Claims
- 1. A process for the selective production of an oligomer oil having predetermined properties comprising:
(a) polymerizing a feed comprising one or more C3 to C20 olefins having at least one hydrogen on the 2-carbon atom, at least two hydrogens on the 3-carbon atom and at least one hydrogen on the 4-carbon (if 4 carbon atoms are present in the olefin), in the presence of a metallocene catalyst system comprising a bulky ligand transition metal complex of the stoichiometric Formula 1 and an activating quantity of an activator comprising an organoaluminum compound or a hydrocarbylboron compound or a mixture thereof:LmMXnX′p Formula 1wherein L is the bulky ligand, M is the transition metal, X and X′ may be the same or different and are independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydrocarbyl group or hydrocarboxyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms, wherein m is 1-3, n is 0-3, p is 0-3 and the sum of the integers m+n+p corresponds to the transition metal valency, to thereby form a product mixture comprising a distribution of products at least a fraction of which have properties that are outside of a predetermined range therefor, and (b) oligomerizing at least a pre-selected fraction of the product mixture formed in step (a) in the presence of an acidic oligomerization catalyst to thereby form the aforesaid oligomer oil wherein the resulting product mixture comprises less than 35% oligomers that contain two or less monomeric units and at least 60% of oligomers that contain three monomeric units.
- 2. The process of claim 1 wherein the feed comprises one or more C4 to C20 1-olefin.
- 3. The process of claim 1 wherein the aforesaid metal complex contains a multiplicity of bonded atoms forming a group which may be cyclic with one or more optional heteroatoms.
- 4. The process of claim 3 wherein the feed comprises one or more linear C4 to C20 1-olefin, and wherein the product mixture formed comprises an essentiall terminally unsaturated viscous, essentially 1-olefin-containing poly(1-olefin) or co-poly(1-olefin) of molecular weight between about 300 and about 10,000 that exhibits a terminal vinylidene content of more than 50%.
- 5. The process of claim 4 wherein the aforesaid poly(1-olefin) or copoly(1-olefin) exhibits a terminal vinylidene content of more than 80%.
- 6. The process of claim 1 wherein the aforesaid poly(1-olefin) or copoly(1-olefin) exhibits a terminal unsaturation of more than 90%.
- 7. The process of claim 4 wherein the metallocene is represented by the stoichiometric Formula 2
- 8. The process of claim 7 wherein the metallocene is represented by the Formulas 3 or 4
- 9. The process of claim 8 wherein each C5R3g is a mono-substituted cyclopentadienyl of type C5H4R3 and each R3 may be the same or different primary or secondary alkyl radical.
- 10. The process of claim 9 wherein R3 is a primary alkyl group.
- 11. The process of claim 9 wherein R3 is a secondary alkyl group.
- 12. The process of claim 9 wherein step (a) is conducted at a temperature of 25-150° C.
- 13. The process of claim 12 wherein the product of step (a) is a low viscosity oil having a viscosity in the range of 2-20 cSt at 100° C.
- 14. The process of claim 8 wherein each C5R3g is a di, tri, or tetra-substituted cyclopentadienyl of type C5H3R32, C5H2R33, or C5HR34, and each R3 may be the same or different primary or secondary alkyl radical.
- 15. The process of claim 14 wherein R3 is a methyl radical.
- 16. The process of claim 14 wherein step (a) is conducted at temperature of 25-150° C.
- 17. The process of claim 16 wherein the product of step (a) is a high viscosity oil having a viscosity in the range of 20-5,000 cSt at 100° C.
- 18. The process of claim 8 wherein the metal in the aforesaid metal in the complex is a metal of Periodic Group IVB.
- 19. The process of claim 1 wherein step (a) is conducted under low hydrogen partial pressures.
- 20. The process of claim 19 wherein the partial pressure of hydrogen in step (a) is 100 psig or less.
- 21. The process of claim 20 wherein the partial pressure of hydrogen in step (a) is 50 psig or less.
- 22. The process of claim 1 wherein the oligomerization catalyst system comprises boron trifluoride and a promoter.
- 23. The process of claim 1 wherein a relatively lower molecular weight fraction of the product form step (a) is separated thereform and oligomerized in step (b).
- 24. The process of claim 23 wherein a fraction comprising the monomeric and dimeric components of the product mixture from step (a) are separated therefrom and oligomerized in step (b).
- 25. The process of claim 23 wherein a fraction comprising the dimeric components of the product mixture from step (a) are separated thereform and oligomerized in step (b).
- 26. The process of claim 23 wherein a fraction comprising the dimeric components and a portion of the trimeric components with or without monomeric components of the product mixture from step (a) are separated therefrom and oligomerized in step (b).
- 27. The process of claim 1 wherein an admixture of the aforesaid preselected fraction of the product mixture from step (a) and one or more vinyl olefins containing from 4 to 20 carbon atoms is oligomerized in step (b).
- 28. The process of claim 1 wherein the entire product from step (a) is oligomerized in step (b).
- 29. The process of claim 27 wherein 1-decene is polymerized in step (a), and an admixture of the fraction of the product mixture from step (a) containing 20 carbon atoms and less and the aforesaid one or more vinyl olefin is oligomerized in step (b).
- 30. The process of claim 29 wherein the aforesaid vinyl olefin in the admixture is 1-dodecene or 1-tetradecene.
- 31. The process of claim 1 wherein the product mixture from step (b) comprises at least 65% by weight of oligomers that contain three monomeric units.
- 32. The process claim 31 wherein the product mixture from step (b) comprises at least 70% by weight of oligomers that contain three monomeric units.
- 33. The process of claim 32 wherein the product mixture from step (b) compromises at least 80% of oligomers that contain three monomeric units.
- 34. The process of claim 1 wherein the product mixture from step (b) comprises less than 25% of oligomers that contain one or two monomeric units.
- 35. The process of claim 34 wherein the product mixture from step (b) comprises less than 15% of oligomers that contain one or two monomeric units.
- 36. A lubricant composition comprising about 1 to about 99 weight percent of the product mixture from step (b) of claim 1 as the base oil.
- 37. The lubricant composition of claim 36 comprising a base oil having a maximum viscosity of 6 cSt at 100° C., a Noack volatility at 250° C. of less than 10% weight loss, a viscosity index of greater than 130 and a pour point of less than −30° C.
- 38. The lubricant composition of claim 37 wherein base oil has a maximum viscosity of 5 cSt at 100° C., a viscosity index of greater than 138 and a pour point of less than −40° C.
- 39. The lubricant composition of claim 38 wherein the base oil has a maximum viscosity of 4 cSt at 100° C. and a pour point of less than −60° C.
- 40. An engine oil formulation comprising the lubricant composition of claim 36.
- 41. A 0W- and 5W- engine oil formulation comprising the lubricant composition of claim 36.
RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part application of copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/401,867, filled on Sep. 23, 1999.
Continuation in Parts (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
09401867 |
Sep 1999 |
US |
Child |
09814500 |
Mar 2001 |
US |