Patent Application
20170276265
The present application claims priority from German Application Number 10 2016 105 342.2, filed Mar. 22, 2016, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a pipe system and, more specifically, to oil country tubular good (OCTG) pipe system, and a method manufacturing a unipartite and materially integral seamless OCTG pipe.
2. Description of the Related Art
The term “oil country tubular goods” and “OCTG” are used in this application to include pipe or tubular member associated with drilling, producing or servicing oil wells, natural gas wells, geothermal wells or any other subsurface wellbore. A wide variety of tubular members and oil country tubular goods (OCTG) may be releasably engaged with each other by threaded connections formed in accordance with teachings of the present invention.
The OCTG pipes are divided into drilling pipes, casing pipes and conduit pipes. The drilling pipes are used for transmitting the rotational movement to the drill and conveying a drilling fluid. The drilling pipes are subjected to a high torque.
The casing pipes are used to support the borehole. They are subject to axial stresses owing to internal pressure of a fluid conducted through and an external pressure of the externally situated rock layers.
The conduit pipes are used to transport the oil or gas, which are transmitted in fluid or gaseous form.
OCTG pipes usually have a length of up to 12 m, and are generally standardized to 9m.
For connecting the OCTG pipes, there are various standardized connection types in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Spec 5 CT. There are three API connections: external-upset tubing, non-upset tubing, and integral-joint tubing. Aside from these API connections, numerous manufacturer-specific connections of two OCTG pipes also exist.
Many connection types have in common the fact that a relatively large outer diameter is formed in the region of the connection, in particular because of a sleeve. The sleeves are generally screwed. A thread cut into the outer shell surface of a pipe end results in weakening of the strength of the pipe. To compensate for this, it is known from the prior art for the pipe ends to be upset, resulting in an increase in the wall thickness. The external thread may then be cut into the region with increased wall thickness. However, this results in the production process, in additional costs for the upsetting process, and a further enlargement of the outer diameter.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an oil and country tubular goods (OCTG) pipe system and a method for producing an OCTG pipe which overcomes the disadvantages known from the prior art.
The OCTG pipe system according to the present invention has at least one OCTG pipe which has a pipe body with at least one connection end, formed in unipartite and materially integral fashion, for coupling to a further OCTG pipe, and the OCTG pipe is formed in seamless fashion from a hardenable steel alloy.
The connection end of the OCTG pipe system has a yield strength higher than the yield strength of the pipe body. The yield strength is the offset yield strength Rp 0.2 and will hereinafter also be described as strength.
The OCTG pipe system also preferably comprises a connection of two OCTG pipes, and in particular a pipe sleeve. The pipe sleeve has an equal or higher yield strength in relation to the connection end of the OCTG pipe. It is possible for the upsetting process on the pipe end on a conventional OCTG pipe to be omitted, or less intense upsetting is required. At the same time, however, adequate or increased strength is realized in the connection region of two OCTG pipes.
A yield strength of the connection end of between 600 MPa and 1300 MPa, and in particular between 900 MPa and 1200 Mpa is set. The yield strength of the pipe body preferably lies between 500 MPa and 900 MPa, and more specifically between 600 MPa and 800 MPa.
The pipe is composed of a hardenable steel alloy, is homogeneously warmed to a hardening temperature, and is quench hardened. During subsequent annealing after the hardening treatment, targeted setting of the strength is realized. This annealing treatment is in part performed with different parameters, wherein the entire pipe is annealed, which is also described as complete annealing. However, every length section of the hardened pipe does not have to be annealed at the same time and/or with the same intensity. The higher strength in the pipe ends is achieved by virtue of the intensity of the annealing of the pipe end being reduced in relation to the pipe body. The annealing is performed in the region of the pipe end for a shorter period of time and/or with a reduced introduction of heat, such that the strength set as a result of the hardening process is reduced only slightly. The pipe body itself is annealed with relatively high intensity, such that here, a considerably greater reduction in strength, in particular in yield strength, in relation to the pipe end, but at the same time a desired setting of the ductility are achieved.
It is also conceivable for the pipe first to be completely hardened, and for the pipe to subsequently be completely annealed homogeneously. Then, in a further annealing step, the pipe body is annealed once again such that the pipe body becomes softer in relation to the pipe ends as a result of the second annealing step.
Between the connection end and the pipe body a transition section is formed which extends with a length of between 10 mm and 300 mm, preferably with a length of between 50 mm to 200 mm, and more specifically of less than 180 mm, in the longitudinal direction of the OCTG pipe. The connection end itself extends with a length of 200 mm to 500 mm in the longitudinal direction of the pipe, a thread on the connection end extending with a length of up to 300 mm, preferably up to 100 mm, and more specifically up to 75 mm, in the longitudinal direction, in particular proceeding from the free end.
In the transition section, the yield strength decreases from the connection end to the pipe body with a gradient of greater than 10%. This means that the strength of the pipe end is at least 10% greater than the strength of the pipe body. The gradient is preferably greater than 15%, in particular greater than 20%.
The connection end may have an outer diameter which is smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the pipe body. Thus, the cutting-in of an external thread can lead to a slight decrease in outer diameter. The weakening as a result of the material being removed in the region of the connection end is however compensated by the relatively high strength of the connection end. Alternatively or in addition, it may be provided that, in the connection end, at least in length sections, a wall thickness is formed which is smaller than or equal to the wall thickness of the pipe body. Hence, the wall thickness can be decreased as a result of the cutting-in of an external thread. The presence of less material in the wall is in turn compensated by the relatively high strength in the region of the connection end.
It would also be conceivable for the connection end to have a greater wall thickness and/or a greater outer diameter than the pipe body. This may be realized by means of upsetting of the pipe at the connection end to be formed. In relation to the known prior art OCTG pipes, however, only relatively little upsetting is necessary. This leads to material and weight savings and also to a relatively small outer diameter in the connection region of two OCTG pipes in relation to connections known from the prior art. As a result of the relatively low intensity of the annealing of the pipe end, no additional expenditure of energy is necessary for the relatively large wall thickness, known from the prior art, of the upset pipe end to be reduced in strength to a strength equal to that of the pipe body.
A further part of the OCTG pipe system according to the invention is a pipe connection sleeve which is formed from a hardenable steel alloy and which likewise has a yield strength of between 800 MPa and 1300 MPa, in particular between 900 MPa and 1200 MPa. The pipe connection sleeve according to the invention may thus also have a smaller outer diameter and/or a smaller wall thickness in relation to pipe connection sleeves known from the prior art. The pipe connection sleeve preferably has an internal thread.
The OCTG pipe system, in particular in the connection region of two OCTG pipes, has a relatively small outer diameter and/or relatively high stability, because at least the load capacity of the pipe body is achieved in the region of the pipe connections. Preferably, as a result of the relatively high strength, a higher load capacity is realized in the region of the connection than in the pipe body.
Moreover, in relation to the longitudinal direction, no sharp-edged transition section is formed between connection end and pipe body, with the transition rather being of flowing form. This is realized in particular owing to heat conduction in the pipe wall during the partial annealing after the homogeneous hardening.
The present invention also relates to a method for producing a unipartite and materially integral, seamless OCTG pipe having a pipe body and having at least one, preferably two unipartite and materially integral connection ends and composed of a hardenable steel alloy, which method comprising the steps:
In particular, the entire hardened pipe is annealed. The annealing may be performed such that the entire pipe is annealed at the same time. For example, the pipe is placed into a static annealing apparatus, and a targeted partial introduction of heat is performed. In particular, the annealing is performed by induction. In order that now, according to the invention, the connection ends at the pipe ends have after the annealing a higher yield strength than a pipe body arranged between the pipe ends, annealing is performed, in part, with mutually different energy density and/or introduction of heat and/or treatment time. For example, it is possible for multiple induction coils to be arranged in series. The respectively outer induction coils which are arranged in the region of the connection ends are consequently operated with relatively low energy, such that a relatively small amount of heat is induced.
To define the transition section between pipe body and connection end, it is possible for auxiliary heating means, for example, gas flames, lasers, high-energy beams, friction heat, heat of chemical reaction, or else plasma to be used. However, it is preferable for annealing to be performed by inductive means. The heat conduction that arises in the wall of the pipe between two differently annealed length sections makes it possible to realize a correspondingly flowing transition of the strength in the material structure from the relatively hard connection end to the relatively soft pipe body.
Furthermore, it is preferable for the entire pipe to be caused to perform a relative movement in its longitudinal direction through an annealing apparatus. By means of the transportation speed and/or the heat energy that is introduced by the annealing apparatus in the respective length section of the pipe passing the annealing apparatus, it is thus possible for the yield strength to be set to the desired value. For example, when a connection end is guided through the annealing apparatus, a higher yield strength is set by means of a relatively low introduction of heat. When the pipe body passes the annealing apparatus, the introduced heat energy is increased, such that the yield strength is further reduced in the region of the pipe body. In this way, the OCTG pipe system, when used in an OCTG conveying area, is more flexible than OCTG pipes known from the prior art. This facilitates handling in particular during introduction into the borehole, and during conveying operation.
The present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
In the figures, the same reference designations are used for identical or similar components, even if a repeated description is omitted for reasons of simplicity.
The inner diameter Di is preferably configured to be uniform throughout. However, the inner diameter Di may be reduced in the region of the ends 3, in particular in the region of the external thread 6. This is realized in particular by way of an upsetting process (not illustrated in detail). Also, the outer diameter Da may be increased in the region of the connection end 4, in particular in the region of the external thread 6 (also not illustrated). Also, a transition section 8 between the connection end 4 and the pipe body 2 is illustrated.
The transition section 8 likewise extends with a length L8 in the longitudinal direction 5 of the OCTG pipe 1. The length L8 is preferably from 50 mm to 200 mm. The transition section 8 is not readily mechanically identifiable on the pipe 1. The material structure in the region of the connection end 4 has a greater hardness than the material structure of the pipe body 2. In the transition section 8, the material structure transitions from the hard connection end 4 to the relatively soft and ductile pipe body 2.
Alternatively and/or additionally, multiple induction coils 11, 11a may be arranged and actuated separately, such that, for example, one coil 11, 11a is utilized in permanent operation and thus gives rise to a uniform introduction of heat in the OCTG pipe 1 being heat-treated/annealed in each case. A further coil 11a may then introduce additional heat into the pipe 1 intermittently, in particular in the region of the pipe body 2, and thus lead to a more intense annealing effect.
The foregoing description of some embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of the invention. The specifically described embodiments explain the principles and practical applications to enable one ordinarily skilled in the art to utilize various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto, and their equivalents. Further, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made hereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as described by the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2016 105 342.2 | Mar 2016 | DE | national |
