Claims
- 1. A nonazeotropic working fluid medium comprising a mixture of the following three compounds in their weight concentrations:
- 2. The nonazeotropic working fluid medium of claim 1, wherein the compounds and their weight concentrations are as follows:
- 3. The nonazeotropic working fluid medium of claim 1, wherein the compounds and their weight concentrations are as follows:
- 4. The nonazeotropic working fluid medium of claim 1, wherein the weight concentration of the compound CHClF2 (R22) ranges from 0.4 to one of the following: 0.63, 0.62, 0.61, 0.60, 0.59, 0.58, 0.56, 0.53, 0.52, and 0.51.
- 5. A nonazeotropic working fluid medium comprising a mixture of three compounds P, X and Y of the formula CnHmClxFy, wherein:
(a) n is an integer, and m, x and y are each independently integers of 0 or more, but m, x and y are not all 0; (b) the normal boiling point of compound P is the lowest among the three compounds, and each of the compounds X and Y has a normal boiling point within one of the following seven ranges (A-G):
A: −45° to −35° C. B: −35° to −20° C. C: −20° to 0° C. D: 0° to 25° C. E: 25° to 35° C. F: 55° to 90° C. G: 90° to 135° C.; (c) either no two of said compounds (cpds.) P, X and Y has a normal boiling point (b.p.) within the same boiling point range or at least two have a normal boiling point within the same boiling point range; and (d) the proportions of the compounds in the medium are as follows: 30No two cpds. inTwo cpds. insame b.p. rangesame b.p. rangeb.p. of X is less than Y andP > 0.45P > 0.40each is in range A0.01 < X < 0.530.01 < X < 0.580.01 < Y < 0.530.01 < Y < 0.58b.p. of X is less than Y andP > 0.46P > 0.40each is in range B0.01 < X < 0.520.01 < X < 0.570.01 < Y < 0.520.01 < Y < 0.57b.p. of X is less than Y;P > 0.47P > 0.40b.p. of X is in range B0.01 < X < 0.510.01 < X < 0.56and b.p. of Y is in range C0.01 < Y < 0.510.01 < Y < 0.56b.p. of X is at least in range B andP > 0.50P > 0.45b.p. of Y is at least in range D0.01 < X < 0.480.01 < X < 0.530.01 < Y < 0.480.01 < Y < 0.53.
- 6. The nonazeotropic working fluid medium of claim 5, wherein compound P comprises CHClF2 (R22).
- 7. The nonazeotropic working fluid medium of claim 5 comprising a mixture of the following three compounds in their weight concentrations:
- 8. The nonazeotropic working fluid medium of claim 5 comprising a mixture of the following three compounds in their weight concentrations:
- 9. The nonazeotropic working fluid medium of claim 5 comprising a mixture of the following three compounds in their weight concentrations:
- 10. A nonazeotropic working fluid medium comprising a mixture of compounds of P, X1, X2, X3, . . . ,Xn of the formula CnHmClxFy, wherein:
(a) n is an integer, m, x and y are each independently integers of 0 or more, but m, x and y are not all 0; (b) the normal boiling point of P is the lowest of the n+1 compounds, and each of the remaining compounds (X1, X2, X3, . . . ,Xn) has a normal boiling point within one of the following seven ranges (A-G):
A: −40° to −35° C. B: −35° to −20° C. C: −20° to 0° C. D: 0° to 25° C. E: 25° to 35° C. F: 55° to 90° C. G: 90° to 135° C.; (c) either no two of said compounds (P, X1, X2, X3, . . . ,Xn) has a normal boiling point (b.p.) within the same boiling point range or at least two have a normal boiling point within the same; and (d) the concentrations of the compounds in the medium are as follows: 34No two Cpds. inTwo Cpds. insame b.p. rangesame b.p. rangeb.p. ofP > 0.33P > 0.30X1 < X2 < X3 < . . . < Xn and0.01 < X1 < (0.67 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X1 < (0.70 − N × 0.01)each is in range A0.01 < X2 < (0.67 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X2 < (0.70 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X3 < (0.67 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X3 < (0.70 − N × 0.01)0.01 < Xn < (0.67 − N × 0.01)0.01 < Xn < (0.70 − N × 0.01)b.p. ofP > 0.34P > 0.31X1 < X2 < X3 < . . . < Xn and0.01 < X1 < (0.66 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X1 < (0.69 − N × 0.01)each is in range B0.01 < X2 < (0.66 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X2 < (0.69 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X3 < (0.66 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X3 < (0.69 − N × 0.01)0.01 < Xn < (0.66 − N × 0.01)0.01 < Xn < (0.69 − N × 0.01)b.p. of X1 < X2 < X3 < . . . < Xn,P > 0.35P > 0.32with at least one b.p. in0.01 < X1 < (0.65 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X1 < (0.68 − N × 0.01)range C and the rest in0.01 < X2 < (0.65 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X2 < (0.68 − N × 0.01)range B0.01 < X3 < (0.65 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X3 < (0.68 − N × 0.01)0.01 < Xn < (0.65 − N × 0.01)0.01 < Xn < (0.68 − N × 0.01)b.p. of X1 < X2 < X3 < . . . < XnP > 0.38P > 0.35and b.p.’s of X1, X2, X3, . . . ,0.01 < X1 < (0.62 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X1 < (0.65 − N × 0.01)Xi (3 < i < n) are at least in0.01 < X2 < (0.62 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X2 < (0.65 − N × 0.01)range B and b.p.’s of0.01 < X3 < (0.62 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X3 < (0.65 − N × 0.01)X(i + 1), . . . , Xn are at least in0.01 < Xn < (0.62 − N × 0.01)0.01 × Xn < (0.65 − N × 0.01).range D
- 11. A nonazeotropic working fluid medium for use in a thermodynamic cycle system, comprising a mixture of compounds and characterized in that, when subject to one or more vaporization loss/replenishment cycles,
(a) the weight of the medium changes by less than about 15% of the total original weight of the medium, per cycle; and (b) cumulatively, over all cycles, the weight of the medium changes by no more than about 50% of the total original weight of the medium, resulting in:
(i) a total decrease in the coefficient of performance of said medium of no more than about 5%; or (ii) a loss in electric power generating efficiency of not more than about 3 percent.
- 12. A nonazeotropic working fluid medium according to claim 11 wherein the compounds are CHClF2 (R22) and at least one compound of the formula C2HxXy wherein x and y are integers, y is greater than 1, x+y=6, and each X in a given compound can be independently chlorine or fluorine.
- 13. A nonazeotropic working fluid medium according to claim 11 wherein:
(a) the compounds are CHClF2 (R22) and two other compounds X and Y of the formula CnHmClxFy wherein n is 1 or 2, m and x are each independently integers of 0 or more, y is an integer of 1 or more, and each of said two other compounds has a normal boiling point within one of the following seven ranges (A-G):
A −41° to −35° C. B −35° to −20° C. C −20° to 0° C. D 0° to 25° C. E 25° to 35° C. F 55° to 90° C. G 90° to 135° C.; (b) either no two of said compounds (cpds.) (R22, X, Y) has a normal boiling point (b.p.) within the same boiling point range or two have a normal boiling point within the same boiling point range; and (c) the proportions of the compounds in the medium are as follows: 35No two Cpds.Two Cpds.in same b.p.in same b.p.rangerangeb.p. of X less than Y andR22 > 0.45R22 > 0.40each is in range A0.01 < X < 0.530.01 < X < 0.580.01 < Y < 0.530.01 < Y < 0.58b.p. of X less than Y andR22 > 0.46R22 > 0.41one is in range B0.01 < X < 0.520.01 < X < 0.570.01 < Y < 0.520.01 < Y < 0.57b.p. of X less than Y andR22 > 0.47R22 > 0.42each is in range B and C,0.01 < X < 0.510.01 < X < 0.56respectively0.01 < X < 0.510.01 < Y < 0.56b.p. of X is at least in range B andR22 > 0.50R22 > 0.45b.p. of Y is at least in range D0.01 < X < 0.480.01 < X < 0.530.01 < Y < 0.480.01 < Y < 0.53
- 14. A nonazeotropic working fluid medium according to claim 11 wherein:
(a) the compounds are three compounds P, X and Y of the formula CnHmClxFy wherein n is an integer, and m, x and y are each independently integers of 0 or more, but m, x and y are not all 0, the normal boiling point of P is the lowest of the three compounds, and each of said compounds X and Y has a normal boiling point within one of the following seven ranges (A-G):
A −45° to −35° C. B −35° to −20° C. C −20° to 0° C. D 0° to 25° C. E 25° to 35° C. F 55° to 90° C. G 90° to 135° C.; (b) either no two of said compounds (cpds.) (P, X, Y), has a normal boiling point (b.p.) within the same boiling point range or at least two have a normal boiling point within the same boiling point range; and (c) the proportions of the compounds in the medium are as follows: 36No two cpds. inTwo cpds. insame b.p. rangesame b.p. rangeb.p. of X less than Y andP > 0.45P > 0.40each is in range A0.01 < X < 0.530.01 < X < 0.580.01 < Y < 0.530.01 < Y < 0.58b.p. of X less than Y andP > 0.46P > 0.40each is in range B0.01 < X < 0.520.01 < X < 0.570.01 < Y < 0.520.01 < Y < 0.57b.p. of X less than Y andP > 0.47P > 0.40b.p. of X is in range B and0.01 < X < 0.510.01 < X < 0.56b.p. of Y is in range C0.01 < Y < 0.510.01 < Y < 0.56b.p. of X is at least in range BP > 0.50P > 0.45b.p. of Y is at least in range D0.01 < X < 0.480.01 < X < 0.530.01 < Y < 0.480.01 < Y < 0.53
- 15. A nonazeotropic working fluid medium according to claim 11 wherein:
(a) the compounds are P, X1, X2, X3, . . . ,Xn of the formula CnHmClxFy wherein n is an integer, m, x and y are each independently integers of 0 or more, but m, x and y are not all 0, the normal boiling point of P is the lowest of the n+1 compounds, and each of the remaining compounds (X1, X2, X3, . . . ,Xn) has a normal boiling point within one of the following seven ranges (A-G):
A −45° to −35° C. B −35° to −20° C. C −20° to 0° C. D 0° to 25° C. E 25° to 35° C. F 55° to 90° C. G 90° to 135° C.; (b) either no two of said compounds (P, X1, X2, X3, . . . ,Xn) has a normal boiling point (b.p.) within the same boiling point range or at least two have a normal boiling point within the same; and (c) the concentrations of the compounds in the medium are as follows: 37No two Cpds. in same b.p.Two Cpds. in same b.p.rangerangeb.p. ofP > 0.33P > 0.30X1 < X2 < X3 < . . . < Xn and0.01 < X1 < (0.67 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X1 < (0.70 − N × 0.01)each is in range A0.01 < X2 < (0.67 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X2 < (0.70 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X3 < (0.67 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X3 < (0.70 − N × 0.01)0.01 < Xn < (0.67 − N × 0.01)0.01 < Xn < (0.70 − N × 0.01)b.p. ofP > 0.34P > 0.31X1 < X2 < X3 < . . . < Xn and0.01 < X1 < (0.66 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X1 < (0.69 − N × 0.01)each is in range B0.01 < X2 < (0.66 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X2 < (0.69 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X3 < (0.66 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X3 < (0.69 − N × 0.01)0.01 < Xn < (0.66 − N × 0.01)0.01 < Xn < (0.69 − N × 0.01)b.p. ofP > 0.35P > 0.32X1 < X2 < X3 < . . . < Xn, with at0.01 < X1 < (0.65 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X1 < (0.68 − N × 0.01)least one b.p. in range C and0.01 < X2 < (0.65 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X2 < (0.68 − N × 0.01)the rest in range B0.01 < X3 < (0.65 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X3 < (0.68 − N × 0.01)0.01 < Xn < (0.65 − N × 0.01)0.01 < Xn < (0.68 − N × 0.01)b.p. of X1 < X2 < X3 < . . . < XnP > 0.38P > 0.35and b.p.’s of X1, X2, X3, . . . ,0.01 < X1 < (0.62 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X1 < (0.65 − N × 0.01)Xi(3 < i < n) are at least in0.01 < X2 < (0.62 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X2 < (0.65 − N × 0.01)range B and b.p.’s of0.01 < X3 < (0.62 − N × 0.01)0.01 < X3 < (0.65 − N × 0.01)X(i + 1), . . . , Xn are at least in0.01 < Xn < (0.62 − N × 0.01)0.01 < Xn < (0.65 − N × 0.01).range D
- 16. A nonazeotropic working fluid medium according to claim 12 comprising additionally one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons of the formula C4H10 and compounds of the formula CHmClnF3 wherein one of m and n is 1 and the other is 0.
- 17. A method of formulating a nonazeotropic working fluid medium exhibiting vaporization loss stability from at least, three compounds, the method comprising:
selecting a first compound having a first boiling point in a first range from the rest of ranges comprising:
A −45° to −35° C. B −35° to −20° C. C −20° to 0° C. D 0° to 25° C. E 25° to 35° C. F 55° to 90° C. G 90° to 135° C.; selecting a second compound having a second boiling point that is greater than the first boiling point; selecting a third compound having a third boiling point that is greater than the first boiling point; and combining the first, second, and third compounds to form the nonazeotropic working fluid medium.
- 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first compound comprises CHClF2 (R22).
- 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the second compound comprises CH(CH3)3 (R600a).
- 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the third compound comprises CH3CHF2 (R152a).
Priority Claims (1)
| Number |
Date |
Country |
Kind |
| 92100395.1 |
Jan 1992 |
CN |
|
CROSS REFERENCE
[0001] This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/486,996 filed Jun. 7, 1995, which is a division of application Ser. No. 08/007,398 filed Jan. 21, 1993, which is a continuation-in-part application of Ser. No. 07/854,131 filed Mar. 19, 1992.
Divisions (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
| Parent |
08007398 |
Jan 1993 |
US |
| Child |
08486996 |
Jun 1995 |
US |
Continuations (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
| Parent |
08486996 |
Jun 1995 |
US |
| Child |
10104181 |
Mar 2002 |
US |
Continuation in Parts (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
| Parent |
07854131 |
Mar 1992 |
US |
| Child |
08007398 |
Jan 1993 |
US |
Patent Application
20020175313
