Novel derivatives of flavones, xanthones and coumarins

Abstract

A marked up versions of the abstract showing insertions and deletions are included in Appendix A.

Description

IN THE SPECIFICATION

[0001] Marked up versions of all revised paragraphs showing insertions and deletions are included in Appendix B.

[0002] Please add the following paragraph after the title.

[0003] 1 Field of The Invention

[0004] The invention relates to a class of compounds which have a structure related to naturally and synthetically occurring flavanoids and to pharmaceutical uses of the compounds. Replace the paragraph starting at page 1, line 3 with the following text:

[0005] 1 Technical Field

[0006] The development of multiple drug resistance represents an increasing problem in cancer treatment. Within the past decade several mechanisms of drug resistance of tumor cells have been identified. One type of multiple resistance (MDR) has been shown to be mediated by an energy dependent, membrane-bound efflux pump termed P-glycoprotein (PGP) (Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 455, 152, 1976). PGP represents a member of the ATP-binding cassette with low substrate specificity (Nature, 323, 448, 1986). A broad range of cytostatic drugs such as anthracyclines, epipodyphyllotoxins, actinomycin D, vinca alkaloids, colchicines and taxol are eliminated via PGP-mediate efflux. Within the past few years a variety of substances have been shown to inhibit PGP-mediated drug efflux and thereby re-establish sensitivity toward chemotherapeutic agents (Pharmacol, Rev. 42, 155, 1990). These include ion channel

[0007] The development of multiple drug resistance represents an increasing problem in cancer treatment. Within the past decade several mechanisms of drug resistance of tumor cells have been identified. One type of multiple resistance (MDR) has been shown to be mediated by an energy dependent, membrane-bound efflux pump termed P-lycoprotein (PGP) (Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 455, 152, 1976). PGP represents a member of the ATP-binding cassette with low substrate specificity (Nature, 323, 448, 1986). A broad range of cytostatic drugs such as anthracyclines, epipodophyllotoxins, actinomycin D, vinca alkaloids, colchicines and taxol are eliminated via PGP-mediated efflux. Within the past few years a variety of substances have been shown to inhibit PGP-mediated drug efflux and thereby re-establish sensitivity toward chemotherapeutic agents (Pharmacol. Rev. 42, 155, 1990). These include ion channel blockers such as verapamil (Cancer Res 41, 1967, 1981), amiodarone (Cancer Res 46 825, 1986), propafenone (Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 34, 321, 1993), dihydropyridines (Cancer Res. 43, 2267, 1983) phenothiazines (Mol. Pharmacol 35 105, 1989). Preliminary results obtained in clinical studies clearly demonstrate that modulation of MDR might be a successful approach in haematological malignancies, but serious side effects (cardiac effects, immuno-suppresion and nephrotoxicity) often preclude optimal dosage of modulators (Cancer 72, 3553, 1993). Therefore, specifically designed highly active modulators with limited side effects are urgently required.

[0008] The present invention relates to a novel class of compounds which have structures related to certain naturally occurring and synthetic flavonoids and to pharmaceutical uses thereof.

[0009] Thus according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a compound of Formula (I):

Z—OCH2—C≡CCH2NRR1  (I)

[0010] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof wherein:

[0011] R and R1 are the same or different and each represents

[0012] lower C1-6 alkyl, or a carbocyclic group containing from 5 to 10 ring atoms, said ring atoms forming one or two rings wherein the or each ring contains 5 or 6 ring atoms, or

[0013] R and R1 taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a four- to eight-membered heterocyclic ring which may contain one or more additional heteroatoms selected from N, O or S, said heterocyclic ring being optionally substituted with a lower C1-4 alkyl group or a benzyl group;

[0014] Z represents: 2

[0015] wherein

[0016] R2 and R3 are each independently selected from:

[0017] (i) hydrogen, (ii) a substituted or unsubstituted, preferably aromatic, carbocydic or heterocyclic group containing from 5 to 10 ring atoms, said ring atoms forming one or two rings wherein the or each ring contains 5 or 6 ring atoms, any heteroatoms being selected from N, O and S, any substituents being independently selected from the group consisting of

[0018] (a) Cl, (b) Br, (c) F, (d) OH, (e) NO2, (f) CF3, (g) C1-4 lower alkyl (in particular CH3), (h) SCH3, (i) NHCOCH3, (j) N(R6)(R8) wherein R6 and R8, are the same or different and each represents H or lower C1-4 alkyl, (k) OR10 wherein R10 represents H or lower C1-6 alkyl which may be saturated or unsaturated and being unsubstituted or substituted with the group NRR1 wherein R and R1 is as defined above, and (I) OCOR11 wherein R11 represents H or lower C1-4 alkyl,

[0019] (iii) Cl, (iv) Br, (v) F, (vi) OH, (vii) NO2, (viii) a saturated or unsaturated lower C1-6 straight or branched hydrocarbyl group which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from Cl, Br, F, OMe, NO2 and CF3, (ix) NHCOCH3, (x) N(R6)(R8), (xi) SR10, (xii) OR10, and (xiii) OCOR11 wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are as defined above;

[0020] or

[0021] R2 and R3 taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 5 or 6 ring atoms, any heteroatom being selected from N, O or S, said carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring being saturated or unsaturated, and being unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from Cl, Br, F, OH, NO2, CF3, C1-4 lower alky, SCH3, NHCOCH3, N(R6)(R8), OR10 and OCOR11 wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are as defined above; and

[0022] R4 represents hydrogen, or OR10 wherein R10 is as defined above

[0023] or 3

[0024] wherein R5 represents hydrogen or a lower C1-6 straight or branched hydrocarbyl group which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from Cl, Br, F, OMe, NO2 and CF3.

[0025] Thus in one aspect the invention provides compounds having the structure (IA′): 4

[0026] wherein

[0027] R2 and R3 are each independently selected from:

[0028] (i) hydrogen, (ii) a substituted or unsubstituted, preferably aromatic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic group containing from 5 to 10 ring atoms, said ring atoms forming one or two rings, wherein the or each ring contains 5 or 6 ring atoms, any heteroatoms being selected from N, O and S, any substituents being independently selected from the group consisting of:

[0029] Cl, Br, F, OH, NO2, CF3, C1-4 lower alkyl (in particular CH3), SCH3, NHCOCH3, N(R6)(R8), OR10 and OCOR11, wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are the same or different and each represents H or lower C1-4 alkyl,

[0030] (iii) Cl, (iv) Br, (v) F, (vi) OH, (vii) NO2, (viii) a saturated or unsaturated lower C1-6 straight or branched hydrocarbyl group which.may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from Cl, Br, F, OMe, NO2 and CF3, (ix) NHCOCH3, (x) N(R6)(R8), (xi) SR10, (xii) OR10, and (xiii) OCOR11 wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are as defined above;

[0031] or

[0032] R2 and R3 taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 5 or 6 ring atoms, any heteroatom being selected from N, O or S, said carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring being saturated or unsaturated, and being unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from Cl, Br, F, OH, NO2, CF3, C1-4 lower alkyl, SCH3, NHCOCH3, N(R6)(R8), OR10 and OCOR11, wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are as defined above; and

[0033] R4 represents hydrogen, or OR10 wherein R10 is as defined above.

[0034] A preferred group of compounds are those wherein R, R1 and R4 are as defined for Formula (IA′) above, and

[0035] R2 and R3 are each independently selected from:

[0036] (i) hydrogen, (ii) a substituted or unsubstituted, preferably aromatic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic group containing from 5 to 10 ring atoms, said ring atoms forming one or two rings, wherein the or each ring contains 5 or 6 ring atoms, any heteroatoms being selected from N, O and S, any substituents being independently selected from the group consisting of:

[0037] (a) Cl, (b) Br, (c) F, (d) OH, (e) NO2, (f) CF3, (g) C1-4 lower alkyl (in particular CH3), (h) SCH3, (i) NHCOCH3, (j) N(R6)(R8) wherein R6 and R8, are the same or different and each represents H or lower C1-4 alkyl, (k) OR10 wherein R10 represents H or lower C1-6 alkyl which may be saturated or unsaturated and being unsubstituted or substituted with the group NRR1 wherein R and R1 is as defined above, and (I) OCOR11 wherein R11 represents H or lower C1-4 alkyl,

[0038] (iii) Cl, (iv) Br, (v) F, (vi) OH, (vii) NO2, (viii) a saturated or unsaturated lower C1-6 straight or branched hydrocarbyl group which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from Cl, Br, F, OMe, NO2 and CF3, (ix) NHCOCH3, (x) N(R6)(R8), (xi) SR10, (xii) OR10, and (xiii) OCOR11 wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are as defined for Formula (I).

[0039] Within this group, R2 and R3 can both represent hydrogen. A further preferred group of compounds are those wherein one of R1 or R2 is hydrogen, and the other is selected from the group consisting of: (i) a substituted or unsubstituted, preferably aromatic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic group containing from 5 to 10 ring atoms, said ring atoms forming one or two rings, wherein the or each ring contains 5 or 6 ring atoms, any heteroatoms being selected from N, O and S, any substituents being independently selected from the group consisting of:

[0040] Cl, Br, F, OH, NO2, CF3, C1-4 lower alkyl (in particular CH3), SCH3, NHCOCH3, N(R6)(R8), OR10 and OCOR11, wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are the same or different and each represents H or lower C1-4 alkyl,

[0041] (ii) Cl, (iii) Br, (iv) F, (v) OH, (vi) NO2, (vii) a saturated or unsaturated lower C1-6 straight or branched hydrocarbyl group which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from Cl, Br, F, OMe, NO2 and CF3, (viii) NHCOCH3, (ix) N(R6)(R8), (x) SR10, (xi) OR10, and (xii) OCOR11 wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are as defined for Formula (I).

[0042] Within this preferred group of compounds, a further preferred group of compounds are those wherein R2 hydrogen and R3 is selected from the group consisting of: (i) a substituted or unsubstituted, preferably aromatic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic group containing from 5 to 10 ring atoms, said ring atoms forming one or two rings, wherein the or each ring contains 5 or 6 ring atoms, any heteroatoms being selected from N, O and S, any substituents being independently selected from the group consisting of:

[0043] Cl, Br, F, OH, NO2, CF3, C1-4 lower alkyl (in particular CH3), SCH3, NHCOCH3, N(R6)(R8), OR10 and OCOR11, wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are the same or different and each represents H or lower C1-4 alkyl,

[0044] (ii) Cl, (iii) Br, (iv) F, (v) OH, (vi) NO2, (vii) a saturated or unsaturated lower C1-6 straight or branched hydrocarbyl group which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from Cl, Br, F, OMe, NO2 and CF3, (viii) NHCOCH3, (ix) N(R6)(R8), (x) SR10, (xi) OR10, and (xii) OCOR11 wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are as defined for Formula (I).

[0045] A further preferred group of compounds are those wherein R3 is hydrogen and R2 is selected from the group consisting of: (i) a substituted or unsubstituted, preferably aromatic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic group containing from 5 to 10 ring atoms, said ring atoms forming one or two rings, wherein the or each ring contains 5 or 6 ring atoms, any heteroatoms being selected from N, O and S, any substituents being independently selected from the group consisting of.

[0046] Cl, Br, F, OH, NO2, CF3, C1-4 lower alkyl (in particular CH3), SCH3, NHCOCH3, N(R6)(R8), OR10 and OCOR11, wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are the same or different and each represents H or lower C1-4 alkyl,

[0047] (ii) Cl, (iii) Br, (iv) F, (v) OH, (vi) NO2, (vii) a saturated or unsaturated lower C1-6 straight or branched hydrocarbyl group which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from Cl, Br, F, OMe, NO2 and CF3, (viii) NHCOCH3, (ix) N(R6)(R8), (x) SR10, (xi) OR10, and (xii) OCOR11 wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are as defined for Formula (I).

[0048] A further preferred embodiment of the present invention are compounds wherein R2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted, preferably aromatic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic group containing from 5 to 10 ring atoms, said ring atoms forming one or two rings, wherein the or each ring contains 5 or 6 ring atoms, any heteroatoms being selected from N, O and S, any substituents being independently selected from the group consisting of: Cl, Br, F, OH, NO2, CF3, C1-4 lower alkyl (in particular CH3), SCH3, NHCOCH3, N(R6)(R8), OR10 and OCOR11, wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are as defined as for Formula (I). For these compounds, R3 is preferably selected from the group consisting of H, Cl, Br, F, OH, NO2, a saturated or unsaturated lower C1-6 straight or branched hydrocarbyl group which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from

[0049] Cl, Br, F, OMe, NO2 and CF3,

[0050] NHCOCH3, N(R6)(R8), SR10, OR10, and OCOR11 wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are as defined for Formula (I).

[0051] Alternatively compound R3 may represent a substituted or unsubstituted, preferably aromatic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic group containing from 5 to 10 ring atoms, said ring atoms forming one or two rings, wherein the or each ring contains 5 or 6 ring atoms, any heteroatoms being selected from N, O and S, any substituents being independently selected from the group consisting of:

[0052] Cl, Br, F, OH, NO2, CF3, C1-4 lower alkyl (in particular CH3), SCH3, NHCOCH3, N(R6)(R8), OR10 and OCOR11, wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are as defined for Formula (I).

[0053] For these compounds, R2 is preferably selected from the group consisting of H, Cl, Br, F, OH, NO2, a saturated or unsaturated lower C1-6 straight or branched hydrocarbyl group which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from

[0054] Cl, Br, F, OMe, NO2 and CF3,

[0055] NHCOCH3, N(R6)(R8), SR10, OR10, and OCOR11 wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are as defined for Formula (I).

[0056] Where R2 and/or R3 represents a substituted carbocyclic or heterocyclic group, the substituents on the carbocyclic or heterocyclic group are preferably selected from OH or OR10 wherein R10 is as defined for Formula (I).

[0057] A particularly preferred carbocyclic group is phenyl or phenyl substituted with 1 to 3 OH or OR10 groups. For these compounds, R10 preferably represents methyl or 5

[0058] Also preferred are compounds wherein one of R2 or R3 represents H or a lower C1-6 straight or branched hydrocarbyl group, with methyl being especially preferred.

[0059] The invention also provides a compound of Formula (I) having the structure (IA″): 6

[0060] wherein R, R1 and R4 are as defined as for Formula (I), and R2 and R3 taken together represent Ring Q, said Ring Q being a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having 5 or 6 ring atoms, any heteroatom being selected from N, O or S, said carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring being saturated or unsaturated and being unsubstituted or substituted With one or more substituents selected from Cl, Br, F, OH, NO2, CF3; C1-4 lower alkyl, SCH3, NHCOCH3, N(R6)(R8), OR10 and OCOR11, wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are as defined as for Formula (I).

[0061] For these compounds Ring Q preferably represents a carbocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic ring, any heteroatom being selected from N, O or S, said ring being unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from Cl, Br, F, OH, NO2, CF3, C1-4 lower alkyl, SCH3, NHCOCH3, N(R6)(R8), OR10 and OCOR11, wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are as defined as in Formula (I). Particularly preferred are those compounds wherein Ring Q represents a benzene or pyridine ring.

[0062] The substituent Z may be attached to any position in the aromatic ring. Thus the compounds of Formula (IA′) or (IA″) described above include compounds having the structures (IA)x, (IA)y and (IA)z: 7

[0063] wherein R, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined above.

[0064] For the compounds of Formula (IA′) or (IA″) described above, R4 preferably represents H, OH or OCH3.

[0065] The invention further provides compounds of Formula (I) having the structure (IB): 8

[0066] wherein R and R1 are as defined for Formula (I) and R5 represents H or a lower C1-6 straight or branched hydrocarbyl group which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from Cl, Br, F, OMe, NO2 and CF3. In a preferred embodiment, R5 represents H or methyl.

[0067] For the compounds of Formula (IB) described above, the substituent Z may be attached to any position in the aromatic ring. Thus the compounds of Formula (IB) described above include compounds having the structures (IB)w, (IB)x, (IB)y and (IB)z: 9

[0068] wherein R, R1 and R5 are as defined for Formula (I).

[0069] For the compounds of Formulae (I), (IA′), (IA″) or (IB), the substituent R and R1 are the same or different and preferably each represents a C1-4 alkyl group or a C5-8 cycloalkyl group. Within this group of compounds, R and R1 are preferably independently selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, cyclopropyl or a cyclohexyl group.

[0070] In a preferred group of compounds, the R and R1 groups taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a four- to eight-membered heterocyclic ring. Of these, it is preferred that R and R1 taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, N-methylpiperazine, N-benzylpiperazine or a morpholine group.

[0071] It will be appreciated that the compounds of Formula (I) contain a basic amino function and thus may be converted to acid addition salts, with pharmacologically acceptable acids, e.g. hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid. Such salts are also included in the present invention.

[0072] The compounds of Formula (I) may be conveniently prepared by a process comprising the steps of:

[0073] (i) reacting a hydroxy derivative, Z—OH, with propargyl bromide to form an alkyne, Z—OCH2C≡H; and

[0074] (ii) reacting the alkyne Z—OCH2C≡H with an amine HNRR1. Such a process forms a further aspect of the present invention.

[0075] The invention further provides a compound of Formula (I) as defined above for use as a modulator of multiple drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy or an antiproliferative medicament, In particular, the compounds of Formula (I) are especially useful for the modulation of multiple drug resistance mediated by P-glycoprotein.

[0076] The compounds of Formula (I) as defined above may also be useful for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of neoplasms, particularly those located in the uterus, ovary or breast. Further the compounds Formula (I) may be especially useful for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of paclitaxel- and docetaxel-resistant cancer cells.

[0077] The compounds of Formula (I) may also advantageously be used as an antiproliferative medicament in combination therapies involving the combined use of a compound of Formula (I) with one or more anti-neoplastic or cytostatic agents, such as paclitaxel or docetaxel. The combination therapy may involve simultaneous or successive administration of a compound of Formula (I) with one or more antineoplastic or cytostatic agents, including anthracyclines, epipodophyllotoxins, actinomycin D, vinca alkaloids, colchicines, paclitaxel or docetaxel. Such combination therapy forms a further aspect of the invention.

[0078] The compounds of the invention may also be useful in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of menopausal disorders and osteoporosis.

[0079] The invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising one of more of the compounds of Formula (I) in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. Such a composition may also comprise one or more antineoplastic or cytostatic agents, such as paclitaxel or docetaxel.

[0080] The invention will now be described by way of illustrative examples and with reference to the accompanying formulae drawings.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

General Conditions to Obtain the Propynyloxy Derivatives

[0081] 10

[0082] A mixture of hydroxy derivative (0.01 mol), K2CO3 (0.02 mol), Kl (0.01 mol), propargyl bromide (0.015 mol) and acetone (100 mL) was refluxed 10 h and hot filtered. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was crystallized with a suitable solvent.

Example 2

Preparation of 7-propynyloxy-4-methoxyisoflavone

[0083] A mixture of 7-hydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone (2.68 g, 0.01 mol), K2CO3 (2.8 g, 0.02 mol), Kl (0.166 g, 0.001 mol), propargyl bromide (1.78 g, 0.015 mol) and acetone (100 mL) was refluxed 10 h and hot filtered. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was crystallized by toluene. This yields 2.75 g of a product with the following characterstics: m.p.145-146° C.; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.6 (m, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 4.8 (s, 2H), 6.93-8.27 (m, 8H).

Example 3

Preparation of 7-propynyloxyisoflavone

[0084] A mixture of 7-hydroxyisoflavone (2.38 g, 0.01 mol), K2CO3 (2.8 g, 0.02 mol), Kl (0.166 9, 0.001 mol), propargyl bromide (1.78 g, 0.015 mol) and acetone (100 mL was refluxed 10 h and hot filtered. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was crystallized by toluene. This yields 2.1 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p. 130-131° C.; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.6 (m, 1H), 4.8 (s, 2H), 6.99-8.28 (m, 7H).

Example 4

Preparation of 7-propynyloxy-2-methyl-4′-methoxyisoflavone

[0085] A mixture of 7-hydroxy-2-methyl-4′-methoxyisoflavone (2.82 g, 0.01 mol), K2CO3 (2.8 g, 0.02 mol), Kl (0.166 g, 0.001 mol), propargyl bromide (1.78 g, 0.015 mol) and acetone (100 mL) was refluxed 10 h and hot filtered. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was crystallized by toluene. This yields 2.24 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p. 139-140° C.; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.6 (m, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 4.75 (s, 2H), 6.93-8.17 (m, 7H).

Example 5

Preparation of 7-propynyloxy-5-hydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone

[0086] A mixture of 5,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone (2.84 g, 0.01 mol), K2CO3 (2.8 g, 0.02 mol), Kl (0.166 g, 0.001 mol), propargyl bromide (1.78 g 0.015 mol) and acetone (100 mL) was refluxed 10 h and hot filtered. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was crystallized by toluene. This yields 2.25 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p. 174-176° C.; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.6 (m, 1H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 4.8 (s, 2H), 647-7.91 (m, 7H), 12.90 (s, 1H).

Example 6

Preparation of 7,4′-dipropynyloxyisoflavone

[0087] A mixture of 5,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone (2.54 g, 0.01 mol), K2CO3 (2.8 g, 0.02 mol), Kl (0.166 g, 0.001 mol), propargyl bromide (1.72 g, 0.015 mol) and acetone (100 mL) was refluxed 10 h and hot filtered. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was crystallized by toluene. This yields 2.31 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p. 162-163° C.; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.44 (m, 1H, CH), 2.57 (m, 1H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 6.85-8.08 (m, 8H).

Example 7

Preparation of 1-propynyloxyxanthen-9-one

[0088] A mixture of 3-hydroxyanthen-9-one (2.12 g, 0.01 mol), K2CO3 (2.8 g, 0.02 mol), Kl (0.166 g, 0.001 mol), propargyl bromide (1.78 g, 0.015 mol) and acetone (100 mL) was refluxed 10 h and hot filtered. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was crystallized by toluene. This yields 2.0 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p. 168-169° C.; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.56 (m, 1H), 4.94 (s, 2H), 6.95-8.33 (m, 7H).

Example 8

Preparation of 2-propynyloxyxanthen-9-one

[0089] A mixture of 2-hydroxyxanthen-9-one (2.12 g, 0.01 mol), K2CO3 (2.8 g, 0.02 mol), Kl (0.166 g, 0.001 mol), propargyl bromide (1.78 g, 0.015 mol) and acetone (100 mL) was refluxed 10 h and hot filtered. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was crystallized by toluene. This yields 2.25 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p.153-154° C.; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.58 (m, 1H), 4.8 (s, 2H), 7.35-8.38 (m, 7H).

Example 9

Preparation of 3-propynyloxyxanthen-9-one

[0090] A mixture of 3-hydroxyxanthen-9-one (2.12 g, 0.01 mol), K2CO3 (2.8 g, 0.02 mol), Kl (0.166 g, 0.001 mol), propargyl bromide (1.78 g, 0.015 mol) and acetone (100 mL) was refluxed 10 h and hot filtered. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was crystallized by toluene. This yields 2.25 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p.142-144° C.; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.61 (m, 1H), 4.84 (s, 2H), 6.98-8.38 (m, 7H).

Example 10

Preparation of 7-propynyloxyflavone

[0091] A mixture of 7-hydroxyflavone (2.38 g, 0.01 mol), K2CO3 (2.8 g, 0.02 mol), Kl (0.166 g, 0.001 mol), propargyl bromide (1.78 g, 0.015 mol) and acetone (100 mL) was refluxed 10 h and hot filtered. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was crystallized by toluene. This yields 2.58 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p. 199-200° C.; 1H NMR (CDC13) δ: 2.6 (m, 1H), 4.8 (s, 2H), 6.75-8.18 (m, 9H).

Example 11

Preparation of 7-propynyloxy-3-methylflavone

[0092] A mixture of 7-hydroxy-3-methylflavone (2.52 g, 0.01 mol), K2CO3 (2.8 g, 0.02 mol), Kl (0.166 g, 0.001 mol), propargyl bromide (1.78 g, 0.015 mol) and acetone (100 mL) was refluxed 10 h and hot filtered. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was crystallized by toluene. This yields 2.32 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p. 179-180° C.; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.69 (m, 1H), 4.8 (s, 2H), 6.95-8.25 (m, 8H).

Example 12

Preparation of 7-propynyloxy-4-methylcoumarin

[0093] A mixture of 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (1.76 g, 0.01 mol), K2CO3 (2.8 g, 0.02 mol), Kl (0.166 g, 0.001 mol), propargyl bromide (1.78 g, 0.015 mol) and acetone (100 mL) was refluxed 10 h and hot filtered. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was crystallized by toluene. This yields 1.93 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p.140-141° C.; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.4 (s), 2.69 (m), 4.8 (s, 2H), 6.15-7.58 (m, 4H).

Example 13

General Conditions to Obtain the Aminopropynyloxy Derivatives

[0094] 11

[0095] A solution of formaldehyde (0.5 ml), selected amine (6 mmol) and CuSO4 (0.1 g) in EtOH/H2O (20 mL) was added to a solution of propynyloxy derivative (4.6 mmol) in EtOH/H2O (20 mL). H2SO4was added until pH 8 and the mixture was refluxed 24 h. NH3 (30 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ether. After evaporation of the solvent the residue was purified by flash-chromatography (eluent: toluene/acetone 4/1) and crystallized by suitable solvent

Example 14

7-(4-Piperldinobut-2-yn)-oxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone (See Accompanying Formula Drawing VIB 15)

[0096] A solution of formaldehyde (1 ml), piperidine (0.85 g, 0.01 mol) and CuSO4 (0.2 g) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL) was added to a solution of propynyloxy derivative (3.08 g, 0.01 mol) in EtOH/H2O (40mL). H2SO4 was added until pH 8 and the mixture was refluxed 24 h. NH3 (60 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ether. After evaporation of the solvent the residue was purified by flash-chromatography (eluent: toluene/acetone 4/1) and crystallized by ligroin. This yields 1.63 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p. 95-97° C.; 1H NMR δ: 1.73-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.68, (q, 4H), 2.4-2.55 (t, 4H), 3.3 (s, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 4.85 (s, 2H), 6.9-8.25 (m, 8H).

Example 15

7(4-Morpholinobut-2-yn)-oxy-4′-methoxylsoflavone (See Accompanying Formula Drawing VIB 17)

[0097] A solution of formaldehyde (1 ml), morpholine (0.87 g, 0.01 mol) and CuSO4 (0.2 g) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL) was added to a solution of propynyloxy derivative (3.08 g, 0.01 mol) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL). H2SO4 was added until pH 8 and the mixture was refluxed 24 h. NH3 (60 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ether. After evaporation of the solvent the residue was purified by flash-chromatography (eluent: toluene/acetone 4/1) and crystallized by ligroin. This yields 1.62 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p. 98-100° C.; 1H NMR δ: 2.43-2.61 (m, 4H), 3.3 (s, 2H), 3.6-3.78 (m, 4H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 4.75 (s, 2H), 6.9-8.3 (m, 8H).

Example 16

7-[4-(4-Benzyl-piperazin-1-yl)-but-2-yn]-oxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone (See Accompanying Formula Drawing VIB 16)

[0098] A solution of formaldehyde (1 ml), benzylpiperazine (1.76 g, 0.01 mol) and CuSO4 (0.2 g) in EtOH/H20 (40 ml) was added to a solution of propynyloxy derivative (3.08 g, 0.01 mol) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL). H2SO4 was added until pH 8 and the mixture was refluxed 24 h. NH3 (60 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ether. After evaporation of the solvent the residue was purified by flash-chromatography (eluent toluene/acetone 4/1) and crystallized by ligroin. This yields 1.1 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p. 98-100° C.; 1H NMR δ: 2.45-2.65 (m, 8H), 3.35 (s, 2H), 3.52 (s, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 4.85 (s, 2H), 6.95-8.27 (m, 13H).

Example 17

7--Pyrrolidinobut-2-yn)-oxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone (See Accompanying Formula Drawing VIB 91)

[0099] A solution of formaldehyde (1 ml), pyrrolidine (0.71 g, 0.01 mol) and CuSO4 (0.2 g) in EtOH/H20 (40 mL) was added to a solution of propynyloxy derivative (3.08 g, 0.01 mol) in EtOH/H20 (40 mL). H2SO4 was added until pH 8 and the mixture was refluxed 24 h. NH3 (60 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ether. After evaporation of the solvent the residue was purified by flash-chromatography (eluent: toluene/acetone 4/1) and crystallized by ligroin. This yields 0.8 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p. 111-112° C.; 1H NMR δ: 1.68-1.83 (m, 4H), 2.6-2.65 (m, 4H), 3.5 (m, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 4.83 (m, 2H), 6.96-8.26 (m, 8H).

Example 18

7(4-Diethylaminobut-2-yn)-oxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone (see Accompanying Formula Drawing VIB 90)

[0100] A solution of formaldehyde (1 ml), diethylamine (0.73 g, 0.01 mol) and CuSO4 (0.2 g) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL) was added to a solution of propynyloxy derivative (3.08 g, 0.01 mol) in EtOH/H20 (40 mL). H2SO4was added until pH 8 and the mixture was refluxed 24 h. NH3 (60 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ether. After evaporation of the solvent the residue was purified by flash-chromatography (eluent: toluene/acetone 4/1) and crystallized by ligroin. This yields 1.2 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p. 73-75° C.; 1H NMR δ: 1 (t, 6H), 2.5 (q, 4H), 3.49 (s, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 4.85 (s, 2H), 6.95-8.28 (m, 8H)

Example 19

7(44Diethylaminobut-2-yn)-oxyisoflavone (See Accompanying Formula Drawing VIB 92)

[0101] A solution of formaldehyde (1 ml), diethylamine (0.73 g, 0.01 mol) and CuSO4 (0.2 g) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL) was added to a solution of propynyloxy derivative (2.94 g, 0.01 mol) in EtOH/H2O (40mL). H2SO4 was added until pH 8 and the mixture was refluxed 24 h. NH3 (60 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ether. After evaporation of the solvent the residue was purified by flash-chromatography (eluent: toluene/acetone 4/1) and crystallized by ligroin. This yields 0.62 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p. 79-80° C.; 1H NMR δ: 1.03 (t, 6H), 2.5 (q, 4H), 3.49 (s, 2H), 4.84 (s, 2H), 7.0-8.26 (m, 9H).

Example 20

7-(4-Morpholinobut-2-yn)-oxyisoflavone (See Accompanying Formula Drawing VIB 93)

[0102] A solution of formaldehyde (1 ml), morpholine (0.87 g, 0.01 mol) and CuSO4 (0.2 g) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL) was added to a solution of propynyloxy derivative (2.94 g, 0.01 mol) in EtOH/H2O (40mL). H2SO4 was added until pH 8 and the mixture was refluxed 24 h. NH3 (60 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ether. After evaporation of the solvent the residue was purified by flash-chromatography (eluent toluene/acetone 4/1) and crystallized by ligroin. This yields 1.5 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p. 104-105° C.; 1H NMR δ: 2.5-2.6 (m, 4H), 3.35 (s, 2H), 3.75 (m, 4H), 4.85 (m, 2H), 6,95-8.22 (m, 9H).

Example 21

7-(4-Morpholinobut-2-yn)-oxy-2-methyl-4′-methoxyisoflavone (See Accompanying Formula Drawing VIB 105)

[0103] A solution of formaldehyde (1 ml), morpholine (0.87 g, 0.01 mol) and CuSO4 (0.2 g) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL) was added to a solution of propynyloxy derivative (32 g, 0.01 mol) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL). H2SO4 was added until pH 8 and the mixture was refluxed 24 h. NH3 (60 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ether. After evaporation of the solvent the residue was purified by flash-chromatography (eluent: toluene/acetone 4/1) and crystallized by ligroin. This yields 1.2 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p. 136-139° C.; 1H NMR δ: 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.5-2.6 (m, 4H), 3.35 (s, 2H), 3.7 (m, 4H), 4.7 (m, 2H), 6.95-8.25 (m, 8H).

Example 22

7-(4-Morpholinobut-2-yn)-oxy-5-hydroxy4′-methoxyisoflavone (See Accompanying Formula Drawing VIB 102)

[0104] A solution of formaldehyde (1 ml), morpholine (0.87 g, 0.01 mol) and CuSO4 (0.2 g) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL) was added to a solution of propynyloxy)y derivative (32 g, 0.01 mol) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL). H2SO4 was added until pH 8 and the mixture was refluxed 24 h. NH3 (60 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ether. After evaporation of the solvent the residue was purified by flash-chromatography (eluent toluene/acetone 4/1) and crystallized by ligroin. This yields 0.84 g of a product with the following characteristics: oil, hydrochloric salt m.p. 120-123° C. (methanol-ether); 1H NMR δ: 2.3 (m, 4H), 3.3 (s, 2H), 3.7 (m, 4H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 4.85 (m, 2-H), 6.48-7.90 (m, 7H), 12.85 (s, 1H).

Example 23

7-4-Bis-Morpholinobut-2-yn)-oxyisoflavone (See Accompanying Formula Drawing VIB 97)

[0105] A solution of formaldehyde (1 ml), morpholine (0.87 g, 0.01 mol) and CuSO4 (0.2 g) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL) was added to a solution of propynyloxy derivative (32 g, 0.01 mol) in EtOH/H20 (40 mL). H2SO4 was added until pH 8 and the mixture was refluxed 24 h. NH3 (60 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ether. After evaporation of the solvent the residue was purified by flash-chromatography (eluent toluene/acetone 4/1) and crystallized by ligroin. This yields 1.06 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p. 158-159° C.; 1H NMR δ: 2.55 (m, 8H), 3.34 (s, 4H), 3.74 (m, 8H), 4.7 (s, 2H), 4.85 (s, 2H), 6.98-8.26(m, 8H).

Example 24

7-(4-Morpholinobut-2-yn)oxyflavone (See Accompanying Formula Drawing VIB 103)

[0106] A solution of formaldehyde (1 ml), morpholine (0.87 g, 0.01 mol) and CuSO4 (0.2 g) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL) was added to a solution of propynyloxy derivative (2.94 g, 0.01 mol) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL). H2SO4 was added until pH 8 and the mixture was refluxed 24 h. NH3 (60 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ether. After evaporation of the solvent the residue was purified by flash-chromatography (eluent: toluene/acetone 4/1) and crystallized by ligroin. This yields 0.75 g of a product with the following characterstics: m.p. 126-127° C.; 1H NMR δ: 2.56 (m, 4H), 3.35 (s, 2H), 3.7 (m, 4H), 4.86 (m, 2H), 6.79-8.2 (m, 9H). Mass: m/z 374 (M+, 14.38), 238 (100),137 (82.79).

Example 25

7-(4-Morpholinobut-2-yn)-oxy-3-methylflavone (See Accompanying Formula Drawing VIB 104)

[0107] A solution of formaldehyde (1 ml), morpholine (0.87 g, 0.01 mol) and CuSO4 (0.2 g) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL) was added to a solution of propynyloxy derivative (3.09 g, 0.01 mol) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL). H2SO4 was added until pH 8 and the mixture was refluxed 24 h. NH3 (60 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ether. After evaporation of the solvent the residue was purified by flash-chromatography (eluent: toluene/acetone 4/1) and crystallized by ligroin. This yields 0.78 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p.139-140° C.; 1H NMR S: 2.13 (s, 3H), 2.6 (m, 4H), 3.35 (m, 2H), 3.8 (m, 4H), 4.03 (s, 2H), 6.85-8.10(m, 8H).

Example 26

7-(4-Morpholinobut-2-yn)-oxyoethylcoumarin (See Accompanying Formula Drawing VIB 95)

[0108] A solution of formaldehyde (1 ml), morpholine (0.87 g, 0.01 mol) and CuSO4 (0.2 g) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL) was added to a solution of propynyloxy derivative (2.14 g, 0.01 mol) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL). H2SO4 was added until pH 8 and the mixture was refluxed 24 h. NH3 (60 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ether. After evaporation of the solvent the residue was purified by flash-chromatography (eluent toluene/acetone 4/1) and crystallized by ligroin. This yields 1.9 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p.125-126° C.; 1H NMR δ: 2.4 (s, 3H), 2.52 (m, 4H), 3.3 (m, 2H), 3.7 (m, 4H), 4.78 (m, 2H), 6.16-7.54(m, 4H).

Example 27

7-(4-Diethylaminobut-2-yn)-oxy-4-methylcoumarin (See Accompanying Formula Drawing VIB 94)

[0109] A solution of formaldehyde (1 ml), morpholine (0.73 g, 0.01 mol) and CuSO4 (0.2 g) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL) was added to a solution of propynyloxy derivative (2.14 g, 0.01 mol) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL). H2SO4 was added until pH 8 and the mixture was refluxed 24 h. NH3 (60 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ether. After evaporation of the solvent the residue was purified by flash-chromatography (eluent: toluene/acetone 4/1) and crystallized by ligroin. This yields 1.9 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p. 108-110° C.; 1H NMR δ: 1.04 (t, 6H), 2.42 (s, 2H), 2.5 (q, 4H), 3.7 (m, 2H), 4.8 (m, 2H), 6.18-7.57(m, 4H).

Example 28

1-(4-Morpholinobut-2-yn)-oxyxanthone (See Accompanying Formula Drawing VIB 99)

[0110] A solution of formaldehyde (1 ml), morpholine (0.87 g, 0.01 mol) and CuSO4 (0.2 g) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL) was added to a solution of propynyloxy derivative (2.5 g, 0.01 mol) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL). H2SO4 was added until pH 8 and the mixture was refluxed 24 h. NH3 (60 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ether. After evaporation of the solvent the residue was purified by flash-chromatography (eluent toluene/acetone 4/1) and crystallized by ligroin. This yields 1.8 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p. 98-101° C.; 1H NMR δ: 2.53 (m, 4H), 3.34 (m, 2H), 3.73 (m, 4H), 4.98 (m, 2H), 6.98-8.33 (m, 7H).

Example 29

1-(4-Diethylaminobut-2-yn)-oxyxanthone (See Accompanying Formula Drawing VIB 98)

[0111] A solution of formaldehyde (1 ml), diethylamine (0.73 g, 0.01 mol) and CuSO4 (0.2 g) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL) was added to a solution of propynyloxy derivative (2.5 g, 0.01 mol) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL). H2SO4 was added until pH 8 and the mixture was refluxed 24 h. NH3 (60 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ether. After evaporation of the solvent the residue was purified by flash-chromatography (eluent: toluene/acetone 4/1) and crystallized by ligroin. This yields 0.64 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p. 70-72° C.; 1H NMR δ: 1.02 (t, 6H), 2.5 (q, 4H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 4.96 (m, 2H), 6.98-8.33 (m, 7H).

Example 23

2-(4-Morpholinobut-2-yn)-oxyxanthone (See Accompanying Formula Drawing VIB 101)

[0112] A solution of formaldehyde (1 ml), morpholine (0.87 g, 0.01 mol) and CuSO4 (0.2 g) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL) was added to a solution of propynyloxy derivative (2.5 g, 0.01 mol) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL). H2S04 was added until pH 8 and the mixture was refluxed 24 h. NH3 (60 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ether. After evaporation of the solvent the residue was purified by flash-chromatography (eluent: toluene/acetone 4/1) and crystallized by ligroin. This yields 1.8 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p. 105-106° C.; 1H NMR δ: 2.53 (m, 4H), 3.33 (m, 2H), 3.7 (m, 4H), 4.84 (m, 2H), 7.39-7.83 (m, 7H).

Example 31

2-(4-Diethylaminobut-2-yn)-oxyxanthone (See Accompanying Formula Drawing VIB 100)

[0113] A solution of formaldehyde (1 ml), diethylamine (0.73 g, 0.01 mol) and CuSO4 (0.2 g) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL) was added to a solution of propynyloxy derivative (2.5 g, 0.01 mol) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL). H2SO4 was added until pH 8 and the mixture was refluxed 24 h. NH3 (60 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ether. After evaporation of the solvent the residue was purified by flash-chromatography (eluent: toluene/acetone 4/1) and crystallized by ligroin. This yields 0.64 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p. 66-68° C.; 1H NMR δ: 1.08 (t, 6H), 2.54 (q, 4H), 3.5 (m, 2H), 4.86 (m, 2H), 7.35-8.38 (m, 7H).

Example 32

2-(4-Morpholinobut-2-yn)-oxyxanthone (See Accompanying Formula Drawing VIB 96)

[0114] A solution of formaldehyde (1 ml), morpholine (0.87 g, 0.01 mol) and CuSO4 (0.2 g) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL) was added to a solution of propynyloxy derivative (2.5 g, 0.01 mol) in EtOH/H2O (40 mL). H2SO4 was added until pH 8 and the mixture was refluxed 24 h. NH3 (60 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ether. After evaporation of the solvent the residue was purified by flash-chromatography (eluent: toluene/acetone 4/1) and crystallized by ligroin. This yields 1.5 g of a product with the following characteristics: m.p. 126-128° C.; 1H NMR δ: 2.56 (m, 4H), 3.4 (m, 2H), 3.7 (m, 4H), 4.86 (m, 2H), 6.97-8.37 (m, 7H).

[0115] Biological Evaluation

[0116] Compounds VIB 16, VIB 94, VIB 99 and VIB 100 were tested for their cytotoxicity against drug-resistant cancer cells, both alone, and in combination with paclitaxel. The results of these studies are shown below.

[0117] When tested alone these compounds were found to possess relatively low cytotoxicity (IC50>30 μM) against drug-resistant cancer cells.

[0118] The compounds were then evaluated in combination with paclitaxel for their cytostatic activity against the drug-resistant breast cancer cells MDA435/LCC6-MDR. In the experiments, the compounds were used in combination with paclitaxel, the paclitaxel being at a concentration of 1 μM. The IC50 of paclitaxel decreases by 2-4 fold when used in combination with each of compounds, i.e. from 426 nM to 210-110 nM compared with paclitaxel alone. Consequently, in the presence of these compounds, paclitaxel can recover its excellent inhibitory activity against the drug-resistant cancer cells.

TABLE 1
Compound	IC50/nM	% Reduction in IC50 of paclitaxel
Paclitaxel	426	—
VIB 16 + Paclitaxel	136	67
VIB 94 + Paclitaxel	210	50
VIB 99 + Paclitaxel	200	53
VIB 100 + Paclitaxel	110	70

[0119] Experimental

[0120] The treatment consisted of concurrent exposure of MDA-435/LCC-MDR cells to paclitaxel in the presence or absence of the compounds reversing agent (1 μM) for 72 h in vitro. Assessment of cytotoxicity, i.e. cell growth inhibition, was determined according to the methods of Skehan, et al. as discussed in J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 82, 1107,1990.

[0121] Briefly, cells were plated between 400 and 1200 cells/well in 96 well plates and incubated at 37° C. for 15-18 h prior to drug addiction to allow attachment of cells. Compounds were solubilized in 100% DMSO and further diluted in RPMI-1640 containing 10 mM HEPES. After a 72 h incubation, 100 ml of ice-cold 50% TCA was added to each well and incubated for 1 h at 4° C. Plates were then washed 5 times with tap water to remove TCA, low-molecular weight metabolites and serum proteins. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) (0.4%, 50 ml) was added to each well. Following a five minute incubation at room temperature, plates were rinsed 5 times with 0.1% acetic acid and air dried. Bound dye was solubilized with 10 mM Tris Base (pH 10.5) for 5 min on a gyratory shaker. Optical density was measured at 570 nm. 12

Claims

1. A compound of Formula (I):

2. A compound of Formula (I) according to claim 1 having the structure (IA′):

3. A compound according to claim 2 wherein R, R1 and R4 are as defined in claim 1, and R2 and R3 are each independently selected from: (i) hydrogen, (ii) a substituted or unsubstituted, preferably aromatic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic group containing from 5 to 10 ring atoms, said ring atoms forming one or two rings, wherein the or each ring contains 5 or 6 ring atoms, any heteroatoms being selected from N, O and S, any substituents being independently selected from the group consisting of: (a) Cl, (b) Br, (c) F, (d) OH, (e) NO2, (f) CF3, (g) C1-4 lower alkyl (in particular CH3), (h) SCH3, (i) NHCOCH3, (j) N(R6)(R8) wherein R6 and R8, are the same or different and each represents H or lower C1-4 alkyl, (k) OR10 wherein R10 represents H or lower C1-6 alkyl which may be saturated or unsaturated and being unsubstituted or substituted with the group NRR1 wherein R and R1 is as defined above, and (I) OCOR11 wherein R11 represents H or lower C1-4 alkyl, (iii) Cl, (iv) Br, (v) F, (vi) OH, (vii) NO2, (viii) a saturated or unsaturated lower C1-6 straight or branched hydrocarbyl group which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from Cl, Br, F, OMe, NO2 and CF3, (ix) NHCOCH3, (x) N(R6)(R8), (xi)SR10, (xii) OR10, and (xiii) OCOR11 wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are as defined in claim 1.

4. A compound according to any preceding claim wherein R2 and R3 are hydrogen.

5. A compound according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein one of R1 or R2 is, hydrogen, and the other is selected from the group consisting of: (i) a substituted or unsubstituted, preferably aromatic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic group containing from 5 to 10 ring atoms, said ring atoms forming one or two rings, wherein the or each ring contains 5 or 6 ring atoms, any heteroatoms being selected from N, O and S, any substituents being independently selected from the group consisting of: Cl, Br, F, OH, NO2, CF3, C1-4 lower alkyl (in particular CH3), SCH3, NHCOCH3, N(R6)(R8), OR10 and OCOR11, wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are the same or different and each represents H or lower C1-4 alkyl, (ii) Cl, (iii) Br, (iv) F, (v) OH, (vi) NO2, (vii) a saturated or unsaturated lower C1-6 straight or branched hydrocarbyl group which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from Cl, Br, F, OMe, NO2 and CF3, (viii) NHCOCH3, (ix) N(R6)(R8), (x) SR10, (xi) OR10, and (xii) OCOR11 wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are as defined in claim 1.

6. A compound according to claim 4 wherein R2 is hydrogen and R3 is selected from the group consisting of. (i) a substituted or unsubstituted, preferably aromatic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic group containing from 5 to 10 ring atoms, said ring atoms forming one or two rings, wherein the or each ring contains 5 or 6 ring atoms, any heteroatoms being selected from N, O and S, any substituents being independently selected from the group consisting of: Cl, Br, F, OH, NO2, CF3, C1-4 lower alkyl (in particular CH3), SCH3, NHCOCH3, N(R6)(R8), OR10 and OCOR11, wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are the same or different and each represents H or lower C1-4 alkyl, (ii) Cl, (iii) Br, (iv) F, (v) OH, (vi) NO2, (vii) a saturated or unsaturated lower C1-6 straight or branched hydrocarbyl group which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from Cl, Br, F, OMe, NO2 and CF3, (viii) NHCOCH3, (ix) N(R6)(R8), (x) SR10, (xi) OR10, and (xii) OCOR11 wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are as defined in claim 1.

7. A compound according to claim 5 wherein R3 is hydrogen and R2 is selected from the group consisting of (i) a substituted or unsubstituted, preferably aromatic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic group containing from 5 to 10 ring atoms, said ring atoms forming one or two rings, wherein the or each ring contains 5 or 6 ring atoms, any heteroatoms being selected from N, O and S, any substituents being independently selected from the group consisting of: Cl, Br, F, OH, NO2, CF3, Ci4 lower alkyl (in particular CH3), SCH3, NHCOCH3, N(R6)(R8), OR10 and OCOR11, wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are the same or different and each represents H or lower C1-4 alkyl, (ii) Cl, (iii) Br, (iv) F, (v) OH, (vi) NO2, (vii) a saturated or unsaturated lower C1-6 straight or branched hydrocarbyl group which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from Cl, Br, F, OMe, NO2 and CF3, (viii) NHCOCH3, (ix) N(R6)(R8), (x) SR10, (xi) OR10, and (xii) OCOR11 wherein R6 , R81, R10 and R11 are as defined in claim 1.

8. A compound according to claim 5 wherein R2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted, preferably aromatic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic group containing from 5 to 10 ring atoms, said ring atoms forming one or two rings, wherein the or each ring contains 5 or 6 ring atoms, any heteroatoms being selected from N, O and S, any substituents being independently selected from the group consisting of. Cl, Br, F, OH, NO2, CF3, C1-4 lower alkyl (in particular CH3), SCH3, NHCOCH3, N(R6)(R8), OR10 and OCOR11, wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are as defined in claim 1.

9. A compound according to claim 6 wherein R3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted, preferably aromatic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic group containing from 5 to 10 ring atoms, said ring atoms forming one or two rings, wherein the or each ring contains 5 or 6 ring atoms, any heteroatoms being selected from N, O and S, any substituents being independently selected from the group consisting of: Cl, Br, F, OH, NO2, CF3, C1-4 lower alkyl (in particular CH3), SCH3, NHCOCH3, N(R6)(R8), OR10 and OCOR11, wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are as defined in claim 1.

10. A compound according to claim 3 wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, Cl, Br, F, OH, NO2, a saturated or unsaturated lower C1-6 straight or branched hydrocarbyl group which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from Cl, Br, F, OMe, NO2 and CF3, NHCOCH3, N(R6)(R8), SR10, OR10, and OCOR11 wherein R81 R8, R10 and R11 are as defined in claim 1.

11. A compound according to claim 3 wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of H, Cl, Br, F, OH, NO2, a saturated or unsaturated lower C1-6 straight or branched hydrocarbyl group which may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from Cl, Br, F, OMe, NO2 and CF3, NHCOCH3, N(R6)(R8), SR10, OR10, and OCOR11 wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are as defined in claim 1.

12. A compound according to any of claims 1 to 9 wherein any substituents on the carbocyclic or heterocyclic group are independently selected from OH or OR10 wherein R10 is as defined in claim 1.

13. A compound according to any of claims 1 to 9 wherein one of R2 or R3 represents phenyl or phenyl substituted with 1 to 3 OH or OR10 groups.

14. A compound according to claim 12 or claim 13 wherein R10 represents methyl or

15. A compound according to any of claims 1 to 11 wherein one of R2 or R3 represents H or a lower C1-6 straight or branched hydrocarbyl group.

16. A compound according to claim 15 wherein one of R2 or R3 represents methyl.

17. A compound of Formula (IA) according to claim 2 having the structure (IA″):

18. A compound according to claim 17 wherein Ring Q represents a carbocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic ring any heteroatom being selected from N, O or S, said ring being unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from Cl, Br, F, OH, NO2, CF3, C1-4 lower alkyl, SCH3, NHCOCH3, N(R6)(R8), OR10 and OCOR11, wherein R6, R8, R10 and R11 are as defined as in claim 1.

19. A compound according to claim 18 wherein Ring Q represents a benzene or pyridine ring.

20. A compound according to any preceding claim having a structure selected from the group consisting of:

21. A compound according to claim 20 having the structure (IA)x.

22. A compound according to claim 20 having the structure (IA)y.

23. A compound according to claim 20 having the structure (IA)z.

24. A compound according to any preceding claim wherein R4 represents H, OH or OCH3.

25. A compound of Formula (I)according to claim 1 having the structure (IB):

26. A compound according to claim 25 having a structure selected from the group consisting of:

27. A compound according to claim 26 having the structure (IB)w.

28. A compound according to claim 26 having the structure (IB)x.

29. A compound according to claim 26 having the structure (IB)y.

30. A compound according to claim 26 having the structure (IB)z.

31. A compound according to any of claims 25 to 30 wherein R5 represents H or methyl.

32. A compound according to any preceding claim wherein R and R1 are the 5 same or different and each represents a C1-4 alkyl group or a C5-8 cycloalkyl group.

33. A compound according to any preceding claim wherein R and R1 taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a four- to eight-membered heterocyclic ring.

34. A compound according to claim 32 wherein R and R1 are the same or different and each represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, cyclopropyl or a cyclohexyl group.

35. A compound according to claim 33 wherein R and R1 taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a pyrrolidine, piperidine, N-methylpiperidine, N-benzylpiperidine or morpholine group.

36. A compound according to claim 1 selected from: 7-(4-piperidinobut-2-yn)oxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone (VIB 15), 7-(4-morpholinobut-2-yn)oxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone (VIB 17), 7-[4-(4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)but-2-yn]oxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone (VIB 16), 7-(4-pyrrolidinobut-2-yn)oxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone (VIB 91), 7-(4-diethylaminobut-2-yn)oxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone (VIB 90), 7-(4-diethylaminobut-2-yn)oxyisoflavone (VIB 92), 7-(4-morpholinobut-2-yn)oxyisoflavone (VIB 93), 7-(4-morpholinobut-2-yn)oxy-2-methyl4′-methoxyisoflavone (VIB 105), 7-(4-morpholinobut-2-yn)oxy-5-hydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone (VIB 102), 7-(4-bis4-morpholinobut-2-yn)oxyisoflavone (VIB 97), 7-(4-morpholinobut-2-yn)oxyflavone (VIB 103), 7-(4-morpholinobut-2-yn)oxy-3-methylflavone (VIB 104), 7-(4-morpholinobut-2-yn)oxy-methylcoumarin (VIB 95), 7-(4-diethylaminobut-2-yn)oxy-4-methylcoumarin (VIB 94), 1-(4-morpholinobut-2-yn)oxyxanthone (VIB 99), 1-(4-diethylaminobut-2-yn)oxyxanthone (VIB 98), 2-(4-morpholinobut-2-yn)oxyxanthone (VIB 101), 2-(4-diethylaminobut-2-yn)oxyxanthone (VIB 100), and 2-(4-morpholinobut-2-yn)oxyxanthone (VIB 96).

37. A compound of Formula (I) as defined in any preceding claim for use as a modulator of multiple drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy or an antiproliferative medicament.

38. A compound according to claim 37 wherein the multiple drug resistance is mediated by P-glycoprotein.

39. Use of a compound of Formula (I) as defined in any preceding claim for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of neoplasms.

40. Use according to claim 39 wherein the neoplasms are located in the uterus, ovary or breast.

41. Use according to claim 39 or 40 of a compound of Formula (I) for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of paclitaxel- and docetaxel-resistant cancer cells.

42. Use according to any of claims 39 to 41 of a compound of Formula a) in the manufacture of an antiproliferative medicament for combination therapy.

43. Use according to claim 42 of a compound of Formula (I) in the manufacture of an antiproliferative medicament in combination with one or more antineoplastic or cytostatic agents.

44. The use according to claim 43 wherein the antineoplastic or cytostatic agent is selected from the group consisting of anthracyclines, epipodophyllotoxins, actinomycin D, vinca alkaloids, colchicines, paclitaxel or docetaxel.

45. The use according to claim 39 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of menopausal disorders and osteoporosis.

46. A pharmaceutical composition comprising one of more of the compounds of Formula (I) as defined in any preceding claim, in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

47. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 46 further comprising one or more antineoplastic or cytostatic agents.

48. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 47 wherein the antineoplastic agent is selected from paclitaxel or docetaxel.