Patent Application
20110306645
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to novel ortho-substituted arylamide derivatives and anthranilic acid derivatives, to their use as insecticides and acaricides for controlling animal pests, also in combination with other agents for activity boosting, and to a plurality of processes for their preparation.
2. Description of Related Art
Anthranilic acid derivatives having insecticidal properties have already been described in the literature, as for example in WO 01/70671, WO 03/015519, WO 03/016284, WO 03/015518, WO 03/024222, WO 03/016282, WO 03/016283, WO 03/062226, WO 03/027099, WO 04/027042, WO 04/033468, WO 2004/046129, WO 2004/067528, WO 2005/118552, WO 2005/077934, WO 2005/085234, WO 2006/023783, WO 2006/000336, WO 2006/040113, WO 2006/111341, WO 2007/006670, WO 2007/024833, WO2007/020877, WO 2007/144100, WO2007/043677, WO2008/126889, WO2008/126890, WO2008/126933.
In their application, however, the active compounds already known in accordance with the specifications identified above have disadvantages in some respects, whether it be that they exhibit only a narrow spectrum of application or whether it be that they do not have satisfactory insecticidal or acaricidal activity.
Novel anthranilic acid derivatives have now been found which have advantages over the compounds already known, examples being better biological or environmental properties, broader application methods, an improved insecticidal or acaricidal activity, and also high compatibility with useful plants. The anthranilic acid derivatives can be used in combination with other agents for improving the efficacy in particular against insects which are difficult to control.
The present invention accordingly provides novel ortho-substituted arylamide derivatives and anthranilic acid derivatives of the formula (I)
in which
two radicals R4 form, via adjacent carbon atoms, a ring which represents —(CH2)3—, —(CH2)4—, —(CH2)5—, —(CH_CH—)2—, —OCH2O—, —O(CH2)2O—, —OCF2O—, —(CF2)2O—, —O(CF2)2O—, —(CH═CH—CH═N)— or —(CH═CH—N═CH)—, or
two radicals R4 furthermore form, via adjacent carbon atoms, the fused rings below which are optionally mono- or polysubstituted by identical or different substituents, where the substituents independently of one another may be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, C1-C6-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C3-C6-halocycloalkyl, halogen, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C4-alkylthio(C1-C6-alkyl), C1-C4-alkylsulphinyl(C1-C6-alkyl), C1-C4-alkylsulphonyl(C1-C6-alkyl), C1-C4-alkylamino, di-(C1-C4-alkyl)amino and C3-C6-cycloalkylamino,
where the substituents independently of one another may be selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, halo-C1-C6-alkyl, amino, (C1-C6-alkyl)amino, di(C1-C6-alkyl)amino, C3-C6-cycloalkyl
where —(C3-C6-cycloalkyl)- in the ring may optionally contain 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S, O,
where a plurality of R8 radicals independently of one another represent straight-chain or branched —(C1-C6-alkylene)- or represent a direct bond,
for example, R8—O—R8— represents —(C1-C6-alkylene)-O—(C1-C6-alkylene)-, —(C1-C6-alkylene)-O—, —O—(C1-C6-alkylene)-, or —O—,
where R′ represents alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkenyl, alkynyl which may optionally be mono- or polysubstituted by halogen,
where the ring or the bicyclic ring system may optionally contain 1-3 heteroatoms from the group consisting of N, S, O,
where the ring or the bicyclic ring system is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by identical or different substituents, and where the substituents independently of one another may be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C2-C6-haloalkenyl, C2-C6-haloalkynyl, C3-C6-halocycloalkyl, halogen, CN, CO2NH2, NO2, OH, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-haloalkoxy, C1-C4-alkylthio, C1-C4-alkylsulphinyl, C1-C4-alkylsulphonyl, C1-C4-haloalkylthio, C1-C4-haloalkylsulphinyl, C1-C4-haloalkylsulphonyl, C1-C4-alkylamino, di-(C1-C4-alkyl)amino, C3-C6-cycloalkylamino, (C1-C6-alkyl)carbonyl, (C1-C6-alkoxy)carbonyl, (C1-C6-alkyl)aminocarbonyl, di-(C1-C4-alkyl)aminocarbonyl,
or where the substituents independently of one another may be selected from the group consisting of phenyl and a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring, where phenyl or the ring may optionally be mono- or polysubstituted by identical or different substituents from the group consisting of C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C2-C6-haloalkenyl, C2-C6-haloalkynyl, C3-C6-halocycloalkyl, halogen, CN, NO2, OH, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-haloalkoxy,
If appropriate, the compounds of the formula (I) may be present in various polymorphic forms or as mixtures of different polymorphic forms. Both the pure polymorphs and the polymorph mixtures are provided by the invention and can be used according to the invention.
The compounds of the formula (I) optionally include diastereomers or enantiomers.
The formula (I) provides a general definition of the compounds according to the invention. Preferred, particularly preferred and very particularly preferred are compounds of the formula (I) in which
two adjacent radicals R4 likewise preferably represent —(CH2)3—, —(CH2)4—, —(CH2)5—, —(CH═CH—)2—, —OCH2O—, —O(CH2)2O—, —OCF2O—, —(CF2)2O—, —O(CF2)2O—, —(CH═CH—CH═N)— or —(CH═CH—N═CH)—,
two adjacent radicals R4 particularly preferably represent —(CH2)4—, —(CH═CH—)2—, —O(CH2)2O—, —O(CF2)2O—, —(CH═CH—CH═N)— or —(CH═CH—N═CH)—,
two adjacent radicals R4 especially preferably represent —(CH═CH—)2
where Z, R and p may have the general meanings given above or the preferred or particularly preferred meanings given below,
where the substituents independently of one another may be selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy and halo-C1-C6-alkyl, where Qz may have the general meanings given above or the preferred or particularly preferred meanings given below,
where the ring is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by identical or different substituents and where the substituents independently of one another may be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C2-C6-haloalkenyl, C2-C6-haloalkynyl, C3-C6-halocycloalkyl, halogen, CN, OH, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-haloalkoxy, C1-C4-alkylthio, C1-C4-alkylsulphinyl, C1-C4-alkylsulphonyl, C1-C4-haloalkylthio, C1-C4-haloalkylsulphinyl, C1-C4-haloalkylsulphonyl,
where the ring is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by identical or different substituents and where the substituents independently of one another may be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C2-C6-haloalkenyl, C2-C6-haloalkynyl, C3-C6-halocycloalkyl, halogen, CN, OH, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-haloalkoxy, C1-C4-alkylthio, C1-C4-alkylsulphinyl, C1-C4-alkylsulphonyl, C1-C4-haloalkylthio, C1-C4-haloalkylsulphinyl, C1-C4-haloalkylsulphonyl,
which is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by identical or different substituents and where the substituents independently of one another may be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C2-C6-haloalkenyl, C2-C6-haloalkynyl, C3-C6-halocycloalkyl, halogen, CN, OH, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-haloalkoxy, C1-C4-alkylthio, C1-C4-alkylsulphinyl, C1-C4-alkylsulphonyl, C1-C4-haloalkylthio, C1-C4-haloalkylsulphinyl, C1-C4-haloalkylsulphonyl,
or where the substituents independently of one another may be selected from the group consisting of phenyl and a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring, where phenyl or the ring may optionally be mono- or polysubstituted by identical or different substituents from the group consisting of C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C2-C6-haloalkenyl, C2-C6-haloalkynyl, C3-C6-halocycloalkyl, halogen, CN, NO2, OH, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-haloalkoxy,
or where the substituents independently of one another may be selected from the group consisting of phenyl and a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring, where phenyl or the ring may optionally be mono- or polysubstituted by identical or different substituents from the group consisting of C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C2-C6-haloalkenyl, C2-C6-haloalkynyl, C3-C6-halocycloalkyl, halogen, CN, NO2, OH, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-haloalkoxy,
or where the substituents independently of one another may be selected from the group consisting of phenyl and a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring, where phenyl or the ring may optionally be mono- or polysubstituted by identical or different substituents from the group consisting of C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C2-C6-haloalkenyl, C2-C6-haloalkynyl, C3-C6-halocycloalkyl, halogen, CN, NO2, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-haloalkoxy,
or where the substituents independently of one another may be selected from the group consisting of phenyl and a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring, where the substituents independently of one another may be selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, tert-butyl, chlorine, fluorine, iodine, bromine, cyano, nitro, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluorethyl, n-heptafluoropropyl and isoheptafluoropropyl,
The rings or ring systems listed above may optionally independently of one another additionally be substituted by oxo, thioxo, (═O)═NH, (═O)═N—CN, (═O)2. Examples which may be mentioned are tetrahydrothiophene dioxide, imidazolidone. Here, the ring or the ring system Qy is preferably additionally substituted by (═O) or (═O)2.
In this case, the oxo group as substituent at a ring carbon atom means, for example, a carbonyl group in the heterocyclic ring. This also preferably comprises lactones and lactams. The oxo group may also be present at the hetero ring atoms, which may exist in various oxidation levels, for example in the case of nitrogen and sulphur, in which case they form, for example, the divalent groups —N(O)—, —S(O)— (also abbreviated as SO) and —S(O)2— (also abbreviated as SO2) in the heterocyclic ring. In the case of —N(O)— and —S(O)— groups, in each case both enantiomers are included.
In a heterocyclic ring, substituents other than the oxo group can also be attached to a heteroatom, for example a nitrogen atom, if a hydrogen atom at the nitrogen atom of the skeleton is replaced in the process. In the case of the nitrogen atom and also other heteroatoms such as, for example, the sulphur atom, there may also be further substitution with formation of quaternary ammonium compounds or sulphonium compounds.
The above-recited general radical definitions and elucidations or those recited in preference ranges may be combined arbitrarily with one another, in other words including combinations between the respective ranges and preference ranges. They apply both to the end products and, correspondingly, to precursors and intermediates.
Preference in accordance with the invention is given to the compounds of the formula (I) which contain a combination of the meanings listed above as being preferred (preferably).
Particular preference according to the invention is given to the compounds of the formula (I) which contain a combination of the meanings listed above as being particularly preferred.
Very particular preference according to the invention is given to compounds of the formula (I) which contain a combination of the meanings listed above as being very particularly preferred.
The compounds of the formulae (I) may be present more particularly in the form of different regioisomers: for example in the form of mixtures of compounds having the definition Q62 or Q63 or in the form of mixtures of Q58 and 59. The invention therefore also comprises mixtures of compounds of the formula (I) where QY has the meanings Q62 and Q63 and also Q58 and Q59 and the compounds may be present in various mixing ratios. Preference in this context is given to mixing ratios of the compounds of the formula (I) in which the radical QY is Q62 or Q58 to compounds of the formula (I) in which the radical Qy is Q63 or Q59, of 60:40 to 99:1, particularly preferably of 70:30 to 97:3, very particularly preferably of 80:20 to 95:5. Especially preferred are the following mixing ratios for a compound of the formula (I) where Qy has the definition Q62 or Q58 to the compound of the formula (I) where Qy has the definition Q63 or Q59: 80:20; 81:19; 82:18; 83:17; 84:16; 85:15, 86:14; 87:13; 88:12; 89:11; 90:10, 91:9; 92:8; 93:7; 96:6; 95:5.
Preparation Processes
The compounds of the general formula (I) can be obtained when
(A) anilines of the formula (II)
in which R1, R4, R5 and n have the meanings given above
or
(B) anilines of the formula (III)
are reacted, for example, with carbonyl chlorides of the formula (IV)
where Qx, A and Qy have the meanings given above,
in the presence of a condensing agent.
Anilines of the formula (II) in which R1, R4, R5 have the meanings given above can be prepared by known methods (for example WO 2008/001076).
Anilines of the formula (III) in which R1, R4, R5 have the meanings given above can be obtained from anilines of the formula (III-1) which are known (for example EP 511826, U.S. Pat. No. 5,500,405). Reaction of (III-1) with, for example, N-bromosuccinimide may yield anilines of the formula (III-2). Exchange of bromine for cyanide with Cu(CN) may yield anilines of the formula (III-3).
The compounds of the general formula (I) can furthermore be obtained when
(C) anilines of the formula (V)
in which R1, R3, R4, R5 and n have the meanings given above
are reacted, for example, with carbonyl chlorides of the formula (IV)
where Qx, A and Qy have the meanings given above,
in the presence of a condensing agent.
Anilines of the formula (V) are known or can be prepared by known methods (for example WO 2007077889).
The compounds of the general formula (I) can furthermore be obtained when
(D) anilines of the formula (VI)
in which R1, R3, R4, R5 and n have the meanings given above
are reacted, for example, with carbonyl chlorides of the formula (IV)
where Qx, A and Qy have the meanings given above,
in the presence of a condensing agent.
Anilines of the formula VI are novel. They can be prepared by the reaction scheme below in which R1, R3, R4, R5 and n have the meanings given above from compounds of the formula VII. Compounds of the formula VII are known (for example WO 2003015519 or Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2007), 17(22), 6274-6279). The reaction of VII with a sulphonamide VIII to give anilines of the formula VI can be carried out by known methods in the presence of, for example, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDCI) and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) (for example J. Med. Chem. 47, 5367; 2004).
The compounds of the general formula (I) can furthermore be obtained when
(E) anilines of the formula (IX)
in which R1, R3, R4, R5 and n have the meanings given above
are reacted, for example, with carbonyl chlorides of the formula (IV)
where Qx, A and Qy have the meanings given above,
in the presence of a condensing agent.
Anilines of the formula (IX) are known and/or can be prepared by known methods (for example WO 200662978, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2007), 17(22), 6274-6279 or Angewandte Chemie 93, (1981), 914-915).
The active compounds according to the invention, in combination with good plant tolerance and favourable toxicity to warm-blooded animals and being tolerated well by the environment, are suitable for protecting plants and plant organs, for increasing the harvest yields, for improving the quality of the harvested material and for controlling animal pests, in particular insects, arachnids, helminths, nematodes and mollusks, which are encountered in agriculture, in horticulture, in animal husbandry, in forests, in gardens and leisure facilities, in the protection of stored products and of materials, and in the hygiene sector. They can preferably be used as crop protection compositions. They are active against normally sensitive and resistant species and against all or some stages of development. The abovementioned pests include:
From the order of the Anoplura (Phthiraptera), for example, Damalinia spp., Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Trichodectes spp.
From the class of the Arachnida, for example, Acarus siro, Aceria sheldoni, Aculops spp., Aculus spp., Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eotetranychus spp., Epitrimerus pyri, Eutetranychus spp., Eriophyes spp., Hemitarsonemus spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Latrodectus mactans, Metatetranychus spp., Oligonychus spp., Ornithodoros spp., Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Scorpio maurus, Stenotarsonemus spp., Tarsonemus spp., Tetranychus spp., Vasates lycopersici.
From the class of the Bivalva, for example, Dreissena spp.
From the order of the Chilopoda, for example, Geophilus spp., Scutigera spp.
From the order of the Coleoptera, for example, Acanthoscelides obtectus, Adoretus spp., Agelastica alni, Agriotes spp., Amphimallon solstitialis, Anobium punctatum, Anoplophora spp., Anthonomus spp., Anthrenus spp., Apogonia spp., Atomaria spp., Attagenus spp., Bruchidius obtectus, Bruchus spp., Ceuthorhynchus spp., Cleonus mendicus, Conoderus spp., Cosmopolites spp., Costelytra zealandica, Curculio spp., Cryptorhynchus lapathi, Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., Epilachna spp., Faustinus cubae, Gibbium psylloides, Heteronychus arator, Hylamorpha elegans, Hylotrupes bajulus, Hypera postica, Hypothenemus spp., Lachnosterna consanguinea, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Lixus spp., Lyctus spp., Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha melolontha, Migdolus spp., Monochamus spp., Naupactus xanthographus, Niptus hololeucus, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Oxycetonia jucunda, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllophaga spp., Popillia japonica, Premnotrypes spp., Psylliodes chrysocephala, Ptinus spp., Rhizobius ventralis, Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus spp., Sphenophorus spp., Sternechus spp., Symphyletes spp., Tenebrio molitor, Tribolium spp., Trogoderma spp., Tychius spp., Xylotrechus spp., Zabrus spp.
From the order of the Collembola, for example, Onychiurus armatus.
From the order of the Dermaptera, for example, Forficula auricularia.
From the order of the Diplopoda, for example, Blaniulus guttulatus.
From the order of the Diptera, for example, Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Bibio hortulanus, Calliphora erythrocephala, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomyia spp., Cochliomyia spp., Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus oleae, Dermatobia hominis, Drosophila spp., Fannia spp., Gastrophilus spp., Hylemyia spp., Hyppobosca spp., Hypoderma spp., Liriomyza spp. Lucilia spp., Musca spp., Nezara spp., Oestrus spp., Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia spp., Stomoxys spp., Tabanus spp., Tannia spp., Tipula paludosa, Wohlfahrtia spp.
From the class of the Gastropoda, for example, Anion spp., Biomphalaria spp., Bulinus spp., Deroceras spp., Galba spp., Lymnaea spp., Oncomelania spp., Succinea spp.
From the class of the helminths, for example, Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Acylostoma braziliensis, Ancylostoma spp., Ascaris lubricoides, Ascaris spp., Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Bunostomum spp., Chabertia spp., Clonorchis spp., Cooperia spp., Dicrocoelium spp., Dictyocaulus filaria, Diphyllobothrium latum, Dracunculus medinensis, Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis, Enterobius vermicularis, Faciola spp., Haemonchus spp., Heterakis spp., Hymenolepis nana, Hyostrongulus spp., Loa Loa, Nematodirus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Opisthorchis spp., Onchocerca volvulus, Ostertagia spp., Paragonimus spp., Schistosomen spp., Strongyloides fuelleborni, Strongyloides stercoralis, Stronyloides spp., Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella nativa, Trichinella britovi, Trichinella nelsoni, Trichinella pseudopsiralis, Trichostrongulus spp., Trichuris trichuria, Wuchereria bancrofti.
It is furthermore possible to control protozoa, such as Eimeria.
From the order of the Heteroptera, for example, Anasa tristis, Antestiopsis spp., Blissus spp., Calocoris spp., Campylomma livida, Cavelerius spp., Cimex spp., Creontiades dilutus, Dasynus piperis, Dichelops furcatus, Diconocoris hewetti, Dysdercus spp., Euschistus spp., Eurygaster spp., Heliopeltis spp., Horcias nobilellus, Leptocorisa spp., Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus spp., Macropes excavatus, Miridae, Nezara spp., Oebalus spp., Pentomidae, Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus spp., Psallus seriatus, Pseudacysta persea, Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scotinophora spp., Stephanitis nashi, Tibraca spp., Triatoma spp.
From the order of the Homoptera, for example, Acyrthosipon spp., Aeneolamia spp., Agonoscena spp., Aleurodes spp., Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus spp., Amrasca spp., Anuraphis cardui, Aonidiella spp., Aphanostigma piri, Aphis spp., Arboridia apicalis, Aspidiella spp., Aspidiotus spp., Atanus spp., Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia spp., Brachycaudus helichrysii, Brachycolus spp., Brevicoryne brassicae, Calligypona marginata, Carneocephala fulgida, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Cercopidae, Ceroplastes spp., Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Chionaspis tegalensis, Chlorita onukii, Chromaphis juglandicola, Chrysomphalus ficus, Cicadulina mbila, Coccomytilus halli, Coccus spp., Cryptomyzus ribis, Dalbulus spp., Dialeurodes spp., Diaphorina spp., Diaspis spp., Doralis spp., Drosicha spp., Dysaphis spp., Dysmicoccus spp., Empoasca spp., Eriosoma spp., Erythroneura spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Geococcus coffeae, Homalodisca coagulata, Hyalopterus arundinis, Icerya spp., Idiocerus spp., Idioscopus spp., Laodelphax striatellus, Lecanium spp., Lepidosaphes spp., Lipaphis erysimi, Macrosiphum spp., Mahanarva fimbriolata, Melanaphis sacchari, Metcalfiella spp., Metopolophium dirhodum, Monellia costalis, Monelliopsis pecanis, Myzus spp., Nasonovia ribisnigri, Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata lugens, Oncometopia spp., Orthezia praelonga, Parabemisia myricae, Paratrioza spp., Parlatoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Peregrinus maidis, Phenacoccus spp., Phloeomyzus passerinii, Phorodon humuli, Phylloxera spp., Pinnaspis aspidistrae, Planococcus spp., Protopulvinaria pyriformis, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp., Pteromalus spp., Pyrilla spp., Quadraspidiotus spp., Quesada gigas, Rastrococcus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoides titanus, Schizaphis graminum, Selenaspidus articulatus, Sogata spp., Sogatella furcifera, Sogatodes spp., Stictocephala festina, Tenalaphara malayensis, Tinocallis caryaefoliae, Tomaspis spp., Toxoptera spp., Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza spp., Typhlocyba spp., Unaspis spp., Viteus vitifolii.
From the order of the Hymenoptera, for example, Diprion spp., Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis and Vespa spp.
From the order of the Isopoda, for example, Armadillidium vulgare, Oniscus asellus and Porcellio scaber.
From the order of the Isoptera, for example, Reticulitermes spp. and Odontotermes spp.
From the order of the Lepidoptera, for example, Acronicta major, Aedia leucomelas, Agrotis spp., Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia spp., Barathra brassicae, Bucculatrix thurberiella, Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana, Carpocapsa pomonella, Chematobia brumata, Chilo spp., Choristoneura fumiferana, Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocerus spp., Earias insulana, Ephestia kuehniella, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Euxoa spp., Feltia spp., Galleria mellonella, Helicoverpa spp., Heliothis spp., Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Homona magnanima, Hyponomeuta padella, Laphygma spp., Lithocolletis blancardella, Lithophane antennata, Loxagrotis albicosta, Lymantria spp., Malacosoma neustria, Mamestra brassicae, Mocis repanda, Mythimna separata, Oria spp., Oulema oryzae, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris spp., Plutella xylostella, Prodenia spp., Pseudaletia spp., Pseudoplusia includens, Pyrausta nubilalis, Spodoptera spp., Thermesia gemmatalis, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselliella, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia spp.
From the order of the Orthoptera, for example, Acheta domesticus, Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica, Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Melanoplus spp., Periplaneta americana, Schistocerca gregaria.
From the order of the Siphonaptera, for example, Ceratophyllus spp. and Xenopsylla cheopis.
From the order of the Symphyla, for example, Scutigerella immaculata.
From the order of the Thysanoptera, for example, Baliothrips biformis, Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniella spp., Heliothrips spp., Hercinothrips femoralis, Kakothrips spp., Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips spp., Taeniothrips cardamoni and Thrips spp.
From the order of the Thysanura, for example, Lepisma saccharina.
The phytoparasitic nematodes include, for example, Anguina spp., Aphelenchoides spp., Belonoaimus spp., Bursaphelenchus spp., Ditylenchus dipsaci, Globodera spp., Heliocotylenchus spp., Heterodera spp., Longidorus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp., Radopholus similis, Rotylenchus spp., Trichodorus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp., Tylenchulus spp., Tylenchulus semipenetrans and Xiphinema spp.
The effectiveness of the compounds of the formula (I) can be increased by adding ammonium salts and phosphonium salts. The ammonium salts and phosphonium salts are defined by formula (XXIV)
in which
D represents nitrogen or phosphorus,
D preferably represents nitrogen,
R11, R12, R13 and R14 independently of one another represent hydrogen or in each case optionally substituted C1-C8-alkyl or mono- or polyunsaturated, optionally substituted C1-C8-alkylene where the substituents may be selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro and cyano,
R11, R12, R13 and R14 preferably independently of one another represent hydrogen or in each case optionally substituted C1-C4-alkyl, where the substituents may be selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro and cyano,
R11, R12, R13 and R14 particularly preferably independently of one another represent hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl or t-butyl,
R11, R12, R13 and R14 very particularly preferably represent hydrogen,
The ammonium salts and phosphonium salts of the formula (XXIV) can be used in a wide concentration range for increasing the effect of crop protection compositions comprising compounds of the formula (I). In general, the ammonium salts or phosphonium salts are used in the ready-to-use crop protection composition in a concentration of from 0.5 to 80 mmol/l, preferably 0.75 to 37.5 mmol/l, particularly preferably 1.5 to 25 mmol/l. In the case of a formulated product, the concentration of ammonium salt and/or phosphonium salt in the formulation is selected such that it is within these stated general, preferred or particularly preferred ranges following dilution of the formulation to the desired active compound concentration. The concentration of the salt in the formulation here is usually 1-50% by weight.
In one preferred embodiment of the invention, it is not an ammonium salt and/or phosphonium salt, but a penetrant, that is added to the crop protection compositions to increase the activity. An activity increase can be observed even in these cases. The present invention thus also provides the use of a penetrant, and also the use of a combination of penetrant and ammonium salts and/or phosphonium salts for increasing the activity of crop protection compositions which comprise acaricidally/insecticidally active compounds of the formula (I) as active compound. Finally, the invention also provides the use of these compositions for controlling harmful insects.
Suitable penetrants in the present context are all those substances which are usually used for improving the penetration of agrochemical active compounds into plants. Penetrants are defined in this context by their ability to penetrate from the aqueous spray liquor and/or from the spray coating into the cuticle of the plant and thereby increase the mobility of active compounds in the cuticle. The method described in the literature (Baur et al., 1997, Pesticide Science 51, 131-152) can be used for determining this property.
Suitable penetrants are, for example, alkanol alkoxylates. Penetrants according to the invention are alkanol alkoxylates of the formula
R—O-(-AO)V—R′ (XXV)
in which
A preferred group of penetrants are alkanol alkoxylates of the formula
R—O-(-EO—)n—R′ (XXV-a)
in which
R has the meaning given above,
R′ has the meaning given above,
EO represents —CH2—CH2—O— and
n represents a number from 2 to 20.
A further preferred group of penetrants are alkanol alkoxylates of the formula
R—O-(-EO—)p—(—PO—)q—R′ (XXV-b)
in which
R has the meaning given above,
R′ has the meaning given above,
EO represents —CH2—CH2—O—,
PO represents
p represents a number from 1 to 10 and
q represents a number from 1 to 10.
A further preferred group of penetrants are alkanol alkoxylates of the formula
R—O—(—PO-)r-(EO—)S—R′ (XXV-c)
in which
R has the meaning given above,
R′ has the meaning given above,
EO represents —CH2—CH2—O—,
PO represents
r represents a number from 1 to 10 and
s represents a number from 1 to 10.
A further preferred group of penetrants are alkanol alkoxylates of the formula
R—O-(-EO—)p—(—BO—)q—R′ (XXV-d)
in which
R and R′ have the meanings given above,
EO represents —CH2—CH2—O—,
BO represents
p represents a number from 1 to 10 and
q represents a number from 1 to 10.
A further preferred group of penetrants are alkanol alkoxylates of the formula
R—O—(—BO-)r-(-EO—)S—R′ (XXV-e)
in which
R and R′ have the meanings given above,
BO represents
EO represents —CH2—CH2—O—,
r represents a number from 1 to 10 and
s represents a number from 1 to 10.
A further preferred group of penetrants are alkanol alkoxylates of the formula
CH3—(CH2)t—CH2—O—(—CH2—CH2—O—)u—R′ (XXV-f)
in which
R′ has the meaning given above,
t represents a number from 8 to 13,
y represents a number from 6 to 17.
In the formulae given above,
R preferably represents butyl, isobutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, n-octyl, isooctyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, isononyl, decyl, n-dodecyl, isododecyl, lauryl, myristyl, isotridecyl, trimethylnonyl, palmityl, stearyl or eicosyl.
As an example of an alkanol alkoxylate of the formula (XXV-c), mention may be made of 2-ethylhexyl alkoxylate of the formula
in which
EO represents —CH2—CH2—O—,
PO represents and
the numbers 8 and 6 represent average values.
As an example of an alkanol alkoxylate of the formula (XII-d), mention may be made of the formula
CH3—(CH2)10—O-(-EO-)6—(—BO—)2—CH3 (XXV-d-1)
in which
EO represents —CH2—CH2—O—,
BO represents and
the numbers 10, 6 and 2 represent average values.
Particularly preferred alkanol alkoxylates of the formula (XXV-f) are compounds of this formula in which
t represents a number from 9 to 12 and
u represents a number from 7 to 9.
With very particular preference, mention may be made of alkanol alkoxylate of the formula (XXV-f-1)
CH3—(CH2)t—CH2—O—(—CH2—CH2—O—)u—R′ (XXV-f-1)
in which
t represents the average value 10.5 and
u represents the average value 8.4.
The above formulae provide general definitions of the alkanol alkoxylates. These substances are mixtures of substances of the stated type with different chain lengths. The indices are therefore average values which may also deviate from whole numbers.
The alkanol alkoxylates of the stated formulae are known, and some of them are commercially available or can be prepared by known methods (cf. WO 98/35 553, WO 00/35 278 and EP-A 0 681 865)
Suitable penetrants also include, for example, substances which promote the solubility of the compounds of the formula (I) in the spray coating. These include, for example, mineral and vegetable oils. Suitable oils are all mineral or vegetable oils—modified or otherwise—which can usually be used in agrochemical compositions. By way of example, mention may be made of sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, castor oil, colza oil, maize seed oil, cottonseed oil and soybean oil or the esters of said oils. Preference is given to rapeseed oil, sunflower oil and their methyl or ethyl esters.
The concentration of penetrant can be varied within a wide range. In the case of a formulated crop protection composition, it is generally 1 to 95% by weight, preferably 1 to 55% by weight, particularly preferably 15-40% by weight. In the ready-to-use compositions (spray liquors), the concentrations are generally between 0.1 and 10 g/l, preferably between 0.5 and 5 g/l.
Inventively emphasized combinations of active compound, salt and penetrant are listed in the table below. Here, “according to test” means that any compound which acts as penetrant in the cuticle penetration test (Baur et al., 1997, Pesticide Science 51, 131-152) is suitable.
If appropriate, the compounds according to the invention can, at certain concentrations or application rates, also be used as herbicides, safeners, growth regulators or agents to improve plant properties, or as microbicides, for example as fungicides, antimycotics, bactericides, viricides (including agents against viroids) or as agents against MLO (mycoplasma-like organisms) and RLO (rickettsia-like organisms). If appropriate, they can also be used as intermediates or precursors for the synthesis of other active compounds.
The active compounds can be converted into the customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, water- and oil-based suspensions, powders, dusts, pastes, soluble powders, soluble granules, granules for broadcasting, suspoemulsion concentrates, natural compounds impregnated with active compound, synthetic substances impregnated with active compound, fertilizers and also microencapsulations in polymeric substances.
These formulations are produced in a known manner, for example by mixing the active compounds with extenders, i.e. liquid solvents, and/or solid carriers, optionally with the use of surfactants, i.e. emulsifiers and/or dispersants, and/or foam formers. The formulations are produced either in suitable plants or else before or during application.
Suitable for use as auxiliaries are substances which are suitable for imparting to the composition itself and/or to preparations derived therefrom (for example spray liquors, seed dressings) particular properties such as certain technical properties and/or also particular biological properties. Typical auxiliaries include: extenders, solvents and carriers.
Suitable extenders are, for example, water, polar and nonpolar organic chemical liquids, for example from the classes of the aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons (such as paraffins, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorobenzenes), the alcohols and polyols (which, if appropriate, may also be substituted, etherified and/or esterified), the ketones (such as acetone, cyclohexanone), esters (including fats and oils) and (poly)ethers, the unsubstituted and substituted amines, amides, lactams (such as N-alkypyrrolidones) and lactones, the sulphones and sulphoxides (such as dimethyl sulphoxide).
If the extender used is water, it is also possible to employ, for example, organic solvents as auxiliary solvents. Essentially, suitable liquid solvents are: aromatics such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example petroleum fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols such as butanol or glycol and also their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethyl sulphoxide, and also water.
Suitable solid carriers are:
for example ammonium salts and natural rock flours, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and synthetic rock flours, such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates; useful solid carriers for granules include: for example, crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, and also synthetic granules of inorganic and organic flours, and granules of organic material such as paper, sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks; useful emulsifiers and/or foam-formers include: for example nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulphonates, alkyl sulphates, arylsulphonates and also protein hydrolysates; suitable dispersants are nonionic and/or ionic substances, for example from the classes of the alcohol-POE and/or -POP ethers, acid and/or POP POE esters, alkylaryl and/or POP POE ethers, fat and/or POP POE adducts, POE- and/or POP-polyol derivatives, POE- and/or POP-sorbitan or -sugar adducts, alkyl or aryl sulphates, alkyl- or arylsulphonates and alkyl or aryl phosphates or the corresponding PO-ether adducts. Furthermore, suitable oligomers or polymers, for example those derived from vinylic monomers, from acrylic acid, from EO and/or PO alone or in combination with, for example, (poly)alcohols or (poly)amines. It is also possible to use lignin and its sulphonic acid derivatives, unmodified and modified celluloses, aromatic and/or aliphatic sulphonic acids and also their adducts with formaldehyde.
Tackifiers such as carboxymethylcellulose and natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or lattices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, or else natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids can be used in the formulations.
It is possible to use colorants such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue, and organic colorants such as alizarin colorants, azo colorants and metal phthalocyanine colorants, and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
Other possible additives are perfumes, mineral or vegetable oils which are optionally modified, waxes and nutrients (including trace nutrients), such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
Stabilizers, such as low-temperature stabilizers, preservatives, antioxidants, light stabilizers or other agents which improve chemical and/or physical stability, may also be present.
The formulations generally comprise between 0.01 and 98% by weight of active compound, preferably between 0.5 and 90%.
The active compounds according to the invention can be used as such or in formulations thereof, including in a mixture with one or more suitable fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, insecticides, microbiologics, fertilizers, attractants, phytotonics, sterilants, synergists, safeners, semiochemicals and/or plant growth regulators, in order thus, for example, to broaden the spectrum of action, to prolong the duration of action, to increase the rate of action, to prevent repulsion or prevent evolution of resistance. Furthermore, such combinations can improve plant growth and tolerance to abiotic factors such as, for example, high or low temperatures, drought or increased levels of water or soil salinity. Furthermore, active compound combinations of this kind can improve flowering and fruiting behaviour, optimize the capacity for germination and rooting and increase harvest yields, modulate ripening, increase the quality and/or the nutritional value of the harvested products, prolong storage life and/or improve the processability of the harvested products. In general, by combining the active compounds according to the invention and mixing partners, synergistic effects are obtained, i.e. the activity of the mixture in question is greater than the activity of the individual components. In general, the combinations can be used not only in premixes, tankmixes and readymixes but also in seed applications.
The active compounds identified here by their common name are known and are described, for example, in the pesticide handbook (“The Pesticide Manual” 14th Ed., British Crop Protection Council 2006) or can be found on the Internet (e.g. http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides).
(1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, for example
carbamates, for example alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metalcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb; or
organophosphates, for example acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos (-methyl, -ethyl), cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos (-methyl), coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl)salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbame, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion (-methyl), phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos (-methyl), profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, triclorfon and vamidothion.
(2) GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, for example
organochlorines, for example chlordane and endosulfan (alpha-); or
fiproles (phenylpyrazoles), for example ethiprole, fipronil, pyrafluprole and pyriprole.
(3) Sodium channel modulators/voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, for example
pyrethroids, for example acrinathrin, allethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans), bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin-S-cyclopentenyl, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin (beta-), cyhalothrin (gamma-, lambda-), cypermethrin (alpha-, beta-, theta-, zeta-), cyphenothrin [(1R)-trans-isomers], deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(1R)-isomers], esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, fluvalinate (tau-), halfenprox, imiprothrin, metofluthrin, permethrin, phenothrin [(1R)-trans-isomer], prallethrin, profluthrin, pyrethrins (pyrethrum), resmethrin, RU 15525, silafluofen, tefluthrin, tetramethrin [(1R)-isomers], tralomethrin, transfluthrin and ZXI 8901; DDT; or methoxychlor.
(4) Nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor agonists, for example
neonicotinoids, for example acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam; or nicotine.
(5) Allosteric acetylcholine receptor modulators (agonists), for example
spinosyns, for example spinetoram and spinosad.
(6) Chloride channel activators, for example
avermectins/milbemycins, for example abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin and milbemectin.
(7) Juvenile hormone analogues, for example hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene; or fenoxycarb; pyriproxyfen.
(8) Active compounds with unknown or nonspecific mechanisms of action, for example
fumigants, for example methyl bromide and other alkyl halides; or
chloropicrin; sulphuryl fluoride; borax; tartar emetic.
(9) Selective antifeedants, for example pymetrozine; or flonicamid.
(10) Mite growth inhibitors, for example clofentezine, diflovidazin, hexythiazox, etoxazole.
(11) Microbial disruptors of the insect gut membrane, for example Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and BT plant proteins, for example Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34/35Ab1.
(12) Oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors, ATP disruptors, for example diafenthiuron; or
organotin compounds, for example azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide; or
propargite; tetradifon.
(13) Oxidative phosphorylation decouplers acting by interrupting the H proton gradient, such as, for example, chlorfenapyr and DNOC.
(14) Nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor antagonists, such as, for example, bensultap, cartap (hydrochloride), thiocylam, and thiosultap (sodium).
(15) Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, type 0, such as, for example, benzoylureas, for example bistrifluoron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron.
(16) Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, type 1, such as, for example, buprofezin.
(17) Moulting disruptors, such as, for example, cyromazine.
(18) Ecdysone agonists/disruptors, for example diacylhydrazines, for example chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide.
(19) Octopaminergic agonists, such as, for example, amitraz.
(20) Complex-III electron transport inhibitors, such as, for example, hydramethylnone; acequinocyl; fluacrypyrim.
(21) Complex-I electron transport inhibitors, for example from the group of the METI acaricides, for example fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad; or
rotenone (Derris).
(22) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, for example indoxacarb; metaflumizone.
(23) Inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, such as, for example, tetronic acid derivatives, for example spirodiclofen and spiromesifen; or tetramic acid derivatives, for example spirotetramat.
(24) Complex-IV electron transport inhibitors, such as, for example, phosphines, for example aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine, zinc phosphide; or cyanide.
(25) Complex-II electron transport inhibitors, for example cyenopyrafen.
(28) Ryanodine receptor effectors, such as, for example, diamides, for example chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr), cyantraniliprole (Cyazypyr) and flubendiamide.
Further active compounds with unknown mechanism of action, for example azadirachtin, amidoflumet, benzoximate, bifenazate, chinomethionat, cryolite, cyflumetofen, dicofol, fluensulfone (5-chloro-2-[(3,4,4-trifluorobut-3-en-1-yl)sulphonyl]-1,3-thiazole), flufenerim, pyridalyl and pyrifluquinazon; and also products based on Bacillus firmus (1-1582, BioNeem, Votivo) and the following known active compounds:
4-{[(6-bromopyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115644), 4-{[(6-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115644), 4-{[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl] (2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115644), 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115644), 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115644), 4-{[(6-chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115643), 4-{[(5,6-dichloropyrid-3-yl)methyl] (2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115646), 4-{[(6-chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115643), 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from EP-A-0 539 588), 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from EP-A-0 539 588), [(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide (known from WO 2007/149134), [1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide (known from WO 2007/149134) and its diastereomers (A) and (B)
(likewise known from WO 2007/149134), [(6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl)methyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulphanylidenecyanamide (known from WO 2007/095229), sulfoxaflor (likewise known from WO 2007/149134), 11-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-[2-hydroxy-1,4-dioxa-9-azadispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradec-11-en-10-one (known from WO 2006/089633), 3-(4′-fluoro-2,4-dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one (known from WO 2008/067911) and 1-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulphinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-amine (known from WO 2006/043635).
Fungicides:
(1) Ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, for example aldimorph, azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, dodemorph, dodemorph acetate, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenarimol, fenbuconazole, fenhexamid, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fluquinconazole, flurprimidol, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, imazalil, imazalil sulphate, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, naftifin, nuarimol, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole, pefurazoate, penconazole, piperalin, prochloraz, propiconazole, prothioconazole, pyributicarb, pyrifenox, quinconazole, simeconazole, spiroxamine, tebuconazole, terbinafine, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, tridemorph, triflumizole, triforine, triticonazole, uniconazole, uniconazole-p, viniconazole, voriconazole, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)cycloheptanol, methyl 1-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate, N′-{5-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-4-[3-(trimethylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, N-ethyl-N-methyl-N′-{2-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4-[3-(trimethylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}imidoformamide and O-[1-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl]1H-imidazole-1-carbothioate.
(2) Respiration inhibitors (respiratory chain inhibitors), for example bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, diflumetorim, fenfuram, fluopyram, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, furmecyclox, isopyrazam mixture of the syn-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS and of the anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR, isopyrazam (anti-epimeric racemate), isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9S), isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9R), isopyrazam (syn-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS), isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9R), isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9S), mepronil, oxycarboxin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, thifluzamide, 1-methyl-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[2(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[4-fluoro-2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropoxy)phenyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide and N-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide.
(3) Respiration inhibitors (respiratory chain inhibitors) acting on complex III of the respiratory chain, for example ametoctradin, amisulbrom, azoxystrobin, cyazofamid, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, famoxadone, fenamidone, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyribencarb, trifloxystrobin, (2E)-2-(2-{[6-(3-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl]oxy}phenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide, (2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-(2-{[({(1E)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino)oxy]methyl}phenyl)ethanamide, (2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-{2-[(E)-({1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}imino)methyl]phenyl}ethanamide, (2E)-2-{2-[({[(1E)-1-(3-{[(E)-1-fluoro-2-phenylethenyl]oxy}phenyl)ethylidene]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide, (2E)-2-{2-[({[(2E,3E)-4-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)but-3-en-2-ylidene]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide, 2-chloro-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, 5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2-{[({(1E)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino)oxy]methyl}phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one, methyl(2E)-2-{2-[({cyclopropyl[(4-methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl}sulphanyl)methyl]phenyl}-3-methoxyprop-2-enoate, N-(3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-(formylamino)-2-hydroxybenzamide, 2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide and (2R)-2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide.
(4) Mitosis and cell division inhibitors, for example benomyl, carbendazim, chlorfenazole, diethofencarb, ethaboxam, fluopicolide, fuberidazole, pencycuron, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl, thiophanate, zoxamide, 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and 3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridazine.
(5) Compounds with multisite activity, for example Bordeaux mixture, captafol, captan, chlorothalonil, copper formulations such as copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulphate, dichlofluanid, dithianon, dodine, dodine free base, ferbam, fluorofolpet, folpet, guazatine, guazatine acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine albesilate, iminoctadine triacetate, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, metiram zinc, oxine-copper, propamidine, propineb, sulphur and sulphur preparations, for example calcium polysulphide, thiram, tolylfluanid, zineb and ziram.
(6) Resistance inductors, for example acibenzolar-S-methyl, isotianil, probenazole and tiadinil.
(7) Amino acid and protein biosynthesis inhibitors, for example andoprim, blasticidin-S, cyprodinil, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, mepanipyrim and pyrimethanil.
(8) ATP production inhibitors, for example fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide and silthiofam.
(9) Cell wall synthesis inhibitors, for example benthiavalicarb, dimethomorph, flumorph, iprovalicarb, mandipropamid, polyoxins, polyoxorim, validamycin A and valifenalate.
(10) Lipid and membrane synthesis inhibitors, for example biphenyl, chloroneb, dicloran, edifenphos, etridiazole, iodocarb, iprobenfos, isoprothiolane, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochloride, prothiocarb, pyrazophos, quintozene, tecnazene and tolclofos-methyl.
(11) Melanin biosynthesis inhibitors, for example carpropamid, diclocymet, fenoxanil, phthalide, pyroquilon and tricyclazole.
(12) Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors, for example benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl), bupirimate, clozylacon, dimethirimol, ethirimol, furalaxyl, hymexazol, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), ofurace, oxadixyl, oxolinic acid.
(13) Signal transduction inhibitors, for example chlozolinate, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil, iprodione, procymidone, quinoxyfen and vinclozolin.
(14) Decouplers, for example binapacryl, dinocap, ferimzone, fluazinam and meptyldinocap.
(15) Further compounds, for example benthiazole, bethoxazin, capsimycin, carvone, chinomethionat, chlazafenone, cufraneb, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, cyprosulfamide, dazomet, debacarb, dichlorophen, diclomezine, difenzoquat, difenzoquat methylsulphate, diphenylamine, ecomat, fenpyrazamine, flumetover, fluoromide, flusulfamide, flutianil, fosetyl-aluminium, fosetyl-calcium, fosetyl-sodium, hexachlorobenzene, irumamycin, methasulfocarb, methyl isothiocyanate, metrafenon, mildiomycin, natamycin, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, nitrothal-isopropyl, octhilinone, oxamocarb, oxyfenthiin, pentachlorophenol and salts thereof, phenothrin, phosphoric acid and salts thereof, propamocarb-fosetylate, propanosine-sodium, proquinazid, pyrrolnitrin, tebufloquin, tecloftalam, tolnifanid, triazoxide, trichlamide, zarilamide, 1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone, 1-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone, 1-(4-{-4-[5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone, 1-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl 1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(methylsulphonyl)pyridine, 2,3-dibutyl-6-chlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, 2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1-yl)ethanone, 2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-(4-{4-[(55)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1-yl)ethanone, 2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-{4-[4-(5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]piperidin-1-yl}ethanone, 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propyl-4H-chromen-4-one, 2-chloro-5-[2-chloro-1-(2,6-difluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine, 2-phenylphenol and salts thereof, 3,4,5-trichloropyridine-2,6-dicarbonitrile, 3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-1,2-oxazolidin-3-yl]pyridine, 3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-3,6-dimethylpyridazine, 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, 5-chloro-N′-phenyl-N′-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)thiophene-2-sulphonohydrazide, 5-methyl-6-octyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-7-amine, ethyl (2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylprop-2-enoate, N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]propanamide, N-[(4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl]-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]propanamide, N-[(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,4-dichloropyridine-3-carboxamide, N-[1-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2,4-dichloropyridine-3-carboxamide, N-[1-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2-fluoro-4-iodopyridine-3-carboxamide, N-{(E)-[(cyclopropylmethoxy)imino][6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl]methyl}-2-phenylacetamide, N-{(Z)-[(cyclopropylmethoxy)imino][6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl]methyl}-2-phenylacetamide, N-methyl-2-(1-{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, N-methyl-2-(1-{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-N-[(1R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, N-methyl-2-(1-{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-N-[(1S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, pentyl {6-[({[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methylidene]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}carbamate, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, quinolin-8-ol and quinolin-8-ol sulphate (2:1).
(16) Further compounds, for example 1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2′-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4′-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2′,4′-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[4′-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2′,5′-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[4′-(prop-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-N-[4′-(prop-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 2-chloro-N-[4′-(prop-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[4′-(3,3-dimethylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-[4′-(3,3-dimethylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(4′-ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4′-ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 2-chloro-N-(4′-ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-chloro-N-[4′-(3,3-dimethylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide, 4-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-N-[4′-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide, 5-fluoro-N-[4′-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 2-chloro-N-[4′-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[4′-(3-methoxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 5-fluoro-N-[4′-(3-methoxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 2-chloro-N-[4′-(3-methoxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine -3-carboxamide, (5-bromo-2-methoxy-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)(2,3,4-trimethoxy-6-methylphenyl)methanone and N-[2-(4-{[3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl]oxy}-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N2-(methylsulphonyl)valinamide.
All of the listed mixing partners of classes (1) to (16) may form salts, where appropriate, with suitable bases or acids, provided they are capable of so doing on the basis of their functional groups.
A mixture with other known active compounds, such as herbicides, fertilizers, growth regulators, safeners, semiochemicals, or else with agents for improving the plant properties, is also possible.
When used as insecticides, the active compounds according to the invention may also be present in their commercially available formulations and in the use forms, prepared from these formulations, as a mixture with synergists. Synergists are compounds which enhance the action of the active compounds, without any need for the synergist added to be active itself.
When used as insecticides, the active compounds according to the invention can furthermore be present in their commercially available formulations and in the use forms, prepared from these formulations, as a mixture with inhibitors which reduce degradation of the active compound after use in the environment of the plant, on the surface of parts of plants or in plant tissues.
The active compound content of the use forms prepared from the commercially available formulations may vary within wide limits. The active compound concentration of the application forms may be from 0.00000001 to 95% by weight of active compound, preferably between 0.00001 and 1% by weight.
The compounds are employed in a customary manner appropriate for the use forms.
All plants and plant parts can be treated in accordance with the invention. Plants are understood here to mean all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants). Crop plants can thus be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including the transgenic plants and including the plant varieties which can or cannot be protected by varietal property rights. Parts of plants are to be understood as meaning all above-ground and below-ground parts and organs of plants, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, examples which may be mentioned being leaves, needles, stems, trunks, flowers, fruit-bodies, fruits and seeds and also roots, tubers and rhizomes. The plant parts also include harvested material and vegetative and generative propagation material, for example cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, slips and seeds.
Treatment according to the invention of the plants and plant parts with the active compounds is carried out directly or by allowing the compounds to act on their surroundings, environment or storage space by the customary treatment methods, for example by immersion, spraying, evaporation, fogging, scattering, painting on, injection and, in the case of propagation material, in particular in the case of seeds, also by applying one or more coats.
As already mentioned above, it is possible to treat all plants and their parts in accordance with the invention. In a preferred embodiment, wild plant species and plant cultivars, or those obtained by conventional biological breeding, such as crossing or protoplast fusion, and parts thereof, are treated. In a further preferred embodiment, transgenic plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering, if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (Genetically Modified Organisms), and parts thereof are treated. The terms “parts” or “parts of plants” or “plant parts” have been explained above.
More preferably, plants of the plant cultivars which are each commercially available or in use are treated in accordance with the invention. Plant cultivars are to be understood as meaning plants having new properties (“traits”) and which have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. They may be cultivars, biotypes and genotypes.
Depending on the plant species or plant cultivars, and the location and growth conditions (soils, climate, vegetation period, diet) thereof, the inventive treatment may also result in superadditive (“synergistic”) effects. For example, possibilities include reduced application rates and/or broadening of the activity spectrum and/or an increase in the activity of the compounds and compositions usable in accordance with the invention, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to levels of water or soil salinity, enhanced flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated ripening, higher yields, higher quality and/or higher nutritional value of the harvested products, increased storage life and/or processability of the harvested products, which exceed the effects normally to be expected.
The transgenic plants or plant cultivars (those obtained by genetic engineering) which are to be treated with preference in accordance with the invention include all plants which, through the genetic modification, received genetic material which imparts particular advantageous useful properties (“traits”) to these plants. Examples of such properties are better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to levels of water or soil salinity, enhanced flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated ripening, higher yields, higher quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage life and/or processability of the harvested products. Further and particularly emphasized examples of such properties are an improved defense of the plants against animal and microbial pests, such as against insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and/or viruses, and also increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidally active compounds. Examples of transgenic plants which may be mentioned are the important crop plants, such as cereals (wheat, rice), maize, soya beans, potatoes, sugar beet, tomatoes, peas and other types of vegetable, cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape and also fruit plants (with the fruits apples, pears, citrus fruits and grapes), with particular emphasis being given to maize, soy beans, potatoes, cotton, tobacco and oilseed rape. Traits that are emphasized in particular are increased defense of the plants against insects, arachnids, nematodes and slugs and snails by toxins formed in the plants, in particular those formed in the plants by the genetic material from Bacillus thuringiensis (for example by the genes CryIA(a), CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIIA, CryIIIA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CryIF and also combinations thereof) (hereinbelow referred to as “Bt plants”). Traits that are also particularly emphasized are the improved defense of plants against fungi, bacteria and viruses by systemic acquired resistance (SAR), systemin, phytoalexins, elicitors and also resistance genes and correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins. Traits that are additionally particularly emphasized are the increased tolerance of the plants to certain active herbicidal compounds, for example imidazolinones, sulphonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinothricin (for example the “PAT” gene). The genes which impart the desired traits in question may also be present in combinations with one another in the transgenic plants. Examples of “Bt plants” include maize varieties, cotton varieties, soya varieties and potato varieties which are sold under the trade names YIELD GARD® (for example maize, cotton, soya), KnockOut® (for example maize), StarLink® (for example maize), Bollgard® (cotton), Nucotn® (cotton) and NewLeaf® (potato). Examples of herbicide-tolerant plants which may be mentioned are maize varieties, cotton varieties and soy bean varieties which are sold under the trade names Roundup Ready® (tolerance against glyphosate, for example maize, cotton, soy beans), Liberty Link® (tolerance against phosphinothricin, for example oilseed rape), IMI® (tolerance against imidazolinones) and STS® (tolerance against sulphonylureas, for example maize). Herbicide-resistant plants (plants bred in a conventional manner for herbicide tolerance) which may be mentioned include the varieties sold under the name Clearfield® (for example maize). Of course, these statements also apply to plant cultivars which have these genetic traits or genetic traits which are still to be developed and will be developed and/or marketed in the future.
The plants stated can be treated particularly advantageously in accordance with the invention with the compounds of the general formula I or the active compound mixtures according to the invention. The preferred ranges stated above for the active compounds or mixtures also apply to the treatment of these plants. Particular emphasis is given to the treatment of plants with the compounds or mixtures specifically mentioned in the present text.
The active compounds according to the invention act not only against plant, hygiene and stored product pests, but also in the veterinary medicine sector against animal parasites (ecto- and endoparasites), such as hard ticks, soft ticks, mange mites, leaf mites, flies (biting and licking), parasitic fly larvae, lice, hair lice, feather lice and fleas. These parasites include:
From the order of the Anoplurida, for example, Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Phtirus spp. and Solenopotes spp.
From the order of the Mallophagida and the suborders Amblycerina and Ischnocerina, for example, Trimenopon spp., Menopon spp., Trinoton spp., Bovicola spp., Werneckiella spp., Lepikentron spp., Damalina spp., Trichodectes spp. and Felicola spp.
From the order of the Diptera and the suborders Nematocerina and Brachycerina, for example, Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Simulium spp., Eusimulium spp., Phlebotomus spp., Lutzomyia spp., Culicoides spp., Chrysops spp., Hybomitra spp., Atylotus spp., Tabanus spp., Haematopota spp., Philipomyia spp., Braula spp., Musca spp., Hydrotaea spp., Stomoxys spp., Haematobia spp., Morellia spp., Fannia spp., Glossina spp., Calliphora spp., Lucilia spp., Chrysomyia spp., Wohlfahrtia spp., Sarcophaga spp., Oestrus spp., Hypoderma spp., Gasterophilus spp., Hippobosca spp., Lipoptena spp. and Melophagus spp.
From the order of the Siphonapterida, for example Pulex spp., Ctenocephalides spp., Xenopsylla spp. and Ceratophyllus spp.
from the order of the Heteropterida, for example Cimex spp., Triatoma spp., Rhodnius spp., Panstrongylus spp.
From the order of the Blattarida, for example Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, Blattella germanica and Supella spp.
From the subclass of the Acari (Acarina) and the orders of the Meta- and Mesostigmata, for example, Argas spp., Ornithodorus spp., Otobius spp., Ixodes spp., Amblyomma spp., Boophilus spp., Dermacentor spp., Haemophysalis spp., Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Dermanyssus spp., Raillietia spp., Pneumonyssus spp., Sternostoma spp. and Varroa spp.
From the order of the Actinedida (Prostigmata) and Acaridida (Astigmata), for example, Acarapis spp., Cheyletiella spp., Ornithocheyletia spp., Myobia spp., Psorergates spp., Demodex spp., Trombicula spp., Listrophorus spp., Acarus spp., Tyrophagus spp., Caloglyphus spp., Hypodectes spp., Pterolichus spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Otodectes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Notoedres spp., Knemidocoptes spp., Cytodites spp. and Laminosioptes spp.
The inventive active compounds of the formula (I) are also suitable for controlling arthropods which attack agricultural livestock, for example cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, donkeys, camels, buffaloes, rabbits, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, honey-bees, other domestic animals such as, for example, dogs, cats, caged birds, aquarium fish, and experimental animals, for example hamsters, guinea pigs, rats and mice. The control of these arthropods is intended to reduce cases of death and reduced productivity (of meat, milk, wool, hides, eggs, honey etc.), and so more economic and easier animal husbandry is possible by use of the inventive active compounds.
The active compounds according to the invention are used in the veterinary sector and in animal husbandry in a known manner by enteral administration in the form of, for example, tablets, capsules, potions, drenches, granules, pastes, boluses, the feed-through process and suppositories, by parenteral administration, such as, for example, by injection (intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal and the like), implants, by nasal administration, by dermal use in the form, for example, of dipping or bathing, spraying, pouring on and spotting on, washing and powdering, and also with the aid of moulded articles containing the active compound, such as collars, ear marks, tail marks, limb bands, halters, marking devices and the like.
When used for livestock, poultry, domestic animals and the like, the active compounds of the formula (I) can be used as formulations (for example powders, emulsions, flowables) comprising the active compounds in an amount of 1 to 80% by weight, either directly or after 100- to 10 000-fold dilution, or they may be used as a chemical bath.
It has also been found that the inventive compounds have strong insecticidal action against insects which destroy industrial materials.
Preferred but nonlimiting examples include the following insects:
beetles, such as Hylotrupes bajulus, Chlorophorus pilosis, Anobium punctatum, Xestobium rufovillosum, Ptilinus pecticornis, Dendrobium pertinex, Ernobius mollis, Priobium carpini, Lyctus brunneus, Lyctus africanus, Lyctus planicollis, Lyctus linearis, Lyctus pubescens, Trogoxylon aequale, Minthes rugicollis, Xyleborus spec. Tryptodendron spec. Apate monachus, Bostrychus capucins, Heterobostrychus brunneus, Sinoxylon spec. Dinoderus minutus;
dermapterans, such as Sirex juvencus, Urocerus gigas, Urocerus gigas taignus, Urocerus augur;
termites, such as Kalotermes flavicollis, Cryptotermes brevis, Heterotermes indicola, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes santonensis, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Mastotermes darwiniensis, Zootermopsis nevadensis, Coptotermes formosanus;
bristletails, such as Lepisma saccarina.
Industrial materials in the present connection are understood to mean inanimate materials, such as preferably plastics, adhesives, sizes, papers and cards, leather, wood, processed wood products and coating compositions.
The ready-to-use compositions may optionally also comprise other insecticides, and optionally one or more fungicides.
With respect to possible additional partners for mixing, reference is made to the insecticides and fungicides mentioned above.
Moreover, the compounds according to the invention can be employed for protecting objects which come into contact with saltwater or brackish water, in particular hulls, screens, nets, buildings, moorings and signalling systems, against fouling
Furthermore, the compounds according to the invention can be used alone or in combinations with other active compounds as antifouling compositions.
The active compounds are also suitable for controlling animal pests in the domestic sector, in the hygiene sector and in the protection of stored products, especially insects, arachnids and mites, which are found in enclosed spaces, for example homes, factory halls, offices, vehicle cabins and the like. They can be used to control these pests alone or in combination with other active compounds and auxiliaries in domestic insecticide products. They are effective against sensitive and resistant species, and against all developmental stages. These pests include:
From the order of the Scorpionidea, for example, Buthus occitanus.
From the order of the Acarina, for example, Argas persicus, Argas reflexus, Bryobia spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Glyciphagus domesticus, Ornithodorus moubat, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Trombicula alfreddugesi, Neutrombicula autumnalis, Dermatophagoides pteronissimus, Dermatophagoides forinae.
From the order of the Araneae, for example, Aviculariidae, Araneidae.
From the order of the Opiliones, for example, Pseudoscorpiones chelifer, Pseudoscorpiones cheiridium, Opiliones phalangium.
From the order of the Isopoda, for example, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber.
From the order of the Diplopoda, for example, Blaniulus guttulatus, Polydesmus spp.
From the order of the Chilopoda, for example, Geophilus spp.
From the order of the Zygentoma, for example, Ctenolepisma spp., Lepisma saccharina, Lepismodes inquilinus.
From the order of the Blattaria, for example, Blatta orientalies, Blattella germanica, Blattella asahinai, Leucophaea maderae, Panchlora spp., Parcoblatta spp., Periplaneta australasiae, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta fuliginosa, Supella longipalpa.
From the order of the Saltatoria, for example, Acheta domesticus.
From the order of the Dermaptera, for example, Forficula auricularia.
From the order of the Isoptera, for example, Kalotermes spp., Reticulitermes spp.
From the order of the Psocoptera, for example, Lepinatus spp., Liposcelis spp.
From the order of the Coleoptera, for example, Anthrenus spp., Attagenus spp., Dermestes spp., Latheticus oryzae, Necrobia spp., Ptinus spp., Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, Stegobium paniceum.
From the order of the Diptera, for example, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes taeniorhynchus, Anopheles spp., Calliphora erythrocephala, Chrysozona pluvialis, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex pipiens, Culex tarsalis, Drosophila spp., Fannia canicularis, Musca domestica, Phlebotomus spp., Sarcophaga carnaria, Simulium spp., Stomoxys calcitrans, Tipula paludosa.
From the order of the Lepidoptera, for example, Achroia grisella, Galleria mellonella, Plodia interpunctella, Tinea cloacella, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselliella.
From the order of the Siphonaptera, for example, Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, Xenopsylla cheopis.
From the order of the Hymenoptera, for example, Camponotus herculeanus, Lasius fuliginosus, Lasius niger, Lasius umbratus, Monomorium pharaonis, Paravespula spp., Tetramorium caespitum.
From the order of the Anoplura, for example, Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus corporis, Pemphigus spp., Phylloera vastatrix, Phthirus pubis.
From the order of the Heteroptera, for example, Cimex hemipterus, Cimex lectularius, Rhodinus prolixus, Triatoma infestans.
In the field of household insecticides, they are used alone or in combination with other suitable active compounds, such as phosphoric acid esters, carbamates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, growth regulators or active compounds from other known classes of insecticides.
They are used in aerosols, pressure-free spray products, for example pump and atomizer sprays, automatic fogging systems, foggers, foams, gels, evaporator products with evaporator tablets made of cellulose or plastic, liquid evaporators, gel and membrane evaporators, propeller-driven evaporators, energy-free, or passive, evaporation systems, moth papers, moth bags and moth gels, as granules or dusts, in baits for spreading or in bait stations.
1-Difluoromethoxy-6-methylaniline (2.00 g, 11.5 mmol) is dissolved in 10 ml of DMF and cooled using a water bath. A little at a time, 2.26 g (12.7 mmol) of N-bromosuccinimide are then added, and the mixture is stirred at 100° C. for 30 min After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture is poured onto ice-water, whereupon a precipitate is formed. The precipitate is separated off, sat. sodium bicarbonate solution is added to the aqueous mother liquor and the mixture is extracted with dichloromethane (3 times). The combined organic phases are dried over sodium sulphate and, if required, separated chromatographically on silica gel. (logP: 2.84; MH+: 252, 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO, ppm): 2.10 (s, 3H), 4.94, (s, 2H), 7.06 (t, 1H), 7.06 (m, 2H).
1-Bromo-3-difluoromethoxy-6-methylaniline (1.70 g, 6.74 mmol) is initially charged in 7 ml of DMF, and copper(I) cyanide (0.79 g, 8.76 mmol) is added. The reaction is stirred at 150° C. overnight. After cooling to room temperature, the DMF is removed under reduced pressure and 15 ml of water and ethylenediamine (3.6 ml, 53.9 mmol) are added to the residue. The mixture is then stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture is then acidified to pH=5 using hydrochloric acid, and the aqueous phase is extracted with ethyl acetate (6 times). The combined organic phases are dried over sodium sulphate and then purified chromatographically on silica gel. (logP: 1.90; MH+: 199, 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO, ppm): 2.12 (s, 3H), 5.91, (s, 2H), 7.10 (t, 1H), 7.20 (m, 2H).
20 g (128 mmol) of 2-amino-3-methylbenzoic acid are dissolved in 600 ml of dichloromethane, and 10.98 g (115 mmol) of methanesulphonamide, 24.40 g (154 mmol) of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and 15.68 g (128 mmol) of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine are then added under argon. The reaction is stirred at room temperature for 16 h, the solvent is distilled off and the residue is taken up in ethyl acetate and water. The ethyl acetate phase is washed four times with a 1N hydrochloric acid solution and then in each case once with water and a concentrated sodium chloride solution. After drying over sodium sulphate, the desired product is obtained by chromatographic purification.
(logP: 1.10; MH+: 229; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO, ppm): 2.11 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 6.49 (t, 1H), 7.19 (d, 1H), 7.52 (d, 1H), 8.19 (br, s, 3H).
The preparation processes described above can be used to obtain the compounds of the formula (I), some of which may be present as regioisomers. With respect to the NMR data, the table below states the chemical shifts and the corresponding signal intensities; for example, for compound 1:
Signal 1:
8.46; 0.700; for 8.46 ppm (chemical shift), 0.700 (signal intensity);
Signal 2:
8.45; 0.340; for 8.45 ppm (chemical shift), 0.340 (signal intensity);
Analytical Methods:
The logP values reported in the table above and in the Preparation Examples were determined in accordance with EEC Directive 79/831 Annex V.A8 by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) on reversed-phase columns (C 18), with the following methods:
The LC-MS determination in the acidic range is carried out at pH 2.7 using the mobile phases 0.1% aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile (contains 0.1% formic acid), linear gradient from 10% acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile
Calibration was carried out using unbranched alkan-2-ones (having from 3 to 16 carbon atoms) with known logP values (the logP values were determined by the retention times using linear interpolation between two successive alkanones).
The lambda max values were determined in the maxima of the chromatographic signals using the UV spectra from 200 nm to 400 nm.
The MH+ signals were determined using an Agilent MSD system with ESI and positive or negative ionisation.
The NMR spectra were determined using a Bruker Avance 400 fitted with a flow probe head (volume 60 μl). The solvent used was d6-DMSO, with tetramethylsilane (0.00 ppm) being employed as reference. The examples in the table above were recorded in d6-DMSO as solvent, with the exception of Examples Nos. 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 18 and 19, which were recorded in CD3CN as solvent. The measuring temperature is 303K when the solvent used is d6-DMSO and 298K when the solvent used is CD3CN.
In individual cases, the samples were measured using a Bruker Avance II 600 or III 600.
Boophilus microplus Test (BOOPMI Injection)
Solvent: dimethyl sulphoxide
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 10 mg of active compound are mixed with 0.5 ml of solvent and the concentrate is diluted with solvent to the desired concentration.
The active compound solution is injected into the abdomen (Boophilus microplus), and the animals are transferred into dishes and stored in a climate-controlled room. The activity is assessed by position of fertile eggs.
After 7 days, the effect in % is determined 100% means that none of the ticks has laid any fertile eggs.
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show an activity of 100% at an application rate of 10 μg/animal: 6, 7
Lucilia cuprina Test (LUCICU)
Solvent: dimethyl sulphoxide
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 10 mg of active compound are mixed with 0.5 ml of dimethyl sulphoxide and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
Vessels containing horse meat treated with the active compound of the desired concentration are populated with about 20 Lucilia cuprina larvae.
After 2 days, the kill in % is determined 100% means that all of the larvae have been killed; 0% means that none of the larvae have been killed.
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show an efficacy of 100% at an application rate of 100 ppm: 6, 7, 8, 9
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show an efficacy of 90% at an application rate of 100 ppm: 12
Musca domestica Test (MUSCDO)
Solvent: dimethyl sulphoxide
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 10 mg of active compound are mixed with 0.5 ml of dimethyl sulphoxide and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
Vessels containing a sponge treated with the active compound preparation of the desired concentration are populated with adult Musca domestica.
After 2 days, the kill in % is determined 100% means that all of the flies have been killed; 0% means that none of the flies have been killed.
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show an efficacy of 90% at an application rate of 100 ppm: 6
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show an efficacy of 80% at an application rate of 100 ppm: 9
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show an efficacy of 90% at an application rate of 20 ppm: 7
Spodoptera frugiperda Test (SPODFR Spray Treatment)
Solvents: 78.0 parts by weight of acetone
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amount of solvents and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containing water to the desired concentration.
Discs of maize leaves (Zea mays) are sprayed with an active compound preparation of the desired concentration and, after drying, populated with caterpillars of the armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda).
After 7 days, the effect in % is determined. 100% means that all caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that none of the caterpillars have been killed.
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show, at an application rate of 500 g/ha, an activity of 100%:12
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show, at an application rate of 100 g/ha, an activity of 100%:2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 26, 29, 35, 36
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show, at an application rate of 100 g/ha, an activity of 83%:21, 27, 30, 31
Solvents: 78.0 parts by weight of acetone
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amount of solvents and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containing water to the desired concentration.
Discs of Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) are sprayed with an active compound preparation of the desired concentration and, after drying, populated with larvae of the mustard beetle (Phaedon cochleariae).
After 7 days, the activity in % is determined. 100% means that all beetle larvae have been killed; 0% means that none of the beetle larvae have been killed.
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show, at an application rate of 500 g/ha, an activity of 100%: 12
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show, at an application rate of 100 g/ha, an activity of 100%: 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 16, 21, 22, 23, 26, 28, 31, 36
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show, at an application rate of 100 g/ha, an activity of 83%: 15, 24, 29
Solvents: 78 parts by weight of acetone
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amount of solvents and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containing water to the desired concentration.
Discs of Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) infested by all stages of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) are sprayed with an active compound preparation of the desired concentration.
After 6 days, the effect in % is determined. 100% means that all of the aphids have been killed; 0% means that none of the aphids have been killed.
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show, at an application rate of 100 g/ha, an activity of 100%: 7, 28, 36
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show, at an application rate of 100 g/ha, an activity of 90%: 9, 24, 26, 31
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show, at an application rate of 100 g/ha, an activity of 80%: 13, 14, 19, 30, 2
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10166061.1 | Jun 2010 | EP | regional |
This application claims priority to EP 10166061.1 filed Jun. 15, 2010 and U.S. 61/354,913 filed Jun. 15, 2010, the contents of which are both incorporated by reference in their entireties
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61354913 | Jun 2010 | US |
