The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for providing rewards or loyalty incentive programs to consumers, and more particularly to systems and methods for operating a loyalty incentive program using transaction cards to permit consumers to receive discounts without requiring a coupon to be redeemed.
Loyalty incentive or reward programs are used as a form of highly customizable and targeted marketing. A loyalty program provider will attract customers who sign-up for a loyalty program. Shopping benefits such as discounts are offered to the customers by the provider. The provider then markets to merchants that the provider can bring customers to the merchant. For example, a loyalty program provider may approach a merchant, such as the clothing retailer GAP® Inc., with an offer to bring customers to the GAP® in exchange for a fee. The provider would then send a solicitation (via email or regular mail) to its customers offering, for example, a 10% discount coupon that may be redeemed at the GAP® on a particular day. The success of the solicitation can be assessed based on the number of coupons redeemed.
In such a loyalty solicitation, the merchant would pay the loyalty program provider a percentage of the sales (e.g., 10%) that result from the solicitation. The merchant benefits from the increased sales. The loyalty program provider benefits from the commission that it receives, and the customers benefit from the received discount.
There are several areas that could be improved in such traditional loyalty programs. For example, such traditional programs suffer from leakage. Leakage occurs when the merchant does not fully report sales resulting from the solicitation. Leakage results in loss revenues for the loyalty program provider. Further, administration of coupon redemption by a merchant is costly and requires training. What is needed is a system and method improving upon traditional loyalty programs.
The present invention meets the above-identified needs by providing a system and method for providing customers with loyalty incentives.
One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for providing loyalty incentives to a card member customer, the method having the following steps: a record of charge is received for a purchase made with a participating merchant by a card member customer; the record of charge is used to determine whether the purchase by the card member customer qualifies for a rebate credit in accordance with a discount offer from the participating merchant; and if the purchase qualifies for the rebate credit, then the rebate credit is provided to an account of the card member customer.
In another embodiment, a method for operating a loyalty incentive program includes the following steps: a list of participating merchants is received; a list of participating card members is received; a record of charge corresponding to a purchase by a card member customer is received from a merchant, and upon receipt, an account of the card member customer is debited by the amount of the charge, a merchant identification contained in the record of charge is compared with the list of participating merchants, and a card member identification contained in the record of charge is compared with the list of participating card members. If the card member is a participating card member and the merchant is a participating merchant, then it is determined whether the record of charge qualifies for a rebate credit. If the record of charge qualifies for a rebate credit, then the rebate credit is provided to an account of the card member customer.
In another embodiment, a method includes the following steps: participation of a merchant in a loyalty incentive program is solicited; an offer from a participating merchant is received; enrollment of a card member customer to the loyalty incentive program is solicited; the offer is provided to an enrolled card member customer; information is received which relates to a purchase by the enrolled card member customer in accordance with the offer from the participating merchant; an amount of a discount in accordance with the offer is calculated; and the amount of the discount is provided to a transaction account provider so that an account of the enrolled card member customer is credited in the amount of the discount.
One embodiment of the present invention provides a system including an enrolled card member customer database having identification information of accounts associated with card member customers enrolled in the loyalty incentive program; an enrolled merchant database having identification information of merchants enrolled in the loyalty incentive program; a merchant offer database having identification information of discount offers provided by the merchants enrolled in the loyalty incentive program; and a registered card processor. The registered card processor receives a record of charge for a purchase made with an enrolled merchant by an enrolled card member customer and uses the record of charge to determine whether the purchase qualifies for a rebate credit in accordance with a discount offer from the enrolled merchant. If the purchase qualifies for a rebate credit, the registered card processor provides the rebate credit to an account of the enrolled card member customer.
An advantage of the present invention is that it may be used to provide coupon-less discounts on purchase made by card member customers. Another advantage is no leakage since an enrolled merchant does not have to process any coupons. In such a system, the merchant benefits from increased sales and elimination of the overhead required to manage a coupon program, the customer benefits from the coupon-less discount, and the loyalty program provider benefits from sales commissions and/or loyalty program fees paid by the merchant. In one embodiment, customers may also be charged a fee by the loyalty program provider for participation in the loyalty program. Further features and advantages of the present invention as well as the structure and operation of various embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description set forth below when taken in conjunction with the drawings in which like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements.
The present invention is directed to a system and method for providing loyalty incentives to a card member customer and operating a loyalty incentive program. The present invention is now described in more detail herein in terms of an exemplary embodiment. This is for convenience only and is not intended to limit the application of the present invention. While specific configurations and arrangements are discussed, it should be understood that this is done for illustrative purposes only. In fact, after reading the following description, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art(s) how to implement the following invention in alternative embodiments. A person skilled in the pertinent art will recognize that other configurations and arrangements can be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to a person skilled in the pertinent art that this invention can also be employed in a variety of other applications.
The terms “user,” “end user,” “consumer,” “customer,” “participant,” and/or the plural form of these terms are used interchangeably throughout herein to refer to those persons or entities capable of accessing, using, being affected by and/or benefiting from the tool that the present invention provides for the rewards program described herein. This includes both individual consumers and corporate customers such as, for example, small businesses.
Furthermore, the terms “service provider,” “business” or “merchant” may be used interchangeably with each other and shall mean any person, entity, distributor system, software and/or hardware that is a provider, broker and/or any other entity in the distribution chain of goods or services. For example, a service provider may be a retail store, a hotel company, an airline company, a travel agency, an on-line merchant or the like.
1. Transaction Accounts and Instrument
A “transaction account” as used herein refers to an account associated with an open account or a closed account system (as described below). The transaction account may exist in a physical or non-physical embodiment. For example, a transaction account may be distributed in non-physical embodiments such as an account number, frequent-flyer account, telephone calling account or the like. Furthermore, a physical embodiment of a transaction account may be distributed as a financial instrument. The term “transaction card” is used herein to be synonymous with the term “transaction account,” unless indicated otherwise.
A financial transaction instrument may be traditional plastic transaction cards, titanium-containing, or other metal-containing, transaction cards, clear and/or translucent transaction cards, foldable or otherwise unconventionally-sized transaction cards, radio-frequency enabled transaction cards, or other types of transaction cards, such as credit, charge, debit, pre-paid or stored-value cards, or any other like financial transaction instrument. A financial transaction instrument may also have electronic functionality provided by a network of electronic circuitry that is printed or otherwise incorporated onto or within the transaction instrument (and typically referred to as a “smart card”), or be a fob having a transponder and an RFID reader.
2. Open Versus Closed Cards
“Open cards” are financial transaction cards that are generally accepted at different merchants. Examples of open cards include the American Express®, Visa®, MasterCard® and Discover® cards, which may be used at many different retailers and other businesses. In contrast, “closed cards” are financial transaction cards that may be restricted to use in a particular store, a particular chain of stores or a collection of affiliated stores. One example of a closed card is a pre-paid gift card that may only be purchased at, and only be accepted at, a clothing retailer, such as the clothing retailer Gap®, Inc.
3. Stored Value Cards
Stored value cards are forms of transaction instruments associated with transaction accounts, wherein the stored value cards provide cash equivalent value that may be used within an existing payment/transaction infrastructure. Stored value cards are frequently referred to as gift, pre-paid or cash cards, in that money is deposited in the account associated with the card before use of the card is allowed. For example, if a customer deposits ten dollars of value into the account associated with the stored value card, the card may only be used for payments together totaling no more than ten dollars.
4. Use of Transaction Accounts
With regard to use of a transaction account, users may communicate with service providers in person (e.g., at the box office), telephonically, or electronically (e.g., from a user computer via the Internet). During the interaction, the service provider may offer goods and/or services to the user. The service provider may also offer the user the option of paying for the goods and/or services using any number of available transaction accounts. Furthermore, the transaction accounts may be used by the service provider as a form of identification of the user. The service provider may have a computing unit implemented in the form of a computer-server, although other implementations are possible.
In general, transaction accounts may be used for transactions between the user and service provider through any suitable communication means, such as, for example, a telephone network, intranet, the global, public Internet, a point of interaction device (e.g., a point of sale (POS) device, personal digital assistant (PDA), mobile telephone, kiosk, etc.), online communications, off-line communications, wireless communications, and/or the like.
5. Account and Merchant Numbers
An “account,” “account number” or “account code,” as used herein, may include any device, code, number, letter, symbol, digital certificate, smart chip, digital signal, analog signal, biometric or other identifier/indicia suitably configured to allow a consumer to access, interact with or communicate with a financial transaction system. The account number may optionally be located on or associated with any financial transaction instrument (e.g., rewards, charge, credit, debit, prepaid, telephone, embossed, smart, magnetic stripe, bar code, transponder or radio frequency card).
The account number may be distributed and stored in any form of plastic, electronic, magnetic, radio frequency (RF), wireless, audio and/or optical device capable of transmitting or downloading data from itself to a second device. A customer account number may be, for example, a sixteen-digit credit card number. Each credit card issuer has its own numbering system, such as the fifteen-digit numbering system used by American Express Company of New York, N.Y. Each issuer's credit card numbers comply with that company's standardized format such that an issuer using a sixteen-digit format will generally use four spaced sets of numbers in the form of:
The first five to seven digits are reserved for processing purposes and identify the issuing institution, card type, etc. In this example, the last (sixteenth) digit is typically used as a sum check for the sixteen-digit number. The intermediary eight-to-ten digits are used to uniquely identify the customer, card holder or card member.
A merchant account number may be, for example, any number or alpha-numeric characters that identifies a particular merchant for purposes of card acceptance, account reconciliation, reporting and the like.
6. RFID and Transmission of Magnetic Stripe Data
It should be noted that the transfer of information in accordance with the present invention may be done in a format recognizable by a merchant system or account issuer. In that regard, by way of example, the information may be transmitted from an RFID device to an RFID reader, or from the RFID reader to the merchant system in magnetic stripe or multi-track magnetic stripe format.
Because of the proliferation of devices using magnetic stripe format, the standards for coding information in magnetic stripe format were standardized by the International Organization for Standardization in ISO/IEC 7811-n (characteristics for identification cards) which are incorporated herein by reference. The ISO/IEC 7811 standards specify the conditions for conformance, physical characteristics for the card (warpage and surface distortions) and the magnetic stripe area (location, height and surface profile, roughness, adhesion, wear and resistance to chemicals), the signal amplitude performance characteristics of the magnetic stripe, the encoding specification including technique (MFM), angle of recording, bit density, flux transition spacing variation and signal amplitude, the data structure including track format, use of error correction techniques, user data capacity for ID-1, ID-2 and ID-3 size cards, and decoding techniques, and the location of encoded tracks.
Typically, magnetic stripe information is formatted in three tracks. Certain industry information must be maintained on certain portions of the tracks, while other portions of the tracks may have open data fields. The contents of each track and the formatting of the information provided to each track is controlled by the ISO/IEC 7811 standard. For example, the information must typically be encoded in binary. Track 1 is usually encoded with user information (i.e., name) in alphanumeric format. Track 2 is typically comprised of discretionary and nondiscretionary data fields. In one example, the nondiscretionary field may comprise 19 characters and the discretionary field may comprise 13 characters. Track 3 is typically reserved for financial transactions and includes enciphered versions of the user's personal identification number, country code, current units amount authorized per cycle, subsidiary accounts, and restrictions.
As such, where information is provided in accordance with the present invention, it may be provided in magnetic stripe track format. For example, the counter values, authentication tags and encrypted identifiers may be forwarded encoded in all or a portion of a data stream representing data encoded in, for example, track 2 or track 3 format.
Persons skilled in the relevant arts will understand the breadth of the terms used herein and that the exemplary descriptions provided are not intended to be limiting of the generally understood meanings attributed to the foregoing terms.
It is noted that references in the specification to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “an example embodiment”, etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it would be within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
The invention is now described with reference to the figures. Referring first to
TAP can collaborate with a loyalty program provider to produce the reward or incentive program. While, as used herein, “loyalty program provider” (LPP) refers to an external, third-party provider of marketing packages that may be provided to CMs in accordance with the present invention, TAP may internally administer loyalty programs, such as restaurant or travel marketing program. Therefore, to distinguish from programs provided by an LPP, TAPS internal loyalty programs will be referred to herein as a “TAP marketing program” or simply a “TAP program.” In the figures, the service mark “TailorMade” is used to refer to an example loyalty program offered by an LPP. Accordingly, although embodiments of the present invention will be described herein in the environment of such collaboration between a TAP and an LPP, one of skill in the pertinent art(s) will recognize that a registered card program can be implemented with or without a loyalty program provider or other types of providers without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
As shown in
As shown in
The CM may be provided the option to enroll more than one card and link each second and additional card to a primary enrolled card, which is illustrated in
In the embodiment of
For marketing programs administered by TAP, registered card engine 138 may include its own calculation of discount 432 for purchases made by registered CMs with merchants participating in TAP's marketing program. Further, LPP 460 may be responsible for calculation of discount 462 for purchases made at merchants participating in marketing programs administered by LPP 460. A merchant may be a participating merchant for a plurality of externally administered and/or internally administered marketing programs. Therefore, these offer and merchant databases may include a field identifying each offer and merchant to one or more marketing programs, as further described below with reference to
Another input to RCE 138 are merchant ROCs 436, which may be compiled as a daily transaction file and stored in transaction database 136 (shown in
A problem to be overcome in implementing a loyalty incentive program as described herein is how to deal with returns. For example, assume a card member makes a purchase for $100 and receives a 10% discount (also called a rebate or incentive) on his or her account. If the card member then returns the purchased goods to the merchant, it is desirable to be able to ascertain whether the purchase involved an incentive so that a return credit can be made in the appropriate amount. The present invention solves this problem and provides a mechanism for dealing with returns. In the embodiment of
RCE 138 has the capability to convert the discount amount to an equivalent of membership reward points which may be redeemable in accordance with membership rewards program. Typically, a membership rewards program offers goods or travel packages in exchange for membership reward points. Moreover, the discount amount may be a combination of a monetary credit and an equivalent of reward points. To implement such conversions, as well as to support service fee calculation, etc. RCE 138 may include a configuration table 434. Configuration table 434 may include fields for each marketing program and corresponding information for converting the calculated discount (i.e., the rebate credit) between a monetary credit and/or an equivalence in membership rewards points (shown as “CM (%, $, Pts)”). Further, since a discount offer may be represented in units of monetary amount off or percent off a purchase price, or in terms of membership rewards points, then for internally calculated discounts 432, RCE uses configuration table 434 to match program, merchant, and conversion terms (shown as “SE (%, $)”) to convert the offer terms to the desired units for discount calculation. Configuration table 434 may also have a field for TAP's service fees for each program and participating merchants, and service fees may be in units such percent of purchase or monetary amount (shown as “TAP (%, $)”). Further, since a merchant may be submitting the same offer for more than one marketing program, configuration table includes a “priority” field that is used to identify repeated offers and ensure that the CM receives only a single rebate credit on a purchase that is eligible to receive a discount pursuant to multiple marketing programs.
The calculated discount (or discount reversal, if relating to a return) is provided to TAP settlement systems 470 for transactions on Prop registered cards, or to GNS settlement systems 480 for transactions on GNS registered cards. An AR system of TAP settlement systems 470 processes the discount amount and provides the rebate credit (as a monetary credit or an equivalence in reward points, or both) on CM's credit statement. If the rebate credit includes membership reward points, then information relating the rebate credit is also provided to membership rewards 472 for appropriate record keeping for that CM. AP systems of TAP settlement systems 470 processes the merchant debit in accordance with CM's rebate credit, as well as any service fee charged by TAP for providing the services described herein. Further detail regarding processing of matched transactions via TAP settlement systems is described below with reference to
RCE 138 may further have the capability to provide TAP with reporting 490, which may include a marketing analysis or monitoring of the success of various marketing programs and information relating to card member participation therein. Reporting 490 thereby permits TAP to target CMs and deliver merchant offers that are desirable to its registered CMs and/or merchants.
Cancellations 440 of registered accounts by enrolled CMs are communicated to loyalty program provider 460 as well as to enrollment 120 so as to maintain enrollee database 134 with up-to-date enrolled CM information. Cancellations 440 may arise, for example, from a CM reporting a lost or stolen card or a CM requesting TAP to deregister one or more of its registered cards from the registered card program. It is an advantage of the invention that enrollee database 134 may be provided with timely and consistent updates to reflect lost and stolen cards. Cancellations 440 may also include deregistration of a CM from one or more particular marketing programs administered by TAP or LPP 460.
Further description will now be provided with respect to solicitation 110 and enrollment 120. As noted above with reference to
Solicitation 110 may further include a pre-solicitation process prior to sending a solicitation email to a targeted CM. The pre-solicitation process may involve determining which CMs should be targeted and which offer clusters and particular marketing programs the CM may be eligible to participate in pursuant to the registered card program. Accordingly, TAP may collaborate with LPP 460 to identify appropriate CMs for email solicitation based on TAP's data on a CM's spending preferences and the LPP's clusters of merchant offers. These identified, targeted CMs may then reviewed so as to exclude solicitation of any targeted CMs having opted out of receiving direct marketing materials from TAP or LPP 460. TAP then provides LPP 460 with a marketing list of targeted CMs and associated identifying information (such as salutation, name, gender, and zip code). The marketing list may further be provided to LPP 460 with a given effective period during which solicitation emails may be sent, since the list should be updated periodically to exclude CMs from the list that have since opted out of receiving marketing materials. Upon receipt of the marketing list from TAP, loyalty program provider sends out email invitations to the targeted CMs.
Enrollment 120 may provide an option to the CM to participate in the registered card program as a preferred enrollee. For example, during enrollment a card member may choose to be eligible for “premium” offers in exchange for paying an enrollment fee. Alternatively, the CM may wish to forego payment of any enrollment fee and be eligible for “everyday” offers. Preferred (i.e., premium) customers may also be eligible for everyday offers. TAP's registered card program may therefore offer tiers of offer packages corresponding to the “premium” and “everyday” tiers of enrolled card members. Accordingly, RCE 138, during transaction matching, may consider whether an enrolled CM is registered as a premium card member or an everyday card member so as to identify CM purchases that qualify for a premium offer and/or an everyday offer.
An embodiment of the present invention in which TAP collaborates with loyalty program provider 460 will now be described in greater detail with reference to
Merchant offer database 452 may include an offer ID, a corresponding merchant ID, a start and end date for the particular offer, a description, and whether the offer is a premium offer, as described above. Since TAP and LPP may each administer marketing programs, and since there may be multiple loyalty program providers, merchant offer database 452 may also include a field identifying each TAP or LPP marketing program to which the offer belongs.
In this embodiment, output file 444 includes CM's RC # as a substitute for the CM's actual transaction account number. Output file 444 is provided to LPP for discount calculation, and the level of security associated with LPP's network may prohibit allowing LPP using the actual account number as a means to identify the transaction for discount calculation. However, it should be understood that for internally calculated discounts 432 (described in
Once TAP identifies credit ROCs from participating merchants, TAP may compare them to transaction debits stored in transaction database 136 (see
At step 670, CM information in enrollee database 134 is used to match registered CMs with ROCs extracted in step 660, and each matched transactions is provided with a transaction ID. In step 680, output file 444 is created of transactions matched in step 670. At step 690, output file 444 is provided to loyalty program provider for discount/discount reversal calculation.
As shown in
Methodologies unique to processing of card member returns by means of a return logic policy in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention are now described with reference to
If in line 1 there is no exact matched transaction identified with the return, then, in line 2, the first transaction in the past 60 days which is greater than the amount of the return is identified with the return. As shown in line 2, transaction “6” for $5000 is the first matched transaction having an amount greater than the return. Since transaction “6” was not discounted, then no action is taken with regard to debiting CM. If CM claims that the return is part of transaction “5” and “2”, then a debit from the CM's account is made in the amount of the rebate credits (15% and 15%) for those transactions. If there is no transaction matched in lines 1 or 2, then in line 3, if the sum of the return is equal or smaller than the sum of all transactions in the past 60 days, then it is assumed that the return refers to TM transactions up to $1000, and a debit to CM's account is provided in accordance with the discounts on TM transactions 2 and 5.
The present invention or any part(s) or function(s) thereof may be implemented using hardware, software or a combination thereof and may be implemented in one or more computer systems or other processing systems. However, the manipulations performed by the present invention were often referred to in terms, such as matching or selecting, which are commonly associated with mental operations performed by a human operator. No such capability of a human operator is necessary, or desirable in most cases, in any of the operations described herein which form part of the present invention. Rather, the operations may be machine operations. Useful machines for performing the operation of the present invention include general purpose digital computers or similar devices.
In fact, in one embodiment, the invention is directed toward one or more computer systems capable of carrying out the functionality described herein. An example of a computer system 1300 is shown in
The computer system 1300 includes one or more processors, such as processor 1304. The processor 1304 is connected to a communication infrastructure 1306 (e.g., a communications bus, cross-over bar, or network). Various software embodiments are described in terms of this exemplary computer system. After reading this description, it will become apparent to a person skilled in the relevant art(s) how to implement the invention using other computer systems and/or architectures.
Computer system 1300 can include a display interface 1302 that forwards graphics, text, and other data from the communication infrastructure 1306 (or from a frame buffer not shown) for display on the display unit 1330.
Computer system 1300 also includes a main memory 1308, preferably random access memory (RAM), and may also include a secondary memory 1310. The secondary memory 1310 may include, for example, a hard disk drive 1312 and/or a removable storage drive 1314, representing a floppy disk drive, a magnetic tape drive, an optical disk drive, etc. The removable storage drive 1314 reads from and/or writes to a removable storage unit 1318 in a well known manner. Removable storage unit 1318 represents a floppy disk, magnetic tape, optical disk, etc. which is read by and written to by removable storage drive 1314. As will be appreciated, the removable storage unit 1318 includes a computer usable storage medium having stored therein computer software and/or data.
In alternative embodiments, secondary memory 1310 may include other similar devices for allowing computer programs or other instructions to be loaded into computer system 1300. Such devices may include, for example, a removable storage unit 1318 and an interface 1320. Examples of such may include a program cartridge and cartridge interface (such as that found in video game devices), a removable memory chip (such as an erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), or programmable read only memory (PROM)) and associated socket, and other removable storage units 1318 and interfaces 1320, which allow software and data to be transferred from the removable storage unit 1318 to computer system 1300.
Computer system 1300 may also include a communications interface 1324. Communications interface 1324 allows software and data to be transferred between computer system 1300 and external devices. Examples of communications interface 1324 may include a modem, a network interface (such as an Ethernet card), a communications port, a Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) slot and card, etc. Software and data transferred via communications interface 1324 are in the form of signals 1328 which may be electronic, electromagnetic, optical or other signals capable of being received by communications interface 1324. These signals 1328 are provided to communications interface 1324 via a communications path (e.g., channel) 1326. This channel 1326 carries signals 1328 and may be implemented using wire or cable, fiber optics, a telephone line, a cellular link, a radio frequency (RF) link and other communications channels.
In this document, the terms “computer program medium” and “computer usable medium” are used to generally refer to media such as removable storage drive 1314 and a hard disk installed in hard disk drive 1312. These computer program products provide software to computer system 1300. The invention is directed to such computer program products.
Computer programs (also referred to as computer control logic) are stored in main memory 1308 and/or secondary memory 1310. Computer programs may also be received via communications interface 1324. Such computer programs, when executed, enable the computer system 1300 to perform the features of the present invention, as discussed herein. In particular, the computer programs, when executed, enable the processor 1304 to perform the features of the present invention. Accordingly, such computer programs represent controllers of the computer system 1300.
In an embodiment where the invention is implemented using software, the software may be stored in a computer program product and loaded into computer system 1300 using removable storage drive 1314, hard drive 1312 or communications interface 1324. The control logic (software), when executed by the processor 1304, causes the processor 1304 to perform the functions of the invention as described herein.
In another embodiment, the invention is implemented primarily in hardware using, for example, hardware components such as application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Implementation of the hardware state machine so as to perform the functions described herein will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s).
In yet another embodiment, the invention is implemented using a combination of both hardware and software.
While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example, and not limitation. It will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s) that various changes in form and detail can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, the present invention should not be limited by any of the above described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.
In addition, it should be understood that the figures and screen shots illustrated in the attachments, which highlight the functionality and advantages of the present invention, are presented for example purposes only. The architecture of the present invention is sufficiently flexible and configurable, such that it may be utilized (and navigated) in ways other than that shown in the accompanying figures.
This application is a continuation of application U.S. Ser. No. 15/495,428, filed Apr. 24, 2017, which is a continuation of application U.S. Ser. No. 15/216,264, filed Jul. 21, 2016 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,453,088 on Oct. 22, 2019 and U.S. Ser. No. 13/467,503, filed May 9, 2012 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,665,879 on May 30, 2017, which are continuations of application U.S. Ser. No. 11/779,734 filed on Jul. 18, 2007 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,430,773 on Aug. 30, 2016, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Appl. No. 60/831,457, filed Jul. 18, 2006. All of the above are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
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