Patent Application
20130323011
The present application and the resultant patent relate generally to turbo-machinery and more particularly relate to a nozzle diaphragm with and inducer thereon to provide a cooling flow to a rotor of a steam turbine and the like for improved performance and lifetime.
An increase in steam turbine inlet temperatures provides improved overall efficiency with a reduce fuel cost and carbon footprint. Steam turbines thus must be able to withstand such higher steam temperatures without compromising the useful life of the rotor and other components. Materials that are more temperature resistant may be used in the construction of the rotor, but such materials may substantially increase the cost of the rotor components. High pressure, lower temperature steam also may be used as a coolant for the rotor, but the use of such a cooling flow also may increase the costs of the rotor while also degrading overall rotor performance. Moreover, there are parasitic costs involved in using downstream cooling flows.
There is thus a desire for an improved turbo-machine such as a steam turbine and the like that can adequately and efficiently cool the rotor and other components for an improved lifetime but with limited parasitic losses for improved performance.
The present application and the resultant patent thus provide a steam turbine driven by a flow of steam. The steam turbine may include a rotor, a number of nozzles positioned about the rotor, and with each of the nozzles including a nozzle diaphragm. One or more of the nozzle diaphragms may include an inducer plate to direct an impingement flow to the rotor.
The present application and the resultant patent further provide a method of operating a steam turbine. The method may include the steps of rotating a number of buckets positioned on a rotor, forcing a flow of steam through a flow path between the buckets and a number of nozzles, directing a portion of the flow of steam through an inducer plate positioned about one or more of the nozzles, and directing the portion of the flow towards the rotor with an angled configuration.
The present application and the resultant patent further provide a steam turbine stage driven by a flow of steam. The steam turbine stage may include a rotor, a number of buckets positioned on the rotor, a number of nozzles positioned about the rotor, and with each of the nozzles including a nozzle diaphragm. The nozzle diaphragm may include an inducer plate to direct an impingement flow to the rotor in an angled configuration.
These and other features and improvements of the present application and the resultant patent will become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon review of the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the several drawings and the appended claims.
Referring now to the drawings, in which like numerals refer to like elements throughout the several views,
In use, the flow of steam 70 passes through the steam inlets 60 and into the sections 15, 20 such that mechanical work may be extracted from the steam by the stages 75 therein so as to rotate the rotor 40. The flow of steam 70 then may exit the sections 15, 20 for further processing and the like. The steam turbine 10 described herein is for the purpose of example only. Steam turbines and/or other types of turbo-machinery in many other configurations and with many other or different components also may be used herein.
As described above, efficient operation and adequate component lifetime in a steam turbine 10 requires cooling the rotor 40. Known methods for cooling the rotor 40 may include external cooling sources. Other techniques may involve the use of a reverse flow of steam to cool the rotor 40. For example, the buckets 80 may be attached to the rotor 40 via a rotor wheel 95. The rotor wheel 95 may have one or more cooling holes 96 extending therethrough for a reverse cooling flow. This negative root reaction concept, however, may have an impact on overall efficiency.
Each of the nozzles 140 may include an airfoil 180 extending from the stator 150 into the flow path 160. A nozzle diaphragm 190 may extend from the airfoil 180 towards the rotor 110. The nozzle diaphragm 190 may have any size, shape, or configuration. A labyrinth seal 200 and the like may extend from the nozzle diaphragm 190 towards the rotor 110 so as to limit leakage along the rotor 110. Other types of rotor seals may be used herein. Other components and other configurations also may be used herein.
The nozzle diaphragm 190 may include an inducer plate 210 positioned therein. The inducer plate 210 may include an air inlet 220. The air inlet 220 may lead to one or more outlet jets 230. Any number of the outlet jets 230 may be in communication with each air inlet 220. The outlet jets 230 may have an angled configuration 240. The angled configuration 240 may be directed towards the rotor 110 and the rotor wheel 270. The spacing of the outlet jets 230 with the angled configuration 240 may be varied and may be optimized. The inducer plate 210 and the components thereof may have any size, shape, or configuration. Any number of the inducer plates 210 may be used herein. The outlet jets 230 with the angled configuration 240 may be optimize to provide a high velocity impingement flow 250 towards the rotor 110 from a portion 260 of the flow of steam 170. The impingement flow 250 may have a reduced temperature, particularly about the rotor wheel 270, so as to ensure adequate rotor cooling. Other components and other configurations may be used herein.
The inducer plate 210 thus imparts a tangential component to the velocity of the impingement flow 250. The tangential velocity or “pre-swirl” may reduce the temperature of the steam relative to the rotor 110. This pre-swirl also may reduce windage about the rotor 110 by reducing the amount of work that the rotor 110 may perform on the flow. As a result, overall rotor component lifetime may be improved. The inducer plate 210 may be modular and may be original equipment or part of a retrofit.
The inducer plate 210 thus may increase the aerodynamic stage efficiency by eliminating the current negative root reaction approach to cooling. Likewise, eliminating external cooling sources may result in improved performance and a reduced carbon footprint. The overall parasitic flow rate in terms of leakage and the external flow rate may be reduced. The inducer plate 210 thus may improve overall operation with an increased rotor lifetime.
The inducer plate 210 may be used with existing cooling techniques and/or may replace such existing techniques in whole or in part. Inducer plates 210 with varying sizes, shapes, and configurations may be used herein together. Nozzle diaphragms 190 without the inducer plate 210 may be used with nozzle diaphragms 190 having the inducer plate 210 therein.
It should be apparent that the foregoing relates only to certain embodiments of the present application and the resultant patent. Numerous changes and modifications may be made herein by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the general spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims and the equivalents thereof.
