Patent Application
20190279609
The present invention relates to a nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application suitable for being laminated on a porous sound absorbing material, and relates to a sound absorbing material using the nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application.
Heretofore, sound absorbing materials have been used in various products such as vehicles, houses, and electrical products in order mainly to reduce noise. The sound absorbing materials are grouped into several classes according to their materials and shapes. Porous sound absorbing materials (such as felts, glass wools, and polyurethane foams) are known as one such class (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
The porous sound absorbing materials are lightweight, flexible, and relatively easy to handle. For these reasons, the porous sound absorbing materials are being used for a greater number of purposes in recent years, and thus, they are required to have further improved sound absorption performance.
The present inventors found that when a nonwoven fabric that satisfies specific conditions is laminated on the porous sound absorbing material, the resultant material has significantly improved sound absorption performance in the frequency band of 1000 to 10000 Hz as compared to the porous sound absorbing material alone and still remains light in weight, flexible, and easy to handle, substantially comparable to the porous sound absorbing material. The present invention has been made in view of this finding.
An aspect of the present invention provides a nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application adapted to be laminated on the porous sound absorbing material. The nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application according to the present invention includes a plurality of drawn filament (drawn long fibers) arranged and oriented in one direction, and the mode value of the diameter distribution of the plurality of filaments is 1 to 4 μm.
When laminated on the porous sound absorbing material, the nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application according to the present invention constitutes a sound absorbing material with the porous sound absorbing material, and the resultant laminated sound absorbing material has significantly improved sound absorption performance in the frequency band of 1000 to 10000 Hz as compared to the porous sound absorbing material alone.
The present invention provides a nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application, which is suitable for being laminated on a porous sound absorbing material (such as a felt, a glass wool, or a polyurethane foam). When laminated on the porous sound absorbing material, the nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application according to the present invention constitutes a sound absorbing material with the porous sound absorbing material. As will be described later, the resultant laminated sound absorbing material has improved sound absorption performance in the frequency band of 1000 to 10000 Hz as compared to the porous sound absorbing material alone.
The nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application according to the present invention is a so-called filament (long-fiber) nonwoven fabric, and includes a plurality of drawn filaments (drawn long fibers) arranged and oriented in one direction. The mode value of the diameter distribution of these filaments is in the range of 1 to 4 μm.
For example, the nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application according to the present invention may be a “unidirectionally oriented nonwoven fabric”, which includes a plurality of drawn filaments arranged and oriented in one direction. As used herein, the “one direction” does not necessarily refer strictly to a single direction, but merely refers to being substantially is a single direction. The unidirectionally oriented nonwoven fabric as described above may be produced through production steps including arranging and orienting a plurality of filaments in one direction, and drawing the plurality of arranged and oriented filaments in the one direction, for example.
As used herein, “arranging and orienting a plurality of filaments in one direction” indicates arranging and orienting the plurality of filaments so that the length direction (axial direction) of each filament coincides with the one direction, that is, so that the arranged and oriented filaments extend substantially in the one direction. For example, when the unidirectionally oriented nonwoven fabric is manufactured in a long sheet form, the one direction may be the lengthwise direction (also referred to as “longitudinal direction”) of the long sheet, or a direction inclined with respect to the lengthwise direction of the long sheet, or the width direction (also referred to as “transverse direction”) of the long sheet, or a direction inclined with respect to the transverse direction of the long sheet. Also as used herein, “drawing the plurality of arranged and oriented filaments in the one direction” indicates drawing each of the plurality of filaments substantially in its axial direction. By drawing the plurality of filaments in one direction after arranging and orienting the filaments in the one direction, molecules in each filament are oriented in the one direction in which the filament is drawn, that is, in the axial direction of the filament.
In addition to the drawn filaments arranged and oriented in one direction (first filaments), the nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application according to the present invention may further include second filaments that are drawn filaments arranged and oriented in a direction orthogonal to the one direction. In other words, the nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application according to the present invention may be an “orthogonally oriented nonwoven fabric”, which includes a plurality of drawn filaments arranged and oriented in two directions that are orthogonal to each other. As used herein, these two “orthogonal” directions do not have to be strictly orthogonal, but have merely to be substantially orthogonal. The orthogonally oriented nonwoven fabric as described above may be produced, for example, by stacking and fusing two sheets of a unidirectionally oriented nonwoven fabric together in an arrangement in which filaments in one of these two sheets are orthogonal to filaments in the other. Here, in the orthogonally oriented nonwoven fabric, as long as the mode value of the diameter distribution of the first filaments, which are arranged and oriented in the one direction, is in the range of 1 to 4 the mode value of the diameter distribution of the second filaments, which are arranged and oriented in the direction orthogonal to the one direction, does not have to be in the range of 1 to 4 For example, in the orthogonally oriented nonwoven fabric, the mode value of the diameter distribution of the first filaments, which are arranged and oriented in the one direction, may be in the range of 1 to 4 and the mode value of the diameter distribution of the second filaments, which are arranged and oriented in the direction orthogonal to the one direction, may be in the range of 4 to 11 μm.
As described above, the nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application according to the present invention is adapted to be laminated on the porous sound absorbing material. As shown in
Next, an embodiment of the nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application according to the present invention will be described. As described above, the nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application according to the present invention may be either the unidirectionally oriented nonwoven fabric or the orthogonally oriented nonwoven fabric. In the following description, the term “longitudinal (direction)” may refer to the machine direction (MD direction), i.e., the feed direction of the nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application during manufacture (corresponding to the length direction of the nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application). The term “transverse (direction)” may refer to a direction (TD direction) orthogonal to the longitudinal direction, i.e., a direction orthogonal to the feed direction (corresponding to the width direction of the nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application).
A first embodiment of the nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application according to the present invention is longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric obtained by orienting a plurality of filaments made of a thermoplastic resin in the longitudinal direction, that is, so that the length direction (axial direction) of each filament substantially coincides with the longitudinal direction, and drawing these oriented filaments in the longitudinal direction (axial direction). In such a longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric, molecules in each filament are oriented in the longitudinal direction. Here, the longitudinal drawing ratio of each of the filaments is in the range of 3 to 6. The mode value of the diameter distribution of the filaments (i.e., the drawn filaments) constituting the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric is in the range of 1 to 4 μm, preferably in the range of 2 to 3 μm. Furthermore, the average diameter of the filaments constituting the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric is in the range of 1 to 4 μm, preferably in the range of 2 to 3 μm. The variation coefficient of the diameter distribution of the filaments constituting the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric is in the range of 0.1 to 0.3, preferably in the range of 0.15 to 0.25. Here, the variation coefficient is obtained by dividing the standard deviation of the diameters of the filaments constituting the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric by the average (average filament diameter) of the diameters.
As long as they are substantially long, the filaments are not particularly limited. For example, the filaments may have an average length greater than 100 mm. Furthermore, the filaments have merely to have an average diameter in the range of 1 to 4 μm. The longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric may additionally contain filaments having a diameter less than 1 μm and/or filaments having a diameter greater than 4 μm. The length and diameter of the filaments can be measured using, for example, an enlarged photograph of the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric photographed by a scanning electron microscope. Specifically, the average and standard deviation of the filament diameters can be calculated from N (50, for example) measurements of the filament diameters, and then the variation coefficient of the filament diameter distribution can be obtained by dividing the standard deviation by the average filament diameter.
The grammage (weight per unit area) w of the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric may be in the range of 5 to 60 g/m2, preferably in the range of 5 to 40 g/m2, more preferably in the range of 10 to 30 g/m2. The grammage is calculated based, for example, on the average of measured weights of 300 mm×300 mm sheets of the nonwoven fabric. The longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric has a thickness t of 10 to 110 preferably 20 to 70 The specific volume t/w (cm3/g) of the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric obtained by dividing the thickness t by the grammage w is in the range of 2.0 to 3.5. Such a specific volume t/w in the range of 2.0 to 3.5 indicates that the thickness of the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric is small relative to the grammage. Furthermore, the air permeability of the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric is in the range of 5 to 250 cm3/cm2·s, preferably in the range of 10 to 70 cm3/cm2·s.
Furthermore, the folding width of the filaments in producing the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric is preferably 300 mm or more. Allowing the filaments to function as long continuous fibers in turn requires a relatively large folding width. As will be described later, after being spun, the filaments are vibrated in the longitudinal direction and arranged folded back on the conveyor. The folding width of the filaments refers to the average of the substantially straight distances between the bends of such a folded filament, and can be visually observed in the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric made by drawing these filaments. In the manufacturing method (manufacturing apparatus) described later, such a folding width can be changed depending on, for example, the speed of the high-speed airstream and/or the rotation speed of the airstream vibration mechanism.
The filaments are obtained by melt-spinning a thermoplastic resin. As long as it is melt-spinnable, the thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited. Typically, a polyester, in particular, a polyethylene terephthalate having an intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.43 to 0.63, preferably 0.48 to 0.58, is used as the thermoplastic resin. Alternatively, polypropylene may be used as the thermoplastic resin. These materials are suitable for their good spinnability using meltblowing process or the like. The thermoplastic resin may contain additives such as an antioxidant, a weathering agent, and a coloring agent in an amount of about 0.01 to 2% by weight. Additionally or alternatively, a flame-retardant resin such as a flame-retardant polyester, which is provided with flame retardancy by copolymerization with flame-retardant phosphorus components, may be used as the thermoplastic resin, for example.
Next, an example of a method of manufacturing the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric will described. The method of manufacturing the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric includes the steps of: producing a nonwoven web including a plurality of filaments arranged and oriented in the longitudinal direction, and obtaining a longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric by uniaxially drawing the produced nonwoven web (that is, the plurality of filaments arranged and oriented in the longitudinal direction).
Specifically, the step of producing the nonwoven web includes: preparing a set of nozzles configured to extrude a plurality (large number) of filaments, a conveyor belt configured to collect and convey the filaments extruded from the set of nozzles, and an airstream vibrating means configured to vibrate a high-speed airstream directed to the filaments; extruding the plurality (large number) of filaments from the set of nozzles onto the conveyor belt; allowing the filaments extruded from the set of nozzles to accompany the high-speed airstream so as to reduce the filament diameter; and causing the airstream vibrating means to periodically vary the direction of the high-speed airstream in the travel direction of the conveyor belt (that is, in the longitudinal direction). Through these steps, a nonwoven web including a plurality of filaments arranged and oriented in the travel direction of the conveyor belt (that is, in the longitudinal direction) is produced in the step of producing the nonwoven web. In the step of obtaining the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric, the nonwoven web produced in the step of producing the nonwoven web is uniaxially drawn in the longitudinal direction so as to obtain the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric. The drawing ratio is in the range of 3 to 6.
Here, regarding the set of nozzles, the number of nozzles, the number of nozzle holes, the nozzle hole pitch P, the nozzle hole diameter D, and the nozzle hole length L may be set as desired. Preferably, the nozzle hole diameter D may be in the range of 0.1 to 0.2 mm and the value L/D may be in the range of 10 to 40.
First, at the upstream end of the manufacturing apparatus, a thermoplastic resin (a thermoplastic resin mainly containing a polyester or a polypropylene, in this example) is introduced into an extruder (not shown) and melted and extruded by the extruder. Then, the extruded thermoplastic resin is passed to the meltblowing die 1.
The meltblowing die 1 has a large number of nozzles 3 at its distal end (lower end). The nozzles 3 are lined up in a direction orthogonal to the plane of
In the method of forming the filaments 11 with the meltblowing die 1, the temperature of the high-speed airstream can be increased such that the temperature of the filaments 11 immediately after being extruded from the nozzles 3 is sufficiently higher than the melting point of the filaments 11, and this allows reduction of the diameter of the filaments 11.
The conveyor belt 7 is disposed below the meltblowing die 1. The conveyor belt 7 is wound around conveyor rollers 13 and other rollers configured to be rotated by a driver (not shown). By rotating the conveyor rollers 13 to drive the conveyor belt 7 to move, the filaments 11 extruded from the nozzles 3 and collected on the conveyor belt 7 are conveyed in the arrow direction (right direction) of
The airstream vibration mechanism 9 is provided at a predetermined location between the meltblowing die 1 and the conveyor belt 7, specifically, at a location near a space through which a high-speed airstream flows. Here, the high-speed airstream is a combination of the high-pressure heated air flows that are jetted from the opposite slits 6a, 6b of the nozzles 3. The airstream vibration mechanism 9 has an elliptical cylindrical portion having an elliptical cross section, and support shafts 9a extending from the opposite ends of the elliptical cylindrical portion. The airstream vibration mechanism 9 is disposed substantially orthogonal to the direction in which the filaments 11 are conveyed by the conveyor belt 7 (the travel direction of the conveyor belt 7), that is, disposed substantially in parallel to the width direction of the longitudinally oriented long-fiber nonwoven fabric to be manufactured. The airstream vibration mechanism 9 is configured such that the elliptical cylindrical portion rotates in the direction of arrow A as the support shafts 9a are rotated. Disposing and rotating the elliptical cylindrical airstream vibration mechanism 9 near the high-speed airstream allows the direction of the high-speed airstream to be changed by the Coanda effect, as will be described later. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the manufacturing apparatus having a single airstream vibration mechanism 9, and the manufacturing apparatus may have a plurality of airstream vibration mechanisms 9 as necessary to increase the vibration amplitude of the filaments 11.
The filaments 11 flow along the high-speed airstream. The high-speed airstream, which is a combination of the high-pressure heated air flows that are jetted from the slits 6a, 6b, flows in a direction substantially orthogonal to the conveying surface of the conveyor belt 7. In this connection, it is generally known that when there is a wall near the high-speed jet flow of gas or liquid, the jet flow tends to pass near surfaces of the wall. Such a phenomenon is called the Coanda effect. The airstream vibration mechanism 9 uses this Coanda effect to change the direction of the high-speed airstream and thus, the flow of the filaments 11.
It is desirable that the width of the airstream vibration mechanism 9 (the elliptical cylindrical portion), that is, the length of the airstream vibration mechanism 9 in the direction parallel to the support shafts 9a, be greater than the width of the filament set to be spun by the meltblowing die 1 by 100 mm or more. If the width of the airstream vibration mechanism 9 were smaller than the above, the airstream vibration mechanism 9 would fail to sufficiently change the flow direction of the high-speed airstream at the opposite ends of the filament set, and thus, the filaments 11 would not be oriented satisfactorily in the longitudinal direction at the opposite ends of the filament set. The minimum distance between a circumferential wall surface 9b of the airstream vibration mechanism 9 (the elliptical cylindrical portion) and the axis 100 of the high-speed airstream is 25 mm or less, preferably 15 mm or less. If the minimum distance between the airstream vibration mechanism 9 and the airstream axis 100 were greater than the above, the effect of attracting the high-speed airstream to the airstream vibration mechanism 9 would be reduced and the airstream vibration mechanism 9 would fail to vibrate the filaments 11 satisfactorily.
Here, the vibration amplitude of the filaments 11 depends on the speed of the high-speed airstream and the rotation speed of the airstream vibration mechanism 9. Accordingly, the speed of the high-speed airstream is set to 10 m/sec or more, preferably 15 m/sec or more. If the speed of the high-speed airstream were lower than the above, the high-speed airstream would not be attracted satisfactorily to the circumferential wall surface 9b of the airstream vibration mechanism 9, and the airstream vibration mechanism 9 would fail to vibrate the filaments 11 satisfactorily. The rotation speed of the airstream vibration mechanism 9 may be set to a value ensuring that the vibration frequency that maximizes the vibration amplitude of the filaments 11 is achieved at the circumferential wall surface 9b. Such a maximizing vibration frequency, which varies depending on the spinning conditions, is determined appropriately according to the spinning conditions.
In the manufacturing apparatus shown in
The solidified filaments 11 are vibrated in the longitudinal direction in the course of being stacked onto the conveyor belt 7, and successively collected on the conveyor belt 7 with end portions folded back in the longitudinal direction. The filaments 11 on the conveyor belt 7 are conveyed in the arrow direction (right direction) of
After that, the nonwoven fabric is taken up by the take-up nip rollers 16a, 16b (the downstream take-up nip roller 16b is made of rubber). The circumferential speed of the take-up nip rollers 16a, 16b is set greater than the circumferential speed of the drawing cylinders 12a, 12b. As a result, the nonwoven web is longitudinally drawn to be 3 to 6 times longer than the original length. In this way, a longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric 18 is manufactured. If necessary, the nonwoven web may further be subjected to a post-processing including heating or partial bonding such as heat embossing or the like. Here, the drawing ratio can be defined, for example, using marks applied at regular intervals on the nonwoven web before drawing the filaments by the following equation:
Drawing ratio=“distance between the marks after drawing”/“distance between the marks before drawing”.
As described above, the average diameter of the filaments constituting the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric 18 thus manufactured is in the range of 1 to 4 μm (preferably 2 to 3 μm). The variation coefficient of the diameter distribution of the filaments constituting the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric 18 thus manufactured is in the range of 0.1 to 0.3. The longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric 18 may be slightly elastic in the direction parallel to the filaments, that is, in the longitudinal direction which coincides with the axial direction and the drawing direction of the filaments. The tensile strength in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric is 20 N/50 mm or more. The tensile strength is measured by JIS L1096 8. 14. 1 A-method.
A second embodiment of the nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application according to the present invention is a transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric obtained by arranging and orienting a plurality of filaments made of a thermoplastic resin in the transverse direction, that is, so that the length direction (axial direction) of each filament substantially coincides with the transverse direction, and drawing these arranged and oriented filaments in the transverse direction (axial direction). In such a transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric, molecules in each filament are oriented in the transverse direction. Here, as in the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric, the transverse drawing ratio of each of the filaments is in the range of 3 to 6. The mode value of the diameter distribution of the filaments (i.e., the drawn filaments) constituting the transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric is in the range of 1 to 4 μm, preferably in the range of 2 to 3 μm. Furthermore, the average diameter of the filaments constituting the transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric is in the range of 1 to 4 μm, preferably in the range of 2 to 3 μm. The variation coefficient of the diameter distribution of the filaments constituting the transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric is in the range of 0.1 to 0.3, preferably in the range of 0.15 to 0.25.
The grammage w of the transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric may be in the range of 5 to 60 g/m2, preferably in the range of 5 to 40 g/m2, more preferably in the range of 10 to 30 g/m2. The transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric has a thickness t of 10 to 110 μm, preferably 20 to 70 μm. The specific volume t/w (cm3/g) of the transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric obtained by dividing the thickness t by the grammage w is in the range of 2.0 to 3.5. Furthermore, the air permeability of the transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric is in the range of 5 to 250 cm3/cm2·s, preferably in the range of 10 to 70 cm3/cm2·s.
Note that description for components that may be similar with those in the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric will be omitted as appropriate below.
Next, an example of a method of manufacturing the transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric will described. The method of manufacturing the transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric includes the steps of: producing a nonwoven web including a plurality of filaments arranged and oriented in the transverse direction, and obtaining a transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric by uniaxially drawing the produced nonwoven web (that is, the plurality of filaments arranged and oriented in the transverse direction).
Specifically, the step of producing the nonwoven web includes: preparing a set of nozzles configured to extrude a plurality (large number) of filaments, a conveyor belt configured to collect and convey the filaments extruded from the set of nozzles, and an airstream vibrating means configured to vibrate a high-speed airstream directed to the filaments; extruding the plurality (large number) of filaments from the set of nozzles onto the conveyor belt; allowing the filaments extruded from the set of nozzles to accompany the high-speed airstream so as to reduce the filament diameter; and causing the airstream vibrating means to periodically vary the direction of the high-speed airstream in a direction orthogonal to the travel direction of the conveyor belt (that is, in the transverse direction). Through these steps, a nonwoven web including a plurality of filaments arranged and oriented in the direction orthogonal to the travel direction of the conveyor belt (that is, in the transverse direction) is produced in the step of producing the nonwoven web. In the step of obtaining the transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric, the nonwoven web produced in the step of producing the nonwoven web is uniaxially drawn in the transverse direction so as to obtain the transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric. The drawing ratio is in the range of 3 to 6.
First, at the upstream end of the manufacturing apparatus, a thermoplastic resin (a thermoplastic resin mainly containing a polyester or a polypropylene, in this example) is introduced into an extruder (not shown) and is melted and extruded by the extruder. Then, the extruded thermoplastic resin is passed to the meltblowing die 101.
The meltblowing die 101 has a large number of nozzles 103 at its distal end (lower end). The nozzles 103 are lined up in a direction orthogonal to the plane of
As is the case with the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric, the temperature of the high-speed airstream can be increased such that the temperature of the filaments 111 immediately after being extruded from the nozzles 103 is sufficiently higher than the melting point of the filaments 111, and this allows reduction of the diameter of the filaments 111.
The conveyor belt 107 is disposed below the meltblowing die 101. The conveyor belt 107 is wound around conveyor rollers and other rollers (neither is shown) configured to be rotated by a driver (not shown). By rotating the conveyor rollers to drive the conveyor belt 107 to move, the filaments 111 extruded from the nozzles 103, more specifically, a nonwoven web 120 formed of the filaments 111 accumulated on the conveyor belt 107, are conveyed in the near-to-far or far-to-near direction of
The airstream vibration mechanism 109 is provided at a predetermined location between the meltblowing die 101 and the conveyor belt 107, specifically, in (the vicinity of) a space through which a high-speed airstream flows. Here, the high-speed airstream is a combination of the high-pressure heated air flows that are jetted from the slits 106a, 106b. The airstream vibration mechanism 109 has an elliptical cylindrical portion having an elliptical cross section, and support shafts 109a extending from the opposite ends of the elliptical cylindrical portion. The airstream vibration mechanism 109 is disposed in parallel to the direction in which the filaments 111 (web 120) are conveyed by the conveyor belt 107. The airstream vibration mechanism 109 is configured such that the elliptical cylindrical portion rotates in the direction of arrow A as the support shafts 109a are rotated.
As with the airstream vibration mechanism 9 shown in
Assume here that L1 is the distance between the airstream axis 100 and the circumferential wall surface 109b provided when the circumferential wall surface 109b of the airstream vibration mechanism 109 comes closest to the axis 100 of the high-speed airstream. Assume also that L2 is the distance between the axis of each supporting shaft 109a of the airstream vibration mechanism 109 and the lower end surface of the meltblowing die 101, which constitutes substantially the same plane as the distal ends of the nozzles 103. Basically, the smaller L1 and L2 are, the larger the width S of the nonwoven web 120 is produced on the conveyor belt 107. However, if L1 were excessively small, there would possibly be problems such as the filaments 111 winding around the airstream vibration mechanism 109. Also, the length L2 is naturally limited by the size of the cross section of the airstream vibration mechanism 109 and the like. On the other hand, if L1 and L2 were too large, the filaments 111 would be less effectively vibrated by the circumferential wall surface 109b of the airstream vibration mechanism 109. Considering the above, L1 is preferably 30 mm or less, more preferably 15 mm or less, and most preferably 10 mm or less. L2 is preferably 80 mm or less, more preferably 55 mm or less, and most preferably 52 mm or less. Note, however, that it is necessary to dispose the airstream vibration mechanism 109 at a location ensuring that the filaments 111 do not go into the airstream vibration mechanism 109.
Furthermore, the vibration amplitude of the filaments 111 (width S of the nonwoven web 120) also depends on the speed of the high-speed airstream and the rotation speed of the airstream vibration mechanism 109. Assume here that vibrations of the circumferential wall surface 109b are represented by variations of the distance of the circumferential wall surface 109b and the airstream axis 100 caused by the rotation of the airstream vibration mechanism 109. Then, the circumferential wall surface 109b has a vibration frequency that maximizes the vibration amplitude of the filaments 111. If the peripheral wall surface 109b vibrated at a vibration frequency different from this maximizing vibration frequency, the vibration frequency of the circumferential wall surface 109b would not match the inherent vibration frequency of the high-speed airstream, and the vibration amplitude of the filaments 111 would be relatively small. Such a maximizing vibration frequency varies depending on the spinning conditions. For vibrating the filaments 111 spun by ordinary spinning means, the peripheral wall surface 109b preferably vibrated at a vibration frequency in the range of 5 Hz to 30 Hz (inclusive), more preferably in the range of 10 Hz to 20 Hz (inclusive), most preferably in the range of 12 Hz to 18 Hz (inclusive). The speed of the high-speed airstream is 10 m/sec or more, preferably 15 m/sec or more. If the speed of the high-speed airstream were less than the above, the airstream vibration mechanism 109 would fail to vibrate the filaments 111 satisfactorily.
It is desirable that the length of the airstream vibration mechanism 109 be greater than the width of the filament set to be spun by the meltblowing die 101 by 100 mm or more. If the length of the airstream vibration mechanism 109 were smaller than the above, the airstream vibration mechanism 109 would fail to sufficiently change the flow direction of the high-speed airstream at the opposite ends of the filament set, and thus, the filaments 111 would not be oriented satisfactorily in the transverse direction at the opposite ends of the filament set.
The nonwoven web 120 on the conveyor belt 107 is conveyed by the conveyor belt 107 in the near-to-far or far-to-near direction of
The spinning head 210 includes an air jet portion 206, and a cylindrical spinning nozzle portion 205 disposed in the interior of the air injection portion 206. A spinning nozzle 201 extending in the direction of gravity and opening to the lower end surface of the spinning nozzle portion 205 is formed through the spinning nozzle portion 205. The nozzle hole diameter Nz of the spinning nozzle 201 may be set as desired, and may be, for example, in the range of 0.1 to 0.7 mm. The spinning head 210 is disposed above the conveyor belt 219 so that the spinning nozzle 201 is positioned substantially at the center in the width direction of the conveyor belt 219. The molten resin is supplied to the spinning nozzle 201 from above by a gear pump (not shown) or the like, and the supplied molten resin passes through the spinning nozzle 201 and extruded downward from the lower open end of the spinning nozzle 201, so that filaments 211 are formed (spun).
The lower surface of the air jet portion 206 has a recess defined by two inclined surfaces 208a, 208b. The bottom surface of the recess constitutes a horizontal surface 207 orthogonal to the direction of gravity. One of the inclined surfaces 208a is located at one end of the horizontal surface 207 in the travel direction of the conveyor belt 219. The other inclined surface 208b is located at the other end of the horizontal surface 207 in the travel direction of the conveyor belt 219. The two inclined surfaces 208a, 208b are disposed symmetrically with respect to the plane orthogonal to the horizontal surface 207 and passing through the centerline of the spinning nozzle 201 so as to be inclined so that the distance between the inclined surfaces 208a, 208b gradually increases downward.
The lower end surface of the spinning nozzle portion 205 is disposed so as to protrude from the horizontal surface 207 in a center portion of the horizontal surface 207 of the air jet portion 206. The protrusion amount H of the lower end surface of the spinning nozzle portion 205 from the horizontal surface 207 may be set as desired, and may be, for example, in the range of 0.01 to 1 mm. An annular primary air slit 202 configured to jet high-temperature primary air is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the spinning nozzle portion 205 and the air jet portion 206. The outer diameter of the spinning nozzle portion 205, that is, the inner diameter d of the primary air slit 202 may be set as desired, and may be, for example, 2.5 to 6 mm. Although not shown, slit-shaped flow paths are formed in the interior of the spinning head 210 in order mainly to homogenize the speed and temperature of the primary air jetted from the primary air slit 202. At least some of the intervals between the slit-shaped flow paths are in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 mm. Through the slit-shaped flow paths, the high-temperature primary air is supplied to the primary air slit 202.
When the high-temperature primary air is supplied to the primary air slit 202 from above, the high-temperature primary air passes through the primary air slit 202, and is jetted downward at a high speed from the open end, close to the horizontal surface 207, of the primary air slit 202. As the primary air is jetted from the primary air slit 202 at a high speed, a reduced pressure is generated below the lower end surface of the spinning nozzle portion 205, and this reduced pressure vibrates the filaments 211 extruded from the spinning nozzle 201.
Furthermore, secondary air jet ports 204a, 204b configured to jet high-temperature secondary air are also formed in the air jet portion 206. The purpose of jetting the secondary air is to spread the filaments 211 vibrated by the primary air jetted from the primary air slit 202 and to orient the filaments 211 in one direction. Each of the secondary air jet ports 204a has an opening in the inclined surface 208a and extends inward in the air jet portion 206 in a direction orthogonal to the inclined surface 208a. Similarly, each of the secondary air jet ports 204b has an opening in the inclined surface 208b and extends inward in the air jet portion 206 in a direction orthogonal to the inclined surface 208b. The secondary air jet ports 204a, 204b are disposed symmetrically with respect to the plane orthogonal to the horizontal surface 207 and passing through the centerline of the spinning nozzle 201. The diameter r of the secondary air jet ports 204a, 204b may be set as desired, and may preferably be in the range of 1.5 to 5 mm. In this embodiment, the two secondary air jet ports 204a and two secondary air jet ports 204b are formed. However, the number of secondary air jet ports 204a, 204b is not limited thereto and may be set as desired.
The secondary air jet ports 204a, 204b are configured to jet the secondary air slightly downward from the horizontal direction. The secondary air jetted from the secondary air jet ports 204a and the secondary air jetted from the secondary air jet ports 204b collide with each other below the spinning nozzle 201 and spread in the width direction of the conveyor belt 219. As a result, the falling, vibrating filaments 211 spread in the width direction of the conveyor belt 219.
Furthermore, a plurality of small holes 203 are formed on the opposite sides across the spinning nozzle portion 205. Each small hole 203 has an opening in the horizontal surface 207 and extends in parallel to the spinning nozzle 201. The small holes 203 are lined up in a straight line orthogonal to the centerline of the spinning nozzle 201. The same number (three, in this example) of small holes 203 are formed on each of the opposite sides across the spinning nozzle portion 205, one of which is closer to the secondary air jet ports 204a and the other of which is closer to the secondary air jet ports 204b. The small holes 203 are configured to jet high-temperature air downward from the open ends in the horizontal surface 207, thereby contributing to stable spinning of the filaments 211. The diameter q of each small hole 203 may be set as desired, and may preferably be about 1 mm. The high-temperature air jetted from the small holes 203 may be introduced either from the source of the primary air to be jetted from the primary air slit 202, or from the source of the secondary air to be jetted from the secondary air jet ports 204a, 204b. Alternatively, high-temperature air other than the primary air and the secondary air may be supplied to the small holes 203.
Furthermore, a pair of cooling nozzles 220 is provided between the spinning head 210 and the conveyor belt 219. In this embodiment, one of the cooling nozzles 220 is disposed upstream of the filaments 211 spun from the spinning nozzle 201 in the travel direction of the conveyor belt 219. The other of the cooling nozzles 220 is disposed downstream of the filaments 211 spun from the spinning nozzle 201 in the travel direction of the conveyor belt 219. The cooling nozzles 220 spray water mist or the like onto the filaments 211 before the filaments 211 reach the conveyor belt 219, and thereby cool and solidify the filaments 211. The number and locations of the cooling nozzles 220 may be set as desired.
The solidified filaments 211 are collected on the conveyor belt 219 so as to be oriented in the width direction of the conveyor belt 219. Thereby, the nonwoven web 218 formed of the filaments 211 oriented in the width direction is produced on the conveyor belt 219.
The nonwoven web 218 produced on the conveyor belt 219 is conveyed by the conveyor belt 219 in the arrow direction of
As shown in
As described above, the average diameter of the filaments constituting the transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric thus manufactured is in the range of 1 to 4 μm (preferably 2 to 3 μm). The variation coefficient of the diameter distribution of the filaments constituting the transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric thus manufactured is in the range of 0.1 to 0.3. The transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric may be slightly elastic in the direction parallel to the filaments, that is, in the transverse direction which coincides with the axial direction and the drawing direction of the filaments. The tensile strength in the transverse direction of the transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric thus manufactured is 5 N/50 mm or more, preferably 10 N/50 mm or more, more preferably 20 N/50 mm or more.
A third embodiment of the nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application according to the present invention is an orthogonally oriented nonwoven fabric including a plurality of first drawn filaments arranged and oriented in one direction, and a plurality of second drawn filaments arranged and oriented in a direction orthogonal to the one direction. Such an orthogonally oriented nonwoven fabric is basically formed by: (1) stacking and fusing the longitudinally oriented filament woven fabric and the transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric together; (2) stacking and fusing two sheets of the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric together in an arrangement in which one of the sheets is rotated by 90° with respect to the other; or (3) stacking and fusing two sheets of the transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric together in an arrangement in which one of the sheets is rotated by 90° with respect to the other. However, the present invention is not limited to these. For example, such an orthogonally oriented nonwoven fabric may be formed by (4) stacking and fusing together the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric and a different transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric. This different transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric may have a basis weight substantially equal to that of the transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric according to the second embodiment and may be formed of filaments having an average diameter greater than that of the transversely oriented filament nonwoven fabric according to the second embodiment. The fusing method used herein is not particularly limited, and fusion is generally through thermal compression using an embossing roller or the like.
Hereinafter, the nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application according to the present invention will be described via examples. Note, however, that the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric was produced using the manufacturing apparatus shown in
A commercially available PET sound absorbing sheet (PET felt) was used as a porous sound absorbing material. The thickness of the PET felt was 10 mm and the basis weight of the PET felt was 230 g/m2.
Example 1 (“nonwoven fabric (5 g)”+“PET felt”) was prepared by disposing a longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric having a grammage of 5 g/m2 on a surface of the PET felt. Example 2 (“nonwoven fabric (10 g)”+“PET felt”) was prepared by disposing longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric having a grammage of 10 g/m2 on a surface of the PET felt. Example 3 (“nonwoven fabric (15 g)”+“PET felt”) was prepared by disposing longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric having a grammage of 15 g/m2 on a surface of the PET felt. Example 4 (“nonwoven fabric (20 g)”+“PET felt”) was prepared by disposing longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric having a grammage of 20 g/m2 on a surface of the PET felt. Example 5 (“nonwoven fabric (40 g)”+“PET felt”) was prepared by disposing longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric having a grammage of 40 g/m2 on a surface of the PET felt.
Comparative Example 1 (“PET felt” alone) was prepared as the PET felt alone. Comparative Example 2 (“nonwoven fabric” alone) was prepared as the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric alone. Note that it was confirmed that the sound absorption performance of the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric alone did not depend substantially on variations in grammage within the range of 5 to 60 g/m2. Reference Example 1 (“nonwoven fabric (20 g)”×3+“PET felt”) was prepared by disposing three sheets of the longitudinally oriented filament nonwoven fabric having a grammage of 20 g/m2 in a random fashion on a surface of the PET felt.
Using the normal incident sound absorption coefficient measurement system WinZacMTX manufactured by Nihon Onkyo Engineering Co., Ltd., the normal incident sound absorption coefficient was measured as specified in JIS A1405-2 for each of Examples 1 to 5, Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and Reference Example 1.
As shown in
Furthermore, as shown in
As described above, a nonwoven fabric (filament nonwoven fabric) which includes a plurality of drawn filaments arranged and oriented in one direction, and in which the mode value of the diameter distribution of the filaments is 1 to 4 μm is suitable as a component of a sound absorbing material. In particular, when laminated on a porous sound absorbing material, such nonwoven fabric constitutes a sound absorbing material with the porous sound absorbing material, and the resultant laminated sound absorbing material has significantly improved sound absorption performance as compared to the porous sound absorbing material alone.
A sound absorbing material containing the nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application according to the present invention may be used in a variety of applications. Example applications of the sound absorbing material containing the nonwoven fabric for sound absorbing application according to the present invention may include a sound absorbing material for an engine room and for an interior of an automobile, a sound absorbing protective material for automobiles, for household electrical appliances, and for various motors, etc., a sound absorbing material to be installed in walls, floors, ceilings, etc. of various buildings, a sound absorbing material for interior use in machine rooms etc., a sound absorbing material for various sound insulating walls, and/or a sound absorbing material for office equipment such as copiers and multifunction machines.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016-230410 | Nov 2016 | JP | national |
| 2017-154343 | Aug 2017 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2017/042683 | 11/28/2017 | WO | 00 |
