Patent Application
20220331238
The present invention provides a novel pharmaceutical composition of mometasone or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivate thereof in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion, notably a cream. The composition has excellent stability and therapeutic effect.
The exceptionally poor solubility of mometasone furoate has delayed the development of efficacious, economic and cosmetically elegant topical formulation. The existing mometasone creams on the market today are all based on water-in-oil emulsions.
One of the most challenging tasks for formulators is to incorporate poorly water-soluble drugs into effective products. Improving the solubility of the lipophilic drugs is considered to improve the bioavailability of the product. Therefore, formulations where the active substance is in a dissolved state are generally preferred. Normally the active substance is in a solubilized form when permeating the skin. Therefore it is also generally considered as an advantage when the active substance is in a solubilized form in the topical formulation in order to obtain a suitable therapeutic response.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,808,610 (Schering Corp) and U.S. Pat. No. 7,312,207 (Taro Pharmaceuticals) relate to mometasone containing compositions for topical use, wherein the composition is in the form of a water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion.
WO 91/08733 (Schering Corp) relates to an oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion comprising a lipophilic active drug substance (e.g. mometasone). The examples show the necessity of using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in order to enhance the vasoconstrictor effect. In the examples propylene glycol is used in a concentration of 10% w/w.
WO 2008/126076 (Perrigo Israel Pharmaceuticals Ltd.) relates to a low-dose mometasone formulation. Exemplary formulations are creams containing 0.075% mometasone, a polyol, a gelling agent, an oily phase and water. A low-dose mometasone formulation is desired in order to reduce the toxicity of a mometasone formulation. It is believed that a formulation of WO 2008/126076 has a relatively low systemic steroid absorption. No in vivo studies are reported.
The present invention provides an oil-in-water emulsion (o/w) containing mometasone as an active drug substance. Moreover, the emulsion contains a C4 alkane-diol, wherein the two hydroxyl groups are linked to two different carbon atoms and wherein the C4 alkane may be a straight chain or branched. The C4 alkane-diol may be a butanediol (butylene glycol) such as 1,3-butane-diol. Preferred substance is butylene glycol.
As it appears from the examples herein, an o/w emulsion of the present invention provides a bioavailability and a therapeutic effect of mometasone that is comparable to the marketed w/o emulsion (Elocon® cream). As briefly discussed in the introduction, the general view has been that in order to achieve a suitable therapeutic response it is of utmost importance to have the active drug dissolved or solubilised in the composition. Considering the lipid nature of mometasone furoate it has thus, until now, been considered to have mometasone furoate dissolved in the formulation. However, as discussed below, the present inventors have found that it is not necessary to have all mometasone dissolved in an o/w emulsion in order to achieve a suitable therapeutic effect.
The present inventors have found that using mometasone (e.g. mometasone furoate) and a C4 alkane-diol (notably butylene glycol) in a relatively high concentration (from 15% to 45% w/w) enables the formulation of an o/w emulsion, wherein mometasone is at least partly dissolved in the formulation (as appears from the examples herein, mometasone furoate is partly dissolved in the formulation). Moreover, it seems to be possible to obtain an o/w emulsion with a similar therapeutic effect to that seen with Elocon® cream, i.e. the o/w emulsion only need to be applied once daily. To this end and as indicated by the results reported herein, a suitable weight ratio between alkane diol and water in the o/w emulsion seems to be important for the once daily administration. It seems as if a too large or a too low ratio will not result in the desired effect and/or the desired bioavailability. Another factor that seems to be of importance is the presence of mometasone (e.g. mometasone furoate) in micronised from. Normally, mometasone is not dissolved (or only partly dissolved) in a composition of the invention. The results reported herein indicates the importance of having undissolved mometasone in micronised from. Thus, in general, 100% of the mometasone particles has a particle size of at the most 20 μm, 99% has a particle size of at the most 15 μm, and 80% has a particle size of at the most 5 μm when measured by means of a laser scattering method. When determining the particle size by means of light microscopy (which is the method preferred, when the particle size is measured in the final composition), no particle of mometasone should exceed 40 μm. Most particles (more than 80% and visually evaluated in the microscope) have a size between 10 and 20 μm. Eventual particle growth over time in the composition should not result in any particles exceeding 50 μm, when measured with light microscopy. Other factors may also influence the results such as the nature of the other ingredients employed. However, the two most important factors in compositions of the present invention seem to be the weight ratio and particle size as discussed above.
For propylene glycol, a suitable weight ratio between propylene glycol and water is from about 1:1 to about 1:3. It is contemplated that a similar suitable weight ratio between butylene glycol and water is from about 1:1 to about 1:3. As illustrated in the examples, it is possible to obtain an emulsion with balanced content of mometasone (e.g. mometasone furoate). a C4 alkane-diol and water that is bioequivalent with the w/o Elocon® cream.
A composition of the invention contains two phases, an aqueous phase, which is the continuous phase and an oil phase, which is the dispersed phase that is homogeneously distributed in the continuous phase (i.e. as generally seen in o/w emulsions). Moreover, the active drug substance, mometasone (e.g. mometasone furoate), is partly dissolved and partly present in the form of fine particles, notably in micronized form.
More specifically, the present invention provides an oil-in-water emulsion comprising mometasone (M) or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof and a C4 alkane-diol, which, if relevant, may be linear or branched, and the concentration of the C4 alkane-diol is from 15 to about 45% w/w such as from 20% w/w to 45% w/w, from 15% w/w to 30% w/w or from 20% to 30% w/w. The use of butylene glycol in o/w emulsions of mometasone is illustrated in the Examples herein It is contemplated that other alkane-diols as well may be used in combination with butylene glycol. Propylene glycol and butylene glycol are normally regarded as relatively non-toxic substance with minimally irritant effect. Pentylene glycol and hexylene glycol have even lower irritative effects after topical administration and, accordingly, it is contemplated that such substances could be used in higher concentrations than propylene glycol and butylene glycol (i.e. from about 20% w/w to 50% w/w, notably from about 30% w/w to 45% w/w). If pentylene glycol or hexylene glycol is used in combination with butylene glycol the concentration of pentylene glycol or hexylene glycol is from about 1% w/w to about 20% w/w (notably from about 5% w/w to about 20% w/w).
As evident from the examples herein, incorporation of the C4 alkane-diol is very important in order to obtain the desired effect, and not only is it the incorporation of any amount of the C4 alkane-diol in the emulsion, but also the concentration of the C4 alkane-diol, either expressed as the concentration in the total emulsion, or, more specific, expressed as a ratio between the C4 alkane-diol and water. When an oil-in-water emulsion of the invention is applied to the skin, the water in the composition is subject to evaporation. Thus, not only the weight ratio between C4 alkane-diol and water in the composition may be important, but also the ratio between the C4 alkane-diol and mometasone or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof may have impact on the therapeutic result. One or more of these factors are contemplated to be decisive for whether an emulsion can be obtained with suitable properties with respect to therapeutic effect.
In the present context, the term “mometasone” includes mometasone or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof. Thus, the term includes mometasone as such as well as suitable ester derivatives such as esters with organic acid normally used in pharmaceutics including the furoate ester. Moreover, “mometasone or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof” includes any form such as anhydrous form, hydrate forms including the monohydrate, solvates other than hydrates etc., as well as amorphous, polymorph and crystalline forms thereof. In the present context, all calculation relating to “mometasone or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof” is based on mometasone furoate. Accordingly, if another derivative is employed, an equivalent amount of mometasone furoate must be calculated based on the molecular weights of the derivative and the mometasone furoate.
The concentration of mometasone (calculated as mometasone furoate) in an emulsion of the present invention may be from about 0.01% to 2% w/w, normally from 0.05% to 0.2% w/w, from 0.075% to 0.2% w/w such as about 0.1% w/w.
In an emulsion according to the invention, mometasone (mometasone furoate) is not fully dissolved. Accordingly, a part of mometasone or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof is present in undissolved form, typically from about 25 to about 35% w/w of the total amount of mometasone present in the emulsion. In order to improve the dispersibility of the undissolved mometasone as well as the absorption rate, mometasone should be employed in micronised form. As it appears from the examples herein, mometasone, e.g. mometasone furoate, should be employed in micronised form, wherein 100% has a particle size of at the most 20 μm, 99% has a particle size of at the most 15 μm, and 80% has a particle size of at most 5 μm (when determined by laser microscopy). It is contemplated that during the manufacturing process, as described herein, mometasone furoate may partly dissolve, but is not fully dissolved. This seems to be of importance in order to control the particle size in the final composition. If mometasone is fully dissolved during the manufacturing method, a risk will occur that the mometasone that precipitates in the composition has a too large particle size. Accordingly, it is envisaged that the mean particle size (and/or particle size distribution) of mometasone furoate employed is important in order to obtain reproducible therapeutic results.
The C4 alkane-diol is a butylene glycol. A specific example is butane-1,3-diol. It is envisaged that other diols in combination with butylene glycol also may be suitable for use in the present context provided that it is suitable and safe for topical use.
As mentioned above, the concentration of the C4 alkane-diol (abbreviated “alkane-diol” herein) in an emulsion of the invention is from about 15% to about 45% w/w. As discussed above, the concentration depends on the specific C4 alkane-diol used. In general, the concentration of the C4 alkane-diol, notably butylene glycol, is from about 20% to about 40% w/w such as from about 20% to about 30% w/w.
As mentioned above, the weight ratio between the alkane-diol and water seems to be very important in order to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. Moreover, the weight ratio between butylene glycol and mometasone (M) may also be a useful parameter to decide the amount of alkane-diol in an emulsion of the invention. In the following table calculations of suitable ranges of the ratio are given. As seen from the table, the lower limit is normally not less than 7.5, such as in a range of from 7.5 to 100 and the upper limit is normally 4500 or less such as in a range of from 600 to 4500. Normally, the ratio is 75 or more such as from 75 to 900 or from about 150 to about 450, and M is calculated as mometasone furoate. Specifically, the weight ratio between the alkane-diol and mometasone (M) is from 200 to 300, such as 200, 225, 250, 275 or 300, and M is calculated as mometasone furoate.
Generally, the weight ratio between butylene glycol and mometasone (M) is 75 or more such as, e.g. 100 or more or 150 or more, such as, e.g., from 75 to 900, from about 150 to about 500, and M is calculated as mometasone furoate.
Specifically, the weight ratio between butylene glycol and mometasone (M) is from 150 to 450, from 200 to 450, and M is calculated as mometasone furoate.
In particular, the weight ratio between butylene glycol and mometasone (M) is from 200 to 300, such as 200, 225, 250, 275 or 300, and M is calculated as mometasone furoate.
Moreover, the weight ratio between the alkane-diol, notably butylene glycol, and water is indicative of whether a suitable emulsion is obtained (with respect to therapeutic activity). Thus, the weight ratio (BG:W) is normally from 1:1 to about 1:3 such as from about 1:1.5 to about 1:2.5 or from 1:1.75 to 1:2.25. In the examples a suitable ratio is found to be about 1:2.0 or 1:2.1 when 25% alkane-diol is employed and from about 1:2.8 to 1:2.9 when 20% alkane-diol is employed. In those cases, where the alkane-diol is pentylene glycol or hexylene glycol, the concentration of such an alkane-diol in the composition is normally higher such as 30-45% w/w. In those cases, the ratio between the alkane-diol and water is from about 1:0.7 to about 1:1.5.
The above-mentioned paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis when a mixture of butylene glycol with one or more C3-C6 alkane-diols is employed (i.e. same concentration ranges, same weight ratio ranges etc.).
In the literature, combinations of steroids with other active ingredients are described. However, as is evident from the examples herein, the invention is directed to an oil-in-water emulsion, wherein mometasone or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof is the sole therapeutically active ingredient. Further active ingredients may be added provided that the bioavailability and therapeutic effect of mometasone are not negatively affected. Moreover, further active ingredients may not have any negative effect on the stability of the o/w emulsion.
As mentioned above, an emulsion is established by mixing an aqueous phase and an oil phase. In an oil-in-water emulsion, the oil is present in droplets homogeneously dispersed in the aqueous phase. In order to stabilize the emulsion against phase separation, surface active agents or emulsifying agents are added.
In an emulsion of the present invention, the oil phase comprises an oil selected from a group consisting of vegetable oils and fats, animal oils and fats, mineral oils, ester oils, silicon oils or waxes. Notably, the oil/fat is a vegetable oil/fat such as coconut oil, olive oil, sunflower oil and canola oil etc. Fats can be defined as bulk storage material produced by plants, animals and microorganisms that contain aliphatic moieties, such as fatty acid derivatives. These are mainly, but not entirely, mixtures of triglycerols (triglycerides) and are known as oils or fats depending on whether they are liquid or solid at room temperature. In the present context, the term “oil” also includes “fat” and oil/fat may also be produced synthetically or semi-synthetically.
The concentration of the oil/fat in the emulsion is from about 3 to about 30% w/w, notably from about 5 to about 15% w/w.
As mentioned above, stabilization of an oil-in-water emulsion according to the invention may suitably be carried out by adding one or more emulsifying agents. An emulsion of the present invention may therefore comprise one or more emulsifying agents. As seen from the examples herein use of three emulsifying agents having a HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) in the range 3-20, one with a high HLB, i.e. a HLB of, from about 11-20 and two with a low HLB, i.e. a HLB of, from about 3-11, gives the desired result with respect to stability without compromising the therapeutic effect.
Suitable emulsifying agents for use in a composition of the invention may be selected from the group consisting of glycerol alkyl esters, macrogol alkyl esters, polyoxyethyleneglycol alkyl esters, fatty acids, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, galactolipids.
Specific emulsifying agents for use in a composition of the invention are glycerol monostearate 40-55, macrogol stearate, and stearic acid.
The concentration of each emulsifier when present in an emulsion according to the present invention ranges from 1-5% w/w.
Moreover, an oil-in-water emulsion according to the invention may comprise a viscosity-increasing agent. Viscosity-increasing agents suitable for use in an emulsion may be selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohols (concentration range 5-15% of total emulsion).
As seen from the examples herein, a suitable viscosity-increasing agent is cetostearyl alcohol.
In general, the concentration of the viscosity-increasing agent in the form of a fatty alcohol ranges from 5% to 15% w/w.
An emulsion of the invention is intended for topical use, i.e. as a cream to apply on the skin. Accordingly, pH may be adjusted to a skin-friendly value taking into consideration stability issues relating to mometasone. A suitable pH is below 6 such as from about 3 to about 6 or from about 4.0 to about 5.0. pH may be adjusted by use of one or more pH adjusting agent, which is selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, citrate buffer, phosphate buffer, phthalate buffers, acetate buffers, succinate buffers. In order to arrive at a pH of about 4.0-5.0, a citrate buffer has proved to be suitable.
Moreover, an emulsion of the present invention may contain one or more fragrances. Addition of a preservative agent is normally not required as the C4 alkane-diol itself has antimicrobial effect when the C4 alkane-diol is added in a sufficient concentration.
More specifically, the invention relates to an oil-in-water emulsion having one of the following compositions:
athe concentration of the viscosity-increasing agent, if present, depends on the nature of the agent, cf. the text above
Further examples are:
An oil-in-water emulsion according to the invention containing:
0.05-0.2% w/w of mometasone or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof (calculated as mometasone furoate)
15-45% w/w of butylene glycol,
3-30% w/w of a vegetable oil/fat,
1-15% w/w of one or more emulsifying agents,
optionally 0.1-1% w/w of a pH adjusting agent,
optionally 5-15% w/w of a viscosity increasing agent,
up to 100% w/w of water.
An oil-in-water emulsion according to the invention containing:
0.06-0.15% w/w of mometasone or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof (calculated as mometasone furoate)
20-40% w/w of butylene glycol,
5-15% w/w of a vegetable oil/fat,
1-10% w/w of one or more emulsifying agents,
0.1-1% w/w of a pH adjusting agent to adjust pH of the emulsion to about 4-6,
optionally 5-15% w/w of a viscosity increasing agent,
up to 100% w/w of water.
An oil-in-water emulsion according to the invention containing:
0.1% w/w of mometasone or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof (calculated as mometasone furoate)
from 20 to 30% w/w of butylene glycol,
from 5 to 10% w/w of a vegetable oil/fat,
from 5-10% w/w of one or more emulsifying agents,
0.1-1% w/w of a pH adjusting agent to adjust pH of the emulsion to about 4-6,
5-10% w/w of a viscosity increasing agent,
up to 100% w/w of water.
Notably, an oil-in-water emulsion according to the invention does not contain N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing of an oil-in-water emulsion of the invention. The procedure is detailed described in Example 1 and a person skilled in the art will understand that the individual ingredients mentioned can be replaced by the ingredients mentioned in Table 1 below having the same functionality and in the concentration ranges mentioned. More specifically, the method comprises
i) preparing the oil phase by mixing the ingredients that make up the oil phase and heating to a temperature of from 60° C. to 80° C., notably from 65° C. to 75° C. such as about 70° C.,
ii) preparing the aqueous phase by a) preparing a dispersion of mometasone or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof such as mometasone furoate in part of the aqueous phase, b) preparing the remaining part of the aqueous phase by dissolving the ingredients, optionally by heating to 55° C. to 75° C., notably from 60° C. to 70° C. such as about 65° C., and c) addition of the dispersion resulting from a) to the remaining part of the aqueous phase resulting from b) to obtain the aqueous phase,
iii) transferring the oil phase i) to the aqueous phase ii) or optionally ii) to i)
iv) mixing until an emulsion is obtained,
v) optionally, subjecting the thus obtained emulsion to vacuum conditions,
vi) optionally, homogenizing the emulsion optionally under vacuum conditions,
vii) optionally, addition of one or more fragrance agents,
viii) cooling the thus obtained emulsion.
The ingredients, included in the oil phase i) above, are typically an oil as described herein and all the ingredients that are soluble in the oil phase (apart from mometasone). Such ingredients may be one or more emulsifying agents, one or more viscosity-increasing agents, one or more preservatives, if present, optionally one or more fragrance agents or the like. The ingredients included in the aqueous phase is—apart from mometasone—water and ingredients that are soluble in water such as e.g. one or more C3-C6 alkane-diols, one or more pH regulating agents, if present, one or more water-soluble viscosity-increasing agents, if present, one or more preservatives, if present, optionally one or more fragrance agents, or the like.
The invention is further illustrated in the following Figures and Examples without limiting the invention thereto.
Complete Composition
The complete composition of the 0.1% mometasone furoate oil-in-water cream is given in table 1.
indicates data missing or illegible when filed
Description of Manufacturing Process
Mometasone furoate is dispersed in a small portion of an alkane diol notably propylene glycol or butylene glycol and water mixture. The remaining parts of alkane diol notably propylene glycol or butylene glycol and water are mixed and heated to about 65° C. together with sodium citrate and citric acid. Thereafter, the dispersion of mometasone furoate is added to the aqueous phase.
The ingredients of the oil phase (coconut oil, stearic acid, cetostearyl alcohol, macrogol stearate) are mixed and heated to about 70° C.
The oil phase is added to the aqueous phase. The emulsion is mixed and homogenized and thereafter the cream is cooled during stirring.
Detailed Description of Manufacturing Process
Stability Data
After storage at 25° C./60% RH and 40° C./75% RH for up to 9 months, the 0.1% mometasone furoate oil-in-water cream with 25% propylene glycol is stable both chemically and physically, see table 2 and 3.
Samples with the composition according to table 1 but with 20% (w/w) propylene glycol have been stored at 25° C./60% RH and 40° C./75% RH. Stability data is available for up to 12 months, see table 4 and 5. Data shows that the composition is stable at both temperatures for the investigated period.
In Vivo Behavior of Oil-In-Water Emulsions
VCA Screening Study
Skin blanching has been evaluated to assess the topical bioavailability of the 0.1% mometasone furoate oil-in-water cream given in Example 1 with propylene glycol, see
In
The effect on skin blanching after applying an oil-in-water cream with a high fat content (40%) and no propylene glycol was compared with the effect of a cream with 20% propylene glycol and 20% fat, see
In the in-vivo screening studies, approximately 40 mg of each cream was applied to a 2.25 cm2 test field located on the volar part of the forearm. The non-occlusive application was removed after 5 hours (
VCA Study
A vasoconstrictor assay (VCA) study on 30 healthy subjects, vehicle controlled single-center double blind study for the study preparations (Mometasone furorate 0.1% cream, Galenica (the invention) and Elocon generic copy, class III) observer-blind for the comparators (Kenacort-T 0.1% cream, Elocon® 0.1% cream and Dermovat 0.05% cream, class II, III and IV respectively) was performed. Approximately 50 μl cream was applied to a total of nine test fields of 2 cm2 each, located on the volar surface of the forearms, non-occlusive for 6 hours. The skin color was measured prior to treatment (baseline) and after 1, 2, 4, 6, 18 and 24 hours after the end of the treatment period with a Minolta Chroma-Meter CR-300. The total mean skin blanching was assessed as baseline corrected AUC for the tested creams according to
The result shows that topical bioequivalence is possible to obtain with the described o/w cream when compared to the Elocon® w/o cream.
Antimicrobial Properties
The 0.1% mometasone furoate oil-in-water cream has been challenge tested according to Ph. Eur. “Efficacy of Antimicrobial Preservation”. The o/w cream showed that the formulation satisfies criteria in Ph. Eur. 5.1.3. Hence, the product is self preserved and has antimicrobial properties.
Oil-In-Water Emulsions with Content of Different Alkane-Diols
Three oil-in-water emulsions having a content of propylene glycol, butylene glycol, and hexylene glycol were tested as described above. The results at shown in
In Vivo Behavior of the Oil-In-Water Emulsions
Two compositions containing propylene glycol as alkane diol and Elocon® 0.1% were tested as described in Example 2 above. The compositions of the invention had different weight ratios, alkane-diol:water, PG:W, namely from 1:1.6 to 1:2.1. The composition with the weight ratio 1:1.6 was in accordance with the composition described in Table 1 herein, but contained 20% w/w coconut; the content of water was reduced accordingly. The composition with the weight ratio 1:2.1 contained 25% propylene glycol and had a composition as described in Table 1 herein.
The results show that both compositions have therapeutic effects similar to that of Elocon® cream (see
Comparison of In Vivo Behaviour of an Oil-In-Water Emulsion with Formulations According to WO 2008/126076 (Perrigo Israel Pharmaceuticals Ltd)
As mentioned in the introduction herein, an oil-in-water composition of mometasone has been described in WO 2008/126076. However, no in vivo studies have been reported. In order to compare the in vivo behaviour of compositions according to the present invention with those of WO 2008/126076 (denoted Perrigo creams), a comparison study was made.
The compositions described in Example 3 (Formula B) and Example 5 (Formula C) were prepared as follows:
Preparation of Creams:
The water phase is prepared first: Xanthan gum and carbomer 940 are dispersed in purified water. Next dibasic sodium phosphate is mixed into the dispersion. Emulsifying wax and benzyl alcohol are added to the dispersion and heated.
To prepare the active solution, mometasone furoate is dissolved in heated propylene glycol.
Next the oily phase is prepared: Oleic acid, cetostearyl alcohol, and caprylic capric triglyceride are combined and mixed.
The active solution and the oily phase are added to the water phase.
The resulting emulsion is cooled. pH is adjusted with phosphoric acid.
The Perrigo compositions and an oil-in-water composition in accordance with the present invention, but containing propylene glycol, and Elocon® 0.1% cream were subjected to the skin blanching study described in Example 2 above and the results are reported in
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PA 2009 00602 | May 2009 | DK | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15890610 | Feb 2018 | US |
| Child | 17732080 | US | |
| Parent | 13319760 | Feb 2012 | US |
| Child | 15890610 | US |
