Patent Application
20230407390
The present invention relates to a nucleic acid amplification method, a primer set, a probe, and a kit for the nucleic acid amplification method, and more particularly to a nucleic acid amplification method as well as a primer set, a probe, and a kit for the nucleic acid amplification method used therefor.
Conventionally, the microarray method, which captures and detects nucleic acids with probes immobilized on microarrays, is mainly used to detect short-chain nucleic acids such as fragmented DNA and miRNA. However, such a microarray method has problems that the operation is complicated and the equipment used is expensive.
Meanwhile, from the viewpoints of convenience and economy, the use of nucleic acid amplification methods such as PCR for detection of short-chain nucleic acids is also being studied. As such a nucleic acid amplification method, for example, US Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0220969 (PTL 1) describes a method including adding poly-A to miRNA and then amplifying it by PCR (Poly-A Tailing). Further, for example, US Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0266418 (PTL 2) describes a method including hybridizing a linker probe to miRNA to add a stem-loop structure and then amplifying it by PCR.
Furthermore, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2018-153157 (PTL 3) describes, as a method for amplifying a target RNA, a method including reverse transcribing the target RNA followed by extension and then amplifying it, and cites the LAMP method as an example of the amplification method. In the method described in PTL 3, based on a LAMP primer set that is a combination of a BIP primer comprising the B2 sequence and the B1c sequence, a FIP primer comprising the F2 sequence and the F1c sequence, a B3 primer comprising the B3 sequence, and an F3 primer comprising the F3 sequence, the reverse transcription primer and extension primer designed for the LAMP method have a structure in which the reverse transcription primer comprises the B1 sequence, B2 sequence, and B3 sequence in this order, and the extension primer comprises the F1 sequence, F2 sequence, and F3 sequence in this order.
In addition, for example, A. A. Abdullah AL-maskri et al., Analytica Chimica Acta 1126, 2020, 1-6 (NPL 1) describes a method in which a reverse transcription primer (SL probe) and extension primer (PS-H probe) having a stem-loop structure are used to reverse transcribe and extend the target RNA and then amplify it by the LAMP method. In the method described in NPL 1, the reverse transcription primer comprises the F1c sequence, F2 sequence, and F1 sequence in that order, and the extension primer comprises the B1c sequence, B2 sequence, and B1 sequence in this order, and both form a stem-loop structure. Also, in the method described in NPL 1, the B1c sequence and B2 sequence of the extension primer are phosphorothioated. After extension, the phosphorothioated B1c sequence and B2 sequence undergo double strand dissociation and self-folding to form stem-loop structures at both ends, so that no outer primer is required for the LAMP method.
However, the methods for amplifying nucleic acids by PCR, as described in PTLs 1 and 2, have the problem of insufficient sensitivity and specificity, especially when detecting short-chain nucleic acids using blood or body fluids as specimens. Further, in the method as described in PTL 3, the target RNA is reverse transcribed and extended, resulting in a linear structure. The present inventors have found that such a structure has a problem that the detection sensitivity and specificity of amplified products are not sufficient in nucleic acid amplification using the LAMP method. Meanwhile, the method described in NPL 1, in which the target RNA is reverse transcribed and extended to have a stem-loop structure, improves sensitivity, but has problems of a large number of steps and inferior simplicity.
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the related art, and aims to provide a nucleic acid amplification method capable of simply and specifically amplifying a nucleic acid using a short-chain nucleic acid such as fragmented DNA or miRNA as a template, as well as a primer set, a probe, and a kit used therefor for the nucleic acid amplification method.
The present inventors have made intensive research to achieve the above object, and have found that if a Bw adapter primer having a stem-loop structure is used to synthesize a complementary strand of the target region of the target nucleic acid by reverse transcription reaction or extension reaction, and then an Fw adapter nucleotide having a stem-loop structure and an extension-inhibiting modification at the 3′-end is used to further synthesize its complementary strand, it is possible to simply and specifically form a dumbbell structure in which stem-loop structures are added to both ends of the complementary strand of the target region. The present inventors have also found that if this is used as a template and the LAMP primer is allowed to act to perform the LAMP method, non-specific amplification is sufficiently suppressed even if the target nucleic acid is a short-chain nucleic acid such as fragmented DNA or miRNA, making it possible to specifically amplify the nucleic acid corresponding to the target region. The present inventors have further found that in addition to the simple and specific template synthesis as described above, the subsequent LAMP method does not require complicated temperature and cycle control, so that such a method makes it possible to more easily perform nucleic acid amplification than conventionally. Thus, the present invention has been completed.
The aspects of the present invention obtained from the above findings are as follows.
[1]
A method for amplifying nucleic acids, comprising:
5′-B1c-BL-B1-N3c-3′ (a)
[Here, N3c represents an annealing region composed of a base sequence complementary to a base sequence on a 3′-end side of a target region of a target nucleic acid, BL represents a loop region comprising base sequence B2, and B1c and B1 represent stem regions comprising mutually complementary base sequences and capable of forming a double strand.]
5′-B1c-BL-B1-N3c-N5c-3′ (b)
[Here, N5c represents the base sequence complementary to the base sequence on the 5′-end side of the target region, and a base sequence comprising N3c and N5c represents base sequence Nc complementary to the target region.]
5′-F1c-FL-F1-N5′-3′ (c)
[Here, N5′ represents an annealing region composed of a base sequence complementary to base sequence N5c of the first template nucleic acid, FL represents a loop region comprising base sequence F2, and F1c and F1 represent stem regions comprising mutually complementary base sequences and capable of forming a double strand.]
and having an extension-inhibiting modification at a 3′-end
5′-B1c-BL-B1-N3c-N5c-F1c-FLc-F1-3′ (d)
[Here, FLc represents a base sequence complementary to FL of the Fw adapter nucleotide.]
5′-F1c-F2-3′ (e)
and a Bw inner primer comprising the following structure (f):
5′-B1c-B2-3′ (f)
with the second template nucleic acid as a template.
[2]
The nucleic acid amplification method according to [1], wherein a length of the base sequence Nc is 10 to 100 bases long.
[3]
The nucleic acid amplification method according to [1] or [2], wherein the target nucleic acid is miRNA.
[4]
The nucleic acid amplification method according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein step A and step B proceed in the same reaction system.
[5]
The nucleic acid amplification method according to any one of [1] to [4], further comprising: a heat treatment step of heating the reaction product of step B to 85° C. or higher after step B and before step C.
[6]
The nucleic acid amplification method according to any one of [1] to [5], further comprising: after step C, a detection step of detecting the base sequence Nc using a probe that hybridizes to at least part of the base sequence Nc or at least part of a complementary strand of the base sequence Nc.
[7]
The nucleic acid amplification method according to [6], wherein in the probe, a length of a base sequence that hybridizes to the base sequence N3c is 5 bases long or less.
[8]
The nucleic acid amplification method according to [6], wherein a full-length base sequence of the probe is not contained entirely in one of the base sequence N3c and the base sequence N5c.
[9]
A primer set for use in the nucleic acid amplification method according to any one of [1] to [8], comprising:
5′-B1c-BL-B1-N3c-3′ (a)
[Here, N3c represents an annealing region composed of a base sequence complementary to a base sequence on a 3′-end side of a target region of a target nucleic acid, BL represents a loop region comprising base sequence B2, and B1c and B1 represent stem regions comprising mutually complementary base sequences and capable of forming a double strand.]
5′-F1c-FL-F1-N5′-3′ (c)
[Here, N5′ represents an annealing region composed of a base sequence complementary to base sequence N5c of the first template nucleic acid, FL represents a loop region comprising base sequence F2, and F1c and F1 represent stem regions comprising mutually complementary base sequences and capable of forming a double strand.]
and having an extension-inhibiting modification at the 3′-end.
[10]
The primer set for the nucleic acid amplification method according to [9], further comprising:
5′-F1c-F2-3′ (e) and
5′-B1c-B2-3′ (f).
[11]
A probe for use in the nucleic acid amplification method according to any one of [6] to [8], which hybridizes to at least part of the base sequence Nc or at least part of a complementary strand of the base sequence Nc.
[12]
The probe according to [11], wherein a length of a base sequence that hybridizes to the base sequence N3c is 5 bases long or less.
[13]
The probe according to [11], wherein a full-length base sequence is not contained entirely in one of the base sequence N3c and the base sequence N5c.
[14]
A kit for use in the nucleic acid amplification method according to any one of [1] to [8], comprising: the primer set according to [9] or [10].
[15]
The kit for the nucleic acid amplification method according to [14], further comprising: the probe according to any one of [11] to [13].
The reason why the configuration of the present invention achieves the above objects is not necessarily clear, but the present inventors speculate as follows. Specifically, in the present invention, first, a template nucleic acid for use in the LAMP method is synthesized based on the target nucleic acid. Here, a Bw adapter primer having a stem-loop structure is used to form a dimer with the target region of the target nucleic acid. Therefore, the stacking effect increases the thermal stability of the dimer (such as RNA/DNA heterozygous or DNA/DNA homozygous) and promotes complementary strand synthesis (reverse transcription reaction or extension reaction). In addition, after that, the Fw adapter nucleotide having a stem-loop structure is similarly used as a template to further promote complementary strand synthesis and change the structure of the template nucleic acid to a dumbbell structure with stem-loop structures added to both ends, so that the amplification reaction in the LAMP method proceeds efficiently. Furthermore, at this time, since the 3′-end of the Fw adapter nucleotide has an extension-inhibiting modification, non-specific amplification due to mismatch extension between the Bw adapter primer and the Fw adapter nucleotide is also sufficiently suppressed, exhibiting excellent specificity.
The present invention makes it possible to provide a nucleic acid amplification method capable of simply and specifically amplifying a nucleic acid using a short-chain nucleic acid such as fragmented DNA or miRNA as a template without limiting the primer design due to its full length, as well as a primer set, a probe, and a kit for the nucleic acid amplification method used therefor.
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described more specifically, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
<Nucleic Acid Amplification Method>
The nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention is a method for amplifying nucleic acids, comprising:
5′-B1c-BL-B1-N3c-3′ (a)
[Here, N3c represents an annealing region composed of a base sequence complementary to a base sequence on a 3′-end side of a target region of a target nucleic acid, BL represents a loop region comprising base sequence B2, and B1c and B1 represent stem regions comprising mutually complementary base sequences and capable of forming a double strand.]
5′-B1c-BL-B1-N3c-N5c-3′ (b)
[Here, N5c represents the base sequence complementary to the base sequence on the 5′-end side of the target region, and a base sequence comprising N3c and N5c represents base sequence Nc complementary to the target region.]
5′-F1c-FL-F1-N5′-3′ (c)
[Here, N5′ represents an annealing region composed of a base sequence complementary to base sequence N5c of the first template nucleic acid, FL represents a loop region comprising base sequence F2, and F1c and F1 represent stem regions comprising mutually complementary base sequences and capable of forming a double strand.]
and having an extension-inhibiting modification at a 3′-end
5′-B1c-BL-B1-N3c-N5c-F1c-FLc-F1-3′ (d)
[Here, FLc represents a base sequence complementary to FL of the Fw adapter nucleotide.]
5′-F1c-F2-3′ (e)
and a Bw inner primer comprising the following structure (f):
5′-B1c-B2-3′ (f)
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention will be described in detail, citing examples sometimes with reference to
(Target Nucleic Acid)
In the present invention, the “target nucleic acid” is a nucleic acid that can contain the target region to be detected by the nucleic acid amplification method described later. In addition, in the present invention, a “nucleic acid” refers to a polynucleotide composed of deoxyribonucleotides and/or ribonucleotides, that is, DNA, RNA, or a polynucleotide of mixed deoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides, and may be fragments, modified in whole or in part, or may comprise non-natural nucleotides or specific sequences in whole or in part. Those modifications include, for example, methylation and deamination of DNA and/or RNA; labeling with radioisotopes and binding ligands (such as biotin and digoxin). Examples of the non-natural nucleotides include PNA (polyamide nucleic acid), LNA (registered trademark, locked nucleic acid), and ENA (registered trademark, 2′-O,4′-C-Ethylene-bridged nucleic acids).
In addition, these nucleic acids are not particularly limited as long as the Bw adapter primer described later can be annealed to them, and may be single-stranded or double-stranded, and may have a three-dimensional structure such as a hairpin structure or a hammerhead structure. Among these, the target nucleic acid according to the present invention is preferably a short-chain nucleic acid such as a fragmented nucleic acid (such as fragmented DNA or fragmented RNA), miRNA, tRNA (transfer RNA), rRNA (ribosomal RNA), snRNA (small nuclear RNA), snoRNA (small nucleolar RNA), and siRNA (small interfering RNA), and more preferably miRNA, from the viewpoint that the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention can be particularly effectively applied. Note that the “miRNA” usually refers to a single-stranded RNA molecule having a length of 20 to 25 bases, is not translated into protein, and is said to be mainly involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes.
Such a target nucleic acid is not particularly limited, and may be one extracted from a sample that may contain the target nucleic acid, or one that is artificially synthesized. The sample that may contain the target nucleic acid is not particularly limited. For example, depending on the purpose, it is possible to appropriately use solutions containing chemically synthesized nucleic acids, as well as various organisms (including cells, tissues, organs, and individuals) and extract fluids thereof; human and animal body fluids (such as saliva, tears, sweat, urine, blood, and lymph); plant biological fluids; biological culture fluids; environmental water (such as rivers, lakes, harbors, waterways, groundwater, purified water, sewage, and wastewater); suspensions of solids (such as soil and cinders). Moreover, the sample may be appropriately diluted with a diluent or suspended, or may be pH-adjusted. Examples of the diluent include buffers such as phosphate buffer, Tris buffer, Good's buffer, and borate buffer. As a method for extracting the target nucleic acid from the sample, a known method can be appropriately employed.
(Target Region)
In the present invention, the “target region” refers to a region on the target nucleic acid that is intended to be detected by the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention, and when the target nucleic acid is a short-chain nucleic acid such as a fragmented DNA or miRNA, the target region may be the entire target nucleic acid. In addition, in the following step A, it is preferably a single strand or a double strand in dynamic equilibrium. In order to show the correspondence with the following Bw adapter primer and Fw adapter nucleotide, in the following, the target region is referred to as the “target region N”, the base sequence on the 5′-end side is referred to as the “base sequence N5”, and the base sequence on the 3′-end side is referred to as the “base sequence N3” for convenience, as the case may be. Moreover, the target region N is composed of the base sequence N5 and the base sequence N3 (that is, N=5′-N5-N3-3′), or contains an intervening base sequence between the base sequence N5 and the base sequence N3 (that is, N=5′-N5-intervening base sequence-N3-3′).
The length of the target region N according to the present invention is usually 5 to 5,000 bases long. In addition, the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention can also be suitably performed for short-chain nucleic acids that are difficult to directly amplify, so that even if the target region N is 10 to 100 bases long, or even 20 to 50 bases long or 20 to 25 bases long, it can be used for the purpose of detection.
(Bw Adapter Primer)
The “Bw adapter primer” according to the present invention is a primer comprising the following structure (a):
5′-B1c-BL-B1-N3c-3′ (a).
In the structure (a), “N3c” represents an annealing region (24 in
In the present invention, a “base sequence complementary” to a certain sequence suffices to be a base sequence capable of hybridizing with each other to form a double strand, and does not have to be completely complementary. In the present invention, regarding the conditions for such hybridization, when “base sequence X and base sequence Y can form a double strand” or “base sequence X is a base sequence complementary to base sequence Y”, the sequence complementarity between base sequence X and base sequence Y is preferably 80% or higher, 90% or higher, and 95% or higher (such as 96% or higher, 97% or higher, 98% or higher, and 99% or higher). Note that the sequence complementarity can be appropriately calculated by those skilled in the art using a known technique (such as BLAST (NCBI)).
In addition, in the present invention, regarding the conditions for such hybridization, when “base sequence X and base sequence Y can form a double strand” or “base sequence X is a base sequence complementary to base sequence Y”, base sequence X may be a base sequence completely complementary to base sequence Y over the full length thereof, where 1 to 5 consecutive bases (preferably 1 to 3 bases, such as 3 bases, 2 bases, or 1 base) may be inserted, deleted or substituted at one or more sites.
To satisfy the above hybridization conditions, the base sequence constituting such annealing region N3c can be appropriately designed, according to the base sequences of the target region N of interest and the base sequence N3, more preferably so as not to hybridize to other regions.
The length of the annealing region N3c according to the present invention is preferably 5 to 200 bases long, more preferably 5 to 50 bases long.
In the structure (a), “BL” represents a loop region comprising the base sequence B2. The base sequence B2 is a sequence designed to anneal the Bw inner primer described later to the complementary strand of the second template nucleic acid (third template nucleic acid). Further, as a result, a loop structure composed of the loop region BL is added to the 5′-end side of the complementary strand of the target region N.
The loop region BL may be a region composed only of the base sequence B2 corresponding to the Bw inner primer described later, or may be a region containing a spacer sequence (spacer BS) on its 5′-end side and/or 3′-end side (preferably 3′-end side).
When the loop region BL contains a spacer BS, the length of the spacer BS (if present at both ends of the 5′-end side and the 3′-end side of the base sequence B2, the sum of the lengths thereof) is preferably 1 to 500 bases long, preferably 1 to 100 bases long, and more preferably 10 to 70 bases long.
In addition, the length of the base sequence B2 is preferably 5 to 200 bases long, more preferably 10 to 50 bases.
Furthermore, the length of the loop region BL corresponds to the length of the base sequence B2 when not containing the spacer BS, and corresponds to the sum of the length of the spacer BS and the length of the base sequence B2 when containing the spacer BS, and is more preferably 5 to 300 bases long, further preferably 20 to 120 bases long. When the length of the loop region BL is less than the lower limit, the stem-loop structure tends to fail to form or decrease in stability. Meanwhile, when the upper limit is exceeded, self-annealing is not preferentially performed, and mismatches with other primers tend to occur easily.
In the structure (a), “B1c” and “B1” represent stem regions comprising mutually complementary base sequences and capable of forming a double strand. The stem region B1c and stem region B1 are complementary base sequences designed to hybridize with each other to form a stem structure (double strand). Further, as a result, a stem-loop structure composed of the loop region BL, the stem region Bic, and the stem region B1 is added to the 5′-end side of the complementary strand of the target region N.
The stem region B1c and the stem region B1 suffice to contain base sequences capable of forming a double strand with each other, and may contain a base sequence that does not form a double strand (intervening base sequence) on the 5′-end side of the stem region B1c and/or the 3′-end side of the stem region B1. Note that the length of such intervening base sequences is each individually preferably 5 bases long or less, more preferably 3 bases long or less.
The lengths of the base sequences capable of forming a double strand between the stem region B1c and stem region B1 are each preferably 5 to 200 bases long, more preferably 10 to 50 bases long. When the length is less than the lower limit, the stem-loop structure tends to fail to form or decrease in stability. Meanwhile, when the upper limit is exceeded, self-annealing is not preferentially performed, and mismatches with other primers tend to occur easily.
Furthermore, the total length of the stem region B1c and the total length of the stem region B1 correspond to the length of the base sequence capable of forming the double strand when not containing the intervening base sequence, and correspond to the sum of the length of the intervening base sequence and the length of the base sequence capable of forming the double strand when containing the intervening base sequence, and are more preferably 5 to 200 bases long, further preferably 10 to 50 bases long.
The base sequence of such a Bw inner primer can be appropriately designed so as to satisfy the above hybridization conditions based on the base sequences of the target region N and the base sequence N3, so as to form the above stem-loop structure, or so as not to result in a situation where the base sequence B2 contained in the loop structure is a sequence that allows the Bw inner primer to hybridize to other regions.
Moreover, the method for obtaining the Bw inner primer is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method or a method based thereon can be appropriately employed. For example, it can be chemically synthesized using a commercially available synthesizer and produced as a synthetic DNA. In addition, the Bw inner primer does not have to be composed only of natural nucleotides (deoxyribonucleotides and/or ribonucleotides), or may be partially or wholly composed of, for example, the above-described non-natural nucleotides, and is preferably composed only of natural or non-natural deoxyribonucleotides from the viewpoint of stability.
(First Template Nucleic Acid)
The “first template nucleic acid” according to the present invention is a nucleic acid having the following structure (b):
5′-B1c-BL-B1-N3c-N5c-3′ (b).
The first template nucleic acid (40 in
In the structure (b), “N5c” represents a base sequence complementary to the base sequence N5 on the 5′-end side of the target region N, and represents the base sequence to which the annealing region N5′ of the Fw adapter nucleotide described later is annealed. A base sequence containing N3c and N5c represents a base sequence Nc complementary to the target region N. In
(Fw Adapter Nucleotide)
The “Fw adapter nucleotide” according to the present invention is a nucleotide comprising the following structure (c):
5′-F1c-FL-F1-N5′-3′ (c)
In the structure (c), “N5′” represents an annealing region (34 in
The annealing region N5′ according to the present invention is, in principle, the same sequence as the base sequence N5 of the target region N, but for example, when the target region N is an RNA and the Fw adapter nucleotide is a DNA, the sequences may correspond to each other. Further, as long as the base sequence N5c and the annealing region N5′ satisfy the above-described hybridization conditions, the base sequence N5 and the annealing region N5′ do not have to be completely corresponding sequences.
To satisfy the above hybridization conditions, the base sequence constituting such annealing region N5′ can be appropriately designed, according to the base sequences of the first template nucleic acid and the base sequence N5c (or the target region N of interest and the base sequence N5), more preferably so as not to hybridize to other regions.
The length of the annealing region N5′ according to the present invention is preferably 5 to 200 bases long, more preferably 5 to 50 bases long.
In the structure (c), “FL” represents a loop region comprising the base sequence F2. The base sequence F2 is a sequence designed to anneal the Fw inner primer described later to the second template nucleic acid. By using this as a template, a loop structure composed of the base sequence FLc described later, which is complementary to the loop region FL, is added to the 3′-end side of the first template nucleic acid.
The loop region FL may be a region composed only of the base sequence F2 corresponding to the Fw inner primer described later, or may be a region containing a spacer sequence (spacer FS) on its 5′-end side and/or 3′-end side (preferably 3′-end side).
When the loop region FL contains a spacer FS, the length of the spacer FS (if present at both ends of the 5′-end side and the 3′-end side of the base sequence F2, the sum of the lengths thereof) is preferably 1 to 500 bases long, preferably 1 to 100 bases long, and more preferably 10 to 70 bases long.
In addition, the length of the base sequence F2 is preferably 5 to 200 bases long, more preferably 10 to 50 bases.
Furthermore, the length of the loop region FL corresponds to the length of the base sequence F2 when not containing the spacer FS, and corresponds to the sum of the length of the spacer FS and the length of the base sequence F2 when containing the spacer FS, and is more preferably 5 to 300 bases long, further preferably 20 to 120 bases long. When the length of the loop region FL is less than the lower limit, the stem-loop structure tends to fail to form or decrease in stability. Meanwhile, when the upper limit is exceeded, self-annealing is not preferentially performed, and mismatches with other primers tend to occur easily.
In the structure (c), “F1c” and “F1” represent stem regions comprising mutually complementary base sequences and capable of forming a double strand. The stem region F1c and stem region F1 are complementary base sequences designed to hybridize with each other to form a stem structure (double strand). By using these as a template, a stem loop structure composed of the base sequence FLc complementary to the loop region FL and the base sequences complementary to the stem region F1c and stem region F1 (stem region F1 and stem region F1c, respectively) is added to the 3′-end side of the first template nucleic acid.
The stem region F1c and the stem region F1 suffice to contain base sequences capable of forming a double strand with each other, and may contain a base sequence that does not form a double strand (intervening base sequence) on the 5′-end side of the stem region F1c and/or the 3′-end side of the stem region F1. Note that the length of such intervening base sequences is each individually preferably 5 bases long or less, more preferably 3 bases long or less.
The lengths of the base sequences capable of forming a double strand between the stem region F1c and stem region F1 are each preferably 5 to 200 bases long, more preferably 10 to 50 bases long. When the length is less than the lower limit, the stem-loop structure tends to fail to form or decrease in stability. Meanwhile, when the upper limit is exceeded, self-annealing is not preferentially performed, and mismatches with other primers tend to occur easily.
Furthermore, the total length of the stem region F1c and the total length of the stem region F1 correspond to the length of the base sequence capable of forming the double strand when not containing the intervening base sequence, and correspond to the sum of the length of the intervening base sequence and the length of the base sequence capable of forming the double strand when containing the intervening base sequence, and are more preferably 5 to 200 bases long, further preferably 10 to 50 bases long.
The base sequence of such an Fw adapter nucleotide can be appropriately designed so as to satisfy the above hybridization conditions based on the base sequence of the first template nucleic acid based on the base sequences of the target region N and the base sequence N5, so as to form the above stem-loop structure, or so as not to result in a situation where the base sequence F2 contained in the loop structure is a sequence that allows the Fw inner primer to hybridize to other regions.
The method for obtaining the Fw adapter nucleotide is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method or a method based thereon can be appropriately employed, as with the method for obtaining the Bw adapter primer. In addition, the Fw adapter nucleotide does not have to be composed only of natural nucleotides, or may be partially or wholly composed of, for example, the above-described non-natural nucleotides, and is preferably composed only of natural or non-natural deoxyribonucleotides from the viewpoint of stability.
In the present invention, the Fw adapter nucleotide has an extension-inhibiting modification at the 3′-end. This is expected to suppress non-specific amplification due to mismatch extension between the Bw adapter primer and the Fw adapter nucleotide. The extension-inhibiting modification at the 3′-end of the Fw adapter nucleotide is not particularly limited as long as it can inhibit the extension reaction at the 3′-end of the nucleotide. For example, the OH group at the 3′-position of the ribose at the end of the polynucleotide can be modified and replaced with another substance such as a phosphate group to thereby inhibit (preferably terminate) extension reactions by the polymerase, but the inhibition is not limited to this.
(Second Template Nucleic Acid)
The “second template nucleic acid” according to the present invention is a nucleic acid having the following structure (d):
5′-B1c-BL-B1-N3c-N5c-F1c-FLc-F1-3′ (d)
The second template nucleic acid (50 in
In the structure (d), “FLc” represents a base sequence complementary to FL of the Fw adapter nucleotide. Therefore, the base sequence FLc may be a region corresponding to the loop region FL and composed only of a base sequence complementary to the base sequence F2 (in the present specification, referred to as the “base sequence F2c” as the case may be), or may be a region containing a base sequence complementary to the spacer FS (in the present specification, referred to as the “base sequence FSc” as the case may be) on its 5′-end side and/or 3′-end side. As an example of the base sequence FLc,
(Fw Inner Primer)
The “Fw inner primer” according to the present invention is a primer (60 in
5′-F1c-F2-3′ (e).
In the structure (e), “F1c” and “F2” are synonymous with “F1c” and “F2” in the above Fw adapter nucleotide, respectively. As a result, the base sequence F2 of the Fw inner primer is annealed to the base sequence F2c (361 in
The base sequence of such an Fw inner primer can be appropriately designed so as to correspond to the Fw adapter nucleotide and satisfy the above-described hybridization conditions. In addition, the method for obtaining the Fw inner primer is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method or a method based thereon can be appropriately employed, as with the method for obtaining the Bw adapter primer. The Fw inner primer does not have to be composed only of natural nucleotides, or may be partially or wholly composed of, for example, the above-described non-natural nucleotides, and is preferably composed only of natural or non-natural deoxyribonucleotides from the viewpoint of stability.
(Third Template Nucleic Acid) The “third template nucleic acid” according to the present invention is a nucleic acid having the following structure (g) (not shown):
5′-F1c-FL-F1-N5″-N3″-B1c-BLc-B1-3′ (g).
The third template nucleic acid is a complementary strand of the second template nucleic acid, synthesized by annealing the second template nucleic acid and the Fw inner primer, starting from the 3′-end of that Fw inner primer.
In the structure (g), “N5″” and “N3″” represent base sequences complementary to the base sequences N5c and N3c of the second template nucleic acid, respectively, and the base sequence containing N5″ and N3″ represents a base sequence N″ complementary to the base sequence Nc of the second template nucleic acid (in the present specification, referred to as the “complementary strand N″ of the base sequence Nc” as the case may be). The base sequence N″ is, in principle, the same sequence as the target region N, but for example, when the target region N is an RNA and the third template nucleic acid is a DNA, the sequences may correspond to each other.
In the structure (g), “BLc” represents a base sequence complementary to BL of the second template nucleic acid. Therefore, the base sequence BLc may be a region corresponding to the base sequence of the loop region BL and composed only of a base sequence complementary to the base sequence B2 (in the present specification, referred to as the “base sequence B2c” as the case may be), or may be a region containing a base sequence complementary to the spacer BS (in the present specification, referred to as the “base sequence BSc” as the case may be) on its 5′-end side and/or 3′-end side. Preferred embodiments of the base sequence BLc, the base sequence B2c, and the base sequence BSc correspond to the preferred embodiments listed above for the loop region BL, the base sequence B2, and the spacer BS, respectively.
(Bw Inner Primer)
The “Bw inner primer” according to the present invention is a primer comprising the following structure (f) (not shown):
5′-B1c-B2-3′ (f).
In the structure (f), “B1c” and “B2” are synonymous with “B1c” and “B2” in the above Bw adapter primer, respectively. As a result, the base sequence B2 of the Bw inner primer is annealed to the base sequence B2c on the loop structure of the third template nucleic acid, making it possible to further synthesize a complementary strand of the third template nucleic acid, starting from the 3′-end of that Bw inner primer.
The base sequence of such an Bw inner primer can be appropriately designed so as to correspond to the Bw adapter primer and satisfy the above-described hybridization conditions. In addition, the method for obtaining the Bw inner primer is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method or a method based thereon can be appropriately employed, as with the method for obtaining the Bw adapter primer. The Bw inner primer does not have to be composed only of natural nucleotides, or may be partially or wholly composed of, for example, the above-described non-natural nucleotides, and is preferably composed only of natural or non-natural deoxyribonucleotides from the viewpoint of stability.
In the Bw adapter primer and Fw adapter nucleotide, the annealing region N3c and annealing region N5′ must each be individually designed according to the base sequence of the target region N, but other regions (such as the loop region BL and loop region FL; the stem regions B1c and B1 and stem regions F1c and F1) as well as the Fw inner primer and Bw inner primer do not necessarily have to be designed according to the base sequence of the target region N, and can have a common base sequence for detection of various target nucleic acids. Therefore, in the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention, in designing individual primers and nucleotides, only the polynucleotide portions of the annealing region N3c and the annealing region N5′ need to be designed according to the base sequence of the target region N, and the primers can be designed easily.
(Step A)
The nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention first performs step A including annealing the Bw adapter primer and the target region N (base sequence N3), synthesizing a base sequence complementary to a base sequence on a 5′-end side of the target region N starting from a 3′-end of the Bw adapter primer, and obtaining the first template nucleic acid in which a stem-loop structure is added to a 5′-end of a complementary strand Nc of the target region N (in
In step A, when the Bw adapter primer and a complementary strand synthase are added to the target nucleic acid (or a sample that may comprise the target nucleic acid), for example, the Bw adapter primer is annealed to the target region N of interest, if present, and a base sequence complementary to the remaining base sequence on the 5′-end side of the target region N (base sequence N5c or intervening base sequence and base sequence N5c) is synthesized to obtain the first template nucleic acid.
Here, if the target nucleic acid is a double strand, it is preferably heated to make it single-stranded or in dynamic equilibrium. In this case, it is preferable to calculate Tm (melting temperature) based on the base sequence of the annealing region N3c of the Bw adapter primer according to the present invention, and heat at a temperature lower than the calculated Tm.
When the target nucleic acid is an RNA, the synthesis of a complementary strand of the target region N is preferably a reverse transcription reaction that synthesizes DNA from RNA. The complementary strand synthase for the reverse transcription reaction (that is, reverse transcriptase; 101 in
When the target nucleic acid is a DNA, the synthesis of the complementary strand of the target region N is preferably an extension reaction for extending DNA. The complementary strand synthetase (that is, DNA polymerase) in the case of the extension reaction is not particularly limited, and for example, it is possible to use one or a combination of two or more of Est DNA polymerase, Bst 2.0 Warm Start DNA polymerase, Bca (exo-) DNA polymerase, Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I, Vent DNA polymerase, Vent (Exo-) DNA polymerase (Vent DNA polymerase with exonuclease activity removed), Deep Vent DNA polymerase, Deep Vent (Exo-) DNA polymerase (Deep Vent DNA polymerase with exonuclease activity removed), Q29 phage DNA polymerase, MS-2 phage DNA polymerase, and Csa DNA polymerase. Among these, Bst 2.0 Warm Start DNA polymerase is preferable from the viewpoint that non-specific amplification can be suppressed because of its relatively high activity and its Warm Start specifications. In this case, reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, time, and indicated pH can be appropriately adjusted according to the DNA polymerase to be selected.
(Step B)
The nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention then performs step B including annealing the Fw adapter nucleotide and the first template nucleic acid, synthesizing a complementary strand of the Fw adapter nucleotide starting from a 3′-end of the first template nucleic acid, and obtaining the second template nucleic acid in which a stem-loop structure is added to a 3′-end of the first template nucleic acid (in
In step B, when the Fw adapter nucleotide and, if necessary, a complementary strand synthase are added to the reaction product of step A, for example, the Fw adapter nucleotide is annealed to the first template nucleic acid that is synthesized if the target region N of interest is present, and a base sequence complementary to the Fw adapter nucleotide: 5′-F1c-FLc-F1-3′ is synthesized to obtain the second template nucleic acid.
The synthesis of the complementary strand of Fw adapter nucleotide is preferably an extension reaction for extending DNA. Examples of the complementary strand synthetase (that is, DNA polymerase) in the case of the extension reaction include those listed in step A above. In this case, reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, time, and indicated pH can be appropriately adjusted according to the DNA polymerase to be selected.
In addition, in the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention, step A and step B can be performed in the same reaction system, which is preferable from the viewpoint of further convenience.
When the target nucleic acid is an RNA and a DNA is used as each primer, for example, by using an isothermal strand displacement active polymerase enzyme as the complementary strand synthetase in step B, the reverse transcription reaction in step A and the extension reaction in step B can be performed simultaneously in the same container as the reverse transcriptase.
Usable examples of the isothermal strand displacement active polymerase enzyme include, but are not limited to, one or a combination of two or more of Bst DNA polymerase, Bca (exo-) DNA polymerase, Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I, Csa DNA polymerase, and Bst 2.0 Warm Start DNA polymerase. Among these, Bst 2.0 Warm Start DNA polymerase is preferable from the viewpoint that reverse transcription non-specific amplification can be suppressed because of its Warm Start specifications. In addition, examples of the reverse transcriptase in this case include Avian Myeloblastosis Virus (AMV)-derived recombinant enzyme (AMV).
When step A and step B are performed in the same reaction system, the reaction temperature is preferably 30 to 75° C., more preferably 40 to 70° C. Furthermore, the reaction time in this case is preferably 5 to 120 minutes, more preferably 15 to 60 minutes.
In step B, since the Fw adapter nucleotide has an extension-inhibiting modification at the 3′-end, the synthesis of the complementary strand of the first template nucleic acid starting from the 3′-end of the Fw adapter nucleotide is suppressed. Therefore, as a template nucleic acid, the synthesis of a nucleic acid having a structure similar to that of the third template nucleic acid as shown in (iv) of
(Heat Treatment Step) The nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention preferably further includes a heat treatment step of heating the reaction product of step B to 85° C. or higher before step C described later. This increases the efficiency of annealing of the Fw inner primer to the second template nucleic acid in the LAMP method described later, thereby improving sensitivity.
The temperature in the heat treatment is preferably 85 to 100° C., more preferably 90 to 100° C.
Furthermore, the heat treatment time in this case is preferably 1 to 30 minutes, more preferably 1 to 10 minutes.
(Step C)
The nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention then performs step C including amplifying base sequence Nc of the second template nucleic acid by a LAMP method by using the Fw inner primer and the Bw inner primer with the second template nucleic acid as a template (in
Since the second template nucleic acid has a so-called dumbbell-shaped structure having stem-loop structures at both ends as described above, it can be used as a template for amplification by the LAMP method to amplify the base sequence Nc. In other words, since the base sequence Nc is the complementary strand of the target region N, it becomes possible to indirectly amplify the target region N.
As an amplification method by the LAMP method, a conventionally known method or a method based thereon can be appropriately employed, and for example, the method described in International Publication No. 00/28082 can be employed.
More specifically, for example, the second template nucleic acid (or the reaction product of step B or the heat treatment step), the Fw inner primer, the Bw inner primer, and the complementary strand synthetase are mixed, and the temperature is maintained within a certain range, and in the presence of the second template nucleic acid, the following step proceeds.
(Step 1)
First, in the second template nucleic acid, a DNA strand is synthesized by an extension reaction starting from the 3′-end (stem region F1) and using the self as a template. Here, the stem-loop structure on the 5′-end side is stripped to form a single strand.
Furthermore, since the second template nucleic acid has a single-stranded loop structure (structure composed of the base sequence FLc) on the 3′-end side, the base sequence F2 of the Fw inner primer can be annealed thereto, whereby a DNA strand (third template nucleic acid) is synthesized using the second template nucleic acid as a template by an extension reaction starting from the 3′-end of the Fw inner primer. Here, the extension reaction of the third template nucleic acid proceeds while stripping the existing double strand.
(Step 2)
On the other hand, the DNA strand, stripped to a single strand by the extension reaction of the third template nucleic acid starting from the Fw inner primer, has complementary base sequences, that is, B1c and B1, on the 3′-end side, thus forming a stem-loop structure.
(Step 3)
Next, starting from the 3′-end of this stem-loop structure (stem region B1), the synthesis of a new DNA strand starts using the single-stranded self as a template, and extends while stripping the third template nucleic acid synthesized from the Fw inner primer forming the double strand.
(Step 4)
In addition, since the third template nucleic acid synthesized from the Fw inner primer, which has been made single-stranded by the above process, has complementary base sequences, that is, F1 and F1c and B1c and B1, at both ends thereof, it self-anneals to form a stem-loop structure. The structure of this third template nucleic acid is completely complementary to that of the second template nucleic acid, as described above.
(Step 5)
In the structure obtained in step 4, similarly to the second template nucleic acid in step 1, a DNA strand is synthesized by an extension reaction starting from the 3′-end (stem region B1) and using the self as a template. Here, the stem-loop structure on the 5′-end side is stripped to form a single strand. Furthermore, since the third template nucleic acid has a single-stranded loop structure (structure composed of the base sequence BLc) on the 3′-end side, the base sequence B2 of the Bw inner primer can be annealed thereto, whereby a DNA strand is synthesized using the third template nucleic acid as a template by an extension reaction starting from the 3′-end of the Bw inner primer. Here, the extension reaction of a new DNA strand proceeds while stripping the existing DNA strand.
(Step 6)
After step 5, the structure of the second template nucleic acid is obtained again by going through the same processes as steps 2 to 4.
(Step 7)
In addition, in the new DNA strand obtained in step 3, the base sequence B2 of the Bw inner primer is annealed to the single-stranded loop structure (structure composed of the base sequence BLc), and a DNA strand is synthesized while stripping the double-stranded portion.
By repeating the above steps, it is possible to obtain various sizes of amplified products having a structure in which the base sequence Nc and its complementary strand and the base sequences complementary to each other (that is, F1 and F1c, and B1c and B1) are repeated on the same strand.
Usable examples of the complementary strand synthases used in the LAMP method include, but are not limited to, one or a combination of two or more of Bst DNA polymerase, Bca (exo-) DNA polymerase, Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I, Csa DNA polymerase, and Bst 2.0 Warm Start DNA polymerase.
The reaction temperature in the LAMP method according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 to 70° C., more preferably 60 to 70° C. Furthermore, the reaction time in the LAMP method according to the present invention is preferably 10 to 60 minutes, more preferably 15 to 40 minutes.
(Detection Step) The amplified product obtained in step C (in the present specification, referred to as “LAMP product” as the case may be) can be detected by a known method or a method based thereon as appropriate. As a result, the base sequence Nc or its complementary strand is detected, and since the base sequence Nc is the complementary strand of the target region N, this makes it possible to detect the target region N indirectly.
As the detection method, for example, the resulting LAMP product is intercalated with a fluorescent dye (such as ethidium bromide, Syber Green (registered trademark), or SYTO 63), and the fluorescence intensity can be measured to quantify the base sequence Nc or its complementary strand, obtaining the amount of the target region N. Moreover, the quantification can be performed simultaneously by performing the LAMP method and the detection step in real time, for example. Examples of such methods include a method that performs the LAMP method in the presence of a fluorescent dye, typified by the intercalation method (so-called Syber Green method); and a method that uses an oligonucleotide probe bound with a fluorescent dye (hereinafter simply referred to as “probe” as the case may be), typified by the double dye probe method (so-called TaqMan (registered trademark) probe method).
Among these, the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention preferably further includes, after step C, a detection step of detecting the base sequence Nc (including the detection of the base sequence Nc by detecting a complementary strand of the base sequence Nc, same below) using a probe that hybridizes to at least part of the base sequence Nc or at least part of a complementary strand of the base sequence Nc (more preferably, a probe composed only of a base sequence that hybridizes to at least part of the base sequence Nc or at least part of a complementary strand of the base sequence Nc). By detecting these using a probe designed to hybridize on the base sequence Nc or a complementary strand of the base sequence Nc, it is possible to further reduce the detection of non-specific reactions caused by primer dimers.
A probe according to the detection method above can be appropriately designed based on the base sequence Nc or the base sequence of a complementary strand of the base sequence Nc, and the use of the following first probe or second probe is preferable because it makes it possible to further reduce the detection of non-specific reactions.
[First Probe]
When the probe according to the detection method above is used as a probe that hybridizes to at least part of the base sequence Nc (referred to as the “first probe”), the length of the base sequence that hybridizes to the base sequence N3c among the base sequences Nc is preferably 5 bases long or less. As a result, specifically, the length of the base sequence that hybridizes to the base sequence N3c of the Bw adapter primer is also 5 bases long or less, and hybridization between the first probe and the Bw adapter primer is suppressed, so that in the case of simultaneously performing step C and the detection step (that is, when performing in real time), it is possible to further reduce non-specific amplification reactions due to such hybridization.
In the first probe, the length of the base sequence that hybridizes to the base sequence N3c is preferably 5 bases long or less, more preferably 4 bases long or less, and further preferably 3 bases long or less.
[Second Probe]
Further, as another aspect according to the detection method above, when used as a probe that hybridizes to at least part of a complementary strand of the base sequence Nc (referred to as the “second probe”), preferably, the full-length base sequence is not contained entirely in one of the base sequence N3c and the base sequence N5c. As a result, the base sequence of the second probe is not contained in only one of the base sequence N3c of the Bw adapter primer and the complementary strand (N5c) of the base sequence N5′ of the Fw adapter nucleotide, so that it is possible to detect only amplified products that perfectly match the LAMP products formed in accordance with principle, further reducing non-specific detection.
As the second probe, the base sequence contained in the base sequence N3c and the base sequence contained in the base sequence N5c are each preferably 90% or less, more preferably 80% or less, and further preferably 70% or less of the full length of the probe.
The probes according to the detection method above preferably specifically hybridize to each hybridization target region under normal hybridization conditions, preferably stringent hybridization conditions, and for example, it is preferable to satisfy the above hybridization conditions, and it is possible to design by a conventionally known method or a method based thereon based on the base sequence information of each hybridization target region.
The chain length of the probes according to the detection method above is at least 5 bases. It is usually 5 to 100 bases, preferably 5 to 30 bases. The probes can be synthesized, for example, using a commercially available oligonucleotide synthesizer. In addition, the probes do not have to be composed only of natural nucleotides (deoxyribonucleotides and/or ribonucleotides), and may be partially or wholly composed of the non-natural nucleotides, for example.
Moreover, the probe is preferably labeled with a labeling substance as appropriate. As a result, a signal corresponding to the labeling substance can be detected as an indicator of the base sequence Nc or its complementary strand. The “signal” includes coloration (color development), reflected light, luminescence, quenching, fluorescence, radiation from radioactive isotopes, and the like, as well as those that can be confirmed with the naked eye and those that can be confirmed by measuring methods and devices according to the type of the signal.
Examples of the labeling substances include fluorescent substances such as FITC, FAM, DEAC, R6G, TexRed, TAMRA, Pacific Blue, Cy5, and BODIPY FL; enzymes such as β-D-glucosidase, luciferase, and HRP; radioactive isotopes such as 3H, 14C, 32P, 35S, and 123I; affinity substances such as biotin and streptavidin; and luminescent substances such as luminol, luciferin, and lucigenin.
<Primer Set, Probe, Kit>
The present invention also provides a primer set, a probe, and a kit for use in the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention described above.
The primer set for the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention is a primer set for use in the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention, including
5′-B1c-BL-B1-N3c-3′ (a) and
5′-F1c-FL-F1-N5′-3′ (c)
5′-F1c-F2-3′ (e) and
5′-B1c-B2-3′ (f).
In addition, the probe for the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention is
Furthermore, the kit for the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention is a kit for use in the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention, which includes the primer set for the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention, and preferably further includes the probe for the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention.
In the primer set, probe, and kit for use in the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention, the Bw adapter primer, the Fw adapter nucleotide, the Fw inner primer, the Bw inner primer, and the probe, including their preferred embodiments, are each as described in the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention.
In the primer set and probe for the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention, the primer, nucleotide, and probe may each comprise an additional component such as a buffer, stabilizer, preservative, or antiseptic.
In addition, the kit for the nucleic acid amplification method of the present invention may further include reagents and diluents for extracting and purifying the target nucleic acid; reagents such as enzymes, buffer solutions, and pH adjusters necessary for various enzymatic reactions; standard nucleic acids; instructions for use, and the like.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically based on the following Test Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
(1) Reverse Transcription Reaction and Extension Reaction (Template Nucleic Acid Synthesis)
The reverse transcription reaction and extension reaction were performed as follows. In a buffer containing KCl, Tween, MgSO4 and dNTPs, 125 nM Bw adapter primer, 5 nM Fw adapter nucleotide, 0.9 U AMV (Roche), and 3.6 U Bst 2.0 Warm Start DNA Polymerase (manufactured by New England Biolabs) at final concentrations were mixed, and the miRNA miR-21-5p (whose base sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3) or Let-7a-5p (whose base sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6) was added as the target nucleic acid at 109 copies each or was not added (NC), and the reactions were performed at 42° C., thereby synthesizing a template nucleic acid. Table 1 below shows the combinations of Bw adapter primer and Fw adapter nucleotide used for miR-21-5p and Let-7a-5p. In Table 1, “CT” of the Bw adapter primer represents a primer with a stem-loop structure, and as controls, “ST1” and “ST2” each represent a primer that does not form a stem-loop structure (the region corresponding to B1c of the Bw adapter primer is replaced with a sequence that does not form a base pair with the region corresponding to B1), and “D1” represents a primer that has deleted the region corresponding to Bic of the Bw adapter primer. In addition, in the sequence of each Fw adapter nucleotide in Table 1, each block separated by “-” represents the base sequence corresponding to F1c, F2, FS, F1, and N5′ in order from the 5′-end, and in the sequence of each Bw adapter primer, each block separated by “-” represents the base sequence corresponding to B1c, B2, BS, B1, and N3c in order from the 5′-end.
(2) PCR Amplification Reaction and Fluorescence Detection
To the reaction solution after the above reverse transcription reaction and extension reaction, 1 μM PCR-F-primer (whose base sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12), 1 μM PCR-B-primer (whose base sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13), SYTO 63 (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific), and 0.03 U/μM Takara Ex Taq (manufactured by Takara Bio) at final concentrations were added to prepare a PCR amplification reaction solution. Each PCR primer (F-primer/B-primer) was designed on the sequence of each loop region of the Bw adapter primer and Fw adapter nucleotide. The PCR amplification reaction was performed by maintaining the above PCR amplification reaction solution at 95° C. for 10 seconds and then performing [95° C. for 15 seconds and 60° C. for 60 seconds]×40 cycles. The amount of PCR product was measured in real time by detecting fluorescence intensity under the conditions of an excitation wavelength of 618 nm and a measurement wavelength of 660 nm using LightCycler (registered trademark) 480 Instrument II (manufactured by Roche).
Each Ct value was obtained from the fluorescence intensity-reaction time curves obtained by the measurements, and the difference with the Ct value of NC (Ct value of NC−Ct value of 109 copies of target nucleic acid) was calculated as ΔCt. Tables 2 and 3 below show the results.
As shown in Tables 2 and 3, in both cases of using miR-21-5p and Let-7a-5p as the target nucleic acid, the ΔCT values when using ST1, ST2, and D1 were decreased (that is, the Ct values were increased) compared to the ΔCT values when using CT as the Bw adapter primer. These results suggest that by changing the structure of the Bw adapter primer from a linear structure to a stem-loop structure and introducing a stem-loop structure into the template nucleic acid, the amplification cycle is accelerated and the reactivity is improved.
(1) Reverse Transcription Reaction and Extension Reaction (Template Nucleic Acid Synthesis)
The reverse transcription reaction and extension reaction were performed as follows. In a buffer containing KCl, Tween, MgSO4 and dNTPs, 5 nM Bw adapter primer (SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 4), 5 nM adapter nucleotide as the Fw adapter nucleotide whose 3′-end was not phosphorylated in the base sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 4, 0.9 U AMV (Roche), and 3.6 U Bst 2.0 Warm Start DNA Polymerase (manufactured by New England Biolabs) at final concentrations were mixed, and miR-21-5p (SEQ ID NO: 3) or Let-7a-5p (SEQ ID NO: 6) was added at 107 copies, 109 copies, or 1011 copies each or was not added (NC), and the reactions were performed at 42° C., thereby synthesizing a template nucleic acid. After that, heat treatment was performed by heating at 95° C. for 5 minutes. In addition, as a control, the reverse transcription reaction and extension reaction were performed in the same manner, and then the heat treatment was not performed.
(2) LAMP Amplification Reaction and Fluorescence Detection
To the reaction solution after the above heat treatment (with heat treatment) or after the reverse transcription reaction and extension reaction (without heat treatment), 0.8 μM Fw inner primer (whose base sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14), 0.8 μM Bw inner primer (whose base sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15), SYTO 63 (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific), and 2.4 U Bst 2.0 Warm Start DNA Polymerase at final concentrations were added to prepare a LAMP amplification reaction solution. The reaction solution was subjected to the LAMP amplification reaction at 62° C. for 60 minutes. The amount of LAMP product was measured in real time by detecting fluorescence intensity under the conditions of an excitation wavelength of 618 nm and a measurement wavelength of 660 nm using LightCycler (registered trademark) 480 Instrument II (manufactured by Roche).
As shown in
In Test Example 2, non-specific amplification reaction in NC was confirmed when Let-7a-5p was used. Thus, for the purpose of suppressing such non-specific amplification reaction, the 3′-end phosphorylation effects of the Fw adapter nucleotide were verified.
Specifically, first, in the same manner as in Test Example 2 (1), miR-21-5p (SEQ ID NO: 3) or Let-7a-5p (SEQ ID NO: 6) was added at 1011 copies each or was not added (NC) to perform the reverse transcription reaction and extension reaction (without phosphorylation). In addition, the reverse transcription reaction and extension reaction were performed (with phosphorylation) except for using, as Fw adapter nucleotides, adapter nucleotides in which the 3′-ends of the base sequences set forth in Table 1 and SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 4 were phosphorylated. Then, after each reverse transcription reaction and extension reaction, heat treatment was performed by heating at 95° C. for 5 minutes. Then, LAMP amplification reaction and fluorescence detection were performed in the same manner as in Test Example 2 (2) to obtain each fluorescence intensity-reaction time curve.
As shown in
(1) Reverse Transcription Reaction and Extension Reaction (Template Nucleic Acid Synthesis)
In the same manner as in Test Example 2 (1), miR-21-5p (SEQ ID NO: 3) or Let-7a-5p (SEQ ID NO: 6) was added at 1011 copies or was not added (NC) to perform the reverse transcription reaction and extension reaction and synthesize template nucleic acids, except for setting Bw adapter primers (SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 5) at a final concentration of 125 nM, using, as Fw adapter nucleotides, adapter nucleotides in which the 3′-ends of the base sequences set forth in Table 1 and SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 4 were phosphorylated, and setting the Fw adapter nucleotides (SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 4) to a final concentration of 50 nM. After that, heat treatment was performed by heating at 95° C. for 5 minutes.
(2) LAMP Amplification Reaction
To the reaction solution after the above heat treatment, 0.8 μM Fw inner primer (SEQ ID NO: 14), 0.8 μM Bw inner primer (SEQ ID NO: 15), 2.4 U Bst 2.0 Warm Start DNA Polymerase, and 0.04 μM fluorescence quenching probe (fluorochrome: BODIPY FL) at final concentrations were added to prepare a LAMP amplification reaction solution. Table 4 below shows the fluorescence quenching probes used for miR-21-5p and Let-7a-5p. In Table 4, the “miR-21-5p Region Design Probe” is a probe (whose base sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 16) designed to hybridize to the base sequence (SEQ ID NO: 3) of the target nucleic acid miR-21-5p, and the “Let-7a-5p Region Design Probe” is a probe (whose base sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17) designed to hybridize to the base sequence (SEQ ID NO: 6) of the target nucleic acid Let-7a-5p, and as their control, the “Loop Region Design Probe” is a probe (whose base sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18) designed to hybridize to the complementary strand of the loop region (BL, especially the region corresponding to B2) of each Bw adapter primer (SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 5). The LAMP amplification reaction was performed at 62° C. for 60 minutes using the LAMP amplification reaction solution.
(3) Melting Curve Analysis
After the LAMP amplification reaction, the reaction solution was heated at 95° C. for 5 minutes for thermal denaturation. Then, while lowering the temperature to 20° C., fluorescence intensity was measured using LightCycler (registered trademark) 480 Instrument II (manufactured by Roche) under the conditions of an excitation wavelength of 465 nm and a measurement wavelength of 510 nm. Thereby, melting curves were obtained.
As shown in
In Test Example 4, designing the probe on the region corresponding to the target nucleic acid of the template nucleic acid enabled more specific detection, so that the design region of the probe was verified in more detail.
Specifically, first, in the same manner as in Test Example 2 (1), miR-21-5p (SEQ ID NO: 3) was added at 107 copies each or was not added (NC) to perform the reverse transcription reaction and extension reaction and synthesize template nucleic acids, except for setting a Bw adapter primer (SEQ ID NO: 2) at a final concentration of 125 nM, using, as an Fw adapter nucleotide, an adapter nucleotide in which the 3′-end of the base sequence set forth in Table 1 and SEQ ID NO: 1 was phosphorylated, and setting the Fw adapter nucleotide (SEQ ID NO: 1) to a final concentration of 50 nM. After that, heat treatment was performed by heating at 95° C. for 5 minutes. Next, a LAMP amplification reaction was performed in the same manner as in Test Example 4 (2), except for using the fluorescence quenching probes shown in Table 5 below. In Table 5, “miRNA21Probe-1” to “miRNA21Probe-7” are probes designed to hybridize to the base sequence (SEQ ID NO: 3) of the target nucleic acid miR-21-5p or its complementary strand, and to have different numbers of bases to hybridize (the base sequences of Probe-2 to 7 are set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 19 to 24), and “miRNA21Probe-8” is the same as the above “miR-21-5p Region Design Probe (SEQ ID NO: 16)”. Table 5 also shows the base sequences of the sense strand and antisense strand of the target nucleic acid miR-21-5p, and the sequences corresponding to the base sequence N3c of the Bw adapter primer or its complementary strand are underlined.
(3) Melting Curve Analysis
After the LAMP amplification reaction, the reaction solution was heated at 95° C. for 5 minutes for thermal denaturation. Then, while lowering the temperature to 4° C., fluorescence intensity was measured using CFX96 Touch Deep Well Real-Time PCR Analysis System (manufactured by Bio-Rad) under the conditions of an excitation wavelength of 450 to 490 nm and a measurement wavelength of 515 to 530 nm. Thereby, melting curves were obtained.
As shown in
Meanwhile, when designing a probe for the antisense strand of the target nucleic acid (when designing a probe so as to hybridize to the base sequence of the sense strand of the target nucleic acid), that is, when designing a probe so as to hybridize to a complementary strand of the base sequence Nc on a template nucleic acid ((g) and (h)), quenching was also observed in NC for miRNA21Probe-7 (g), and quenching was observed only in the presence of the target nucleic acid for miRNA21Probe-8.
It has been confirmed/from these results that non-specific quenching is suppressed and more specific detection becomes possible by designing so that the length bondable to the Bw adapter primer (the length of the base sequence that hybridizes to N3c) is short when designing a probe for the sense strand of the target nucleic acid, that is, when designing a probe so as to hybridize to the base sequence Nc of the template nucleic acid, and by designing so that at least the entire sequence of the probe is not contained in the base sequence of the Bw adapter primer (especially, the entire sequence of the probe does not hybridize to the complementary strand of the base sequence N3c) when designing a probe for the antisense strand of the target nucleic acid, that is, when designing a probe so as to hybridize to a complementary strand of the base sequence Nc of the template nucleic acid.
As described above, the present invention makes it possible to provide a nucleic acid amplification method capable of simply and specifically amplifying a nucleic acid using a short-chain nucleic acid such as fragmented DNA or miRNA as a template, as well as a primer set, a probe, and a kit for the nucleic acid amplification method used therefor.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-215698 | Dec 2020 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2021/048115 | 12/24/2021 | WO |
