Patent Application
20230227706
The present application describes coolants with activity against corrosion of aluminium and aluminium alloys and improved storage stability, the corresponding coolant concentrates, and the use of such coolants.
In coolants inorganic silicates are widely known as inhibitors against corrosion of aluminium surfaces in cooling systems.
It is a disadvantage of such inorganic silicates and orthosilicates that their anticorrosive activity in coolants or coolant concentrates deteriorates during storage. Without wishing to be bound to a theory it is assumed that only monomeric and low oligomeric silicates, such as dimers, are active anticorrosive agents which loose activity on formation of polymeric silicates, presumably due to immobilisation and/or precipitation from the solution.
US 5643493 discloses corrosion inhibitor concentrates which are free of alcohol/glycol-based freezing depressant which comprise silicates and furthermore a stabilizer of the silicate against gelling, such a stabilizer may be silicon phosphonate without giving a chemical structure thereof.
No disclosure regarding the storage stability is given. Furthermore, the aqueous solutions according to US 5643493 are not coolants or coolant concentrates which serve as a basis for coolants but used as “supplemental coolant additives” which are added to coolants in use in order to neutralize degradation products accumulating in the system. Therefore, no problem with glycol-based coolants arise in such supplemental coolant additives.
WO 02/101848 discloses coolants comprising azole derivatives and orthosilicates for cooling of fuel-cell drives. Such orthosilicates (esters of orthosilicic acid) act as inhbitors against corrosion of aluminium surfaces with the advantage that they do not bear any ionic charge which makes them especially suitable for coolants with low electric conductivity.
Unpublished European Patent Application No. 20192954.4 filed on Aug. 26, 2020, discloses coolants comprising azole derivatives, esters of orthosilicic acid or alkoxy alkylsilanes, certain tertiary amines, monocarboxylic acids, and optionally at least one silicophosphonate for cooling systems of vehicles with electric engines, fuel cells or hybrid engines with a combination of combustion engines with electric engines or a combination of combustion engines with fuel cells.
In a corrosion test a composition with silicophosphonate exhibited less loss of silicon content from tetraethoxysilane during corrosion than without silicophosphonate.
This document is silent about inorganic silicates and storage stability of such coolants.
It was an object of the present invention to provide a process for increasing the storage stability of coolants and coolant concentrates with a good anti-corrosive activity for aluminium.
The problem was solved by the process according to Claim 1.
Another subject matter of the present invention are coolants, comprising
Such coolants exhibit both, a good anti-corrosion activity, especially against aluminium corrosion, as well as an increased storage stability by maintaining the concentration of the inorganic silicate (D) in the coolant during the storage on a level sufficient to be effective against aluminium corrosion.
Details to the constituents are as follows:
As alkylene glycol component or derivative thereof (A), it is possible to use, in particular, monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol and mixtures thereof, but also monopropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol and mixtures thereof, 1,3-propanediol, higher poly alkylene glycols, alkylene glycol ethers, for example monoethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether, monoethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monoethyl ether, monoethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, triethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether and tetraethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, or glycerol, in each case either alone or as mixtures thereof.
Water used for the coolants according to the present invention should be neutral with a pH value of about 7.
In case hard water is used hard water stabilizers can be added to the coolant, e.g. based on polyacrylic acid, polymaleic acid, acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylimidazole, vinylpyrrolidone-vinylimidazole copolymers and/or copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids and olefins.
Azole derivatives in the context of the present invention mean five-membered heterocyclic compounds having 2 or 3 heteroatoms from the group consisting of nitrogen and sulfur and comprise no or at most one sulfur atom and can bear an aromatic or saturated six-membered fused-on ring.
These five-membered heterocyclic compounds (azole derivatives) usually contain two N atoms and no S atom, 3 N atoms and no S atom or one N atom and one S atom as heteroatoms.
Preferred groups of the specified azole derivatives are annellated imidazoles and annellated 1,2,3-triazoles of the general formula
or
where
Typical and preferred examples of azole derivatives of the general formula (I) are benzimidazole (X = C-H, R = H), benzotriazoles (X = N, R = H) and tolutriazole (tolyltriazole) (X = N, R = CH3). A typical example of an azole derivative of the general formula (II) is hydrogenated 1,2,3-tolutriazole (tolyltriazole) (X = N, R = CH3).
A further preferred group of the specified azole derivatives is benzothiazoles of the general formula (III)
where
In a preferred embodiment it is also possible to use (2-benzothiazylthio)acetic acid (R′ ═ —S—CH2—COOH) or (2-benzothiazylthio) propionic acid (R′ = —S—CH2—CH2—COOH).
Further suitable azole derivatives are non-annellated azole derivatives of the general formula (IV)
where
For the purposes of the present invention, benzimidazole, benzotriazole, tolutriazole, hydrogenated tolutriazole, (2-benzothiazylthio)acetic acid or (2-benzothiazylthio) propionic acid or mixtures thereof, in particular benzotriazole or tolutriazole, are very particularly preferred as azole derivatives.
The azole derivatives mentioned are commercially available or can be prepared by conventional methods. Hydrogenated benzotriazoles such as hydrogenated tolutriazole are likewise obtainable as described in DE-A 1 948 794 and are also commercially available.
In the context of the present invention an inorganic silicate is a silicon compound consisting solely of elements selected from the group consisting of silicon, oxygen, hydrogen and metals from the main groups I, II, and III (IUPAC groups 1, 2, and 13) of the periodic table of the elements.
Preferred metals from the main group I are lithium, sodium, and potassium, more preferred sodium and potassium.
Preferred metals from the main group II are magnesium and calcium.
Preferred metals from the main group III are boron and aluminium.
More preferred metals are those from main group I and II, most preferably from main group I.
Especially preferred metals are sodium and potassium.
In a preferred embodiment the inorganic silicate (D) is selected from the group consisting of orthosilicates (SiO44-), metasilicates (SiO32-), and pyrosilicates (Si2O7,6-), more preferably is metasilicate (SiO32-), and most preferably is sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3) or potassium metasilicate (K2SiO3), especially sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3).
Compounds (D) are mainly used as inhibitors of aluminium corrosion.
The optional compound (E) is a tertiary amine, preferably a tertiary amine bearing at least one 2-hydroxyethyl- or 2-hydroxypropyl-group.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention no tertiary amines (E) are present in the coolant.
Preferred tertiary amines (E) bear at least one 2-hydroxyethyl- or 2-hydroxypropyl-group. Potential tertiary amines (E) may bear one, two or three 2-hydroxyethyl- or 2-hydroxypropyl-groups, preferably two or three 2-hydroxyethyl- or 2-hydroxypropyl-groups and more preferably 2-hydroxyethyl-groups.
The substituents of the tertiary amine (E) not being a 2-hydroxyethyl- or 2-hydroxypropyl-group may be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic groups with up to 20 carbon atoms, preferably with up to 18, more preferably with up to 16, even more preferably with up to 14, and especially up to 12 carbon atoms.
These substituents are preferably aliphatic or aromatic and more preferably aliphatic.
Aromatic substituents can be e.g. phenyl, tolyl or naphthyl.
Aliphatic substituents may be linear or branched, preferred are linear alkyl substituents comprising 1 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 16, more preferably 4 to 14, and especially 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
In the compounds (E) the substituent is preferably derived from fatty amines which are preferably obtainable by hydrogenation and amination of fatty acids and esters, particularly preferably by hydrogenation and amination of 2-ethylhexanoic acid, octanoic acid (caprylic acid), pelargonic acid (nonanoic acid), 2-propylheptanoic acid, decanoic acid (capric acid), undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid (lauric acid), tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid), pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), palmitoleic acid [(9Z)-hexadec-9-enoic acid], margaric acid (heptadecanoic acid), stearic acid (octadecanoic acid), oleic acid [(9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid], elaidic acid [(9E)-octadec-9-enoic acid], linoleic acid [(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid], linolenic acid [(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid], eleostearic acid [(9Z,11E,13E)-octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid], ricinoleic acid ((R)-12-hydroxy-(Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid), isoricinoleic acid [(S)-9-hydroxy-(Z)-octadec-12-enoic acid], nonadecanoic acid, arachidic acid (eicosanoic acid), behenic acid (docosanoic acid) and erucic acid [(13Z)-docos-13-enoic acid].
Examples for tertiary amines (E) bearing one 2-hydroxyethyl- or 2-hydroxypropyl-group and two other substituents are those of the general formula (I)
where
Preferred individuals are dimethyl ethanolamine, dimethyl propanolamine, diethyl ethanolamine, diethyl propanolamine, di-n-butyl ethanolamine, di-n-butyl propanolamine, N-hydroxyethyl pyrrolidine, N-hydroxyethyl piperidine, and N-hydroxyethyl morpholine.
Examples for tertiary amines (E) bearing two 2-hydroxyethyl- or 2-hydroxypropyl-groups and one other substituent are of the general formula (II)
where
Preferred individuals are the bis(2-hydroxyethyl) amines or bis(2-hydroxypropyl) amines bearing as substituent R4 n-hexylamine, 2-methylpentylamine, n-heptylamine, 2-heptylamine, isoheptylamine, 1-methylhexylamine, n-octylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, 2-aminooctane, 6-methyl-2-heptylamine, n-nonylamine, isononylamine, n-decylamine and 2-propylheptylamine or mixtures thereof.
Particular preference is given to bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-substituted n-hexylamine, n-octylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine and n-decylamine, with n-octylamine and 2-ethylhexylamine, in particular bis(2-hydroxyethyl) n-octylamine, being particularly preferred.
These compounds are preferably obtainable by reacting the corresponding amines R4—NH2 with alkylene oxides to the desired average statistical degree of alkoxylation, preferably under basic conditions. This is particularly preferred when the structural unit Xi is derived from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, preferably from ethylene oxide.
Examples for tertiary amines (E) bearing three 2-hydroxyethyl- or 2-hydroxypropyl-groups are triethanolamine and tripropanolamine, preferably triethanolamine.
Preferred amines (E) are dimethyl ethanolamine, dimethyl propanolamine, diethyl ethanolamine, di-n-butyl ethanolamine, N-hydroxyethyl morpholine, bis(2-hydroxyethyl) n-hexylamine, bis(2-hydroxyethyl) n-octylamine, bis(2-hydroxyethyl) 2-ethylhexylamine, bis(2-hydroxyethyl) n-decylamine, and triethanolamine.
The carboxylic acid (F) is preferably a monoarboxylic acid (F1) or a dicarboxylic acid (F2). Higher carboxylic acids are also possible but are less preferred. Preferably no carboxylic acid with a functionality of higher than two is present in the coolant according to the invention.
The carboxylic acids may be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic, preferably aliphatic or aromatic, and most preferably aliphatic.
In a preferred embodiment the coolant according to the invention comprises at least one aliphatic monocarboxylic acid (F1).
In another preferred embodiment the coolant according to the invention comprises at least one aliphatic dicarboxylic acid (F2).
In another preferred embodiment the coolant according to the invention comprises mixtures of at least one aliphatic monocarboxylic acid (F1) and at least one aliphatic dicarboxylic acid (F2).
Suitable monocarboxylic acids (F1) may be linear or branched-chain, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic monocarboxylic acids with up to 20 carbon atoms, preferably with from 2 to 18, more preferably with from 5 to 16, even more preferably with from 5 to 14, most preferably with from 6 to 12, and especially with from 8 to 10 carbon atoms.
Branched-chain aliphatic monocarboxylic acids are preferred over the corresponding linear monocarboxylic acids.
Useful linear or branched-chain, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic monocarboxylic acids (F1) are, for example, propionic acid, pentanoic acid, 2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid, hexanoic acid, 2,2-dimethylbutaneoic acid, cyclohexyl acetic acid, octanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, nonanoic acid, isononanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid or dodecanoic acid.
A suitable aromatic monocarboxylic acid (F1) is in particular benzoic acid; additionally useful are also, for example, C1- to C8-alkylbenzoic acids such as o-, m-, p-methylbenzoic acid or p-tert-butylbenzoic acid, and hydroxyl-containing aromatic monocarboxylic acids such as o-, m- or p-hydroxybenzoic acid, o-, m- or p-(hydroxymethyl)benzoic acid or halobenzoic acids such as o-, m- or p-fluorobenzoic acid.
Especially preferred are 2-ethylhexanoic acid and isononanoic acid.
As used herein, isononanoic acid refers to one or more branched-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids with 9 carbon atoms. Embodiments of isononanoic acid used in the engine coolant composition may include 7-methyloctanoic acid (e.g., CAS Nos. 693-19-6 and 26896-18-4), 6,6-dimethylheptanoic acid (e.g., CAS No. 15898-92-7), 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid (e.g., CAS No. 3302-10-1), 3,4,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid (e.g., CAS No. 3302-12-3) and combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment, isononanoic acid has as its main component greater than 90% of one of 7-methyloctanoic acid, 6,6-dimethylheptanoic acid, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, 3,4,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, and 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentanoic acid. The balance of the isononanoic acid may include other nine carbon carboxylic acid isomers and minor amounts of one or more contaminants. In a preferred embodiment, the isononanoic acid has as its main component greater than 90% of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and even more preferably, the main component is greater than 95% 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid.
Preferred dicarboxylic acids (F2) as carboxylic acids (F) are linear or branched dicarboxylic acids (F2), preferably linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, more preferably with 5 to 14 carbon atoms, most preferably from 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
If used, examples of dicarboxylic acids are oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, alkyl or alkenyl succinic acids, 2-metylbutane dioic acid, 2-ethylpentanedioic acid, 2-n-dodecylbutanedioic acid, 2-n-dodecenylbutanedioic acid, 2-phenylbutanedioic acid, 2-(p-methylphenyl) butanedioic acid, 2,2-dimethylbutanedioic acid, 2,3-dimethylbutanedioic acid; 2,3,4 trimethylpentanedioic acid, 2,2,3-trimethylpentanedioic acid; 2-ethyl-3-methylbutanedioic maleic acid, fumaric acid, pent-2-enedioic acid, hex-2-enedioic acid; hex-3-endioic acid; 5-methylhex-2-enedioic acid; 2,3-dimethylpent-2-enedioic acid; 2-methylbut-2-enedioic acid, 2-dodecylbut-2-enedioic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid and substituted phthalic acids such as 3-methylbenzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid; 4-phenylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid; 2-(1-propenyl) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, and 3,4-dimethylbenzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.
Among those the aliphatic dicarboxylic acids are preferred, more preferred are the dicarboxylic acids with from 6 to 12 carbon atoms and most preferred is the dicarboxylic acid (F2) selected from the group consisting of adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, and dodecanedioic acid.
It is possible, however disadvantageous, to use carboxylic acids with a higher functionality than 2, e.g. tricarboxylic acids, in addition to or instead of the carboxylic acids (F1) or (F2).
If used, di- or tricarboxylic acids can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic, preferably aliphatic or aromatic and more preferably aliphatic with up to 20 carbon atoms, preferably with up to 18, more preferably with up to 16, even more preferably with up to 14, and especially up to 12 carbon atoms.
If used, examples of tricarboxylic acids are benzene tricarboxylic acids (all isomers) and triazinetriiminocarboxylic acids such as 6,6′,6″-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyltriimino)trihexanoic acid.
According to the invention at least one silicophosphonate (G) is used in the coolant.
Silicophosphonates are those of the general structure (V)
where
Such silicophosphonates may exist as free phosphonate acid or in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, preferably sodium or potassium salt, more preferably as sodium salt.
In a preferred embodiment the at least one silicate (D) and at least one silicophosphonate (G) are applied as a mixture of components (D) and (G) to the coolant or coolant concentrate, e.g. in a weight ratio (D) : (G) of 1 : 2 to 10 : 1, preferably 1 : 1 to 5 : 1 and more preferably 2 : 1 to 4 : 1. Such a mixture may be used as a formulation in water (B) and/or glycol (A) for better application.
It is further possible to add further typical coolant additives to the coolants of the present invention.
As further customary assistants, the inventive coolant may also comprise, in customary small amounts, defoamers (generally in amounts of from 0.003 to 0.008% by weight) and, for reasons of hygiene and safety in the event that it is swallowed, bitter substances (for example of the denatonium benzoate type) and dyes.
Typically, the coolants according to the invention are composed as follows:
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention no tertiary amines (E) are present in the coolant.
A further embodiment of the present invention are coolant concentrates. Coolants usually are obtained from coolant concentrates by dilution with water (B). Hence, the coolant concentrates usually contain little or no water (B).
Typically, the coolant concentrates according to the invention are composed as follows:
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention no tertiary amines (E) are present in the coolant concentrate.
A further embodiment of the present invention are coolant super concentrates. Coolant concentrates usually are obtained from coolant super concentrates by dilution with the glycol (A), respectively coolants may be obtained from coolant super concentrates by dilution with the glycol (A) and water (B). Hence, the coolant concentrates usually contain little or no water (B) and little or no glycol (A).
Typically, the coolant super concentrates according to the invention are composed as follows:
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention no tertiary amines (E) are present in the coolant super concentrate.
The invention is illustrated in the following examples, but without it being restricted thereto.
Coolant concentrate compositions were prepared by mixing the constituents as listed in Table 1 (all amounts given in weight% unless stated otherwise) and the features and physical parameters as pointed out in Table 1 were determined as follows:
Exemplaric coolant concentrates were formulated as follows and the silicon content was measured by ICP-OES after 25 weeks of storage at room temperature.
It can easily be seen that the silicon content of all samples decreased during storage over 25 weeks. However, the samples of Examples 1 and 3 comprising a mixture of silicophosphonate and sodium metasilicate exhibited a higher silicon content after storage than the comparative formulations of Examples 2 and 4 comprising sodium metasilicate without the presence of silicophosphonate.
The coolant compositions of Examples 1 to 4 were compared in corrosion tests according to ASTM D 1384 at 88° C. and the results (weight change, mg/cm2) are given in Table 2.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20192954.4 | Aug 2020 | EP | regional |
| 20213979.6 | Dec 2020 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2021/073351 | 8/24/2021 | WO |
