Patent Grant
7166221
This invention has been created without the sponsorship or funding of any federally sponsored research or development program.
This invention related generally to bioremediation of hydrocarbon and organic pollution in fresh and salt water, especially in vessel bilges.
Numerous systems and methods have been developed to achieve bioremediation of hydrocarbon and organic pollution in fresh and salt water, especially in vessel bilges.
All of the above systems have drawbacks and limitations. In some cases, the limitations relate to the degree of bioremediation that can be accomplished with a specific system or piece of equipment. In other cases, the limitations relate to the kinds of pollution that can be effectively bioremediated within a specific system or piece of equipment.
These and other difficulties experienced with the prior art systems have been obviated in a novel manner by the present invention.
It is, therefore, an outstanding object of the present invention to provide apparatus and methods that increase the ability and effectiveness of a piece of equipment or system to bioremediate a polluted situation.
Another object of this invention is to provide apparatus and methods that reduce the equipment space required to effectively bioremediate a polluted situation.
A further object of the present invention is to provide apparatus and methods that increase the range of kinds and physical properties of liquid streams that a piece of equipment or system can effectively bioremediate a polluted situation.
It is another object of the invention is to provide apparatus and methods that can retrofit existing equipment or systems to increase the ability and effectiveness of the equipment or system to bioremediate a polluted situation.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a bioremediation system which is capable of being manufactured of high quality and at a low cost, and which is capable of providing a long and useful life with a minimum of maintenance.
With these and other objects in view, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the invention resides in the combination of parts set forth in the specification and covered by the claims appended hereto, it being understood that changes in the precise embodiment of the invention herein disclosed may be made within the scope of what is claimed without departing from the spirit of the invention.
This invention is a system and method for bioremediation of hydrocarbon and organic pollution in fresh and salt water. Hydrocarbon and organic pollution digesting microbes are placed in a floating carrier where the microorganisms are exposed to the pollution and the pollution is digested. The floating element may be a block of polymeric foam. The microbes may be supported on powder such as clay minerals, and the powder may be formed into pellets held in slits in the foam.
The character of the invention, however, may best be understood by reference to one of its structural forms, as illustrated by the accompanying drawings, in which:
Foam encapsulated tablet turns petroleum hydrocarbon base materials into water soluble fatty acids utilizing a one gram tablet of nonhazardous, nonpathogenic microbes housed in bentonite clay that is placed in a precut slit of 1½″ open cell cross linked polyethylene approximately 4″×6″ wide, affords the following results in the bilge area of commercial and consumer powerboats. Instead of a slit, the tablet or pellet may be held in any opening or bore that is shaped to hold the tablet securely in the foam.
The “opcell” foam gives the microbe tablet a protective lining against water in the bilge. There are approximately 5 billion microbes per gram of tablet. The foam also keeps the microbes floating on the surface of the bilge water. Otherwise, the microbes tend to sink to the bottom of the bilge, and away from the oil. The oil tends to float on the upper surface of the bilge water. Separation of the oil and microbes tends to reduce the effectiveness of the microbes, whereas the fact that the foam keeps the microbes and oil in contact, increases the effectiveness of the microbes in digesting the oil. When petroleum hydrocarbons become present in the bilge area, the opcell foam (made from a 100% oil based resin) has a molecular attraction to the oil or gas and draws it in to the center of the foam which then activates the microbes. The preferred foam is a cross-linked, open cell polyethylene foam which is capable of absorbing more than 32 times its weight in oil. The microbes double in number every 20 minutes under ideal condition to approximately 10 billion and immediately start attacking the hydrocarbons, turning then into water soluble fatty acids, which now is suitable fish food and may safely be pumped out of the boat in any body of water.
Once the microbes have finished digesting the targeted hydrocarbons, they will either die, return to former natural concentration levels, or be eaten by other organisms.
Referring to
In a typical situation, as shown schematically in
The microbe are any hydrocarbon digesting organisms. Preferably, they are a natural ubiquitous hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganism for use in removing hydrocarbons and organic materials from soils and fresh and salt water by natural oxidative pathways.
Preferably, the microbe is of the type sold by Microsorb Environmental Products, Inc. under the trademark MICROSORB®.
The purpose of this invention is to facilitate bioremediation, which refers to any method that uses microbes to recycle undesirable organic materials into acceptable products. Bioremediation takes place when the microbes are exposed to hydrocarbons and converts them into products such as carbon dioxide, water, and oxygen. Once activated, the microbes convert the hydrocarbons and odors-causing compounds, such as fish or sewage, into environmentally acceptable products such as carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, water-soluble fatty acids, and trace carbon.
This invention involves 1) the transformation of microbes from a powder into a compressed tablet or the formation of millions of oil-eating microbes into a tablet form. 2) The combination or combining of microbes either as a tablet, powder, or liquid with various other carriers to achieve bioremediation. 3) This invention is geared to improving the environment which is a great concern to all mankind.
It takes pollutants and turns them into environment-friendly byproducts, a benefit to mankind at no expense. This invention may be used in the bilge area of both commercial and recreational boats, in marinas, in holding tanks, in cooling tanks, in papermaking plants, in polluted areas corded off by floating booms, in kitchen grease traps, in water run-off catch basins, in sewer systems, in wetlands, in streams, in lakes and waters of the world—anywhere hydrocarbons are present and undesired. The carriers can take various forms, for example: a) an open-cell cross-linked polyethylene foam such as opcell or opflex, (one such preferred product is manufactured by Cellect Foam L.L.C.) which are hydroscopic and absorb up to 32 times their weight in oil and are oil derivatives, b) a closed-cell polyethelene, polypropelene, a moulded or expanded polystyrene, c) an open-cell polyurethane foam (reference: U.S. Pat. No. 5,264,134, McCaney who references open-cell sponge), d) any other appropriate carrier, or e) a boom material. The carrier can also be combined with other substrates such as fibers, polyesters, nylon, PVC, etc., for the purpose of absorbing, polishing, cleaning, deodorizing, scrubbing, protecting, filtering, buffing etc. The carrier with microbes may also be encased in an outer permeable container such as mesh or geotextile filter for various reasons, including ease of use and further protection for the carrier and possibly a substrate that attracts the hydrocarbons. Such substrates will be of a material that acts as a filter. The carrier with microbes may also be encapsulated into what is known in the industry as oil containment booms. The tablet or microbes to be in a container such as a poly bag which would be activated with a substance i.e. water, hydrocarbons, and that can itself be the floating material or floater or it can be attached to or encased in the floating material of floater.
In addition to placing microbes into the foam after the foam is foamed, one embodiment of the invention includes the process of mixing the microbes uniformly into the pre-foamed polymer. Then the polymer is foamed. In this way, the microbe is distributed more uniformly throughout the resulting floater.
Another embodiment of the invention would have a layer of foam glued to another layer of foam or a layer of fabric (as shown in
Frequently Asked Questions about MicroSorb(R), a hydrocarbon-digesting microbe system sold by Microsorb Environmental Products, Inc. of Norwell Mass.
Q: What is bioremediation?
A: This term refers to any method that uses microbes to recycle organic materials.
Q: What is MicroSorb(R)?
A: MicroSorb(R) is a special formula designed to optimize the recycling phenomena with the addition of oil-eating microbes. It contains naturally occurring microbes that convert the contaminant into non-toxic components, thereby eliminating the problem of disposal. These microbes are housed in an inert fine powder carrier which absorbs and locks in the contaminant during remediation. The naturally cultured microbes then consume and convert the contaminant.
Q: What exactly are “oil-eating microbes”?
A: They are microbes that have been collected from natural water and soil sources from around the world. They are selected for their particular affinity for consuming hydrocarbon-based products.
Q: Do the microbes need extra special treatment?
A: They only need what most forms of life need: oxygen, water, food (hydrocarbons) and an acceptable temperature (28 degrees F. to 140 degrees F.) and pH (5.50 to 10.00).
Q: What happens to the microbes after the oil or fuel has been consumed?
A: The microbes will either die, return to former natural concentration levels, or be eaten by other organisms.
Q: What are the final by-products?
A: Carbon dioxide, water, trace carbon, water-soluble fatty acids, and bacterial cells.
Q: How rapidly does it work?
A: The microbes begin working immediately, once activated by salt water or fresh water. Remediation times vary from several hours to several weeks depending on the type and concentration of the hydrocarbon. For example, light fuels floating on water will be gone within a few hours. Heavy crude oil in soil will require several months.
Q: Can this product be used wet or dry?
A: Yes, the product can be used in either a wet (slurry) or dry (powder) form.
Q: Is it safe?
A: Yes, MicroSorb(R) is 100% environmentally safe, non-toxic, and contains no pathogens.
Q: Does the product have any other benefits?
A: Yes. MicroSorb(R)'s ability to absorb and lock up spills almost immediately prevents further spread of the contaminant, and immediately lowers the flash point (volatility).
Q: Why does the product smell like oil?
A: The microbes in MicroSorb(R) are fed crude oil to ensure they will eat hydrocarbons when used or spills.
Q: Will these microbes begin consuming materials other than those which are intended?
A: No, they will not mutate and start converting any material other than the specific contaminant to which they have been applied.
Q: Are microbes dangerous to my health?
A: No, microbes are found everywhere in the environment, and are the original recyclers of organic materials. The average human adult carries approximately 3 lbs. of microbes on and in the body.
Q: Are humans or wildlife adversely affected by the use of this product?
A: No, the by-products produced by these microbes are used as an energy source by higher organisms. Intensive lab tests have shown no toxic side effects.
Q: What happens if I ingest or inhale the products?
A: It will taste like mud, could make you sneeze, but it is non-toxic and harmless.
It is obvious that minor changes may be made in the form and construction of the invention without departing from the material spirit thereof. It is not, however, desired to confine the invention to the exact form herein shown and described, but it is desired to include all such as properly come within the scope claimed.
The invention having been thus described, what is claimed as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/390,933 filed Jun. 24, 2002, all of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
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