Claims
- 1. A one-piece, open-end wrenching head for a fastener having a plurality of generally flat sides intersecting at a plurality of corners, the fastener having an across-sides dimension, said wrenching head comprising two jaws of substantially equal length and a throat integrally interconnecting said jaws, said jaws including jaw driving surface portions spaced apart a predetermined distance slightly greater than the across-sides dimension of said fastener, the outermost end of each of said jaw driving surface portions being at a distance from the deepest point of said throat of at least 0.866 times the predetermined distance, at least one of said jaw driving surface portions having a roughened region thereon disposed adjacent to said throat and constructed and arranged to engage a portion of a side of the fastener, at least the other of said jaw driving surface portions having an unroughened region thereon disposed adjacent to said outermost end and constructed and arranged to engage a portion of a side of a fastener, said roughened region having a coefficient of friction substantially greater than that of said unroughened region.
- 2. The wrenching head of claim 1, wherein each of said jaw driving surface portions includes a relief region at said outermost end to receive a corner of the fastener, said relief region being disposed at a distance from the deepest point of said throat of substantially 0.866 times the predetermined distance.
- 3. The wrenching head of claim 1, wherein each of said jaw driving surface portions includes said roughened region thereon.
- 4. The wrenching head of claim 1, wherein said roughened region has a length no greater than one-half the length of the associated jaw driving surface portion.
- 5. The wrenching head of claim 1, wherein said roughened region is constructed and arranged to engage the fastener at or adjacent to a corner thereof.
- 6. The wrenching head of claim 1, wherein said roughened region comprises a deposit of an abrasive material on the associated jaw driving surface portion.
- 7. The wrenching head of claim 6, wherein said roughened region is formed by the process of sputter deposition of the abrasive material.
- 8. The wrenching head of claim 6, wherein said roughened region is formed by the process of brazing the abrasive material to the associated jaw driving surface portion.
- 9. The wrenching head of claim 6, wherein said roughened region is formed by the process of adhesively bonding the abrasive material to the associated jaw driving surface portion.
- 10. The wrenching head of claim 6, wherein said roughened region is formed by the process of ion implantation of the abrasive material on the associated jaw driving surface portion.
- 11. The wrenching head of claim 1, wherein said roughened region includes a deformed region of the associated jaw driving surface portion.
- 12. The wrenching head of claim 11, wherein said deformed region is formed by the process of shot peening.
- 13. The wrenching head of claim 11, wherein said deformed region is -formed by the process of broaching.
- 14. The wrenching head of claim 13, wherein said deformed region includes a plurality of serrations.
- 15. The wrenching head of claim 1, wherein said roughened region has a coefficient of friction corresponding to an emery grit equivalent of no greater than 100.
- 16. The wrenching head of claim 15, wherein said roughened region has a coefficient of friction corresponding to an emery grit equivalent in the range of from about 65 to about 45.
- 17. The wrenching head of claim 1, wherein said unroughened region has a coefficient of friction corresponding to that of machined and hardened steel.
- 18. A wrench comprising: a handle; and a one-piece, open-end wrenching head on said handle for a fastener having a plurality of generally flat sides intersecting at a plurality of corners, the fastener having an across-sides dimension, said wrenching head including two jaws of substantially equal length and a throat integrally interconnecting said jaws, said jaws including driving surface portions spaced apart a predetermined distance slightly greater than the across-sides dimension of the fastener, the outermost end of each of said jaw driving surface portions being at a distance from the deepest point of said throat of at least 0.866 times the predetermined distance, at least one of said jaw driving surface portions having a roughened region thereon disposed adjacent to said throat and constructed and arranged to engage a portion of a side of the fastener, at least the other of said jaw driving surface portions having an unroughened region thereon disposed adjacent to said outermost end and constructed and arranged to engage a portion of a side of a fastener, said roughened region having a coefficient of friction substantially greater than that of said unroughened region.
- 19. In a one-piece, open-end wrenching head for a fastener having a plurality of generally flat sides intersecting at a plurality of corners, the fastener having an across-sides dimension, wherein the wrenching head includes two jaws and a throat interconnecting the jaws, the jaws including jaw driving surface portions spaced apart a predetermined distance slightly greater than the across-sides dimension of the fastener, the outermost end of each of the jaw driving surface portions being at a distance from the deepest point of the throat of at least 0.866 times the predetermined distance, at least one of the jaw driving surface portions having at least one roughened region thereon constructed and arranged to engage a portion of a side of the fastener, the improvement comprising: the roughened region being formed by the process of depositing an abrasive material on the jaw driving surface portion.
- 20. The wrenching head of claim 19, wherein said process of depositing includes sputter deposition.
- 21. The wrenching head of claim 19, wherein said process of depositing includes brazing of the abrasive material to the jaw driving surface portion.
- 22. The wrenching head of claim 19, wherein said process of depositing includes adhesive bonding of the abrasive material to the jaw driving surface portion.
- 23. The wrenching head of claim 19, wherein said process of depositing includes ion implantation.
- 24. In a one-piece, open-end wrenching head for a fastener having a plurality of generally flat sides intersecting at a plurality of corners, the fastener having an across-sides dimension, wherein the wrenching head includes two jaws and a throat interconnecting the jaws, the jaws including jaw driving surface portions spaced apart a predetermined distance slightly greater than the across-sides dimension of the fastener, the outermost end of each of the jaw driving surface portions being at a distance from the deepest point of the throat of at least 0.866 times the predetermined distance, at least one of the jaw driving surface portions having at least one roughened region thereon constructed and arranged to engage a portion of a side of the fastener, the improvement comprising: the roughened region being formed by the process of deformation of the jaw driving surface portion.
- 25. The wrenching head of claim 24, wherein said process of deformation includes broaching of the wrenching head during formation of the jaws.
- 26. The wrenching head of claim 24, wherein said process of deformation includes shot peening the jaw driving surface portion.
- 27. The wrenching head of claim 24, wherein said process of deformation includes formation of a plurality of serrations on the jaw driving portion.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This is a continuation-in-part of Applicants' application, Ser. No. 487,921, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,117,714 filed Mar. 5, 1990, and entitled "One-Piece, Open-End Wrenching Head with Serrated Jaws", which is in turn a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 421,669, filed Oct. 16, 1989, and entitled "One-piece, Open-end Wrenching Head with Serrated Jaws," now abandoned, the disclosures of both of which applications are incorporated herein by reference.
US Referenced Citations (6)
Foreign Referenced Citations (7)
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0228067 |
Sep 1959 |
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Continuation in Parts (2)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
487921 |
Mar 1990 |
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Parent |
421669 |
Oct 1989 |
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