1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a system for dispensing fluids. In particular, the present invention relates to a fluid dispensing system wherein a support structure holds bulk fluid that is transferred to an enclosed chamber in a dispensing base from which chamber the fluid is dispensed. After dispensing air pressure in the enclosed chamber is equalized with the air pressure acting on the bulk fluid.
2. Description of Related Art
Conventional domestic fluid dispensers used primarily for providing heated or cooled water are usually free standing devices which dispense sterilized or mineral water from large rigid water bottles. The rigid water bottles have a large body portion and a narrow neck portion having a mouth opening, and are coupled to the water dispenser by inverting the bottle and positioning the mouth of the bottle in the chamber of the water dispenser. Air, introduced into the water bottle through the mouth, allows water to be dispensed from the inverted bottle until the water level in the chamber reaches the mouth of the bottle. Since the water bottle is rigid, once the water level in the chamber reaches the mouth of the bottle no more air can enter the bottle, so water remaining in the inverted bottle is retained in the bottle due to the difference between the air pressure external to the inverted bottle and the air pressure inside the bottle. Water is then dispensed from the chamber through a conduit attached to a valve at the opposite end from the chamber. When the level of water in the chamber falls below the mouth of the water bottle, air enters the water bottle, allowing water to flow from the bottle until the water level in the chamber again reaches the mouth of the bottle.
Although conventional domestic water dispensers are widely used, they are deficient in a number of respects. First water bottles used in the conventional domestic water dispenser usually contain a large quantity of sterilized water, typically on the order of about 5 gallons. Due to the weight and size of a bottle holding that amount of water, it is often difficult to invert and properly locate the mouth of the bottle in the chamber without spilling a quantity of the water.
Second, to prevent water from continuously flowing from the water bottle while the water bottle is inverted, the water bottles used with such water dispensers are fabricated from a thick, rigid, plastic material that can hold a vacuum without collapsing. Due to their cost, the water bottles are usually resterilized and reused after an initial use. As a result, the cost of shipping the empty water bottle back to the supplier for sterilization and reuse are adsorbed by the consumer through increased water costs.
Third, in order for the mouth of the water bottle to be positioned in the chamber of the cooler, the water bottles must have a neck, as described above. The presence of the neck, however, increases the difficulty in sterilizing the water bottles, since the neck may limit the ability of the sterilizing agents to reach all the interior parts of the bottle, even when large quantities of sterilizing agents are used. While the use of heat sterilization may overcome this problem to some extent, it is generally not possible to use heat sterilization on plastic bottles. Although, sterilization using ultraviolet light is possible, ultraviolet light sterilization may lead to an incomplete result. Particularly troublesome, once the bottle is inverted into the fluid dispenser, the outside of the neck of the bottle contacts the fluid, and it is very difficult to maintain this area of the bottle sterile.
Fourth, with the necessity of sterilizing the water bottles after each use, over time the rigid plastic water bottles may develop cracks or holes. If such failures occur while the water bottle is inverted in the water dispenser, air will enter the water bottle and allow water to flow uncontrollably from the mouth of the water bottle, allowing the chamber to eventually over flow. This water over flow can expose the purchaser's premises to the risk of water damage.
One solution to the problem of potential chamber overflow, and the necessity to make bottles of rigid materials to allow for the pressure differential described above, is to add a valve in the flow path between the bottle and the chamber. Such a valve allows the flow of water out of the bottle to be closed off so that the chamber does not overflow, thus eliminating the necessity of a rigid bottle and eliminating. Such a valve can operate automatically, opening and closing depending on the level of the fluid in the chamber.
Aided by the use of valves in the path between the bottle and the chamber, a more recent development in fluid dispensing systems has been to utilize bags rather than bottles to transport and dispense water from an otherwise conventional fluid dispensing system (“office cooler”). Such a system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,398,073 ('073) to Nicole, for example, which is incorporated herein by reference. The '073 patent offers a device that dispenses fluid from a disposable or recyclable bag, and thereby affords some of the benefits associated therewith. As described in the '073 patent, however, to overcome the problem of over flowing the chamber since a collapsible bag cannot hold a reduced pressure headspace (as a rigid bottle does), the device described therein requires a valve to control flow between the bag and the chamber.
An embodiment of the '073 fluid dispensing system uses fluid contained in a bag to fill a chamber from which fluid can be dispensed, and preferably uses a ballcock valve to control the flow of water from the bag into the chamber. The carrier is disposed on top of a water cooler housing and, together with a fluid filled bag positioned therein, is designed to be used as a replacement for the conventional, inverted, rigid, plastic water bottle. A spike is provided in the carrier for puncturing the bag after the bag is positioned therein. The spike includes an internal fluid passage that extends through the carrier to allow the fluid to flow from the bag, through a conduit, and into the chamber. The conduit includes the flow control valve, which allows fluid to flow from the bag into the chamber under the force of gravity when the level of fluid in the chamber drops below a desired level, and terminates the fluid flow from the bag when the level of fluid in the chamber reaches the desired level. After fluid is dispensed from the chamber through an access tap, fluid from the bag will refill the chamber to the desired level, as controlled by the valve.
In light of the prior art and the problems thereof, the fluid dispensing system described herein comprises a support that is preferably used for supporting a collapsible bag containing fluid, the support being designed to be positioned adjacent to a fluid dispensing base. A spike connected to either the support or the dispensing base projects in a direction to enable the spike to puncture a bag containing fluid supported by the support. A fluid passage is provided in the spike to allow fluid to pass from the bag into an enclosed chamber in the dispensing base. The enclosed chamber is connected to the ambient space external to the bag only through a vent channel. In operation, once the bag is spiked, fluid flows from the bag into the chamber until the fluid level in the chamber rises to the level of the vent channel opening and then rises further until the fluid level in the vent channel matches the level of the fluid in the bag. After water is dispensed from the chamber, the chamber is refilled with fluid from the bag. Fluid flow from the bag stops when fluid rises in the vent to a level that matches the level of fluid in the bag, or when the bag is empty. When the supply of water in the bag is exhausted, the bag can be removed from the support and replaced with another sealed bag of fluid.
In an embodiment a fluid dispensing system comprises a dispensing base; an enclosed chamber positioned interior to the base; a support external to the dispensing base, the support providing support for a bag containing fluid; a fluid passage allowing the fluid in the bag to flow into the enclosed chamber; a vent connecting the enclosed chamber to a space external to the enclosed chamber; and a dispensing valve connected to the enclosed chamber allowing for dispensing from the enclosed chamber. When the dispensing valve is closed, the fluid in the bag will flow through the fluid passage into the enclosed chamber and into the vent, until the fluid level in the vent is the same as the fluid level in the bag. The support may be fabricated from a plastic resin material. The fluid passage may further comprise a spike, which in an embodiment may be positioned in the support adjacent a point of local elevation minimum thereof. The spike may comprise a conical tip having at least one fluid inlet positioned on the tip, and may further comprise a shaft having at least one generally perpendicularly projecting wing flair. Such a wing flair generally connects to the shaft of the spike along a length of the circumference thereof that is less than the length of the entire circumference. The chamber may include a means for altering, such as reducing or elevating, the temperature of the fluid contained therein.
In an alternate embodiment, the fluid dispensing system further comprises a bag containing fluid supported by the support and essentially sealed about the spike, the spike having punctured a wall of the bag. The bag may be fabricated from a single-layer polyethylene sheet. A protective outer layer enclosing the bag may be removed from about the bag prior to the spike puncturing the bag.
In an alternate embodiment, the maximum volume rate of fluid flow through the vent into the chamber is limited to a value less than the maximum net volume rate of fluid flow out of the chamber through the dispensing valve taking into account the maximum volume rate of fluid flow through the fluid passage from the bag into the chamber, so that as fluid is dispensed out from the chamber through the valve at the maximum net volume rate of flow, the pressure in the chamber is reduced below the pressure external to the fluid dispensing system at the location of the end of the vent opposite from the end of the vent located in the chamber.
In a still further alternate embodiment a fluid dispensing system for dispensing fluid from a collapsible bag, comprises a support capable of supporting the collapsible bag during dispensing of fluid from the bag and having a supporting surface with a point that can be oriented as a local minimum in elevation, the supporting surface defining two spaces, a first space adjacent to a first side of the supporting surface, and a second space on a second side of the supporting surface, opposite the first side; a spike connected to the support projecting essentially from the point of local elevation minimum and projecting into the first space, the spike including a fluid inlet on the exterior surface of the spike, the fluid inlet being connected to a passage internal to the spike through which fluid can flow after passing through the inlet, the passage connecting the first space to the second space on the opposite side of the support surface; and a vent connecting the first space to the second space through which the fluid can pass; wherein when the fluid dispensing system is in use, the first space is sealed from the second space such that the first space and the second space are in fluid communication only through spike and vent connections. In an embodiment of such a system, the vent is dimensioned so that no portion of the fluid is entrained within the vent as a result of the surface tension of the fluid. In an embodiment of such a system, the spike projects into the collapsible bag in the first space providing access for the fluid in the bag to the second side of the support surface. In an embodiment of such a system, the second space, the spike, and the vent are dimensioned so that when the collapsible bag is punctured by the spike, any increase in pressure in the second space resulting therefrom is absorbed by compressible gasses in the second space and in the vent, and does not result in fluid being ejected from the vent into the first space.
Turning now to
In the embodiment shown in
In the embodiment shown in
In an embodiment, the combined weight of the fluid and the bag containing the fluid is sufficient to cause the spike to puncture the bag once a sealed bag 210 of fluid is placed on the support 206 and on the spike 216. In alternate embodiments, it may be necessary to exert an additional force on the bag 210 or the spike in order to enable the spike 216 to puncture the bag 210. In an example, such an additional force may be exerted on the bag 210 on a side of the bag 210 generally opposite the spike 216. In another example, a spike 206 that is movable relative to the cooler base 208 may be forced against the bag 210 by any of various mechanisms, including a spring compressed against the cooler base 208. In a preferred embodiment, the additional force is obtained by dropping the bag 210 onto the spike 216 from a height of about six inches. In various alternative embodiments the height from which the bag 210 is dropped onto the spike 216 may vary significantly, and may be as great as several feet.
The bag 210 and spike 216 are preferably constructed so that the bag 210 will seal about the spike 216 after the bag 210 is punctured. Such a seal may be dependent upon the materials and dimensions of both of the bag 210 and the spike 216. The preferred materials and dimensions for producing such a seal is described in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/926,604, titled Portable Water Cooler for use with Bagged Fluids and Bagged Fluids for use Therewith, filed on Aug. 25, 2004, which application is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
In a preferred embodiment, the bag 210 comprises a sealed, flexible bag 210 as illustrated in
In a preferred embodiment, the interaction of the bag 210 and the spike 216 is such that after the bag 210 is pierced, the opening in the bag 210 seals around the spike 216, thus preventing leakage of any significant amount of fluid from inside the bag 210 onto the support 206. Sealing of the bag 210 about the spike 216 is accomplished when the shaft 608 is sized and shaped so that as the wall of the bag 210 is deformed and broken by the tip 606 the integrity of the wall of the bag 210 remains intact around the entire circumference of the spike 216. Generally, the integrity of the bag 210 will remain intact up to the point of contact between the bag 210 and the spike 216, as well as for some length along the spike 216 in a direction generally perpendicular to the circumference thereof (e.g., a cuff). In an embodiment, the physical properties of the bag material (e.g., elasticity) promote the sealing of the bag 210 about the spike 216.
In an embodiment such as shown in
The exact size and shape of the cone and shaft useful for forming a seal for preventing or sufficiently hindering leaks depends on many factors, including the dimensions of the bag 210, the materials used in the bag's construction, and the type and amount of fluid contained therein, among others. While other sets of parameters also may work well, a set of spike and bag parameters that is particularly well suited to use in an embodiment includes the following: a bag preferably made from a single sheet of polyethylene having a sheet thickness in the range of 1 to 10 mil, preferably from about 3 to about 4 mil, the bag preferably being rectangular in shape and having planar dimensions in the range of about 12-16 inches by about 14-18 inches, most preferably about 14.6 by about 16.6 inches, the bag filled with about 2.4 to about 3 gallons of fluid, preferably with about 2.7 gallons, and sealed with no more than about 100-500 milliliters of air, preferably no more than about 300 milliliters, and a spike having a smooth but unpolished outer surface, having an outer diameter and height no less than about 0.37 inch, preferably having a height and outer diameter in the range of about 0.5-0.7 inch, the spike topped by a blade that is preferably a right circular cone having an angle of expansion in the range of about 30-60 degrees, and more preferably about 35-45 degrees. The angle of expansion as used herein being the angle between two lines lying along the outer surface of the cone and passing through the vertex of the cone, the two lines being opposite sides of an isosceles triangle the base of which is a diameter of the circular base of the cone. Given a spike 216 and bag 210 as just described, the puncturing and subsequent sealing of the bag by the spike 216 is easily accomplished by dropping the bag 210 onto the spike 216 from a height of about six inches.
Generally, for a conical tip 606 as described above, the cuff of a single sheet polyethylene bag will have a length (height) that is fairly constant around the circumference of the shaft 608, and that is about equal to the radius (half the diameter) of the cylindrical shaft 608, since the blade is symmetrical. For a spike 216 with a conical tip 606 and cylindrical shaft 608 and a 3 to 4 mil single sheet polyethylene bag, a cuff of less than about one-quarter inch does not seal as well as do larger cuffs. In this regard, bags (301) made of laminate constructions generally do not seal as well as non-laminate constructions because of the likelihood of unsymmetrical cuffs, and in particular, the possibility of crack propagation along a length generally perpendicular to the spike 216, which may compromise the integrity of the wall of the bag 210 a distance away from the spike 216 and allow leakage.
Shown in
As shown in
As will be further discussed below, fluid is dispensed from the bag 210 by first positioning the bag 210 on the support 206 and having the spike 216 puncture the bag 210. To prevent fluid loss between the bag 210 onto the supporting surface of the support 114 after the bag 210 is punctured, the bag 210 preferably seals about the spike 216. The spike 216, the preferred embodiment of which is shown in
Upon the puncturing of a sealed bag 210 by the spike 216, the fluid path out of the chamber 202 through the spike 216 has become sealed relative to the ambient environment external to the cooler base 208. That is, after the puncturing of the bag 210, the only connection between the external environment and the chamber 202 is through the vent 218. The vent 218 then becomes the only passage through which to equalize the pressure between the chamber 202 and the external environment. Thus, if fluid flow into or out of the chamber 202 through the vent is appreciably slower than fluid flow into or out of the chamber 202 through either of the spike 216 or the tap 220, a pressure differential can develop between the chamber 202 and the external environment as fluid enters the chamber 202 from the bag 210 or exists the chamber 202 through the tap 220. In the embodiment shown in
After the bag 210 is punctured by the spike 216, the force of gravity pulls fluid through the spike 216 and into the chamber 202, and, assuming the tap 220 remains closed, some air is displaced from the chamber 202. The displaced air preferably travels out of the chamber 202 through the vent 218, since the exit path through the vent 218 presents less resistance to air travel than does a path through the spike 216 and into the bag 210. As fluid continues to flow from the bag 210 into the chamber 202, the level of fluid contained in the chamber 202 continues to rise, and air continues to be displaced through the vent 218, until the fluid level in the chamber 202 reaches the inlet to the vent 218. Once the fluid level in the chamber 202 reaches the inlet to the vent 218, no more air can be displaced out of the chamber 202. Thus, if the pressure in the chamber 202 is less than the pressure external to the bag 210, as fluid continues to flow into the chamber 202, the pressure in the chamber 202 begins to rise. Fluid flows into the chamber 202 and the pressure in the chamber 202 rises until the point where the pressure in the chamber 202 equals the ambient pressure external to the bag 210. Fluid from the bag 210 will flow into the chamber 202, and fluid from the chamber 202 will be pushed up into the vent 218, only until the fluid height in the vent 218 equals the height of the fluid in the bag 210. At this point, flow from the bag 210 into the chamber 202 will stop.
Now with fluid in the chamber 202, the same fluid can be dispensed through the tap 220. When the tap 220 is opened to allow fluid to be dispensed from the chamber 202, the water level in the chamber 202 decreases, until eventually the fluid level in the chamber 202 is lower than the inlet of the vent 218. During dispensing, the pressure in the chamber 202 is reduced from the value at equilibrium (no flow), thus allowing fluid to begin again to flow from the bag 210 into the chamber 202. So long as the volume fluid flow through the spike 216 is less than the volume fluid flow through the tap, the fluid level in the chamber 202 continues to decrease as the fluid continues to be dispensed. As well, so long as the pressure in the chamber 202 is less than the pressure external to the bag 210, fluid in the vent 218 will be forced back into the chamber 202, until, at some point, all the fluid from the vent 218 will have been forced back into the chamber 202, and air from external to the cooler base 208 will begin to flow into the chamber 202 through the vent 218. Air flow into the chamber 202 through the vent 218 will continue until the pressure in the chamber is equal to the ambient pressure external to the bag 210. So long as the volume rate of flow out of the tap 220 (i.e., out of the chamber 202) is greater than the combined volume rate of flow into the chamber 202 through the spike 216 and the vent 218, the pressure in the chamber 202 will continue to decrease.
When the tap 220 is finally closed, the reduced pressure in the chamber 202 will add to the total force working to move fluid from the bag 210 into the chamber 202. Not only will gravity be pulling the fluid through the spike 216, but also pressure external to the bag 210 will be pushing the fluid through the spike 216 into the chamber 202. Such a chamber 202 in which pressure is reduced during dispensing is beneficial to the evacuation of fluid from the bag 210 to the greatest extent, since, in effect, the reduced pressure in the chamber 202 results in a greater net force working to push fluid out of the bag 210. As stated above, these forces will work to move fluid from the bag 210 into the chamber 202 (at the same time atmospheric pressure is pushing air into the chamber 202 through the vent 218) until all forces are equilibrated, wherein the fluid will have risen in the vent 218 to a height equal to the height of the fluid in the bag 210.
The bottom of the vent extension 502 is preferably higher in the chamber than is the bottom of the spike extension 506. Generally, the lower the height of the inlet to the vent 218 (i.e., the bottom of the vent extension 502) relative to the bottom of the chamber 202, there is less time for the pressure in the chamber 202 to equilibrate with ambient pressure external to the bag 210 prior to the water level in the chamber 202 reaching the inlet to the vent 218. If the volume fluid flow into the chamber 202 through the spike is greater than the combined volume fluid flow out of the chamber 202 through both the tap 220 and the vent 218, there will be an increase in pressure in the chamber 202, which can increase above the pressure external to the bag 210. An increase in pressure is more likely to happen with a longer vent extension 502, since there is less time for the pressure to equilibrate before the fluid level in the chamber 202 reaches the bottom of the vent extension 502. If the pressure in the chamber 202 is greater than the ambient pressure external to the bag 210 when the water level in the chamber 202 reaches the inlet to the vent 218, the fluid in the vent 218 is likely to be pushed up into the vent 218 to a level above the level of the fluid in the bag 210 and, then, may erupt from the top of the vent 218, which is an undesirable event.
In a preferred embodiment the the dimensions of the components of the fluid dispensing system 200, particularly those of the chamber 202, the fluid passage 604 of the spike 216 and spike extension 506, and the vent 218 and vent extension 502, are such that while a pressure reduced below the pressure external to the bag 210 may form in the chamber 202 during dispensing, no increase in pressure above the pressure external to the bag 210 will form while the chamber 202 is being refilled from the bag 210.
Additionally, in a preferred embodiment, the dimensions of the components of the fluid dispensing system 200, particularly those of the chamber 202, the fluid passage 604 of the spike 216 and spike extension 506, and the vent 218 and vent extension 502, are such that there is no piston action that shoots water out of the top of the vent 218 upon the puncturing of the bag 210 with the spike 216. In a case where a new bag 210 full of fluid is punctured by the spike 216, it is possible that there will be a transient increase in pressure in the chamber 202, especially if the bag 210 is dropped onto the spike 216, as in the preferred embodiment discussed above. In the event there is such a transient pressure increase in the chamber 202, it is preferable that the vent channel 218 not have retained fluid, such as may occur when the vent channel is small enough that the fluid surface tension is sufficient to maintain fluid in the vent 218. Additionally, it is preferable that sufficient air remains in the vent channel between any retained fluid and the top of the vent 218 or the filter 310, since this air can act as a cushion to absorb the shock of any transient pressure increase, thereby preventing fluid from being pushed out the top of the vent.
As is known to one of ordinary skill in the art, the chamber 202 may be heated or cooled through the use of various methods, and a dispensing system 200 may even comprise more than one chamber 202, in which case, for example, a first chamber 202 can be cooled and a second chamber 202 heated to provide both cooled and heated fluid from the same fluid dispensing system 200.
A fluid dispenser of the present invention can be fabricated new, or portions thereof can be manufactured to retrofit other existing portions thereof in order to construct a complete embodiment of the present invention. Particularly, a support 206 can be manufactured to fit with an existing cooler base 208 having a chamber 202. Where a support 206 is manufactured to retrofit an existing cooler base 208, the design of the support 206 may take account of and incorporate the use of various components of the existing cooler base 208, or other components of an existing dispensing system attached thereto, such as, for example, any portions designed to isolate the chamber 202 from external environmental influences.
As noted above, since an important function of the support 206 with respect to the bag 210 is merely to support the bag 210 while fluid is being drained from the bag 210, the support 206 may adopt various shapes suitable for accomplishing this function without departing from the scope of the invention.
While the invention has been disclosed in connection with certain preferred embodiments, the elements, connections, and dimensions of the preferred embodiments should not be understood as limitations on all embodiments. Modifications and variations of the described embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and other embodiments should be understood to be encompassed in the present disclosure as would be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Applications Nos. 60/502,723, filed Sep. 12, 2003, and 60/545,155, filed Feb. 17, 2004, the entire disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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60502723 | Sep 2003 | US | |
60545155 | Feb 2004 | US |