Patent Application
20190249510
In the drilling and completion industry, there is often need for the storage of energy in borehole tools through mechanical input. One example is a packer or similar seal where energy in the form of compression is imparted to a deformable resilient material and that energy is held therein by a ratcheting device such as a body lock ring. The compressive energy causes the seal to expand radially and thereby form a seal with a casing of other structure disposed radially of the tool. Body lock rings or similar devices are very effective for holding the energy in the tool but are difficult to release, generally requiring the drilling or milling out of the entire tool. This is costly and time consuming and hence undesirable. The art would welcome advancements that reduce cost and time in removing borehole tools.
The subject matter disclosed herein relates to a one-way energy retaining device including a body, at least a portion of which comprises a degradable material; a protrusion extending radially from the body that allows movement of the device along a separate structure in a first direction and prevents movement along the separate structure in the opposite direction.
The subject matter disclosed herein relates to a resource recovery system including a borehole; and a tool disposed in the borehole, the tool including a device as in any prior embodiment.
The subject matter disclosed herein relates to a method of storing energy and releasing stored energy in a borehole tool including urging a device as in any prior embodiment in a first direction relative to the tool in a borehole; storing in the tool, the energy that was employed during the urging; signaling the at least a portion of the body to degrade.
The following descriptions should not be considered limiting in any way. With reference to the accompanying drawings, like elements are numbered alike:
A detailed description of one or more embodiments of the disclosed apparatus and method are presented herein by way of exemplification and not limitation with reference to the Figures.
Referring to
Referring to
While the first discussed embodiment uses an annular portion 26, it is to be understood that the portion may also be made from a number of portions that together with spaces therebetween make up an annular area (See
In another embodiment, referring to
In embodiments, the portion 26/126 may comprise an energetic reactive composite material that possesses sufficient structural integrity in a first condition to act as described above and then upon a triggering event, such as the application of an electric charge thereto, will lose that structural integrity. The loss of structural integrity may range between 1) being simply not strong enough to hold portions of the device 10 together to 2) completely disappearing.
Referring to
In an embodiment, the energetic reactive composite material includes an energetic material disposed in a matrix. The energetic material may be in the form of continuous fibers, wires, foils, particles, pellets, short fibers, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing. Once a reaction of the energetic material is initiated at one or more starting locations or points, the reaction can self-propagate through the energetic material. The matrix material, in an embodiment, comprises a polymer, a metal, a composite, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing, which provides the general material properties such as strength, ductility, hardness, density for tool functions. As used herein, a metal includes metal alloys. The matrix material can be corrodible or non-corrodible in a downhole fluid. The downhole fluid comprises water, brine, acid, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing. In an embodiment, the downhole fluid includes potassium chloride (KCl), hydrochloric acid (HCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium bromide (CaBr2) or zinc bromide (ZnBr2), or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
In an embodiment, the matrix material comprises Zn, Mg, Al, Mn, an alloy thereof, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing. The matrix material can further comprise Ni, W, Mo, Cu, Fe, Cr, Co, an alloy thereof, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
Magnesium alloy is specifically mentioned. Magnesium alloys suitable for use include alloys of magnesium with aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), strontium (Sr), thorium (Th), tungsten (W), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr), or a combination comprising at least one of these elements. Particularly useful alloys include magnesium alloy particles including those prepared from magnesium alloyed with Ni, W, Co, Cu, Fe, or other metals. Alloying or trace elements can be included in varying amounts to adjust the corrosion rate of the magnesium. For example, four of these elements (cadmium, calcium, silver, and zinc) have to mild-to-moderate accelerating effects on corrosion rates, whereas four others (copper, cobalt, iron, and nickel) have a still greater effect on corrosion. Exemplary commercial magnesium alloys which include different combinations of the above alloying elements to achieve different degrees of corrosion resistance include but are not limited to, for example, those alloyed with aluminum, strontium, and manganese such as AJ62, AJ50x, AJ51x, and AJ52x alloys, and those alloyed with aluminum, zinc, and manganese such as AZ91A-E alloys.
It will be understood that corrodible matrix materials will have any corrosion rate necessary to achieve the desired performance of the disintegrable article once the article completes its function. In a specific embodiment, the corrodible matrix material has a corrosion rate of about 0.1 to about 450 mg/cm2/hour, specifically about 1 to about 450 mg/cm2/hour determined in aqueous 3 wt. % KCl solution at 200° F. (93° C.).
In an embodiment, the matrix formed from the matrix material has a substantially-continuous, cellular nanomatrix comprising a nanomatrix material; a plurality of dispersed particles comprising a particle core material that comprises Mg, Al, Zn or Mn, or a combination thereof, dispersed in the cellular nanomatrix; and a solid-state bond layer extending throughout the cellular nanomatrix between the dispersed particles, the powder metal compact comprising deformed powder particles formed by compacting powder particles comprising a particle core and at least one coating layer, the coating layers joined by solid-state bonding to form the substantially-continuous, cellular nanomatrix and leave the particle cores as the dispersed particles. The dispersed particles have an average particle size of about 5 μm to about 300 μm. The nanomatrix material comprises Al, Zn, Mn, Mg, Mo, W, Cu, Fe, Si, Ca, Co, Ta, Re or Ni, or an oxide, carbide or nitride thereof, or a combination of any of the aforementioned materials, and wherein the nanomatrix material has a chemical composition and the particle core material has a chemical composition that is different than the chemical composition of the nanomatrix material.
The matrix can be formed from coated particles such as powders of Zn, Mg, Al, Mn, an alloy thereof, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing. The powder generally has a particle size of from about 50 to about 150 micrometers, and more specifically about 5 to about 300 micrometers, or about 60 to about 140 micrometers. The powder can be coated using a method such as chemical vapor deposition, anodization or the like, or admixed by physical method such cryo-milling, ball milling, or the like, with a metal or metal oxide such as Al, Ni, W, Co, Cu, Fe, oxides of one of these metals, or the like. The coating layer can have a thickness of about 25 nm to about 2,500 nm. Al/Ni and Al/W are specific examples for the coating layers. More than one coating layer may be present. Additional coating layers can include Al, Zn, Mg, Mo, W. Cu, Fe, Si, Ca, Co, Ta, Re, or No. Such coated magnesium powders are referred to herein as controlled electrolytic materials (CEM). The CEM materials are then molded or compressed forming the matrix by, for example, cold compression using an isostatic press at about 40 to about 80 ksi (about 275 to about 550 MPa), followed by forging or sintering and machining, to provide a desired shape and dimensions of the disintegrable article. The CEM materials including the composites formed therefrom have been described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,528,633 and 9,101,978.
The matrix material can be degradable polymers and their composites including poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactide-co-glycolide, polyurethane such as polyurethane having ester or ether linkages, polyvinyl acetate, polyesters, and the like.
Optionally, the matrix material further comprises additives such as carbides, nitrides, oxides, precipitates, dispersoids, glasses, carbons, or the like in order to control the mechanical strength and density of the disintegrable article.
The energetic material comprises a thermite, a reactive multi-layer foil, an energetic polymer, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing. Use of energetic materials disclosed herein is advantageous as these energetic materials are stable at wellbore temperatures but produce an extremely intense exothermic reaction following activation, which facilitate the rapid disintegration of the disintegrable articles.
Thermite compositions include, for example, a metal powder (a reducing agent) and a metal oxide (an oxidizing agent) that produces an exothermic oxidation-reduction reaction known as a thermite reaction. Choices for a reducing agent include aluminum, magnesium, calcium, titanium, zinc, silicon, boron, and combinations including at least one of the foregoing, for example, while choices for an oxidizing agent include boron oxide, silicon oxide, chromium oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, lead oxide, and combinations including at least one of the foregoing, for example.
As used herein, energetic polymers are materials possessing reactive groups that are capable of absorbing and dissipating energy. During the activation of energetic polymers, energy absorbed by the energetic polymers cause the reactive groups on the energetic polymers, such as azido and nitro groups, to decompose releasing gas along with the dissipation of absorbed energy and/or the energy generated by the decomposition of the active groups. The heat and gas released promotes the disintegration of the disintegrable articles.
Energetic polymers include polymers with azide, nitro, nitrate, nitroso, nitramine, oxetane, triazole, and tetrazole containing groups. Polymers or co-polymers containing other energetic nitrogen containing groups can also be used. Optionally, the energetic polymers further include fluoro groups such as fluoroalkyl groups.
Exemplary energetic polymers include nitrocellulose, azidocellulose, polysulfide, polyurethane, a fluoropolymer combined with nano particles of combusting metal fuels, polybutadiene; polyglycidyl nitrate such as polyGLYN, butanetriol trinitrate, glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), for example, linear or branched GAP, GAP diol, or GAP triol, poly[3-nitratomethyl-3-methyl oxetane] (polyNIMMO), poly(3,3-bis-(azidomethyl)oxetane (polyBAMO) and poly(3-azidomethyl-3-methyl oxetane) (polyAMMO), polyvinylnitrate, polynitrophenylene, nitramine polyethers, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
The reactive multi-layer foil comprises aluminum layers and nickel layers or the reactive multi-layer foil comprises titanium layers and boron carbide layers. In specific embodiments, the reactive multi-layer foil includes alternating aluminum and nickel layers.
Further information regarding the energetic reactive composite material see US Publication numbers 2018/0171757, 2018/0171757, 2018/0171737, and 2018/0171738, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
It is also noted that the portion 26/126 may be exposed at a periphery of the device 10 or may be enclosed within the device 10 so that the degradable material is not exposed to wellbore fluids. This can be especially helpful if in addition to the energetic reactive composite material, other degradable material that is responsive to downhole fluids is also used. For example, any portion of device 10 may also comprise a fluid degradable material that is separated from fluids until the energetic reactive composite material is triggered. In other embodiments, up to the entire device 10 may comprise energetic reactive composite material.
Referring to
Set forth below are some embodiments of the foregoing disclosure:
A one-way energy retaining device including a body, at least a portion of which comprises a degradable material; a protrusion extending radially from the body that allows movement of the device along a separate structure in a first direction and prevents movement along the separate structure in the opposite direction.
The device as in any prior embodiment, wherein the at least a portion of the body is a portion that when degraded leaves the body in two separate pieces.
The device as in any prior embodiment, wherein the two separate pieces are annular pieces.
The device as in any prior embodiment, wherein the body is annular in shape.
The device as in any prior embodiment, wherein the at least a portion is an annular portion.
The device as in any prior embodiment, wherein the protrusion is a plurality of protrusions distributed about the body.
The device as in any prior embodiment, wherein protrusion is on an outside diameter surface of the body.
The device as in any prior embodiment, wherein the protrusion is on an inside diameter surface of the body.
The device as in any prior embodiment, wherein the plurality of protrusions are on both an inside diameter surface of the body and an outside surface of the body.
The device as in any prior embodiment, wherein the protrusion is a tooth.
The device as in any prior embodiment, wherein the degradable material is a energetic reactive composite material.
The device as in any prior embodiment, wherein the portion is the entire body.
The device as in any prior embodiment, wherein the device is a body lock ring.
A resource recovery system including a borehole; and a tool disposed in the borehole, the tool including a device as in any prior embodiment.
A method of storing energy and releasing stored energy in a borehole tool including urging a device as in any prior embodiment in a first direction relative to the tool in a borehole; storing in the tool, the energy that was employed during the urging; signaling the at least a portion of the body to degrade.
The method as in any prior embodiment, further including releasing the stored energy.
The method as in any prior embodiment, wherein the releasing is by separating the body into two annular portions thereby removing the ability of the body to store energy.
The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. Further, it should further be noted that the terms “first,” “second,” and the like herein do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The modifier “about” used in connection with a quantity is inclusive of the stated value and has the meaning dictated by the context (e.g., it includes the degree of error associated with measurement of the particular quantity).
The teachings of the present disclosure may be used in a variety of well operations. These operations may involve using one or more treatment agents to treat a formation, the fluids resident in a formation, a wellbore, and/or equipment in the wellbore, such as production tubing. The treatment agents may be in the form of liquids, gases, solids, semi-solids, and mixtures thereof. Illustrative treatment agents include, but are not limited to, fracturing fluids, acids, steam, water, brine, anti-corrosion agents, cement, permeability modifiers, drilling muds, emulsifiers, demulsifiers, tracers, flow improvers etc. Illustrative well operations include, but are not limited to, hydraulic fracturing, stimulation, tracer injection, cleaning, acidizing, steam injection, water flooding, cementing, etc.
While the invention has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment or embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims. Also, in the drawings and the description, there have been disclosed exemplary embodiments of the invention and, although specific terms may have been employed, they are unless otherwise stated used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention therefore not being so limited.
The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,021, filed Dec. 20, 2016, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15385021 | Dec 2016 | US |
| Child | 16393622 | US |
