Information
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Patent Application
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20040137509
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Publication Number
20040137509
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Date Filed
February 19, 200420 years ago
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Date Published
July 15, 200420 years ago
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CPC
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US Classifications
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International Classifications
- C12Q001/68
- C07H021/04
- C07K014/705
Abstract
The invention disclosed in this patent document relates to transmembrane receptors, more particularly to endogenous, human orphan G protein-coupled receptors. The invention provides, in part, polynucleotides encoding the endogenous, human orphan G protein-coupled receptors.
Description
[0001] All references contained herein, whether to issued patents, patent applications, or non-patent references are hereby incorporated in their entirety for any purpose.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The invention disclosed in this patent document relates to transmembrane receptors, and more particularly to endogenous, orphan, human G protein-coupled receptors (“GPCRs”).
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Although a number of receptor classes exist in humans, by far the most abundant and therapeutically relevant is represented by the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR or GPCRs) class. It is estimated that there are some 100,000 genes within the human genome, and of these, approximately 2% or 2,000 genes, are estimated to code for GPCRs. Receptors, including GPCRs, for which the endogenous ligand has been identified are referred to as “known” receptors, while receptors for which the endogenous ligand has not been identified are referred to as “orphan” receptors. GPCRs represent an important area for the development of pharmaceutical products: from approximately 20 of the 100 known GPCRs, 60% of all prescription pharmaceuticals have been developed. This distinction is not merely semantic, particularly in the case of GPCRs. Thus, the orphan GPCRs are to the pharmaceutical industry what gold was to California in the late 19th century—an opportunity to drive growth, expansion, enhancement and development.
[0004] GPCRs share a common structural motif. All these receptors have seven sequences of between 22 to 24 hydrophobic amino acids that form seven alpha helices, each of which spans the membrane (each span is identified by number, i.e., transmembrane-1 (TM-1), transmebrane-2 (TM-2), etc.). The transmembrane helices are joined by strands of amino acids between transmembrane-2 and transmembrane-3, transmembrane-4 and transmembrane-5, and transmembrane-6 and transmembrane-7 on the exterior, or “extracellular” side, of the cell membrane (these are referred to as “extracellular” regions 1, 2 and 3 (EC-1, EC-2 and EC-3), respectively). The transmembrane helices are also joined by strands of amino acids between transmembrane-1 and transmembrane-2, transmembrane-3 and transmembrane-4, and transmembrane-5 and transmembrane-6 on the interior, or “intracellular” side, of the cell membrane (these are referred to as “intracellular” regions 1, 2 and 3 (IC-1, IC-2 and IC-3), respectively). The “carboxy” (“C”) terminus of the receptor lies in the intracellular space within the cell, and the “amino” (“N”) terminus of the receptor lies in the extracellular space outside of the cell.
[0005] Generally, when an endogenous ligand binds with the receptor (often referred to as “activation” of the receptor), there is a change in the conformation of the intracellular region that allows for coupling between the intracellular region and an intracellular “G-protein.” It has been reported that GPCRs are “promiscuous” with respect to G proteins, i.e., that a GPCR can interact with more than one G protein. See, Kenakin, T., 43 Life Sciences 1095 (1988). Although other G proteins exist, currently, Gq, Gs, Gi, and Go are G proteins that have been identified. Endogenous ligand-activated GPCR coupling with the G-protein begins a signaling cascade process (referred to as “signal transduction”). Under normal conditions, signal transduction ultimately results in cellular activation or cellular inhibition. It is thought that the IC-3 loop as well as the carboxy terminus of the receptor interact with the G protein.
[0006] Under physiological conditions, GPCRs exist in the cell membrane in equilibrium between two different conformations: an “inactive” state and an “active”state. A receptor in an inactive state is unable to link to the intracellular signaling transduction pathway to produce a biological response. Changing the receptor conformation to the active state allows linkage to the transduction pathway (via the G-protein) and produces a biological response. A receptor may be stabilized in an active state by an endogenous ligand or a compound such as a drug.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] Disclosed herein are human endogenous orphan G protein-coupled receptors.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0008]
FIGS. 1A and 1B provide reference “grids” for certain dot-blots provided herein (see also, FIG. 2A and 2B, respectively).
[0009]
FIGS. 2A and 2B provide reproductions of the results of certain dot-blot analyses resulting from hCHN3 and hCHN8, respectively (see also, FIGS. 1A and 1B, respectively).
[0010]
FIG. 3 provides a reproduction of the results of RT-PCR analysis of hRUP3.
[0011]
FIG. 4 provides a reproduction of the results of RT-PCR analysis of hRUP4.
[0012]
FIG. 5 provides a reproduction of the results of RT-PCR analysis of hRUP6.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] The scientific literature that has evolved around receptors has adopted a number of terms to refer to ligands having various effects on receptors. For clarity and consistency, the following definitions will be used throughout this patent document. To the extent that these definitions conflict with other definitions for these terms, the following definitions shall control:
[0014] AMINO ACID ABBREVIATIONS used herein are set out in Table 1:
1TABLE 1
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ALANINEALAA
ARGININEARGR
ASPARAGINEASNN
ASPARTIC ACIDASPD
CYSTEINECYSC
GLUTAMIC ACIDGLUE
GLUTAMINEGLNQ
GLYCINEGLYG
HISTIDINEHISH
ISOLEUCINEILEI
LEUCINELEUL
LYSINELYSK
METHIONINEMETM
PHENYLALANINEPHEF
PROLINEPROP
SERINESERS
THREONINETHRT
TRYPTOPHANTRPW
TYROSINETYRY
VALINEVALV
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[0015] COMPOSITION means a material comprising at least one component.
[0016] ENDOGENOUS shall mean a material that a mammal naturally produces. ENDOGENOUS in reference to, for example and not limitation, the term “receptor,” shall mean that which is naturally produced by a mammal (for example, and not limitation, a human) or a virus. By contrast, the term NON-ENDOGENOUS in this context shall mean that which is not naturally produced by a mammal (for example, and not limitation, a human) or a virus.
[0017] HOST CELL shall mean a cell capable of having a Plasmid and/or Vector incorporated therein. In the case of a prokaryotic Host Cell, a Plasmid is typically replicated as a autonomous molecule as the Host Cell replicates (generally, the Plasmid is thereafter isolated for introduction into a eukaryotic Host Cell); in the case of a eukaryotic Host Cell, a Plasmid is integrated into the cellular DNA of the Host Cell such that when the eukaryotic Host Cell replicates, the Plasmid replicates. Preferably, for the purposes of the invention disclosed herein, the Host Cell is eukaryotic, more preferably, mammalian, and most preferably selected from the group consisting of 293, 293T and COS-7 cells.
[0018] LIGAND shall mean an endogenous, naturally occurring molecule specific for an endogenous, naturally occurring receptor.
[0019] NON-ORPHAN RECEPTOR shall mean an endogenous naturally occurring molecule specific for an endogenous naturally occurring ligand wherein the binding of a ligand to a receptor activates an intracellular signaling pathway.
[0020] ORPHAN RECEPTOR shall mean an endogenous receptor for which the endogenous ligand specific for that receptor has not been identified or is not known.
[0021] PLASMID shall mean the combination of a Vector and cDNA. Generally, a Plasmid is introduced into a Host Cell for the purposes of replication and/or expression of the cDNA as a protein.
[0022] VECTOR sin reference to cDNA shall mean a circular DNA capable of incorporating at least one cDNA and capable of incorporation into a Host Cell.
[0023] The order of the following sections is set forth for presentational efficiency and is not intended, nor should be construed, as a limitation on the disclosure or the claims to follow.
[0024] A. Identification of Human GPCRs
[0025] The efforts of the Human Genome project have led to the identification of a plethora of information regarding nucleic acid sequences located within the human genome; it has been the case in this endeavor that genetic sequence information has been made available without an understanding or recognition as to whether or not any particular genomic sequence does or may contain open-reading frame information that translate human proteins. Several methods of identifying nucleic acid sequences within the human genome are within the purview of those having ordinary skill in the art. For example, and not limitation, a variety of GPCRs, disclosed herein, were discovered by reviewing the GenBank™ database, while other GPCRs were discovered by utilizing a nucleic acid sequence of a GPCR, previously sequenced, to conduct a BLAST™ search of the EST database. Table A, below, lists the disclosed endogenous orphan GPCRs along with a GPCR's respective homologous GPCR:
2TABLE A
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OpenReference To
DisclosedReadingPer CentHomologous
HumanAccessionFrameHomology ToGPCR
OrphanNumber(BaseDesignated(Accession
GPCRsIdentifiedPairs)GPCRNo.)
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hARE-3AL0333791,260 bp52.3% LPA-RU92642
hARE-4AC0060871,119 bp36% P2Y5AF000546
hARE-5AC0062551,104 bp32% OryziasD43633
latipes
hGPR27AA7758701,128 bp
hARE-1AI090920 999 bp43%D13626
KIAA0001
hARE-2AA3595041,122 bp53% GPR27
hPPR1H672241,053 bp39% EBI1L31581
hG2AAA7547021,113 bp31% GPR4L36148
hRUP3AL0354231,005 bp30%2133653
Drosophila
melanogaster
hRUP4AI3076581,296 bp32% pNPGPRNP_004876
28% and 29 %AAC41276
Zebra fish Yaand
and Yb,AAB94616
respectively
hRUP5AC0058491,413 bp25% DEZQ99788
23% FMLPRP21462
hRUP6AC0058711,245 bp48% GPR66NP_006047
hRUP7AC0079221,173 bp43% H3RAF140538
hCHN3EST 365811,113 bp53% GPR27
hCHN4AA8045311,077 bp32% thrombin4503637
hCHN6EST 21346701,503 bp36% edg-1NP_001391
hCHN8EST 7644551,029 bp47%D13626
KIAA0001
hCHN9EST 15415361,077 bp41% LTB4RNM_000752
hCHN10EST 13658391,055 bp35% P2YNM_002563
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[0026] Receptor homology is useful in terms of gaining an appreciation of a role of the disclosed receptors within the human body. Additionally, such homology can provide insight as to possible endogenous ligand(s) that may be natural activators for the disclosed orphan GPCRs.
[0027] The ARE-2 receptor disclosed herein was discovered by screening a human genomic library using EST clone 68530 (GenBank Accession Number AA359504). An analysis of this sequence by the named invnetor herein has led to the discovery of a 1,122 base-pair open reading-frame, and upon analysis thereof, this open reading-frame sequence evidences sequence homology with the human GPR27, seven-transmembrane receptor.
[0028] The nucleic-acid sequence of the novel human receptor ARE-2 is set forth in SEQ.ID.NO.19 and the putative amino acid sequence thereof is set forth in SEQ.ID.NO.20. An alignment report comparing the sequence set forth in SEQ.ID.NO.20 and the reported amino acid sequence for the human GPR27, seven-transmembrane receptor (see FIG. 1) indicates there is a 53% sequence homology between these receptors.
[0029] B. Receptor Screening
[0030] Techniques have become more readily available over the past few years for endogenous-ligand identification (this, primarily, for the purpose of providing a means of conducting receptor-binding assays that require a receptor's endogenous ligand) because the traditional study of receptors has always proceeded from the a priori assumption (historically based) that the endogenous ligand must first be identified before discovery could proceed to find antagonists and other molecules that could affect the receptor. Even in cases where an antagonist might have been known first, the search immediately extended to looking for the endogenous ligand. This mode of thinking has persisted in receptor research even after the discovery of constitutively activated receptors. What has not been heretofore recognized is that it is the active state of the receptor that is most useful for discovering agonists, partial agonists, and inverse agonists of the receptor. For those diseases which result from an overly active receptor or an under-active receptor, what is desired in a therapeutic drug is a compound which acts to diminish the active state of a receptor or enhance the activity of the receptor, respectively, not necessarily a drug which is an antagonist to the endogenous ligand. This is because a compound that reduces or enhances the activity of the active receptor state need not bind at the same site as the endogenous ligand. Thus, as taught by a method of this invention, any search for therapeutic compounds should start by screening compounds against the ligand-independent active state.
[0031] As is known in the art, GPCRs can be “active” in their endogenous state even without the binding of the receptor's endogenous ligand thereto. Such naturally-active receptors can be screened for the direct identification (i.e., without the need for the receptor's endogenous ligand) of, in particular, inverse agonists. Alternatively, the receptor can be “activated” via, e.g., mutation of the receptor to establish a non-endogenous version of the receptor that is active in the absence of the receptor's endogenous ligand.
[0032] Screening candidate compounds against an endogenous or non-endogenous, constitutively activated version of the human orphan GPCRs disclosed herein can provide for the direct identification of candidate compounds which act at this cell surface receptor, without requiring use of the receptor's endogenous ligand. By determining areas within the body where the endogenous version of human GPCRs disclosed herein is expressed and/or over-expressed, it is possible to determine related disease/disorder states which are associated with the expression and/or over-expression of the receptor; such an approach is disclosed in this patent document.
[0033] With respect to creation of a mutation that may evidence constitutive activation of human orphan GPCRs disclosed herein is based upon the distance from the proline residue at which is presumed to be located within TM6 of the GPCR typically nears the TM6/IC3 interface (such proline residue appears to be quite conserved). By mutating the amino acid residue located 16 amino acid residues from this residue (presumably located in the IC3 region of the receptor) to, most preferably, a lysine residue, such activation may be obtained. Other amino acid residues may be useful in the mutation at this position to achieve this objective.
[0034] C. Disease/Disorder Identification and/or Selection
[0035] Preferably, the DNA sequence of the human orphan GPCR can be used to make a probe for (a) dot-blot analysis against tissue-mRNA, and/or (b) RT-PCR identification of the expression of the receptor in tissue samples. The presence of a receptor in a tissue source, or a diseased tissue, or the presence of the receptor at elevated concentrations in diseased tissue compared to a normal tissue, can be preferably utilized to identify a correlation with a treatment regimen, including but not limited to, a disease associated with that disease. Receptors can equally well be localized to regions of organs by this technique. Based on the known functions of the specific tissues to which the receptor is localized, the putative functional role of the receptor can be deduced.
[0036] D. Screening of Candidate Compounds
[0037] 1. Generic GPCR Screening Assay Techniques
[0038] When a G protein receptor becomes constitutively active (i.e., active in the absence of endogenous ligand binding thereto), it binds to a G protein (e.g., Gq, Gs, Gi, Go) and stimulates the binding of GTP to the G protein. The G protein then acts as a GTPase and slowly hydrolyzes the GTP to GDP, whereby the receptor, under normal conditions, becomes deactivated. However, constitutively activated receptors continue to exchange GDP to GTP. A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, [35S]GTPΓS, can be used to monitor enhanced binding to membranes which express constitutively activated receptors. It is reported that [35S]GTPΓS can be used to monitor G protein coupling to membranes in the absence and presence of ligand. An example of this monitoring, among other examples well-known and available to those in the art, was reported by Traynor and Nahorski in 1995. The preferred use of this assay system is for initial screening of candidate compounds because the system is generically applicable to all G protein-coupled receptors regardless of the particular G protein that interacts with the intracellular domain of the receptor.
[0039] 2. Specific GPCR Screening Assay Techniques
[0040] Once candidate compounds are identified using the “generic” G protein-coupled receptor assay (i.e., an assay to select compounds that are agonists, partial agonists, or inverse agonists), further screening to confirm that the compounds have interacted at the receptor site is preferred. For example, a compound identified by the “generic” assay may not bind to the receptor, but may instead merely “uncouple” the G protein from the intracellular domain.
[0041] a. Gs and Gi.
[0042] Gs stimulates the enzyme adenylyl cyclase. Gi (and Go), on the other hand, inhibit this enzyme. Adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP; thus, constitutively activated GPCRs that couple the Gs protein are associated with increased cellular levels of cAMP. On the other hand, constitutively activated GPCRs that couple the Gi (or Go) protein are associated with decreased cellular levels of cAMP. See, generally, “Indirect Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission,” Chpt. 8, From Neuron To Brain (3rd Ed.) Nichols, J. G. et al eds. Sinauer Associates, Inc. (1992). Thus, assays that detect cAMP can be utilized to determine if a candidate compound is, e.g., an inverse agonist to the receptor (i.e., such a compound would decrease the levels of cAMP). A variety of approaches known in the art for measuring cAMP can be utilized; a most preferred approach relies upon the use of anti-cAMP antibodies in an ELISA-based format. Another type of assay that can be utilized is a whole cell second messenger reporter system assay. Promoters on genes drive the expression of the proteins that a particular gene encodes. Cyclic AMP drives gene expression by promoting the binding of a cAMP-responsive DNA binding protein or transcription factor (CREB) which then binds to the promoter at specific sites called cAMP response elements and drives the expression of the gene. Reporter systems can be constructed which have a promoter containing multiple cAMP response elements before the reporter gene, e.g., β-galactosidase or luciferase. Thus, a constitutively activated Gs-linked receptor causes the accumulation of cAMP that then activates the gene and expression of the reporter protein. The reporter protein such as β-galactosidase or luciferase can then be detected using standard biochemical assays (Chen et al. 1995).
[0043] b. Go and Gq.
[0044] Gq and Go are associated with activation of the enzyme phospholipase C, which in turn hydrolyzes the phospholipid PIP2, releasing two intracellular messengers: diacycloglycerol (DAG) and inistol 1,4,5-triphoisphate (IP3). Increased accumulation of IP3 is associated with activation of Gq- and Go-associated receptors. See, generally, “Indirect Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission,” Chpt. 8, From Neuron To Brain (3rd Ed.) Nichols, J. G. et al eds. Sinauer Associates, Inc. (1992). Assays that detect IP3 accumulation can be utilized to determine if a candidate compound is, e.g., an inverse agonist to a Gq- or Go-associated receptor (i.e., such a compound would decrease the levels of IP3). Gq-associated receptors can also been examined using an AP1 reporter assay in that Gq-dependent phospholipase C causes activation of genes containing AP1 elements; thus, activated Gq-associated receptors will evidence an increase in the expression of such genes, whereby inverse agonists thereto will evidence a decrease in such expression, and agonists will evidence an increase in such expression. Commercially available assays for such detection are available.
[0045] 3. GPCR Fusion Protein
[0046] The use of an endogenous, constitutively activated orphan GPCR, or a non-endogenous, constitutively activated orphan GPCR, for screening of candidate compounds for the direct identification of inverse agonists, agonists and partial agonists provides a unique challenge in that, by definition, the receptor is active even in the absence of an endogenous ligand bound thereto. Thus, it is often useful that an approach be utilized that can enhance the signal obtained by the activated receptor. A preferred approach is the use of a GPCR Fusion Protein.
[0047] Generally, once it is determined that a GPCR is or has been constitutively activated, using the assay techniques set forth above (as well as others), it is possible to determine the predominant G protein that couples with the endogenous GPCR. Coupling of the G protein to the GPCR provides a signaling pathway that can be assessed. Because it is most preferred that screening take place by use of a mammalian expression system, such a system will be expected to have endogenous G protein therein. Thus, by definition, in such a system, the constitutively activated orphan GPCR will continuously signal. In this regard, it is preferred that this signal be enhanced such that in the presence of, e.g., an inverse agonist to the receptor, it is more likely that it will be able to more readily differentiate, particularly in the context of screening, between the receptor when it is contacted with the inverse agonist.
[0048] The GPCR Fusion Protein is intended to enhance the efficacy of G protein coupling with the GPCR. The GPCR Fusion Protein is preferred for screening with a non-endogenous, constitutively activated GPCR because such an approach increases the signal that is most preferably utilized in such screening techniques, although the GPCR Fusion Protein can also be (and preferably is) used with an endogenous, constitutively activated GPCR. This is important in facilitating a significant “signal to noise” ratio; such a significant ratio is import preferred for the screening of candidate compounds as disclosed herein.
[0049] The construction of a construct useful for expression of a GPCR Fusion Protein is within the purview of those having ordinary skill in the art. Commercially available expression vectors and systems offer a variety of approaches that can fit the particular needs of an investigator. The criteria of importance for such a GPCR Fusion Protein construct is that the GPCR sequence and the G protein sequence both be in-frame (preferably, the sequence for the GPCR is upstream of the G protein sequence) and that the “stop” codon of the GPCR must be deleted or replaced such that upon expression of the GPCR, the G protein can also be expressed. The GPCR can be linked directly to the G protein, or there can be spacer residues between the two (preferably, no more than about 12, although this number can be readily ascertained by one of ordinary skill in the art). We have a preference (based upon convenience) of use of a spacer in that some restriction sites that are not used will, effectively, upon expression, become a spacer. Most preferably, the G protein that couples to the GPCR will have been identified prior to the creation of the GPCR Fusion Protein construct. Because there are only a few G proteins that have been identified, it is preferred that a construct comprising the sequence of the G protein (i.e., a universal G protein construct) be available for insertion of an endogenous GPCR sequence therein; this provides for efficiency in the context of large-scale screening of a variety of different endogenous GPCRs having different sequences.
[0050] E. Other Utility
[0051] Although a preferred use of the human orphan GPCRs disclosed herein may be for the direct identification of candidate compounds as inverse agonists, agonists or partial agonists (preferably for use as pharmaceutical agents), these versions of human GPCRs can also be utilized in research settings. For example, in vitro and in vivo systems incorporating GPCRs can be utilized to further elucidate and understand the roles these receptors play in the human condition, both normal and diseased, as well as understanding the role of constitutive activation as it applies to understanding the signaling cascade. The value in human orphan GPCRs is that its utility as a research tool is enhanced in that by determining the location(s) of such receptors within the body, the GPCRs can be used to understand the role of these receptors in the human body before the endogenous ligand therefor is identified. Other uses of the disclosed receptors will become apparent to those in the art based upon, inter alia, a review of this patent document.
EXAMPLES
[0052] The following examples are presented for purposes of elucidation, and not limitation, of the present invention. While specific nucleic acid and amino acid sequences are disclosed herein, those of ordinary skill in the art are credited with the ability to make minor modifications to these sequences while achieving the same or substantially similar results reported below. Unless otherwise indicated below, all nucleic acid sequences for the disclosed endogenous orphan human GPCRs have been sequenced and verified. For purposes of equivalent receptors, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that conservative substitutions can be made to the disclosed sequences to obtain a functionally equivalent receptor.
Endogenous Human GPCRs
[0053] 1. Identification of Human GPCRs
[0054] Several of the disclosed endogenous human GPCRs were identified based upon a review of the GenBank database information. While searching the database, the following cDNA clones were identified as evidenced below.
3|
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Disclosed
HumanComplete DNAOpen ReadingNucleic Acid
OrphanAccessionSequenceFrameSEQ. ID.Amino Acid
GPCRsNumber(Base Pairs)(Base Pairs)NO.SEQ. ID. NO.
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hARE-3AL033379111,389 bp1,260 bp12
hARE-4AC006087226,925 bp1,119 bp34
hARE-5AC006255127,605 bp1,104 bp56
hRUP3AL035423140,094 bp1,005 bp78
hRUP5AC005849169,144 bp1,413 bp910
hRUP6AC005871218,807 bp1,245 bp1112
hRUP7AC007922158,858 bp1,173 bp1314
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[0055] Other disclosed endogenous human GPCRs were identified by conducting a BLAST search of EST database (dbest) using the following EST clones as query sequences. The following EST clones identified were then used as a probe to screen a human genomic library.
4|
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DisclosedOpen
HumanEST Clone/Reading
OrphanQueryAccession No.FrameNucleic AcidAmino Acid
GPCRs(Sequence)Identified(Base Pairs)SEQ. ID. NO.SEQ. ID. NO.
|
hGPCR27MouseAA7758701,125 bp1516
GPCR27
hARE-1TDAG1689643 999 bp1718
AI090920
hARE-2GPCR27685301,122 bp1920
AA359504
hPPR1Bovine2386671,053 bp2122
PPR1H67224
hG2AMouseSee Example 2(a),1,113 bp2324
1179426below
hCHN3N.A.EST 365811,113 bp2526
(full length)
hCHN4TDAG11849341,077 bp2728
AA804531
hCHN6N.A.EST 21346701,503 bp2930
(full length)
hCHN8KIAA0001EST 7644551,029 bp3132
hCHN91365839EST 15415361,077 bp3334
hCHN10Mouse ESTHuman 13658391,005 bp3536
1365839
hRUP4N.A.AI3076581,296 bp3738
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N.A. = “not applicable”.
[0056] 1.a Identification of Human ARE-2
[0057] The disclosed human ARE-2 was identified based upon the use of EST database information. The nucleic acid sequence of human GPR27 was used to conduct a BLAST search of the EST database (“dbest” search). EST clone 68530 (Genbank Accession Number AA359504) was identified from this search and then used as a probe to screen a human genomic library (Stratagene, #942503), following manufacturer instructions. This resulted in a positive genomic clone; the fragment containing a coding sequence was localized with restriction mapping and Southern blot analysis. This fragment was then subcloned into pBluScript (Stratagene), followed by sequencing (SEQ.ID.NO.:1) of human ARE-2. This sequence was then-sub-cloned into pCMV (see infra). The putative amino acid sequence for ARE-2 is set forth in SEQ.ID.NO.:2.
[0058] 1.b Preparation of Non-Endogenous, Constitutively Activated ARE-2
[0059] Preparation of the non-endogenous human ARE-2 receptor that may evidence constitutive activation of the receptor disclosed herein may be accomplished by creating a mutation at position 285G, most preferably an G285K mutation. Mutagenesis can preferably be performed using a Transformer Site-Directed™ Mutagenesis Kit (Clontech) according to manufacturer's instructions. The two mutagenesis primers are to be utilized, a lysine mutagenesis oligonucleotide that creates the lysine mutation at amino acid position 285G (e.g., changing GGC to AAA at nucelotides 853-855) and a selection marker oligonucleotide.
[0060] 2. Full Length Cloning
[0061] a. hG2A (Seq. Id. Nos. 23 & 24) Mouse EST clone 1179426 was used to obtain a human genomic clone containing all but three amino acid hG2A coding sequences. The 5′end of this coding sequence was obtained by using 5′RACE™, and the template for PCR was Clontech's Human Spleen Marathon-ready™ cDNA. The disclosed human G2A was amplified by PCR using the G2A cDNA specific primers for the first and second round PCR as shown in SEQ.ID.NO.:39 and SEQ.ID.NO.:40 as follows:
5|
5′-CTGTGTACAGCAGTTCGCAGAGTG-3′(SEQ. ID. NO.: 39;
1st round PCR)
|
5′-GAGTGCCAGGCAGAGCAGGTAGAC-3′.(SEQ. ID. NO.: 40;
second round PCR)
[0062] PCR was performed using Advantage™ GC Polymerase Kit (Clontech; manufacturing instructions will be followed), at 94° C. for 30 sec followed by 5 cycles of 94° C. for 5 sec and 72° C. for 4 min; and 30 cycles of 94° for 5 sec and 70° for 4 min. An approximate 1.3 Kb PCR fragment was purified from agarose gel, digested with Hind III and Xba I and cloned into the expression vector pRC/CMV2 (Invitrogen). The cloned-insert was sequenced using the T7 Sequenase™ kit (USB Amersham; manufacturer instructions will be followed) and the sequence was compared with the presented sequence. Expression of the human G2A will be detected by probing an RNA dot blot (Clontech; manufacturer instructions will be followed) with the P32-labeled fragment.
[0063] b. hCHN9 (Seq. Id. Nos. 33 & 34)
[0064] Sequencing of the EST clone 1541536 indicated that hCHN9 is a partial cDNA clone having only an initiation codon; i.e., the termination codon was missing. When hCHN9 was used to “blast” against the data base (nr), the 3′ sequence of hCHN9 was 100% homologous to the 5′ untranslated region of the leukotriene B4 receptor cDNA, which contained a termination codon in the frame with hCHN9 coding sequence. To determine whether the 5′ untranslated region of LTB4R cDNA was the 3′ sequence of hCHN9, PCR was performed using primers based upon the 5′ sequence flanking the initiation codon found in hCHN9 and the 3′ sequence around the termination codon found in the LTB4R 5′ untranslated region. The 5′ primer sequence utilized was as follows:
6|
5′-CCCGAATTCCTGCTTGCTCCCAGCTTGGCCC-3′(SEQ. ID. NO.: 41; sense)
and
|
5′-TGTGGATCCTGCTGTCAAAGGTCCCATTCCGG-3′.(SEQ. ID. NO.: 42; antisense)
[0065] PCR was performed using thymus cDNA as a template and rTth polymerase (Perkin Elmer) with the buffer system provided by the manufacturer, 0.25 uM of each primer, and 0.2 mM of each 4 nucleotides. The cycle condition was 30 cycles of 94° C. for 1 min, 65° C. for min and 72° C. for 1 min and 10 sec. A 1.1 kb fragment consistent with the predicted size was obtained from PCR. This PCR fragment was subcloned into pCMV (see below) and sequenced (see, SEQ.ID.NO.:33).
[0066] c. hRUP 4 (Seq. Id. Nos. 37 & 38)
[0067] The full length hRUP4 was cloned by RT-PCR with human brain cDNA (Clontech) as templates:
7|
5′-TCACAATGCTAGGTGTGGTC-3′(SEQ. ID. NO.: 43;
andsense)
|
5′-TGCATAGACAATGGGATTACAG-3′.(SEQ. ID. NO.: 44;
antisense)
[0068] PCR was performed using TaqPlus™ Precision™ polymerase (Stratagene; manufacturing instructions will be followed) by the following cycles: 94° C. for 2 min; 94° C. 30 sec; 55° C. for 30 sec, 72° C. for 45 sec, and 72° C. for 10 min. Cycles 2 through 4 were repeated 30 times.
[0069] The PCR products were separated on a 1% agarose gel and a 500 bp PCR fragment was isolated and cloned into the pCRII-TOPO vector (Invitrogen) and sequenced using the T7 DNA Sequenase™ kit (Amsham) and the SP6/T7 primers (Stratagene). Sequence analysis revealed that the PCR fragment was indeed an alternatively spliced form of AI307658 having a continuous open reading frame with similarity to other GPCRs. The completed sequence of this PCR fragment was as follows:
8|
5′-TCACAATGCTAGGTGTGGTCTGGCTGGTG(SEQ. ID. NO.: 45)
|
GCAGTCATCGTAGGATCACCCATGTGGCACGT
|
GCAACAACTTGAGATCAAATATGACTTCCTAT
|
ATGAAAAGGAACACATCTGCTGCTTAGAAGAG
|
TGGACCAGCCCTGTGCACCAGAAGATCTACAC
|
CACCTTCATCCTTGTCATCCTCTTCCTCCTGC
|
CTCTTATGGTGATGCTTATTCTGTACGTAAAA
|
TTGGTTATGAACTTTGGATAAAGAAAAGAGTT
|
GGGGATGGTTCAGTGCTTCGAACTATTCATGG
|
AAAAGAAATGTCCAAAATAGCCAGGAAGAAGA
|
AACGAGCTGTCATTATGATGGTGACAGTGGTG
|
GCTCTCTTTGCTGTGTGCTGGGCACCATTCCA
|
TGTTGTCCATATGATGATTGAATACAGTAATT
|
TTGAAAAGGAATATGATGATGTCACAATCAAG
|
ATGATTTTTGCTATCGTGCAAATTATTGGATT
|
TTCCAACTCCATCTGTAATCCCATTGTCTATG
|
CA-3′
[0070] Based on the above sequence, two sense oligonucleotide primer sets:
9|
5′-CTGCTTAGAAGAGTGGACCAG-3′,(SEQ. ID. NO.: 46;
oligo 1)
|
5′-CTGTGCACCAGAAGATCTACAC-3′(SEQ. IDNO.: 47;
oligo 2)
[0071] and two antisense oligonucleotide primer sets:
10|
5′-CAAGGATGAAGGTGGTGTAGA-3′(SEQ. ID. NO.: 48;
oligo 3)
|
5′-GTGTAGATGTTCTGGTGCACAGG-3′(SEQ. ID. NO.: 49;
oligo 4)
[0072] were used for 3′- and 5′-race PCR with a human brain Marathon-Ready™ cDNA (Clontech, Cat# 7400-1) as template, according to manufacture's instructions. DNA fragments generated by the RACE PCR were cloned into the pCRII-TOPO™ vector (Invitrogen) and sequenced using the SP6/T7 primers (Stratagene) and some internal primers. The 3′ RACE product contained a poly(A) tail and a completed open reading frame ending at a TAA stop codon. The 5′ RACE product contained an incomplete 5′ end; i.e., the ATG initiation codon was not present.
[0073] Based on the new 5′ sequence, oligo 3 and the following primer:
[0074] 5′-GCAATGCAGGTCATAGTGAGC -3′ (SEQ.ID.NO.: 50; oligo 5)
[0075] were used for the second round of 5′ RACE PCR and the PCR products were analyzed as above. A third round of 5′ RACE PCR was carried out utilizing antisense primers:
11|
5′-TGGAGCATGGTGACGGGAATGCAGAAG-3′ and(SEQ. ID. NO.: 51; oligo 6)
|
5′-GTGATGAGCAGGTCACTGAGCGCCAAG-3′.(SEQ. ID. NO.: 52; oligo 7)
[0076] The sequence of the 5′ RACE PCR products revealed the presence of the initiation codon ATG, and further round of 5′ RACE PCR did not generate any more 5′ sequence. The completed 5′ sequence was confirmed by RT-PCR using sense primer
[0077] 5′-GCAATGCAGGCGCTTAACATTAC-3′ (SEQ.ID.NO.: 53; oligo 8)
[0078] and oligo 4 as primers and sequence analysis of the 650 bp PCR product generated from human brain and heart cDNA templates (Clontech, Cat# 7404-1). The completed 3′ sequence was confirmed by RT-PCR using oligo 2 and the following antisense primer:
[0079] 5′-TTGGGTTACAATCTGAAGGGCA-3′ (SEQ.ID.NO.: 54; oligo 9)
[0080] and sequence analysis of the 670 bp PCR product generated from human brain and heart cDNA templates. (Clontech, Cat# 7404-1).
[0081] d. hRUP5 (Seq. Id. Nos. 9 & 10)
[0082] The full length hRUP5 was cloned by RT-PCR using a sense primer upstream from ATG, the initiation codon (SEQ.ID.NO.: 55), and an antisense primer containing TCA as the stop codon (SEQ.ID.NO.: 56), which had the following sequences:
12|
5′-ACTCCGTGTCCAGCAGGACTCTG-3′(SEQ. ID. NO. :55)
|
5′-TGCGTGTTCCTGGACCCTCACGTG-3′(SEQ. ID. NO.: 56)
[0083] and human peripheral leukocyte cDNA (Clontech) as a template. Advantage cDNA polymerase (Clontech) was used for the amplification in a 50 ul reaction by the following cycle with step 2 through step 4 repeated 30 times: 94° C. for 30 sec; 94° for 15 sec; 69° for 40 sec; 72° C. for 3 min; and 72° C. fro 6 min. A 1.4 kb PCR fragment was isolated and cloned with the pCRII-TOPO™ vector (Invitrogen) and completely sequenced using the T7 DNA Sequenase™ kit (Amsham). See, SEQ.ID.NO.: 9.
[0084] e. hRUP6 (Seq. Id. Nos. 11 & 12)
[0085] The full length hRUP6 was cloned by RT-PCR using primers:
13|
5′-CAGGCCTTGGATTTTAATGTCAGGGATGG-3′ and(SEQ. ID. NO.: 57)
|
5′-GGAGAGTCAGCTCTGAAAGAATTCAGG-3′;(SEQ. ID. NO.: 58)
[0086] and human thymus Marathon-Ready™ cDNA (Clontech) as a template. Advantage cDNA polymerase (Clontech, according to manufacturer's instructions) was used for the amplification in a 50 ul reaction by the following cycle: 94° C. for 30 sec; 94° C. for 5 sec; 66° C. for 40 sec; 72° C. for 2.5 sec and 72° C. for 7 min. Cycles 2 through 4 were repeated 30 times. A 1.3 Kb PCR fragment was isolated and cloned into the pCRII-TOPO™ vector (Invitrogen) and completely sequenced (see, SEQ.ID.NO.: 11) using the ABI Big Dye Terminator™ kit (P.E. Biosystem).
[0087] f. hRUP7 (Seq. Id. Nos. 13 & 14)
[0088] The full length RUP7 was cloned by RT-PCR using primers:
14|
5′-TGATGTGATGCCAGATACTAATAGCAC-3′(SEQ. ID. NO.:
and59; sense)
|
5′-CCTGATTCATTTAGGTGAGATTGAGAC-3′(SEQ. ID. NO.:
60; antisense)
[0089] and human peripheral leukocyte cDNA (Clontech) as a template. Advantage™ cDNA polymerase (Clontech) was used for the amplification in a 50 ul reaction by the following cycle with step 2 to step 4 repeated 30 times: 94° C. for 2 minutes; 94° C. for 15 seconds; 60° C. for 20 seconds; 72° C. for 2 minutes; 72° C. for 10 minutes. A 1.25 Kb PCR fragment was isolated and cloned into the pCRII-TOPO™ vector (Invitrogen) and completely sequenced using the ABI Big Dye Terminator™ kit (P.E. Biosystem). See, SEQ.ID.NO.: 13.
[0090] g. hARE-5 (Seq. Id. Nos. 5 & 6)
[0091] The full length hARE-5 was cloned by PCR using the hARE5 specific primers 5′-CAGCGCAGGGTGAAGCCTGAGAGC-3′ SEQ.ID.NO.: 69 (sense, 5′ of initiation codon ATG) and 5′-GGCACCTGCTGTGACCTGTGCAGG-3′ SEQ.ID.NO.:70 (antisense, 3′ of stop codon TGA) and human genomic DNA as template. TaqPlus Precision™ DNA polymerase (Stratagene) was used for the amplification by the following cycle with step 2 to step 4 repeated 35 times: 96° C., 2 minutes; 96° C., 20 seconds; 58° C., 30 seconds; 72° C., 2 minutes; and 72° C., 10 minutes
[0092] A 1.1 Kb PCR fragment of predicated size was isolated and cloned into the pCRII-TOPO™ vector (Invitrogen) and completely sequenced (SEQ.ID.NO.:5) using the T7 DNA Sequenase™ kit (Amsham).
[0093] h. hARE-4 (Seq. Id. Nos.: 3 & 4)
[0094] The full length hARE-4 was cloned by PCR using the hARE-4 specific primers 5′-CTGGTGTGCTCCATGGCATCCC-3′ SEQ.ID.NO.:67 (sense, 5′ of initiation codon ATG) and 5′-GTAAGCCTCCCAGAACGAGAGG-3′ SEQ.ID.NO.: 68 (antisense, 3′ of stop codon TGA) and human genomic DNA as template. Taq DNA polymerase (Stratagene) and 5% DMSO was used for the amplification by the following cycle with step 2 to step 3 repeated 35 times: 94° C., 3 minutes; 94° C., 30 seconds; 59° C., 2 minutes; 72° C., 10 minutes
[0095] A 1.12 Kb PCR fragment of predicated size was isolated and cloned into the pCRII-TOPO™ vector (Invitrogen) and completely sequenced (SEQ.ID.NO.:3) using the T7 DNA Sequenase™ kit (Amsham).
[0096] i. hARE-3 (Seq.Id.Nos.: 1 & 2)
[0097] The full length hARE-3 was cloned by PCR using the hARE-3 specific primers 5′-gatcaagcttCCATCCTACTGAAACCATGGTC-3′ SEQ.ID.NO.:65 (sense, lower case nucleotides represent Hind III overhang, ATG as initiation codon) and 5′-gatcagatctCAGTTCCAATATTCACACCACCGTC-3′ SEQ.ID.NO.:66 (antisense, lower case nucleotides represent Xba I overhang, TCA as stop codon) and human genomic DNA as template. TaqPlus Precision™ DNA polymerase (Stratagene) was used for the amplification by the following cycle with step 2 to step 4 repeated 35 times: 94° C., 3 minutes; 94° C., 1 minute; 55° C., 1 minute; 72° C., 2 minutes; 72° C., 10 minutes.
[0098] A 1.3 Kb PCR fragment of predicated size was isolated and digested with Hind III and Xba I, cloned into the pRC/CMV2 vector (Invitrogen) at the Hind III and Xba I sites and completely sequenced (SEQ.ID.NO.:1) using the T7 DNA Sequenase™ kit (Amsham).
[0099] j. hRUP3 (Seq. Id. Nos.:7 & 8)
[0100] The full length hRUP3 was cloned by PCR using the hRUP3 specific primers 5′-GTCCTGCCACTTCGAGACATGG-3′ SEQ.ID.NO.:71 (sense, ATG as initiation codon) and 5′-GAAACTTCTCTGCCCTTACCGTC-3′ SEQ.ID.NO.:72 (antisense, 3′ of stop codon TAA) and human genomic DNA as template. TaqPlus Precision™ DNA polymerase (Stratagene) was used for the amplification by the following cycle with step 2 to step 4 repeated 35 times: 94° C., 3 minutes; 94° C., 1 minute; 58° C., 1 minute; 72° C., 2 minutes; 72° C., 10 minutes
[0101] A 1.0 Kb PCR fragment of predicated size was isolated and cloned into the pCRII-TOPO™ vector (Invitrogen) and completely sequenced (SEQ.ID.NO.: 7) using the T7 DNA sequenase kit (Amsham).
Receptor Expression
[0102] Although a variety of cells are available to the art for the expression of proteins, it is most preferred that mammalian cells be utilized. The primary reason for this is predicated upon practicalities, i.e., utilization of, e.g., yeast cells for the expression of a GPCR, while possible, introduces into the protocol a non-mammalian cell which may not (indeed, in the case of yeast, does not) include the receptor-coupling, genetic-mechanism and secretary pathways that have evolved for mammalian systems—thus, results obtained in non-mammalian cells, while of potential use, are not as preferred as that obtained from mammalian cells. Of the mammalian cells, COS-7, 293 and 293T cells are particularly preferred, although the specific mammalian cell utilized can be predicated upon the particular needs of the artisan. The general procedure for expression of the disclosed GPCRs is as follows.
[0103] On day one, 1×107 293T cells per 150 mm plate were plated out. On day two, two reaction tubes will be prepared (the proportions to follow for each tube are per plate): tube A will be prepared by mixing 20 μg DNA (e.g., pCMV vector; pCMV vector with receptor cDNA, etc.) in 1.2 ml serum free DMEM (Irvine Scientific, Irvine, Calif.); tube B will be prepared by mixing 120 μl lipofectamine (Gibco BRL) in 1.2 ml serum free DMEM. Tubes A and B are admixed by inversions (several times), followed by incubation at room temperature for 30-45 min. The admixture can be referred to as the “transfection mixture”. Plated 293T cells are washed with 1XPBS, followed by addition of 10 ml serum free DMEM. 2.4 ml of the transfection mixture will then be added to the cells, followed by incubation for 4 hrs at 37° C./5% CO2. The transfection mixture was then be removed by aspiration, followed by the addition of 25 ml of DMEM/10% Fetal Bovine Serum. Cells will then be incubated at 37° C./5% CO2. After 72 hr incubation, cells can then be harvested and utilized for analysis.
Tissue Distribution of the Disclosed Human GPCRS
[0104] Several approaches can be used for determination of the tissue distribution of the GPCRs disclosed herein.
[0105] 1. Dot-Blot Analysis
[0106] Using a commercially available human-tissue dot-blot format, endogenous orphan GPCRs were probed for a determination of the areas where such receptors are localized. cDNA fragments from the GPCRs of Example 1 (radiolabelled) were (or can be) used as the probe: radiolabeled probe was (or can be) generated using the complete receptor cDNA (excised from the vector) using a Prime-It II™ Random Primer Labeling Kit (Stratagene, #300385), according to manufacturer's instructions. A human RNA Master Blot™ (Clontech, #7770-1) was hybridized with the endogenous human GPCR radiolabeled probe and washed under stringent conditions according manufacturer's instructions. The blot was exposed to Kodak BioMax™ Autoradiography film overnight at −80° C. Results are summarized for several receptors in Table B and C (see FIGS. 1A and 1B for a grid identifying the various tissues and their locations, respectively). Exemplary dot-blots are provided in FIG. 2A and 2B for results derived using hCHN3 and hCHN8, respectively.
15TABLE B
|
|
ORPHANTissue Distribution
GPCR(highest levels, relative to other tissues in the dot-blot)
|
hGPCR27Fetal brain, Putamen, Pituitary gland, Caudate nucleus
hARE-1Spleen, Peripheral leukocytes, Fetal spleen
hPPR1Pituitary gland, Heart, salivary gland, Small intestine, Testis
hRUP3Pancreas
hCHN3Fetal brain, Putamen, Occipital cortex
hCHN9Pancreas, Small intestine, Liver
hCHN10Kidney, Thryoid
|
[0107]
16
TABLE C
|
|
|
Tissue Distribution
|
ORPHAN GPCR
(highest levels, relative to other tissues in the dot-blot)
|
|
hARE-3
Cerebellum left, Cerebellum right, Testis, Accumbens
|
hGPCR3
Corpus collusum, Caudate nucleus, Liver, Heart, Inter-
|
Ventricular Septum
|
hARE-2
Cerebellum left, Cerebellum right, Substantia
|
hCHN8
Cerebellum left, Cerebellum right, Kidney, Lung
|
|
[0108] 2. RT-PCR
[0109] a. hRUP3
[0110] To ascertain the tissue distribution of hRUP3 mRNA, RT-PCR was performed using hRUP3-specific primers and human multiple tissue cDNA panels (MTC, Clontech) as templates. Taq DNA polymerase (Stratagene) was utilized for the PCR reaction, using the following reaction cycles in a 40 ul reaction: 94° C. for 2 min; 94° C. for 15 sec; 55° C. for 30 sec; 72° C. for 1 min; 72° C., for 10 min. Primers were as follows:
17|
5′-GACAGGTACCTTGCCATCAAG-3′;(SEQ.ID.NO.: 61;
sense)
|
5′-CTGCACAATGCCAGTGATAAGG-3′;(SEQ.ID.NO.: 62;
antisense).
[0111] 20 ul of the reaction was loaded onto a 1% agarose gel; results are set forth in FIG. 3.
[0112] As is supported by the data of FIG. 3, of the 16 human tissues in the cDNA panel utilized (brain, colon, heart, kidney, lung, ovary, pancreas, placenta, prostate, skeleton, small intestine, spleen, testis, thymus leukocyte, and liver) a single hRUP3 band is evident only from the pancreas. Additional comparative analysis of the protein sequence of hRUP3 with other GPCRs suggest that hRUP3 is related to GPCRs having small molecule endogenous ligand such that it is predicted that the endogenous ligand for hRUP3 is a small molecule.
[0113] b. hRUP4
[0114] RT-PCR was performed using hRUP4 oligo's 8 and 4 as primers and the human multiple tissue cDNA panels (MTC, Clontech) as templates. Taq DNA polymerase (Stratagene) was used for the amplification in a 40 ul reaction by the following cycles: 94° C. for 30 seconds, 94° C. for 10 seconds, 55° C. for 30 seconds, 72° C. for 2 minutes, and 72° C. for 5 minutes with cycles 2 through 4 repeated 30 times.
[0115] 20 μl of the reaction were loaded on a 1% agarose gel to analyze the RT-PCR products, and hRUP4 mRNA was found expressed in many human tissues, with the strongest expression in heart and kidney. (see, FIG. 4). To confirm the authenticity of the PCR fragments, a 300 bp fragment derived from the 5′ end of hRUP4 was used as a probe for the Southern Blot analysis. The probe was labeled with 32P-dCTP using the Prime-It II™ Random Primer Labeling Kit (Stratagene) and purified using the ProbeQuant™ G-50 micro columns (Amersham). Hybridization was done overnight at 42° C. following a 12 hr pre-hybridization. The blot was finally washed at 65° C. with 0.1×SSC. The Southern blot did confirm the PCR fragments as hRUP4.
[0116] c. hRUP5
[0117] RT-PCR was performed using the following hRUP5 specific primers:
18|
5′-CTGACTTCTTGTTCCTGGCAGCAGCGG-3′;(SEQ.ID.NO.:
63; sense)
|
5′-AGACCAGCCAGGGCACGCTGAAGAGTG-3′;(SEQ.ID.NO.:
64; antisense)
[0118] and the human multiple tissue cDNA panels (MTC, Clontech) as templates. Taq DNA polymerase (Stratagene) was used for the amplification in a 40 ul reaction by the following cycles: 94° C. for 30 sec, 94° C. for 10 sec, 62° C. for 1.5 min, 72° C. for 5 min, and with cycles 2 through 3 repeated 30 times. 20 μl of the reaction were loaded on a 1.5% agarose gel to analyze the RT-PCR products, and hRUP5 mRNA was found expressed only in the peripheral blood leukocytes (data not shown).
[0119] d. hRUP6
[0120] RT-PCR was applied to confirm the expression and to determine the tissue distribution of hRUP6. Oligonucleotides used, based on an alignment of AC005871 and GPR66 segments, had the following sequences:
19|
5′-CCAACACCAGCATCCATGGCATCAAG-3′;(SEQ.ID.NO.:
73; sense),
|
5′-GGAGAGTCAGCTCTGAAAGAATTCAGG-3′;(SEQ.ID.NO.:
74; antisense)
[0121] and the human multiple tissue cDNA panels (MTC, Clontech) were used as templates. PCR was performed using TaqPlus Precision™ polymerase (Stratagene; manufacturing instructions will be followed) in a 40 ul reaction by the following cycles: 94° C. for 30 sec; 94° C. 5 sec; 66° C. for 40 sec, 72° C. for 2.5 min, and 72° C. for 7 min. Cycles 2 through 4 were repeated 30 times.
[0122] 20 ul of the reaction were loaded on a 1.2% agarose gel to analyze the RT-PCR products, and a specific 760 bp DNA fragment representing hRUP6 was expressed predominantly in the thymus and with less expression in the heart, kidney, lung, prostate small intestine and testis. (see, FIG. 5).
[0123] References, including but limited to patent applications, that are cited throughout this patent document, unless otherwise indicated, are incorporated herein by reference. Modifications and extension of the disclosed inventions that are within the purview of the skilled artisan are encompassed within the above disclosure and the claims that follow.
[0124] Although a variety of Vectors are available to those in the art, for purposes of utilization for both endogenous and non-endogenous human GPCRs, it is most preferred that the Vector utilized be pCMV. This vector was deposited with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) on Oct. 13, 1998 (10801 University Blvd., Manassas, Va. 20110-2209 USA) under the provisions of the Budapest Treaty for the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purpose of Patent Procedure. The DNA was tested by the ATCC and determined to be. The ATCC has assigned the following deposit number to pCMV: ATCC #203351.
Claims
- 1. A method for identifying one or more candidate compounds as modulators of a G protein-coupled receptor comprising an endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide, wherein said endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide is encoded by a nucleotide sequence, said nucleotide sequence being obtainable by performing nucleic acid hybridization, under stringent conditions, on a sample of human DNA library using specific probe EST clone 68530, comprising the steps of:
(a) contacting said one or more compounds with a host cell or with membrane of a host cell that expresses said receptor; and (b) measuring the ability of the compound or compounds to inhibit or stimulate functionality of said receptor.
- 2. The method of claim 1 wherein said host cell comprises an expression vector, said expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a G protein-coupled receptor comprising an endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide, wherein said endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide is encoded by a nucleotide sequence, said nucleotide sequence being obtainable by performing nucleic acid hybridization, under stringent conditions, on a sample of human DNA library using specific probe EST clone 68530.
- 3. A method for identifying one or more candidate compounds as modulators of a G protein-coupled receptor consisting of an endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide, wherein said endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide is encoded by a nucleotide sequence, said nucleotide sequence being obtainable by performing nucleic acid hybridization, under stringent conditions, on a sample of human DNA library using specific probe EST clone 68530, comprising the steps of:
(c) contacting said one or more compounds with a host cell or with membrane of a host cell that expresses said receptor; and (d) measuring the ability of the compound or compounds to inhibit or stimulate functionality of said receptor.
- 4. The method of claim 3 wherein said host cell comprises an expression vector, said expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a G protein-coupled receptor consisting of an endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide, wherein said endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide is encoded by a nucleotide sequence, said nucleotide sequence being obtainable by performing nucleic acid hybridization, under stringent conditions, on a sample of human DNA library using specific probe EST clone 68530.
- 5. A method for identifying one or more candidate compounds as modulators of a G protein-coupled receptor comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:20, comprising the steps of:
(a) contacting said one or more compounds with a host cell or with membrane of a host cell that expresses said receptor; and (b) measuring the ability of the compound or compounds to inhibit or stimulate functionality of said receptor.
- 6. The method of claim 5 wherein said host cell comprises an expression vector, said expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a G protein-coupled receptor, said receptor comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:20.
- 7. A method for identifying one or more candidate compounds as modulators of a G protein-coupled receptor consisting of the polypeptide of SEQ.ID.NO.:20, comprising the steps of:
(a) contacting said one or more compounds with a host cell or with membrane of a host cell that expresses said receptor; and (b) measuring the ability of the compound or compounds to inhibit or stimulate functionality of said receptor.
- 8. The method of claim 7 wherein said host cell comprises an expression vector, said expression vector comprising a polynucelotide encoding a G protein-coupled receptor, said receptor consisting of the polypeptide of SEQ.ID.NO.:20.
- 9. A method for identifying one or more candidate compounds as modulators of a G protein-coupled receptor comprising an endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide, wherein said endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide is encoded by a nucleotide sequence, said nucleotide sequence being obtainable by performing nucleic acid hybridization, under stringent conditions, on a sample of human DNA library using specific probe EST clone 68530, and wherein the amino acid at amino acid position 285 of said endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide is substituted with another amino acid, comprising the steps of:
(a) contacting said one or more compounds with a host cell or with membrane of a host cell that expresses said receptor; and (b) measuring the ability of the compound or compounds to inhibit or stimulate functionality of said receptor.
- 10. The method of claim 9 wherein said host cell comprises an expression vector, said expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a G protein-coupled receptor comprising an endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide, wherein said endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide is encoded by a nucleotide sequence, said nucleotide sequence being obtainable by performing nucleic acid hybridization, under stringent conditions, on a sample of human DNA library using specific probe EST clone 68530, and wherein the amino acid at amino acid position 285 of said endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide is substituted with another amino acid.
- 11. A method for identifying one or more candidate compounds as modulators of a G protein-coupled receptor consisting of an endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide, wherein said endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide is encoded by a nucleotide sequence, said nucleotide sequence being obtainable by performing nucleic acid hybridization, under stringent conditions, on a sample of human DNA library using specific probe EST clone 68530, and wherein the amino acid at amino acid position 285 of said endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide is substituted with another amino acid, comprising the steps of:
(a) contacting said one or more compounds with a host cell or with membrane of a host cell that expresses said receptor; and (b) measuring the ability of the compound or compounds to inhibit or stimulate functionality of said receptor.
- 12. The method of claim 11 wherein said host cell comprises an expression vector, said expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a G protein-coupled receptor consisting of an endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide, wherein said endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide is encoded by a nucleotide sequence, said nucleotide sequence being obtainable by performing nucleic acid hybridization, under stringent conditions, on a sample of human DNA library using specific probe EST clone 68530, and wherein the amino acid at amino acid position 285 of said endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide is substituted with another amino acid.
- 13. A method of claim 9 wherein the amino acid at amino acid position 285 of said endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide is glycine and wherein the glycine at said amino acid position 285 is substituted with an amino acid other than glycine.
- 14. The method of claim 13 wherein said amino acid other than glycine is lysine.
- 15. The method of claim 13 wherein said host cell comprises an expression vector, said expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a G protein-coupled receptor comprising an endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide, wherein said endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide is encoded by a nucleotide sequence, said nucleotide sequence being obtainable by performing nucleic acid hybridization, under stringent conditions, on a sample of human DNA library using specific probe EST clone 68530, wherein the amino acid at amino acid position 285 of said endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide is glycine and wherein the glycine at said amino acid position 285 is substituted with an amino acid other than glycine.
- 16. The method of claim 15 wherein said amino acid other than glycine is lysine.
- 17. A method of claim 11 wherein the amino acid at amino acid position 285 of said endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide is glycine and wherein the glycine at said amino acid position 285 is substituted with an amino acid other than glycine.
- 18. The method of claim 17 wherein said amino acid other than glycine is lysine.
- 19. The method of claim 17 wherein said host cell comprises an expression vector, said expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a G protein-coupled receptor consisting of an endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide, wherein said endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide is encoded by a nucleotide sequence, said nucleotide sequence being obtainable by performing nucleic acid hybridization, under stringent conditions, on a sample of human DNA library using specific probe EST clone 68530, wherein the amino acid at amino acid position 285 of said endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide is glycine and wherein the glycine at said amino acid position 285 is substituted with an amino acid other than glycine.
- 20. The method of claim 19 wherein said amino acid other than glycine is lysine.
- 21. A method for identifying one or more candidate compounds as modulators of a G protein-coupled receptor comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:20, wherein the glycine at amino acid position 285 of SEQ ID NO:20 is substituted with an amino acid other than glycine, comprising the steps of:
(a) contacting said one or more compounds with a host cell or with membrane of a host cell that expresses said receptor; and (b) measuring the ability of the compound or compounds to inhibit or stimulate functionality of said receptor.
- 22. The method of claim 21 wherein the glycine at amino acid position 285 is substituted with lysine.
- 23. The method of claim 21 wherein said host cell comprises an expression vector, said expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a G protein-coupled receptor comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:20, wherein the glycine at amino acid position 285 of SEQ ID NO:20 is substituted with an amino acid other than glycine.
- 24. A method for identifying one or more candidate compounds as modulators of a G protein-coupled receptor consisting of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:20, wherein the glycine at amino acid position 285 of SEQ ID NO:20 is substituted with an amino acid other than glycine, comprising the steps of:
(a) contacting said one or more compounds with a host cell or with membrane of a host cell that expresses said receptor; and (b) measuring the ability of the compound or compounds to inhibit or stimulate functionality of said receptor.
- 25. The method of claim 24 wherein the glycine at amino acid position 285 is substituted with lysine.
- 26. The method of claim 24 wherein said host cell comprises an expression vector, said expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a G protein-coupled receptor consisting of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:20, wherein the glycine at amino acid position 285 of SEQ ID NO:20 is substituted with an amino acid other than glycine.
- 27. A method of modulating the functionality of a G protein-coupled receptor comprising an endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide, wherein said endogenous human ARE-2 polypeptide is encoded by a nucleotide sequence, said nucleotide sequence being obtainable by performing nucleic acid hybridization on a sample of human genomic DNA using specific probe EST clone 68530, comprising the step of contacting the receptor with a modulator of the receptor.
Provisional Applications (21)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
|
60121852 |
Feb 1999 |
US |
|
60109213 |
Nov 1998 |
US |
|
60120416 |
Feb 1999 |
US |
|
60123946 |
Mar 1999 |
US |
|
60123949 |
Mar 1999 |
US |
|
60136436 |
May 1999 |
US |
|
60136439 |
May 1999 |
US |
|
60136567 |
May 1999 |
US |
|
60137127 |
May 1999 |
US |
|
60137131 |
May 1999 |
US |
|
60141448 |
Jun 1999 |
US |
|
60136437 |
May 1999 |
US |
|
60156653 |
Sep 1999 |
US |
|
60156333 |
Sep 1999 |
US |
|
60156555 |
Sep 1999 |
US |
|
60156634 |
Sep 1999 |
US |
|
60157280 |
Oct 1999 |
US |
|
60157294 |
Oct 1999 |
US |
|
60157281 |
Oct 1999 |
US |
|
60157293 |
Oct 1999 |
US |
|
60157282 |
Oct 1999 |
US |
Divisions (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
09417044 |
Oct 1999 |
US |
Child |
09875076 |
Jun 2001 |
US |
Continuations (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
09875076 |
Jun 2001 |
US |
Child |
10782596 |
Feb 2004 |
US |