OPHTHALMIC ARTICLE IN PARTICULAR FOR SUNGLASSES

The present invention relates to an ophthalmic article, in particular for sunglasses.

The term “ophthalmic article” is specifically understood to mean a lens, corrective or otherwise, that can be used as spectacle glass, for spectacles for example, particularly sunglasses, goggles, visors or the like.

Wearing sunglasses, in particular when it is very bright outside, is medically recommended to preserve one's long-term vision potential and also for safety reasons, for example when driving.

The discussion of the background of the invention herein is included to explain the context of the invention. This is not to be taken as an admission that any of the material referred to was published, known or part of the common general knowledge at the priority date of any of the claims.

Specifically, sunglasses form a barrier to UV (ultraviolet) rays. Many studies have shown that UV rays may engender lesions, inflammations or degradation of the cornea, of the crystalline lens or of the retina. In order to avoid these effects and above all a modification of the eye that could decrease vision long-term, people are increasingly encouraged to wear sunglasses in order to avoid exposure to too high a light intensity.

In addition, sunglasses also allow discomfort glare to be combatted, thereby increasing safety when driving or during sporting activities, for example skiing or other potentially risky activities.

For this reason, sunglasses sold at the present time block all radiation of wavelength lower than 400 nm.

However, in the last few years medical studies have demonstrated that a wavelength range of about 430 nm (+/−20 nm), also known as the bad blue, plays an important role for example in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or age-related maculopathy (ARM). It is a question of a process that is cumulative over a person's lifetime and that becomes problematic in particular for people older than 60 years old.

To remedy these problems, ophthalmic lenses with filters that are more pronounced in the visible blue portion of the spectrum between 400 nm and 480 nm are known.

However, these known ophthalmic lenses are not entirely satisfactory in so far as a portion of the “good blue” between 450 nm and 480 nm is also substantially attenuated, this degrading the visual spectral perception of the wearer of the sunglasses. In addition, a degradation in the contrast perceived by the user is observed, this possibly having a negative impact on safety, in particular when driving.

This lack of contrast may lead to the wearer of the sunglasses experiencing substantial visual fatigue and may also result in queasiness, or even cause headaches in extreme cases. This decrease in contrast may also lead to difficulties in appreciating perspective in the field of view. For a driver of a vehicle, it is possible that the traffic situation in front of the vehicle will be poorly read, this possibly representing a certain danger to the driver himself and to any other people present.

Furthermore, light is mostly beneficial for visual and non-visual functions of the eye, including not only visual perception, but also circadian functions.

Indeed, during the past 2 decades, empirical proof has evidenced that human physiology and behavior are largely influenced by retinal illumination.

Therefore, the attenuation of visible beneficial light induced by sunglasses may progressively have a detrimental effect on the biological, hormonal and behavioral functions entrained by retinal illumination. A daily repeated and abusively prolonged wearing of sunglasses interferes with the circadian rhythm of the wearer. In long-term, that might induce, for example, sleep troubles, seasonal affective disorders, mood disorders.

Furthermore, by significantly attenuating light intensity, sunglasses increase pupil area with a logarithmic trend. The increase in pupil size which normally accompanies decrease of illumination should enhance to some extent the deleterious effects on visual acuity of the optical aberrations.

Moreover, the increase in pupil size increases the energetic power of non-filtered wavelengths reaching the retina, particularly the noxious blue-violet wavelengths.

Accordingly, the present invention aims at overcoming at least one technical problem of the prior art as mentioned above.

In particular, one aim of the invention is to provide an ophthalmic article that optimizes the incident light intensity when being exposed or not to sunlight and which enhances the protection against harmful light while preserving the beneficial effects of visible daylight.

The objective of the invention is therefore to provide an improved ophthalmic article allowing the drawbacks of the prior art to be at least partially solved.

With this aim, the invention proposes an ophthalmic article, in particular for sunglasses, comprising at least one substrate and a photochromic filter compound, the ophthalmic article having a first transmission spectrum in an activated state of the photochromic filter compound and a second transmission spectrum in a deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound, such that:

- the first and the second transmission spectra at wavelengths lower than 380 nm is lower than 1%, in particular 0.03%,
- the first and the second transmission spectra have a relative first maximum between 460 nm and 510 nm,
- the first and the second transmission spectrum have a relative first minimum between 560 nm and 610 nm, and

$\frac{T_{v}^{deactivated}}{T_{v}^{activated}} > 2.5$

where

- T_v^activatedis the luminous transmittance according to ISO_13666 in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound,
- T_v^deactivatedis the luminous transmittance according to ISO_13666 in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound.

Such an ophthalmic article is suited to be worn outside as well as inside buildings. It assures transmission of “good blue” wavelength that influences the circadian rhythm of the wearer in a positive way, in particular outside when exposed to sunlight. Contrast is also enhanced contributing to a good perception and an increased visual acuity. In long-term, sleep troubles, seasonal affective disorders and mood disorders may be prevented and heath of the wearer is at least stabilized or even improved.

The general concept behind the invention can be considered to combine in one ophthalmic article photochromic features which may be in an activated or a deactivated state, with specific light filtering properties to get a well-adapted transmission spectrum that does not disturb circadian rhythm.

The ophthalmic article may present one or several of the following aspects taken alone or in combination.

According to one aspect:

$3 .1 > \frac{T_{v}^{deactivated}}{T_{v}^{activated}} > 2.6 .$

According to another aspect, the luminous transmittance T_v^activatedaccording to ISO 13666 is lower than 30%, in particular lower than 25%, in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound and the luminous transmittance T_v^deactivatedaccording to ISO_13666 is higher than 65%, in particular higher than 75%, in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound.

In the activated state of the photochromic filter compound, the transmission of the first spectrum may be less than 30%, in particular less than 25%, between 425 nm and 450 nm.

In the activated state of the photochromic filter compound, the transmission of the first spectrum shows for example a variation of less than 2%, in particular less than 1%, between 430 nm and 450 nm.

Said first maxima of the first and the second spectra can be distant less than 5 nm from each other, in particular at the same wavelength, and said first minima of the first and the second spectrum and can be distant less than 5 nm from each other, in particular at the same wavelength.

According to a possible further aspect

$\frac{T_{MAX 1}^{deactivated}}{T_{MAX 1}^{activated}} > 1.5$

where

- T_MAX1^activatedis the transmittance at the wavelength of the first maximum in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound,
- T_MAX^deactivatedis the transmittance at the wavelength of the first maximum in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound.

Moreover another possible aspect,

$\frac{T_{MIN 1}^{deactivated}}{T_{MIN 1}^{activated}} > 3, 5$

where

- T_MIN1^activatedis the transmittance at the wavelength of the first minimum in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound,
- T_MIN1^deactivatedis the transmittance at the wavelength of the first minimum in the state of the photochromic filter compound.

The transmission between 435 nm and 530 nm is for example equal or higher than 70%, in particular equal or higher than 75%, for the second transmission spectrum in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound.

The first relative minimum may have a transmission of 35%, in particular 30%, or less for the second transmission spectrum in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound.

The transmission at a wavelength equal or superior to 610 nm can be equal or higher than 75%, in particular equal or higher than 80%, for the second transmission spectrum in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound.

The second transmission spectrum in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound presents for example a second relative minimum at 536 nm+/−3 nm with a transmission comprised between 65% and 80%, in particular between 70% and 75%.

The second transmission spectrum in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound may present a second relative maximum at 547 nm+/−3 nm with a transmission comprised between 70% and 85%, in particular between 75% and 80%. The first relative maximum of the first transmission spectrum in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound can present a transmission comprised between 40% and 55%.

The ophthalmic article may comprise furthermore a film deposited on the substrate and which comprises the photochromic filter compound.

According to another example, the photochromic filter compound may be integrated in the matrix of the substrate.

The photochromic filter compound comprises in particular a mix of solvent dyes, narrow band dyes and photochromic dyes.

The at least one substrate comprises for example one or more colorants and/or pigments, said colorants and/or pigments of all the substrates interacting together with the photochromic filter compound in order to absorb the light passing through the ophthalmic article for providing the first transmission spectrum in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound and the second transmission spectrum in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound.

The first relative minimum has for example a transmission of 10% or less for the first transmission spectrum in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound.

The invention also relates to sunglasses comprising an ophthalmic article as described above.

Other advantages and features will become apparent upon reading the description of the following figures, among which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of an embodiment of an ophthalmic article according to the invention,

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another example of an embodiment of an ophthalmic article according to the invention,

FIG. 3 shows a first example of transmission spectra of the ophthalmic article in FIG. 1 or 2 in an activated and a deactivated state,

FIG. 4 shows a second example of transmission spectra of the ophthalmic article in FIG. 1 or 2 in an activated and a deactivated state, and

FIG. 5 shows a third example of transmission spectra of the ophthalmic article in FIG. 1 or 2 in an activated and a deactivated state.

On all the figures, the same elements bear the same reference numbers.

The following embodiments are only examples. Although the description refers to one or several embodiments, the invention is not limited to theses embodiments. In addition, a feature described in relationship with one embodiment may also concern another embodiment even if this is not mentioned expressively. Simple features of different embodiments may also be combined to provide further realizations.

In the present description, by “front” or “back” face of a layer, reference is made to the propagation of the rays of light towards the eye through the ophthalmic lens when an ophthalmic device bearing the ophthalmic lens is worn on a wearer's face. Thus a “front” face is always that which is closest directed toward the user's field of view and a “rear” face is always that which is closest to the eye of the user.

By “upstream” or “downstream” of two elements or layers, one refers to the propagation of the rays of light towards the eye in the same system as presented above. Thus, a first element is disposed upstream of a second element when the light passes through its path towards the eye of the user first through the first element and then through the second element. Conversely, a first element is disposed “downstream” of a second element when the light passes through its path towards the eye of the user first through the second element and then through the first element.

The terms “crystal” or “crystal glass” are understood to mean a glass/optical material of the class 0 according to the standardized international definition of glasses into five categories of light transmission. It is a glass having in the visible spectrum a light transmission range comprised between 80% and 100%.

The ophthalmic article 1 as shown in the FIGS. 1 and 2 is for example intended to be used for spectacles, in particular sunglasses. To do this, it is only necessary to shape the outer edge 3 according to the desired shape of the frame of the eyeglasses or sunglasses. Alternatively, and within the scope of the disclosure, the ophthalmic article may be intended for goggles, vision visors or the like.

In FIGS. 1 and 2 is shown two examples of an ophthalmic article 1. The light incident on the ophthalmic article 1 is shown by the arrow 5 and an eye 7 represents a user. The field of view 13 is thus situated on the side of the arrow 5 and the user looks through the ophthalmic article 1 with his eye 7.

By ophthalmic article 1 is meant a corrective lens or not (piano-lens), finished or semi-finished, suitable for being mounted in a frame, for example a spectacle frame, goggles, a mask or a visor intended to be placed in front of the eyes and forming a screen of visual protection.

The ophthalmic article 1 comprises at least one layer or substrate 9 (see for example FIG. 1).

According to a non-shown embodiment, the substrate 9 may be composed of several layers fixed together. One of these layers, in particular the one closest to the eye may be crystal and present on the rear side a curvature for optical correction of the users view.

The ophthalmic article 1 comprises also a photochromic filter compound 15.

As to the example in FIG. 1, the photochromic filter compound 15 is integrated in the matrix of the substrate 9.

As to the example in FIG. 2, a film 17 which comprises a photochromic filter compound 15, is deposited on the substrate 9.

With regard to both examples of FIGS. 1 and 2, the substrate 9 may comprise furthermore one or more colorants and/or pigments, said colorants and/or pigments of all the substrates interacting together with the photochromic filter compound 15 in order to absorb the light passing through the ophthalmic article 1.

In particular the photochromic filter compound 15 in conjunction or not with further colorants and/or pigments is configured for providing a first transmission spectrum in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound 15, for example when sufficient intensity of UV-light impinges the ophthalmic article 1, and a second transmission spectrum in a deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound 15, for example when the light impinging the ophthalmic article 1 does not comprise sufficient intensity of UV-light for activation of the photochromic filter compound 15.

The photochromic filter compound 15 comprises in particular a mix of solvent dyes like for example Anthraquinone dye, Azo dye, Pyrazolone dye, narrow band dyes like for example Porphyrazines, or tetraazaporphyrins, and photochromic dyes like for example naphthopyrans, or indeno-fused naphthopyrans.

In this context, treatments conferring additional functions, either alone or in combination among the following non-exhaustive list: shockproof, anti-scratch, anti-abrasion, anti-fouling, anti-fogging, anti-static may be deposited on the substrate 9 (front face 9F or rear face 9R) or the film 17 without negligible influence of the transmission spectra of the ophthalmic article 1.

The substrate 9 is for example made of a plastic material, thermoset, in particular made of poly(urea-urethane), or thermoplastic plastic material, in particular made of polyamide (PA), like nylon or a polycarbonate, or polyester.

The substrate 9 has a rear face 9R to be oriented toward the eye 7 of the user and a front face 9F to be oriented toward the field of vision 13 of the user. The substrate 9 has a for example a thickness comprised between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, preferentially comprised between 1 mm and 4 mm, most preferably between 1.4 mm and 4 mm or even between 1.5 mm and 3 mm.

However, other thicknesses for substrate 9 can be chosen in function for example of the optical correction of the ophthalmic article 1. In particular, if an optical correction is desired, substrate 9 may have a non-uniform thickness, so that its front face 9F has a different curvature than its rear face 9R.

In this embodiment the ophthalmic article is in particular a plano lens, i.e. a lens considered without optical power. In another embodiment, the rear face 9R of the substrate 9A may be surface finished for a corrective effect.

Turning to FIG. 3 showing a first example of transmission spectra of the ophthalmic article in FIG. 1 or 2.

The ophthalmic article 1 presents a first transmission spectrum 100 in an activated state of the photochromic filter compound 15 and a second transmission spectrum 102 in a deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound 15, such that:

- the first 100 and the second 102 transmission spectrum at wavelengths lower than 380 nm is lower than 1%, in particular 0.03%,
- the first 100 and the second 102 transmission spectrum have a respective relative first maximum, Max_1_deactivated and Max_1_activated, between 460 nm and 510 nm,
- the first 100 and the second 102 transmission spectrum have a respective relative first minimum Min_1_deactivated and Min_1_activated, between 560 nm and 610 nm, and

$\frac{T_{v}^{deactivated}}{T_{v}^{activated}} > 2.5$

where

- T_v^activatedis the luminous transmittance according to ISO_13666 in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound,
- T_v^deactivatedis the luminous transmittance according to ISO_13666 in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound.

For reminder, the luminous transmittance in ISO standard 13666 is defined as:

$τ_{v} = 100 \times \frac{\overset{780 nm}{\int_{380 nm}} τ (λ) \cdot V (λ) \cdot SD 65 λ (λ) \cdot d λ}{\overset{780 nm}{\int_{380 nm}} V (λ) \cdot SD 65 λ (λ) \cdot d λ} %$

where

- τ(λ) is the spectral transmittance of the tinted spectacle lens;
- V(λ) is the spectral luminous of function for daylight (see ISO/CIE 10527)
- S_D65λ(λ) the spectral distribution of radiation of CIE standard illuminant D 65 (see ISO/CIE 10526).

In particular

$3.1 > \frac{T_{v}^{deactivated}}{T_{v}^{activated}} > 2.6 .$

As can be seen in FIG. 3, the luminous transmittance T_v^activatedaccording to ISO_13666 is lower than 25% in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound 15 and the luminous transmittance T_v^deactivatedaccording to ISO_13666 is higher than 65% in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound 15.

In the activated state of the photochromic filter compound 15, the transmission of the first spectrum 100 is less than 30%, in particular less than 25%, between 425 nm and 450 nm.

Between 430 nm and 450 nm, in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound 15, the transmission is nearly constant with a transmission value comprises between 20% and 25%, in particular between 20.0% and 22.5%. This part of the spectrum 100 in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound contributes the improvement of circadian perception of the user.

As can be seen in FIG. 3, said first maxima, Max_1_deactivated and Max_1_activated of respective first 100 and the second 102 spectrum are distant less than 5 nm from each other and said first minima, Min_1_deactivated and Min_1_activated, of respective first 100 and the second 102 spectrum and are distant less than 5 nm from each other, in the present example they are at the same wavelength.

In this case:

- (Max_1_deactivated)=486 nm
- (Max_1_activated)=486 nm
- (Min_1_deactivated)=585 nm
- (Min_1_activated)=585 nm

The relationship of the transmission in the activated and deactivated state at the maxima is

$\frac{T_{MAX 1}^{deactivated}}{T_{MAX 1}^{activated}} > 1.5$

where

- T_MAX1^activatedis the transmittance at the wavelength of the first maximum Max_1_activated in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound 15,
- T_MAX1^deactivatedis the transmittance at the wavelength of the first maximum Max_1_deactivated in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound 15.

The relationship of the transmission in the activated and deactivated state at the minima is

$\frac{T_{MIN 1}^{deactivated}}{T_{MIN 1}^{activated}} > 5$

where

- T_MIN1^activatedis the transmittance at the wavelength of the first minimum Min_1_activated in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound 15,
- T_MIN1^deactivatedis the transmittance at the wavelength of the first minimum Min_1_deactivated in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound 15.

In particular, the transmission between 435 nm and 530 nm is equal or higher than 70% for the second transmission spectrum 102 in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound 15.

The first relative minimum Min_1_deactivated has a transmission of 30% or less for the second transmission spectrum 102 in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound 15.

The transmission at a wavelength equal or superior to 610 nm is equal or higher than 80% for the second transmission spectrum 102 in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound 15.

In addition, the second transmission spectrum 102 in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound presents a second relative minimum Min_2_deactivated at 536 nm+/−3 nm with a transmission comprised between 70% and 75%.

The second transmission spectrum 102 in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound 15 presents a second relative maximum Max_2_deactivated at 547 nm+/−3 nm with a transmission comprised between 75% and 80%.

The first relative maximum Max_1_activated of the first transmission spectrum 100 in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound 15 presents a transmission comprised between 40% and 50%.

The first relative minimum MIN_1_activated has a transmission of 10% or less for the first transmission spectrum 100 in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound 15.

The following table shows the measured transmission value in percentage according to the example of FIG. 3.

Transmission (%)
Transmission (%)

in activated
in deactivated

state of the
state of the

Wavelength
photochromic
photochromic

(nm)
compound
compound

780
93.2466
94.9735

779
93.1403
94.9004

778
93.008
94.7934

777
92.8818
94.6911

776
92.8994
94.7519

775
92.9903
94.8859

774
92.9881
94.9165

773
92.8922
94.8385

772
92.7194
94.6966

771
92.6045
94.6295

770
92.6777
94.7556

769
92.6734
94.7991

768
92.65
94.8351

767
92.6299
94.9062

766
92.4974
94.7957

765
92.269
94.6046

764
92.3235
94.7458

763
92.4923
95.021

762
92.5562
95.1687

761
92.2954
94.9428

760
92.044
94.794

759
92.0582
94.9059

758
91.9775
94.9291

757
91.9054
94.9571

756
91.9581
95.1422

755
91.9062
95.2126

754
91.7392
95.1789

753
91.5793
95.1287

752
91.4232
95.1099

751
91.2686
95.1224

750
91.1312
95.1225

749
91.1043
95.2747

748
91.0527
95.3999

747
90.865
95.3799

746
90.6472
95.3656

745
90.3893
95.2972

744
90.141
95.2542

743
89.8557
95.1715

742
89.6243
95.1715

741
89.4816
95.2671

740
89.1957
95.2236

739
88.9002
95.1758

738
88.7242
95.2738

737
88.389
95.2056

736
88.0561
95.1714

735
87.7038
95.1049

734
87.2254
94.924

733
86.8556
94.8724

732
86.4444
94.8044

731
85.9647
94.6586

730
85.5551
94.6151

729
85.1096
94.5394

728
84.6807
94.5249

727
84.2491
94.494

726
83.7465
94.4023

725
83.2788
94.3705

724
82.7864
94.3416

723
82.3172
94.3343

722
81.7895
94.3036

721
81.2493
94.2502

720
80.6974
94.2181

719
80.1192
94.1557

718
79.5229
94.1009

717
78.9727
94.1273

716
78.3634
94.0794

715
77.7233
94.0271

714
77.0486
93.9472

713
76.3988
93.9279

712
75.7626
93.9484

711
75.0524
93.8873

710
74.3504
93.8457

709
73.6753
93.856

708
72.9463
93.8195

707
72.1293
93.6558

706
71.3946
93.6785

705
70.6644
93.6886

704
69.8724
93.6118

703
69.082
93.5403

702
68.2673
93.4953

701
67.4645
93.4487

700
66.6468
93.3981

699
65.84
93.3552

698
64.9877
93.273

697
64.1214
93.135

696
63.3253
93.1643

695
62.5181
93.1414

694
61.7028
93.1176

693
60.8724
93.0549

692
60.0542
93.0283

691
59.1996
92.9267

690
58.3925
92.9099

689
57.5445
92.7871

688
56.7037
92.6952

687
55.8807
92.5879

686
55.052
92.4845

685
54.2314
92.3565

684
53.4501
92.3166

683
52.7201
92.3265

682
51.9905
92.3351

681
51.238
92.2844

680
50.4891
92.2081

679
49.7301
92.0884

678
48.9859
91.9785

677
48.3012
91.9875

676
47.6082
91.9693

675
46.9825
91.9943

674
46.3253
91.9716

673
45.6715
91.9928

672
44.9745
91.7996

671
44.3194
91.7485

670
43.7441
91.7681

669
43.0945
91.7704

668
42.5018
91.7613

667
41.8893
91.694

666
41.2862
91.6367

665
40.667
91.5239

664
40.0895
91.4821

663
39.523
91.4618

662
38.9318
91.3733

661
38.342
91.2852

660
37.7594
91.2132

659
37.2497
91.2697

658
36.7144
91.3021

657
37.7352
95.5069

656
35.3123
89.3696

655
33.4552
86.608

654
34.3453
90.2593

653
33.5324
89.4374

652
33.1266
89.7527

651
32.6654
89.8865

650
32.2244
90.0699

649
31.8078
90.297

648
31.3129
90.3716

647
30.6858
89.8931

646
30.0568
89.4259

645
29.5078
89.2411

644
29.0053
89.2043

643
28.4937
89.1105

642
27.9762
88.8475

641
27.4383
88.7089

640
27.0127
88.649

639
26.5192
88.4977

638
26.0403
88.4314

637
25.6361
88.5638

636
25.2092
88.6164

635
24.8272
88.7974

634
24.398
88.7406

633
23.9766
88.6784

632
23.585
88.6953

631
23.1486
88.4498

630
22.7018
88.0896

629
22.2769
87.8246

628
21.9772
88.0072

627
21.6172
87.8742

626
21.3703
88.1078

625
21.1543
88.4378

624
20.8896
88.5678

623
20.5703
88.3182

622
20.2383
88.0371

621
19.9999
88.1304

620
19.6559
87.5511

619
19.3635
87.2865

618
19.1092
87.1082

617
18.8289
86.7269

616
18.5915
86.5417

615
18.3289
86.1272

614
18.0986
85.8249

613
17.8573
85.3876

612
17.6196
84.9584

611
17.3939
84.5833

610
17.1529
83.8823

609
16.9178
83.3646

608
16.6722
82.6749

607
16.4134
81.8548

606
16.1716
81.0922

605
15.8337
79.8371

604
15.5735
78.9348

603
15.2187
77.4774

602
14.8704
75.9489

601
14.479
74.2559

600
14.0056
72.1113

599
13.5228
69.8303

598
12.9358
67.019

597
12.3261
64.0261

596
11.6668
60.7499

595
10.9341
57.0751

594
10.1699
53.1498

593
9.39978
49.2135

592
8.59399
44.9691

591
7.84657
41.074

590
7.16325
37.4711

589
6.5773
34.3643

588
6.11658
31.9605

587
5.7661
30.0657

586
5.57644
29.0719

585
5.49815
28.6708

584
5.5378
28.8438

583
5.77811
30.0534

582
6.09584
31.6914

581
6.44674
33.5255

580
6.99171
36.2867

579
7.65567
39.7539

578
8.37484
43.4457

577
9.03742
46.8255

576
9.75237
50.4115

575
10.5515
54.4274

574
11.1651
57.3881

573
11.7695
60.2867

572
12.3657
62.9921

571
12.8199
64.9855

570
13.2528
66.7717

569
13.589
68.0415

568
13.9238
69.239

567
14.1861
70.043

566
14.4439
70.7214

565
14.6929
71.3062

564
14.9119
71.697

563
15.1256
72.019

562
15.3652
72.4094

561
15.6121
72.7972

560
15.83
73.0287

559
16.0912
73.4052

558
16.3666
73.7973

557
16.6382
74.122

556
16.948
74.5253

555
17.2135
74.7704

554
17.5224
75.1479

553
17.8249
75.4494

552
18.1274
75.7674

551
18.428
75.9418

550
18.7403
76.1988

549
19.0394
76.4495

548
19.3582
76.6386

547
19.6123
76.6

546
19.9075
76.6528

545
20.1803
76.6276

544
20.4272
76.4807

543
20.6732
76.2999

542
20.8874
76.0193

541
21.0931
75.7094

540
21.2895
75.2589

539
21.4958
74.9367

538
21.6831
74.4895

537
21.9192
74.1608

536
22.23
74.0619

535
22.5798
74.1163

534
23.0373
74.495

533
23.5669
75.046

532
24.221
75.9596

531
24.9263
76.9902

530
25.692
78.111

529
26.4512
79.1675

528
27.1396
79.9849

527
27.8832
80.8781

526
28.5484
81.4946

525
29.2286
82.1414

524
29.8924
82.6697

523
30.5153
83.0543

522
31.1774
83.505

521
31.781
83.7763

520
32.4333
84.1584

519
33.0283
84.3599

518
33.6145
84.5202

517
34.2336
84.7763

516
34.8183
84.8614

515
35.3796
84.9395

514
35.9691
85.0386

513
36.5308
85.074

512
37.0823
85.0552

511
37.6486
85.1211

510
38.1565
85.0269

509
38.7236
85.1021

508
39.1949
84.9787

507
39.768
85.0428

506
40.2729
84.9946

505
40.7736
84.9401

504
41.3436
85.0426

503
41.8371
85.0416

502
42.3834
85.1549

501
42.8838
85.2261

500
43.4622
85.4443

499
43.9754
85.5823

498
44.412
85.61

497
45.0426
86.0341

496
45.4643
86.1046

495
45.9071
86.3074

494
46.3824
86.5805

493
46.7422
86.6966

492
47.0841
86.8386

491
47.3757
86.9919

490
47.6131
87.0533

489
47.7026
86.9687

488
47.4603
86.3328

487
47.9056
86.8965

486
49.1377
89.0397

485
46.9922
85.4329

484
47.492
86.7969

483
46.9971
86.2824

482
46.702
86.244

481
46.2752
86.1585

480
45.7353
85.8991

479
45.1594
85.811

478
44.4863
85.6782

477
43.7205
85.5356

476
42.9819
85.5394

475
42.1288
85.4147

474
41.1964
85.3395

473
40.2189
85.2655

472
39.1428
85.1111

471
38.0505
84.9851

470
36.9279
84.9012

469
35.8238
84.9314

468
34.648
84.7299

467
33.4769
84.6108

466
32.4593
84.7735

465
31.3439
84.6506

464
30.2256
84.5397

463
29.0503
84.1374

462
28.0397
84.0943

461
27.1487
84.069

460
26.3028
83.9931

459
25.4815
83.784

458
24.7742
83.725

457
24.0713
83.3837

456
23.5439
83.3532

455
23.0646
83.1809

454
22.6313
82.8329

453
22.3502
82.7575

452
22.1021
82.5639

451
21.9202
82.3924

450
21.8471
82.2971

449
21.7667
82.0353

448
21.7572
81.8878

447
21.8422
81.9108

446
21.8464
81.6045

445
21.9412
81.5875

444
22.0302
81.5633

443
22.0266
81.199

442
22.1645
81.4436

441
22.1006
80.9778

440
22.0123
80.5808

439
22.0061
80.498

438
21.853
80.0112

437
21.7289
79.6814

436
21.5032
79.089

435
21.2931
78.4845

434
21.1643
78.2007

433
20.7843
76.9986

432
20.4443
75.8755

431
20.2937
75.2441

430
20.0112
74.0771

429
19.5618
72.1249

428
19.2737
70.5192

427
18.8565
68.258

426
18.4499
65.7586

425
18.0282
63.0689

424
17.511
59.8337

423
16.9677
56.438

422
16.4309
53.0154

421
15.7472
49.1441

420
15.0136
45.1449

419
14.2691
41.3208

418
13.484
37.5545

417
12.7209
34.1144

416
11.9644
30.8801

415
11.2075
28.0125

414
10.5074
25.5147

413
9.84363
23.3799

412
9.16792
21.4617

411
8.56908
19.9245

410
8.00441
18.6675

409
7.49069
17.6428

408
6.97007
16.7303

407
6.47531
15.9625

406
6.03532
15.3513

405
5.58862
14.7229

404
5.11882
14.0689

403
4.65214
13.3781

402
4.2175
12.6268

401
3.78012
11.7561

400
3.33214
10.757

399
2.92672
9.75203

398
2.5231
8.62684

397
2.13443
7.42633

396
1.78239
6.26664

395
1.46929
5.1659

394
1.17503
4.16045

393
0.933217
3.32176

392
0.702792
2.57788

391
0.523622
1.97278

390
0.381591
1.51632

389
0.265085
1.14848

388
0.181736
0.876574

387
0.11391
0.680186

386
0.0287124
0.511865

385
0.0118862
0.387643

384
0.0583088
0.283008

383
0.0751995
0.227959

382
0.117482
0.131935

381
0.0824619
0.154592

380
0.0449184
0.285981

Turning to FIG. 4 showing a second example of transmission spectra of the ophthalmic article in FIG. 1 or 2.

The example of FIG. 4 differs from that in FIG. 3, by a slightly different composition of the composition of the solvent dyes.

The ophthalmic article 1 presents a first transmission spectrum 200 in an activated state of the photochromic filter compound 15 and a second transmission spectrum 202 in a deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound 15, such that:

- the first 200 and the second 202 transmission spectrum at wavelengths lower than 380 nm is lower than 1%, in particular 0.03%,
- the first 200 and the second 202 transmission spectrum have a respective relative first maximum, Max_1_deactivated and Max_1_activated, between 460 nm and 510 nm,
- the first 200 and the second 202 transmission spectrum have a respective relative first minimum Min_1_deactivated and Min_1_activated, between 560 nm and 610 nm, and

$\frac{T_{v}^{deactivated}}{T_{v}^{activated}} > 2.5 .$

In this specific example

$\frac{T_{v}^{deactivated}}{T_{v}^{activated}}$

is about 2.96.

As can be seen in FIG. 4, the luminous transmittance T_v^activatedaccording to ISO 13666 is lower than 30%, in particular equal to 26%, in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound 15 and the luminous transmittance T_v^deactivatedaccording to ISO_13666 is higher than 75% in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound 15.

In the activated state of the photochromic filter compound 15, the transmission of the first spectrum 200 is less than 30%, in particular less than 26%, between 425 nm and 450 nm.

Between 430 nm and 450 nm, in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound 15, the transmission is nearly constant with a variation of less than 2% and transmission values in this wavelength range are comprised between 25.4% and 27.4%. This part of the spectrum 200 in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound contributes the improvement of circadian perception of the user.

As can be seen in FIG. 4, said first maxima Max_1_deactivated and Max_1_activated, of respective first 200 and the second 202 spectrum are distant less than 5 nm from each other and said first minima, Min_1_deactivated and Min_1_activated, of respective first 200 and the second 202 spectrum and are distant less than 5 nm from each other, in the present example they are at the same wavelength.

In this case:

- (Max_1_deactivated)=486 nm
- (Max_1_activated)=487 nm
- (Min_1_deactivated)=585 nm
- (Min_1_activated)=585 nm

The relationship of the transmission in the activated and deactivated state at the maxima is

$\frac{T_{MAX 1}^{deactivated}}{T_{MAX 1}^{activated}} > 1.5;$

in this particular case

$\frac{T_{MAX 1}^{deactivated}}{T_{MAX 1}^{activated}} = 1.54 .$

The relationship of the transmission in the activated and deactivated state at the minima is

$\frac{T_{MIN 1}^{deactivated}}{T_{MIN 1}^{activated}} > 3.5;$

in this particular case

$\frac{T_{MIN 1}^{deactivated}}{T_{MIN 1}^{activated}} = 3.55$

In particular, the transmission between 435 nm and 530 nm is equal or higher than 75% for the second transmission spectrum 202 in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound 15.

The first relative minimum Min_1_deactivated has a transmission of 30% or less for the second transmission spectrum 202 in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound 15.

The transmission at a wavelength equal or superior to 610 nm is equal or higher than 75% for the second transmission spectrum 202 in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound 15.

In addition, the second transmission spectrum 202 in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound presents a second relative minimum Min_2_deactivated at 536 nm with a transmission comprised between 65% and 70%. The second transmission spectrum 202 in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound 15 presents a second relative maximum Max_2_deactivated at 547 nm+/−3 nm with a transmission comprised between 70% and 75%.

The first relative maximum Max_1_activated of the first transmission spectrum 200 in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound 15 presents a transmission comprised between 50% and 55%.

The first relative minimum MIN_1_activated has a transmission of 10% or less for the first transmission spectrum 200 in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound 15.

The following table shows the measured transmission value in percentage according to the example of FIG. 4.

Transmission (%)
Transmission (%)

in deactivated
in activated

state of the
state of the

Wavelength
photochromic
photochromic

(nm)
compound
compound

780
90.3826
93.2376

779
90.3324
93.1941

778
90.3359
93.1585

777
90.3521
93.1856

776
90.3652
93.1977

775
90.3713
93.1770

774
90.3540
93.1354

773
90.3542
93.0618

772
90.3071
93.0478

771
90.2739
92.9712

770
90.2832
92.8982

769
90.2256
92.9018

768
90.2497
92.7848

767
90.3152
92.8869

766
90.2606
92.8743

765
90.2231
92.6645

764
90.1927
92.5265

763
90.2237
92.5516

762
90.2003
92.5677

761
90.1389
92.4459

760
90.1082
92.2444

759
90.1309
92.2783

758
90.0792
92.2367

757
90.0463
92.0425

756
90.0355
92.0394

755
90.0419
91.9931

754
90.0101
91.9611

753
90.0394
91.7974

752
90.0135
91.7745

751
89.9865
91.6261

750
89.9353
91.4654

749
89.9433
91.3346

748
89.9186
91.2853

747
89.9112
91.1072

746
89.8792
91.0100

745
89.8569
90.8542

744
89.8674
90.6985

743
89.8282
90.5459

742
89.8398
90.3656

741
89.8528
90.2462

740
89.7735
90.0917

739
89.7997
89.7458

738
89.8238
89.6584

737
89.7577
89.3928

736
89.7700
89.1432

735
89.7417
88.9780

734
89.7257
88.6456

733
89.7241
88.4027

732
89.6880
88.1918

731
89.6799
87.8493

730
89.6331
87.5713

729
89.6133
87.2878

728
89.6101
86.9496

727
89.6054
86.6356

726
89.5607
86.2812

725
89.5415
85.8830

724
89.5304
85.5614

723
89.5164
85.1494

722
89.4954
84.7701

721
89.4732
84.3116

720
89.4349
83.8758

719
89.3882
83.4368

718
89.3594
82.9383

717
89.3528
82.5201

716
89.3069
82.0079

715
89.2755
81.4627

714
89.2559
80.8709

713
89.2131
80.2949

712
89.1676
79.7582

711
89.1236
79.1454

710
89.0893
78.5234

709
89.0465
77.9244

708
88.9986
77.2787

707
88.9401
76.5892

706
88.9114
75.9532

705
88.8706
75.3638

704
88.8439
74.6776

703
88.7790
73.9587

702
88.7257
73.2157

701
88.6753
72.5284

700
88.6167
71.8149

699
88.5868
71.0715

698
88.5287
70.3330

697
88.4848
69.5369

696
88.4226
68.8337

695
88.3663
68.0679

694
88.2837
67.3325

693
88.2363
66.5321

692
88.1715
65.8192

691
88.1187
64.9991

690
88.0590
64.3024

689
88.0182
63.5325

688
87.9288
62.7899

687
87.8412
62.0247

686
87.7962
61.2799

685
87.7348
60.5126

684
87.6570
59.7863

683
87.6005
59.0740

682
87.4847
58.3950

681
87.4441
57.6458

680
87.3794
56.9541

679
87.3145
56.2364

678
87.2206
55.5381

677
87.1534
54.8787

676
87.0640
54.2120

675
87.0071
53.5736

674
86.9315
52.9113

673
86.8351
52.2873

672
86.7701
51.5793

671
86.6677
50.9561

670
86.6059
50.4148

669
86.4623
49.7627

668
86.3768
49.1427

667
86.3146
48.5507

666
86.2393
47.9649

665
86.1551
47.3642

664
86.0540
46.7662

663
85.9529
46.2239

662
85.8630
45.6494

661
85.7939
45.0668

660
85.7149
44.5121

659
85.6365
43.9895

658
85.8930
43.4159

657
86.2472
44.6398

656
86.5526
41.5447

655
86.1154
38.6140

654
85.0701
41.6524

653
85.1219
40.5102

652
84.9794
40.1180

651
84.8491
39.5712

650
84.6957
39.0350

649
84.5917
38.4806

648
84.4855
37.9318

647
84.4862
37.4457

646
84.5371
36.9343

645
84.5669
36.3977

644
84.5194
35.8832

643
84.3677
35.3556

642
84.1681
34.8329

641
84.0728
34.2913

640
84.0075
33.8087

639
83.9105
33.2654

638
83.7576
32.7504

637
83.6875
32.2879

636
83.6414
31.7741

635
83.5275
31.2854

634
83.4399
30.8113

633
83.3869
30.3407

632
83.2862
29.8913

631
83.1256
29.4167

630
82.9117
28.9829

629
82.7950
28.5162

628
82.6890
28.1592

627
82.6088
27.6676

626
82.5464
27.3070

625
82.4189
26.8903

624
81.8850
26.5115

623
81.4390
26.1522

622
81.4072
25.7495

621
81.6423
25.5050

620
81.5944
25.1262

619
81.4958
24.9038

618
81.8514
24.6295

617
81.5187
24.2972

616
81.0575
24.0381

615
80.5512
23.7024

614
80.1857
23.4388

613
79.8181
23.1637

612
79.4405
22.9102

611
79.0472
22.6588

610
78.5882
22.3347

609
78.0294
22.1007

608
77.4437
21.7757

607
76.7753
21.5033

606
76.0547
21.1790

605
75.0777
20.7915

604
74.0449
20.5283

603
72.8747
20.0650

602
71.4074
19.6508

601
69.8155
19.1759

600
67.9558
18.6098

599
65.8808
17.9942

598
63.3438
17.2833

597
60.4620
16.5680

596
57.3142
15.7894

595
53.9998
14.8695

594
50.2967
13.9179

593
46.7917
12.8816

592
42.8798
11.8996

591
39.1014
10.9804

590
35.8127
10.1037

589
32.8674
9.3338

588
30.5884
8.7019

587
28.9562
8.2015

586
27.9064
7.9416

585
27.6213
7.7759

584
27.8781
7.8720

583
28.8355
8.2059

582
30.3548
8.4950

581
32.2846
8.8845

580
34.8274
9.6314

579
37.9290
10.5354

578
41.2649
11.3774

577
44.5591
12.1254

576
47.9069
13.0864

575
51.2933
14.0715

574
54.1961
14.7231

573
56.7491
15.5221

572
59.1123
16.2303

571
61.0034
16.7431

570
62.5820
17.2478

569
63.7690
17.6713

568
64.7341
18.1029

567
65.4774
18.4341

566
66.0512
18.7454

565
66.5372
19.0290

564
66.9375
19.2707

563
67.2409
19.5252

562
67.5779
19.7986

561
67.9382
20.0576

560
68.2131
20.2998

559
68.5259
20.6200

558
68.8641
20.9382

557
69.1830
21.2284

556
69.5775
21.5441

555
69.8629
21.8094

554
70.1603
22.1951

553
70.4675
22.4974

552
70.7333
22.8040

551
70.9445
23.1353

550
71.1209
23.4982

549
71.2799
23.8222

548
71.4677
24.1060

547
71.4985
24.4172

546
71.4740
24.7461

545
71.4784
25.0063

544
71.3882
25.2396

543
71.2346
25.5003

542
70.9969
25.7534

541
70.6996
25.9675

540
70.3827
26.1827

539
70.0742
26.3950

538
69.7566
26.5858

537
69.4776
26.8784

536
69.4221
27.2185

535
69.5847
27.5756

534
69.9618
28.0631

533
70.6068
28.6305

532
71.4302
29.3954

531
72.3978
30.1629

530
73.4224
30.9608

529
74.4070
31.7316

528
75.1894
32.4458

527
75.8947
33.2331

526
76.4357
33.9000

525
76.9131
34.6166

524
77.3633
35.2233

523
77.6550
35.8507

522
77.9000
36.5294

521
78.1665
37.0930

520
78.4528
37.7750

519
78.6226
38.2977

518
78.7283
38.9070

517
78.9544
39.5402

516
79.1476
40.0918

515
79.2356
40.7104

514
79.3528
41.3119

513
79.4813
41.9155

512
79.6112
42.5377

511
79.7992
43.1412

510
79.9061
43.7110

509
80.0736
44.3694

508
80.1945
44.8736

507
80.2991
45.5458

506
80.4788
46.0032

505
80.5413
46.6144

504
80.6573
47.2097

503
80.7954
47.6889

502
80.8781
48.2062

501
80.9196
48.7110

500
81.0284
49.2584

499
81.1248
49.6554

498
81.0783
50.1714

497
81.2904
50.7018

496
81.4043
50.8582

495
81.4412
51.4314

494
81.5800
51.7659

493
81.6564
52.0726

492
81.7146
52.3976

491
81.7663
52.6782

490
81.8153
52.8993

489
81.8151
53.0605

488
81.4512
53.0905

487
81.6271
54.2149

486
83.3659
53.4398

485
82.5312
51.2472

484
81.8505
53.0966

483
81.8595
52.5920

482
81.8793
52.3489

481
81.8892
51.9299

480
81.7693
51.3263

479
81.6862
50.9089

478
81.6416
50.2085

477
81.5038
49.5449

476
81.4832
48.7640

475
81.4381
47.7868

474
81.2778
46.9031

473
81.2208
45.8699

472
81.0151
44.8916

471
80.8737
43.8162

470
80.6974
42.6601

469
80.6229
41.5185

468
80.4893
40.2504

467
80.3304
39.1480

466
80.4111
37.9641

465
80.2829
36.7109

464
80.0814
35.6241

463
79.7952
34.5045

462
79.6029
33.5971

461
79.6140
32.5404

460
79.4781
31.6092

459
79.3613
30.7709

458
79.2425
30.0467

457
79.0401
29.3014

456
78.9426
28.7962

455
78.8727
28.2812

454
78.6345
27.8557

453
78.5617
27.5945

452
78.5448
27.3251

451
78.4179
27.1727

450
78.3450
27.0589

449
78.2706
26.9708

448
78.1261
27.0105

447
78.0621
27.0853

446
77.9740
27.0670

445
77.8155
27.2369

444
77.7574
27.2859

443
77.5720
27.2894

442
77.5169
27.4134

441
77.2940
27.3096

440
76.8361
27.4321

439
76.6580
27.3829

438
76.2469
27.2693

437
75.9036
27.1832

436
75.3884
27.0303

435
74.7818
26.8290

434
74.5167
26.6206

433
73.4590
26.2973

432
72.2814
26.1117

431
71.5265
25.8289

430
70.5429
25.4006

429
68.8646
24.9608

428
67.0000
24.7327

427
64.9240
24.3438

426
62.4915
23.9717

425
59.9892
23.4946

424
57.1099
22.9355

423
53.8836
22.4267

422
50.7057
21.7901

421
47.3370
21.0135

420
43.5717
20.2948

419
39.9514
19.5144

418
36.4952
18.6341

417
33.1414
17.7649

416
30.1455
16.8640

415
27.3816
15.9518

414
24.9574
15.1053

413
22.8785
14.2412

412
21.0754
13.4346

411
19.5171
12.6959

410
18.2939
12.0097

409
17.3224
11.3448

408
16.4650
10.6995

407
15.6855
10.1147

406
15.0879
9.5253

405
14.4987
8.8928

404
13.8707
8.2739

403
13.1831
7.6697

402
12.4013
7.0750

401
11.5276
6.4347

400
10.5936
5.7679

399
9.5509
5.1489

398
8.4592
4.4955

397
7.3020
3.8656

396
6.1274
3.2953

395
5.1116
2.7352

394
4.0828
2.2590

393
3.3241
1.8118

392
2.6255
1.4433

391
2.0145
1.0953

390
1.5627
0.8493

389
1.2144
0.6327

388
0.9387
0.4672

387
0.7175
0.3337

386
0.5776
0.2241

385
0.4430
0.1367

384
0.3042
0.0236

383
0.2719
0.0194

382
0.1745
0.0643

381
0.2547
0.1008

380
0.3819
0.1978

Turning to FIG. 5 showing a third example of transmission spectra of the ophthalmic article in FIG. 1 or 2.

The example of FIG. 5 differs from that in FIG. 4, by a clearer faded (non-activated) state.

The ophthalmic article 1 presents a first transmission spectrum 300 in an activated state of the photochromic filter compound 15 and a second transmission spectrum 302 in a deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound 15, such that:

- the first 300 and the second 302 transmission spectrum at wavelengths lower than 380 nm is lower than 1%, in particular 0.03%,
- the first 300 and the second 302 transmission spectrum have a respective relative first maximum, Max_1_deactivated and Max_1_activated, between 460 nm and 510 nm,
- the first 300 and the second 302 transmission spectrum have a respective relative first minimum Min_1_deactivated and Min_1_activated, between 560 nm and 610 nm, and

$\frac{T_{v}^{deactivated}}{T_{v}^{activated}} > 2.5,$

- - specifically 2.96 in this case.

As can be seen in FIG. 5, the luminous transmittance T_v^activatedaccording to ISO_13666 is lower than 30% in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound 15 and the luminous transmittance T_v^deactivatedaccording to ISO_13666 is higher than 75% in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound 15.

In the activated state of the photochromic filter compound 15, the transmission of the first spectrum 300 is less than 30%, in particular equal or less than 26%, between 425 nm and 450 nm.

Between 435 nm and 450 nm, in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound 15, the transmission is nearly constant with a variation of less than 2%, even less than 1%, and transmission values comprised between 24.67% and

This part of the spectrum 300 in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound contributes the improvement of circadian perception of the user. As can be seen in FIG. 5, said first maxima, Max_1_deactivated and Max_1_activated of respective first 300 and the second 302 spectrum are distant equal to or less than 6 nm from each other and said first minima, Min_1_deactivated and Min_1_activated, of respective first 300 and the second 302 spectrum and are distant less than 5 nm from each other, in the present example they are at the same wavelength.

In this case:

- (Max_1_deactivated)=495 nm
- (Max_1_activated)=489 nm
- (Min_1_deactivated)=585 nm
- (Min_1_activated)=585 nm

The relationship of the transmission in the activated and deactivated state at the maxima is

$\frac{T_{MAX 1}^{dactivated}}{T_{MAX 1}^{activated}} > 1.5;$

in this specific case

$\frac{T_{MAX 1}^{deactivated}}{T_{MAX 1}^{activated}} = 1.64 .$

The relationship of the transmission in the activated and deactivated state at the minima is

$\frac{T_{MIN 1}^{activated}}{T_{MIN 1}^{deactivated}} > 3.5;$

in this specific case

$\frac{T_{MIN 1}^{activated}}{T_{MIN 1}^{deactivated}} = 4.22 .$

In particular, the transmission between 435 nm and 530 nm is equal or higher than 75% for the second transmission spectrum 302 in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound 15.

The first relative minimum Min_1_deactivated has a transmission of 35% or less for the second transmission spectrum 302 in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound 15.

The transmission at a wavelength equal or superior to 610 nm is equal or higher than 80%, in particular 85% for the second transmission spectrum 302 in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound 15.

In addition, the second transmission spectrum 302 in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound presents a second relative minimum Min_2_deactivated at 536 nm+/−3 nm with a transmission comprised between 75% and 80%.

The second transmission spectrum 302 in the deactivated state of the photochromic filter compound 15 presents a second relative maximum Max_2_deactivated at 547 nm+/−3 nm with a transmission comprised between 70% and 85%.

The first relative maximum Max_1_activated of the first transmission spectrum 300 in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound 15 presents a transmission comprised between 50% and 55%.

The first relative minimum MIN_1_activated has a transmission of 10% or less for the first transmission spectrum 300 in the activated state of the photochromic filter compound 15.

The following table shows the measured transmission value in percentage according to the example of FIG. 5.

Transmission (%)
Transmission (%)

in deactivated
in activated

state of the
state of the

Wavelength
photochromic
photochromic

(nm)
compound
compound

780
91.4313
90.9206

779
91.4838
90.9013

778
91.5273
90.9075

777
91.5726
90.9188

776
91.6125
90.9184

775
91.6396
90.9254

774
91.6845
90.9188

773
91.7073
90.9299

772
91.7863
90.9307

771
91.7782
90.9099

770
91.8380
90.9199

769
91.8562
90.9026

768
91.9214
90.8925

767
91.9780
90.9051

766
91.9932
90.8633

765
92.0012
90.8161

764
92.0387
90.7987

763
92.0764
90.7702

762
92.1295
90.7568

761
92.1334
90.7069

760
92.1493
90.6408

759
92.1647
90.5800

758
92.1872
90.5285

757
92.1949
90.4482

756
92.2271
90.3942

755
92.2207
90.3143

754
92.2397
90.2489

753
92.2672
90.1607

752
92.2769
90.0666

751
92.2889
89.9839

750
92.2836
89.8518

749
92.2849
89.7382

748
92.3044
89.6232

747
92.3143
89.4826

746
92.3220
89.3766

745
92.3070
89.2111

744
92.3407
89.0618

743
92.3318
88.8893

742
92.3350
88.7299

741
92.3546
88.5611

740
92.3631
88.3620

739
92.3742
88.1590

738
92.3726
87.9416

737
92.3840
87.7414

736
92.4045
87.5049

735
92.4153
87.2721

734
92.4411
87.0218

733
92.4466
86.7517

732
92.4503
86.4737

731
92.4680
86.2026

730
92.4652
85.8789

729
92.4949
85.5787

728
92.5285
85.2472

727
92.5511
84.9110

726
92.5753
84.5663

725
92.5824
84.2078

724
92.6238
83.8102

723
92.6421
83.4280

722
92.6686
83.0141

721
92.6775
82.6031

720
92.7151
82.1693

719
92.7520
81.7435

718
92.7593
81.2551

717
92.7934
80.7708

716
92.8190
80.2771

715
92.8430
79.7604

714
92.8714
79.2367

713
92.8842
78.7094

712
92.8939
78.1523

711
92.9236
77.5706

710
92.9601
76.9892

709
92.9774
76.3968

708
93.0015
75.7849

707
92.9848
75.1385

706
92.9861
74.5143

705
93.0186
73.8710

704
93.0344
73.2194

703
93.0212
72.5242

702
93.0211
71.8252

701
93.0181
71.1190

700
93.0256
70.4387

699
93.0099
69.6994

698
93.0036
68.9771

697
92.9978
68.2721

696
92.9934
67.5322

695
92.9721
66.7989

694
92.9751
66.0562

693
92.9367
65.3004

692
92.9292
64.5601

691
92.8947
63.8213

690
92.9062
63.0699

689
92.8492
62.3159

688
92.8477
61.5738

687
92.8137
60.8423

686
92.8093
60.1098

685
92.7810
59.3970

684
92.7801
58.6574

683
92.7770
57.9471

682
92.7498
57.2350

681
92.7321
56.5336

680
92.7205
55.8440

679
92.6999
55.1548

678
92.6869
54.4783

677
92.6972
53.8266

676
92.6979
53.1597

675
92.6732
52.5157

674
92.6774
51.8741

673
92.6684
51.2307

672
92.6696
50.6259

671
92.6734
50.0062

670
92.6827
49.4363

669
92.6782
48.8000

668
92.6807
48.2031

667
92.6749
47.6324

666
92.6889
47.0592

665
92.6924
46.4976

664
92.6640
45.9355

663
92.6705
45.3621

662
92.6611
44.8123

661
92.6760
44.2729

660
92.6674
43.7209

659
92.6575
43.1639

658
92.6717
42.6413

657
92.9087
41.9595

656
92.5316
41.6730

655
92.3300
41.0190

654
92.6086
40.5212

653
92.5457
39.9907

652
92.5312
39.4763

651
92.4711
38.9346

650
92.4592
38.4168

649
92.4069
37.8869

648
92.3922
37.3941

647
92.3901
36.8667

646
92.3303
36.3583

645
92.2889
35.8514

644
92.2655
35.3327

643
92.2184
34.8120

642
92.2014
34.2960

641
92.1291
33.7692

640
92.1061
33.2909

639
92.0659
32.7847

638
92.0008
32.2925

637
91.9779
31.7989

636
91.9209
31.3290

635
91.8840
30.8382

634
91.8507
30.3694

633
91.8031
29.9202

632
91.7571
29.4795

631
91.7008
29.0411

630
91.6609
28.6100

629
91.6173
28.1978

628
91.5701
27.7870

627
91.5002
27.3851

626
91.4242
27.0085

625
91.3468
26.6183

624
91.2710
26.2528

623
91.2035
25.8957

622
91.1019
25.5736

621
91.0009
25.2666

620
90.8412
24.9734

619
90.7727
24.7056

618
90.6632
24.4629

617
90.5040
24.1952

616
90.3075
23.9248

615
90.0458
23.6454

614
89.7823
23.3749

613
89.4575
23.1186

612
89.1171
22.8543

611
88.7208
22.5937

610
88.2775
22.3287

609
87.7583
22.0602

608
87.1653
21.7793

607
86.4617
21.4895

606
85.6662
21.1796

605
84.7246
20.8436

604
83.6442
20.4753

603
82.3869
20.0796

602
80.8861
19.6367

601
79.1940
19.1343

600
77.2106
18.5945

599
74.9807
17.9809

598
72.3525
17.2943

597
69.3299
16.5251

596
65.9362
15.6811

595
62.3183
14.7802

594
58.2695
13.7792

593
54.3282
12.8223

592
50.1163
11.8191

591
45.9461
10.8298

590
42.2236
9.9555

589
38.8857
9.1808

588
36.2438
8.5593

587
34.3529
8.1215

586
33.1339
7.8496

585
32.7270
7.7524

584
33.0848
7.8496

583
34.1767
8.1146

582
35.7545
8.4866

581
37.9094
9.0068

580
40.8887
9.7178

579
44.4402
10.5709

578
48.0371
11.4376

577
51.6919
12.3194

576
55.5658
13.2526

575
59.2339
14.1590

574
62.3506
14.9389

573
65.2862
15.6942

572
67.8413
16.3743

571
69.8569
16.9332

570
71.5557
17.4214

569
72.9375
17.8546

568
74.0188
18.2380

567
74.8402
18.5527

566
75.5045
18.8422

565
75.9864
19.1094

564
76.4150
19.3589

563
76.7492
19.6118

562
77.0765
19.8488

561
77.4536
20.1247

560
77.7911
20.3963

559
78.1655
20.7050

558
78.5431
20.9924

557
78.9217
21.3194

556
79.3014
21.6495

555
79.6486
21.9620

554
79.9941
22.3092

553
80.2734
22.6452

552
80.5840
22.9797

551
80.8486
23.3180

550
81.0445
23.6602

549
81.2172
24.0014

548
81.3213
24.3182

547
81.3558
24.6198

546
81.3354
24.9055

545
81.2663
25.2087

544
81.1037
25.4590

543
80.8763
25.7012

542
80.5657
25.9224

541
80.1686
26.1348

540
79.7648
26.3304

539
79.3345
26.5181

538
78.9563
26.7265

537
78.6640
26.9701

536
78.5320
27.2694

535
78.5884
27.6660

534
78.9888
28.1506

533
79.6393
28.7528

532
80.5504
29.4552

531
81.5779
30.2345

530
82.6665
31.0140

529
83.6940
31.8242

528
84.5748
32.5816

527
85.3124
33.3345

526
85.9459
34.0074

525
86.4669
34.6965

524
86.8679
35.3657

523
87.1826
35.9646

522
87.4997
36.6144

521
87.7137
37.2246

520
87.8433
37.8632

519
87.9862
38.4314

518
88.0737
39.0554

517
88.1671
39.5912

516
88.2307
40.1704

515
88.2375
40.7583

514
88.2787
41.3223

513
88.3414
41.8807

512
88.3765
42.4551

511
88.4583
43.0374

510
88.5312
43.5857

509
88.6074
44.1788

508
88.6703
44.7199

507
88.7612
45.2760

506
88.8015
45.8263

505
88.9066
46.3477

504
89.0400
46.8934

503
89.1265
47.4077

502
89.2050
47.8877

501
89.2779
48.4164

500
89.3355
48.8754

499
89.3877
49.3139

498
89.4501
49.7691

497
89.5034
50.2155

496
89.5456
50.5950

495
89.5811
50.9432

494
89.5641
51.2481

493
89.5449
51.5222

492
89.5188
51.7499

491
89.4306
51.8868

490
89.3964
52.0066

489
89.3388
52.0984

488
89.2183
52.0538

487
89.2546
52.0583

486
89.3499
52.1294

485
89.1374
51.8152

484
89.1129
51.5239

483
89.0487
51.1990

482
89.0566
50.8956

481
89.0446
50.4323

480
88.9876
49.9138

479
89.0070
49.3291

478
88.9217
48.6618

477
88.8927
47.9208

476
88.7421
47.0990

475
88.6748
46.2232

474
88.5550
45.2412

473
88.3540
44.2365

472
88.1667
43.1202

471
87.9284
41.9684

470
87.7395
40.7748

469
87.5315
39.5720

468
87.2876
38.3667

467
87.1191
37.1950

466
86.9471
36.0270

465
86.7379
34.8691

464
86.6079
33.7560

463
86.4396
32.6425

462
86.3580
31.6047

461
86.2458
30.7093

460
86.1706
29.8518

459
86.0959
29.0712

458
85.9573
28.3455

457
85.8451
27.7406

456
85.6862
27.1852

455
85.5167
26.7265

454
85.2997
26.3172

453
85.0787
26.0095

452
84.8028
25.7689

451
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83.7169
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422
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421
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420
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419
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418
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415
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413
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411
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410
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396
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One therefore understands that the ophthalmic article as described above allows to wearer a good comfort and protection as well when he is exposed or not to sunlight and enhancing the contrast perception. Protection in the activated state of the photochromic compound 15 allows to decrease significantly bad blue components around 430-435 nm while leaving good blue components (460-530 nm) for circadian rhythm of the wearer.

The ophthalmic article 1 increases in the activated state the retinal exposure to a selected range of wavelengths within the blue-green range. The selected range of wavelengths is the best synchronizer of human non-visual biological functions.

By optimizing retinal light reception in the active state in between 460 nm and 500 nm, the direct stimulation of ipRGC by melanopsin photoreception peaking at 480 nm for humans is induced.

By taking into account the poor spatial density of ipRGC (only 1 to 3% of retinal ganglion cells) compared to that of rod photoreceptors, the probability of absorbing a photon is more than 1 million times lower of a given area of photostimulation. Thus, even if ipRGC phototransduction cascade is highly amplified, ipRGCs seem to receive additional input from a complementary photoreception process involving rods. ipRGCs may be responsive to lower levels of illumination than initially planned, confirming the role of rods. By extending the transmitted spectral range to 460-530 nm, both the direct stimulation of ipRGC and the indirect stimulation by the incoming rod driven signals peaking near 500 nm is induced.

In particular, this specific illumination range in the activated state (spectrum 100) is the most potent stimulus for entraining endogenous rhythms to the daily light cycle with the two photoreceptive processes involved: the melanopsin-driven phototransduction mechanism within the ipRGC itself, peaking near 480 nm and indirect photoreception in rods, peaking near 500 nm.

Therefore, optical devices according to embodiments of the invention may be used in therapy and/or disease prevention.

In particular, ophthalmic articles 1 according to embodiments of the invention may be used in therapy for treatment of subjects suffering from chronobiological disorders such as circadian rhythm sleep disorders (jet lag delayed and advanced sleep phase syndromes), hormonal troubles, cognition and memory disorders, psychomotor disorders, body temperature deregulation, mood disorders, alertness disorders, neurobehavioral troubles. Indeed, the ophthalmic article 1 according to the invention can compensate inadequate lighting conditions (lack of beneficial blue) to help the biological clock to remain synchronized through the good blue/melatonin secretion relationship.

The present invention provides also a method to treat circadian rhythm sleep disorders comprising selectively allowing retinal exposure of an eye to at least one selected range of wavelengths of light in the visible spectrum of 460 nm to 560 nm, preferably of 480 nm to 520 nm.

Additionally or alternatively, optical devices according to embodiments of the invention may be used in therapy to treat seasonal affective disorder (SAD).

Symptoms of this disorder can include fatigue, depression, and changes in appetite and sleep patterns.

The present invention provides also a method to treat seasonal affective disorders comprising selectively allowing retinal exposure of an eye to at least one selected range of wavelengths of light in the visible spectrum of 460 nm to 560 nm, preferably of 480 nm to 520 nm.

The ophthalmic article 1 according to the invention has another beneficial effect on the visual system.

As already indicated, prior art optical devices with solar protection result in an increase of the pupil size.

Advantageously, the retinal exposure to the selected range of wavelengths of light of 460 nm to 530 nm, preferably of 480 nm to 520 nm induces maximal pupil constriction by stimulation of ipRGC.

As a consequence of this pupil constriction, the amount of harmful blue-violet light impinged on the retina decreases as a function of the decrease of the pupil diameter (compared to prior art sunglasses), thus limiting retina exposure to noxious wavelengths. This might be particularly advantageously used for children sunglasses and/or workers who work outside at least a part of the day.

Advantageously, the ophthalmic article 1 according to the invention provides enhanced protection of the eye against harmful wavelengths (UV and/or blue-violet harmful light) while allowing retinal exposure to beneficial blue-green light.

The ophthalmic article 1 of the invention may be configured to enhance the constriction of the pupil of the eye.

In an example, an ophthalmic article 1 according to any embodiment of the invention may be used in controlling and enhancing the pupil constriction wherein the selected range of wavelengths of light is centered on a wavelength of substantially 480 nm.

Pupil constriction is wavelength-dependent and is maximal for a light excitation centered at substantially 480 nm, the melanopsin absorption peak.

The present invention provides also a method to control the constriction of the pupil of an eye comprising selectively allowing retinal exposure of an eye to at least one selected range of wavelengths of light in the visible spectrum of 460 nm to 530 nm, preferably of 480 nm to 520 nm.

The invention further provides a method for selecting an ophthalmic article 1 according to the invention adapted for a wearer.

The method comprises the steps of measuring the effect of different optical devices according to the invention on the diameter of the pupil of the wearer and of selecting the ophthalmic article 1 for which the wearer's pupil diameter is optimized in function of the luminance to have a compromise between visual acuity and chronobiology.

An optical lens with an active system may be used to optimize the wearer's pupil diameter in a large range of situations whether exposed or not to sunlight.

In an exemplary embodiment, the method selects the ophthalmic article 1 for which the wearer's pupil diameter is minimal when wearing the optical device.

Advantageously, the method according to the invention allows providing the ophthalmic article 1 that ensures the greatest protection against harmful wavelengths, i.e. UV and/or blue-violet light.

Furthermore, advantageously, an ophthalmic article 1 according to any embodiment of the invention may be used to improve visual acuity of the wearer wearing sunglasses. The decrease in pupil size which accompanies the ophthalmic article 1 should reduce to some extent the deleterious effects on visual acuity of the optical aberrations and stray light.

Therefore, the ophthalmic article 1 according to the invention enhances the protection against harmful light while preserving the beneficial effects of blue-green part of the sunlight, in particular limiting pupil dilation, maintaining good visual acuity and ensuring the daily blue light intake to maintain good synchronization of biological,

When not exposed, the deactivated state of the photochromic compound ensures high transmission values, in particular a luminous transmission Tv of more than 70%. The wearer does therefore not need to change his sunglasses for example.

In case of driving a car, this is also very important for security, in particular when entering or leaving a tunnel and rapid changing light conditions.

OPHTHALMIC ARTICLE IN PARTICULAR FOR SUNGLASSES

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