of the relocation, the user equipment 101 switches its active bandwidth part from the first bandwidth part 108a to the third bandwidth part 108c. The first bandwidth part 108a becomes inactive. A non-terrestrial network entity or the satellite 100 may transmit RRC signaling or a DCI to a user equipment 101 commanding the user equipment to switch its active bandwidth part.
In the example illustrated in
However, as described herein, when the user equipment 101 is configured with the bandwidth parts are different than the bandwidth parts of the satellite 100, the bandwidth parts of the user equipment 101 may be reconfigured when the user equipment 101 switches between bandwidth parts.
Initially, the user equipment 101 is configured with the first, second, third and fourth bandwidth parts 108a-d and is located in the third geographic area 104c. The active bandwidth part of the user equipment 101 is the third bandwidth part 108c. The user equipment 101 moves from the third geographic area 104c to the fifth geographic area 104e. The fifth geographic area 104e is served by the fifth bandwidth part 108e, which is not within the user equipment bandwidth part configuration.
The non-terrestrial network, through the satellite 100, changes the user equipment bandwidth part configuration. The satellite 100 may at least add the fifth bandwidth part 108e to the user equipment bandwidth part configuration and correspondingly remove one other bandwidth part from the configuration to keep the number of bandwidth parts in the configuration constant. A non-terrestrial network entity or the satellite 100, may transmit RRC signaling to the user equipment to configure the bandwidth parts of the user equipment 101.
As shown in
The bandwidth part of the user equipment 101 may be configured or reconfigured based on user equipment 101 movement history or a prediction algorithm, among others. For example, it may be desirable for the bandwidth part configuration of the user equipment 101 to be optimally selected in order to minimize RRC signaling. For example, the satellite 100 or another non-terrestrial network entity may track movement of the user equipment 101 and may obtain, based on the tracking, a list of geographic areas 104 frequently visited by the user equipment 101. The satellite 100 or another non-terrestrial network entity may configure the user equipment bandwidth part configuration to include the bandwidth parts 108 of the most frequently visited geographic areas 104. If that the most frequently visited geographic areas 104 do not include the geographic area to which the user equipment moved, the bandwidth part configuration may be revised to include the bandwidth part 108 of the geographic area 104 to which the user equipment moved (for example, by swapping the bandwidth part 108 of the geographic area 104 with another on the list of most frequently visited geographic areas 104).
In an embodiment where the bandwidth part configuration of the user equipment 101 includes four (or a maximum of four) bandwidth parts 108, the bandwidth parts 108 of the four most frequently visited geographic areas 104 may be included in the configuration. If that the bandwidth part 108 of the geographic area 104 to which the user equipment 101 moved is not among the bandwidth parts 108 of the four most frequently visited geographic areas 104, the bandwidth part 108 of the fourth most frequently visited geographic areas 104 may be removed from the configuration and replaced with the bandwidth part 108 of the geographic area 104 to which the user equipment 101 moved.
Setting the user equipment bandwidth part configuration may be based on prediction of user equipment 101 movement. For example, if the movement of the user equipment 101 indicates forthcoming transition to one or more different geographic areas 104, the satellite 100 or another non-terrestrial network entity may configure the user equipment bandwidth part configuration to include the bandwidth parts 108 of the one or more different geographic areas 104. Predicting the user equipment 101 movement may be based on past or historical movement of the user equipment or other user equipment served by the satellite 100 or another non-terrestrial network entity. Accordingly, the reconfiguration of the user equipment 101 bandwidth part configuration may be minimized.
A satellite cluster may be defined as a set of satellite beams, where none of the beams use the same frequency. The set of satellite beams in a cluster may be f1, f2, . . . , fK (K is the frequency reuse factor). The union of the set of satellite beams in the cluster may cover the entire system channel bandwidth.
As described herein, each satellite beam corresponds to a bandwidth part 108 and may be covered by bandwidth part 108. Accordingly, the resources of the satellite beams of the cluster may not overlap in frequency because they independently correspond to different bandwidth parts 108 of the system channel bandwidth 106. The time and frequency resources of satellite beams of a cluster may overlap and are, thus, not orthogonal in the time and frequency domains. However, the satellite beams of the cluster are orthogonal in the space domain. Different clusters are also spatially orthogonal with one another but are not orthogonal in the time and frequency domains.
Each cluster may have a unique identifier. The number of satellite clusters (L) may depend on the channel frequency. For example, if the channel frequency is less than or equal to three GigaHertz (GHz), the number of satellite clusters may be 4. If the channel frequency is greater than three GHz but less than or equal to 7.125 GHz, the number of satellite clusters may be eight and if the frequency is greater than 7.125 GHz, then the number of satellite clusters may be L=64.
In an embodiment, a satellite 100 may cover a large geographic region, such as the contiguous United States. The satellite 100 may have multiple clusters (L) necessary to cover the geographic region, where each cluster covers K geographic areas 104. Alternatively, more than one satellite 100 may cover a large geographic region, such as the contiguous United States. Satellite-to-satellite handover may be performed.
The user equipment 101 and the satellite 100 respectively include a transmitter 122a, 122b. The transmitter 122a, 122b may be any type of device configured to transmit a signal by controlling the one or more antennas 120a, 120b, respectively. The user equipment 101 and the satellite 100 respectively include a receiver 124a, 124b, which may be any type of device configured to transmit a signal by controlling the one or more antennas 120a, 120b, respectively.
The user equipment 101 and the satellite 100 or another non-terrestrial network entity respectively include memory 126a, 126b. The memory 126a, 126b may be any type of non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The memory 126a, 126b may be read-only memory (ROM) or random access memory (RAM), among others.
Further, the memory 126a, 126b may be static or dynamic. The memory 126a, 126b stores the computer-executable instructions that may be retrieved or accessed by a respective processor 128a, 128b for execution. The computer-executable instructions, when executed by the respective processor 128a, 128b, cause the respective processor 128a, 128b (or user equipment 101 satellite 100) to operate as described herein.
The user equipment 101 and the satellite 100 or another non-terrestrial network entity include the processor 128a, 128b, respectively. The processor 128a, 128b is configured to perform the techniques and methods described herein. The transmitter 122a, 122b, the memory 126a, 126b, the receiver 124a, 124b, the processor 128a, 128b and the one or more antennas 120a, 120b within the user equipment 101 or the satellite 100 may be configured to mutually interact with one another. The transmitter 122a, receiver 124a, memory 126a and processor 128a of the user equipment 101 may respectively be implemented by a separate chip as independent elements, or may be implemented by two or more chips. The transmitter 122a, 122b and the receiver 124a, 124b may be incorporated into one device, whereby one transceiver may be implemented within the user equipment 101 or the satellite 100 or another non-terrestrial network entity. The one or more antennas 120a, 120b configured to wirelessly transmit a signal generated by the transmitter 122a, 122b to an external environment, or receive a radio signal from the external environment and transfer the received radio signal to the receiver 124a, 124b. Transmission and reception devices that support multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communication for data transmission and reception based on multiple antennas may be used.
The processor 128a, 128b generally controls the overall operation of the user equipment 101 or the satellite 100. In particular, the processor 128a, 128b may perform various control functions for performing the techniques described herein, a variable Medium Access Control (MAC) frame control function based on service characteristics and a propagation environment, a power saving mode for controlling an idle mode operation, a handover (HO) function, an authentication and encryption function, and the like. The processor 128a, 128b may be a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. The processor 128a, 128b may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or their combination. An application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), which are configured to perform the techniques described herein, may be provided in the processor 128a, 128b.
The transmitter 122a, 122b may perform coding and modulation of data, which are scheduled from the processor 128a, 128b or a scheduler coupled to the processor 128a, 128b. For example, the transmitter 122a, 122b may convert data streams intended for transmission into signal streams through de-multiplexing, channel coding, modulation, and the like. The signal streams are transmitted through a transmitting processor within the transmitter and the transmitting antenna 120a, 120b in due order. The transmitter 122a, 122b and the receiver 124a, 124b of the user equipment 101 and the satellite 100 may be configured differently depending on a processing procedure of transmitting and receiving signals.
It is noted that when the satellite 100 is a regenerative satellite, the satellite 100 may include the memory 126b and the processor 128b. Conversely, if the satellite 100 is a bent-pipe satellite that acts as a relay for another non-terrestrial network entity, such a base station, the satellite 100 may not include the memory 126b or the processor 128b. As a bent-pipe satellite (transparent satellite), the satellite 100 may include an amplifier, filter, frequency converter and transmitter and may not include memory or processing functionality.
A regenerative satellite may configure the user equipment 101 with the user equipment bandwidth part configuration and switch the active bandwidth part of the user equipment 101. Conversely, a transparent satellite may act as a relay for a base station in another part of the non-terrestrial network, whereby the base station controls bandwidth part configuration and switching of the user equipment 101.
At 606, the non-terrestrial network base station transmits downlink data to a user equipment over a corresponding first bandwidth part, of the plurality of bandwidth parts, when the user equipment is located in a first geographic area of the plurality of geographic areas. At 608, the non-terrestrial network base station reconfigures the bandwidth part configuration of the user equipment to include the second bandwidth part if prior to the user equipment transitioning from the first geographic area to the second geographic area, the plurality of user equipment-configured bandwidth parts do not include the second bandwidth part as the active bandwidth part or as an inactive bandwidth part.
At 610, the non-terrestrial network base station reconfigures the active bandwidth part from the first bandwidth part to the second bandwidth part after the user equipment transitions from the first geographic area to the second geographic area. At 612, the non-terrestrial network base station, after the user equipment transitions from the first geographic area of the plurality of geographic areas to a second geographic area of the plurality of geographic areas, transmits downlink data to the user equipment over a corresponding second bandwidth part of the plurality of bandwidth parts. After the user equipment transitions from the first geographic area to the second geographic area, the plurality of user equipment-configured bandwidth parts include the second bandwidth part as the active bandwidth part and remaining bandwidth parts of the plurality of user equipment-configured bandwidth parts are inactive bandwidth parts.
The various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. These and other changes can be made to the embodiments in light of the above-detailed description. In general, in the following claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the claims to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims, but should be construed to include all possible embodiments along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. Accordingly, the claims are not limited by the disclosure.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62889889 | Aug 2019 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 17592059 | Feb 2022 | US |
| Child | 18162288 | US | |
| Parent | 16694578 | Nov 2019 | US |
| Child | 17592059 | US |
