Exemplary embodiments pertain to the art of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, and in particular to lubrication of compressors in multi-compressor HVAC systems.
In an HVAC system, to keep the compressors running properly it is important that adequate levels of lubricant such as oil are maintained in each of the compressors. Lubricant is typically entrained in the refrigerant flow through the system and returns to the compressors via the same suction inlet to the compressor through which the refrigerant passes. In some operating conditions, the level of oil in the compressors is uneven due to operating conditions in each of the compressors, and bends, turns and branching in the passages of a typical suction header leads to local stratification of the lubricant in the suction header and as such reduces the amount of lubricant returning to the compressors.
In one embodiment, a suction valve of a multiple-compressor heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system includes a valve housing including a valve inlet conduit to direct a flow of refrigerant from a heat absorption heat exchanger of the HVAC system into the suction valve, and a plurality of valve outlet conduits. Each valve outlet conduit of the plurality of valve outlet conduits is configured to direct the flow of refrigerant from the suction valve to a different compressor of the HVAC system. A valve seat is located in the valve housing. The valve seat has a plurality of valve passages extending therethrough. The valve seat is one or more of movable along a valve axis and rotatable about the valve axis to selectably direct the flow of refrigerant to one or more compressors of the HVAC system depending on a position of the valve seat in the valve housing.
Additionally or alternatively, in this or other embodiments an actuator is operably connected to the valve seat to move the valve seat to a selected position in the valve housing.
Additionally or alternatively, in this or other embodiments the actuator is a stepper motor.
Additionally or alternatively, in this or other embodiments the valve seat includes a single valve port located at a first side of the valve seat, and a plurality of valve ports located at a second side of the valve seat opposite the first side. The plurality of valve passages extend from the single valve port to the plurality of valve ports.
Additionally or alternatively, in this or other embodiments the valve seat includes a first plurality of valve ports located at a first side of the valve seat, and a second plurality of valve ports located at a second side of the valve seat opposite the first side. The plurality of valve passages extend from the first plurality of valve ports to the second plurality of valve ports.
In another embodiment, a heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system includes a plurality of compressors arranged in a fluidly parallel relationship, a suction header to direct a flow a refrigerant to the plurality of compressors, and a suction valve located at the suction header. The suction valve includes a valve housing including a valve inlet conduit to direct a flow of refrigerant into the suction valve, and a plurality of valve outlet conduits. Each valve outlet conduit of the plurality of valve outlet conduits is configured to direct the flow of refrigerant from the suction valve to a different compressor of the plurality of compressors. A valve seat is located in the valve cylinder. The valve seat has a plurality of valve passages extending therethrough. The valve seat is one or more of movable along a valve axis and rotatable about the valve axis to selectably direct the flow of refrigerant to one or more compressors of plurality of compressors depending on a position of the valve seat in the valve housing.
Additionally or alternatively, in this or other embodiments a controller commands movement of the valve seat in the valve housing. The controller commands movement of valve seat based on detected load on the HVAC system and a detected oil circulation ratio through each compressor of the plurality of compressors.
Additionally or alternatively, in this or other embodiments one or more sensors at each compressor of the plurality of compressors determine the oil circulation ratio.
Additionally or alternatively, in this or other embodiments an actuator is operably connected to the valve seat to move the valve seat to a selected position in the valve housing.
Additionally or alternatively, in this or other embodiments the actuator is a stepper motor.
Additionally or alternatively, in this or other embodiments the valve seat includes a single valve port located at a first side of the valve seat, and a plurality of valve ports located at a second side of the valve seat opposite the first side. The plurality of valve passages extend from the single valve port to the plurality of valve ports.
Additionally or alternatively, in this or other embodiments the valve seat includes a first plurality of valve ports located at a first side of the valve seat, and a second plurality of valve ports located at a second side of the valve seat opposite the first side. The plurality of valve passages extend from the first plurality of valve ports to the second plurality of valve ports.
Additionally or alternatively, in this or other embodiments a heat rejection heat exchanger is fluidly connected to the plurality of compressors downstream of the plurality of compressors, an expansion device is fluidly connected to the heat rejection heat exchanger downstream of the heat rejection heat exchanger, and a heat absorption heat exchanger is fluidly connected to the expansion device downstream of the expansion device and upstream of the suction valve.
In yet another embodiment, a method of operating a suction valve of a heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system having a plurality of compressors includes determining a load condition of the HVAC system, and directing a flow of refrigerant to the suction valve. The suction valve includes a valve housing including a valve inlet conduit to direct a flow of refrigerant into the suction valve, and a plurality of valve outlet conduits. Each valve outlet conduit of the plurality of valve outlet conduits is configured to direct the flow of refrigerant from the suction valve to a different compressor of the plurality of compressors. A valve seat is located in the valve housing. The valve seat has a plurality of valve passages extending therethrough. The valve seat of the suction valve is moved to selectably direct the flow of refrigerant through one or more valve passages of plurality of valve passages to one or more compressors of the plurality of compressors based on the determined load condition of the HVAC system.
Additionally or alternatively, in this or other embodiments an oil circulation ratio in the flow of refrigerant of each compressor of the plurality of compressors is determined, and the determined oil circulation ratio is compared to a predetermined threshold. The valve seat is moved to selectably direct the flow of refrigerant to one or more compressors of the plurality of compressors at which the oil circulation ratio is below the predetermined threshold.
Additionally or alternatively, in this or other embodiments moving the valve seat includes one or more of moving the valve seat along a valve axis, or rotating the valve seat about the valve axis.
Additionally or alternatively, in this or other embodiments the valve seat is moved via operation of an actuator operably connected to the valve seat.
Additionally or alternatively, in this or other embodiments the actuator is a stepper motor.
The following descriptions should not be considered limiting in any way. With reference to the accompanying drawings, like elements are numbered alike:
A detailed description of one or more embodiments of the disclosed apparatus and method are presented herein by way of exemplification and not limitation with reference to the Figures.
Referring to
Referring to
The valve seat 34 is movably mounted within the hollow interior 41 of the valve housing 32. In the illustrated, non-limiting embodiment, the valve seat 34 is configured to translate along a valve axis 52 within the valve housing 32 to direct a flow of refrigerant to the one or more downstream compressors 16a, 16b, 16c. As shown, the valve axis 52 is oriented generally horizontally; however, it should be understood that in other embodiments the valve axis 52 may be arranged vertically, or at another position between horizontal and vertical. Embodiments where the valve seat 34 is movable in another manner, such as where the valve seat 34 is rotatable about the valve axis 52 within the valve housing 32 for example, are also within the scope of the disclosure.
A plurality of fluidly distinct ports are formed in the valve seat 34. In the illustrated, non-limiting embodiment, the valve housing 32 includes a valve inlet conduit 38 to admit the flow of refrigerant 14 from the heat absorption heat exchanger 30, and valve outlet conduits 40 to direct the flow of refrigerant 14 to each of the compressors 16. For example, in the embodiment of
Operation of the suction valve 22 will now be described with reference to
Another exemplary embodiment of a suction valve 22 is illustrated in
A third exemplary embodiment of suction valve 22 is illustrated in
In an embodiment, when the valve seat 34 is in any particular position, the valve seat 34 is arranged adjacent an end 37 of the valve housing 32 closest to the actuator 36. Accordingly, the first, second, third or fourth position may define the ends of the path of movement of the valve seat 34. In such embodiments, the maximum stroke of movement of the valve seat 34 may be defined between the first, second, third and fourth positions.
The end 37 of the valve housing 32 may be formed by a removable clip. During normal operation of the valve, movement of the valve seat 34 within the valve housing 32 is restricted by the clip. However, the clip may be separated from the valve housing 32 to provide access to and remove the valve seat 34 therefrom for service and/or maintenance.
Referring again to
In some embodiments, the system controller 54 monitors an oil circulation ratio (OCR), which is utilized to determine an amount of lubricant stratification in the compressors 16a, 16b, 16c, and adjusts the suction valve 22 accordingly to ensure an adequate supply of lubricant to each of the compressors 16a, 16b, 16c. In some embodiments, the OCR is monitored via lubricant pressure and temperature sensors 56 at each of the compressors 16a, 16b, 16c. Alternatively or additionally, the OCR is monitored more directly by OCR sensors 58 along the refrigerant circuit 12 corresponding to each of the compressors 16a, 16b, 16c.
Referring now to
The HVAC system 10 and the suction valve 22 allows for modulation of refrigerant flow 14 in a multi-compressor 16 HVAC system 10, and avoids oil stratification in the HVAC system 10 with the suction valve 22 configuration. With this configuration, only one suction valve 22 is required for the HVAC system 10, and allows for capacity adjustment through different displacements in the HVAC system 10. Further, the suction valve 22 allows for control of lubricant levels in the compressors 16 in a full load condition of the HVAC system 10. Further, by controlling the flow of oil to the compressors as needed, the life and energy efficiency of the system may be increased.
The term “about” is intended to include the degree of error associated with measurement of the particular quantity based upon the equipment available at the time of filing the application.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, element components, and/or groups thereof.
While the present disclosure has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment or embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the present disclosure not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this present disclosure, but that the present disclosure will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/328,373, filed Apr. 7, 2022, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Number | Date | Country | |
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63328373 | Apr 2022 | US |