Patent Grant
9441616
The present invention relates to an optical condenser that reflects sunlight with a mirror to condense the sunlight onto a predetermined condensed position, a rotational axis setting method therefor, and a heat collection apparatus and a solar power generation apparatus equipped with the optical condenser.
Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-043863, filed Feb. 29, 2012, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
In recent years, apparatuses using heat energy obtained by condensing sunlight onto a predetermined position as environment-friendly clean energy have been briskly developed.
As an optical condenser that condenses sunlight onto a predetermined position, for example, there is an apparatus described in the following PTL 1. This optical condenser includes a mirror and a driving device that turns the mirror around two rotational axes having mutually different orientations. In this optical condenser, one rotational axis of the two rotational axes is set to be parallel to the earth's axis. That is, in this optical condenser, an equatorial telescope type is adopted as the driving device.
[PTL 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 55-96910
In the optical condenser described in the above PTL 1, when the sun is simply tracked, the mirror may be turned around the rotational axis parallel to the earth's axis. However, practically, it is necessary to direct the light from the sun making the diurnal motion to a fixed condensed position. Therefore, in order to respond to the diurnal motion of the sun, it is necessary to turn the mirror around the rotational axis parallel to the earth's axis and also turn the mirror around the remaining rotational axis.
That is, in the optical condenser described in the above PTL 1, it is necessary to turn the mirror around the two rotational axes in order to respond to the diurnal motion of the sun. Therefore, there is a problem that not only does a control system of the driving device become complicated but also the energy consumption for driving the mirror is large.
Thus, an object of the invention is to provide an optical condenser, a rotational axis setting method therefor, and a heat collection apparatus and a solar power generation apparatus equipped with the optical condenser in which a control system of a driving device can be simplified and the energy consumption of the driving device can be suppressed.
An optical condenser related to the invention for solving the above problems is an optical condenser that includes a mirror structure having one or more mirrors and reflects sunlight with the mirrors of the mirror structure to condense the sunlight onto a predetermined condensed position. The optical condenser includes a first driving part that turns the mirrors with a first rotational axis as a center, and a second driving part that turns the mirrors with a second rotational axis perpendicular to the first rotational axis as a center. The first rotational axis is set to be parallel to a central axis of a cone drawn by a track of an optical axis of the mirror structure that directs the light from the sun making a diurnal motion to the condensed position.
The direction of the optical axis of the mirror structure that directs the light from the sun at a certain time to the fixed condensed position is a direction in which an angle formed between an imaginary line connecting the sun and the principal point (a point passing through the optical axis among points on the reflecting surfaces of the mirrors or extending surfaces of the reflecting surfaces) of the mirror structure and an imaginary line connecting the principal point of the mirror structure and the condensed position is bisected. The track of the optical axis accompanying the diurnal motion of the sun draws a side peripheral surface of a certain cone. For this reason, if the first rotational axis is set to be parallel to the central axis of the cone and if the mirror structure is first turned with the second rotational axis as a center so that the sunlight reflected by the mirror structure is radiated to the condensed position, the light of the sun making the diurnal motion can be radiated to the fixed condensed position, basically and simply by turning the mirror structure with the first rotational axis as a center from then.
Hence, in the optical condenser, a control system of the driving device can be simplified, and the energy consumption of the driving device can be suppressed.
Here, in the optical condenser, reflecting surfaces of the one or more mirrors of the mirror structure may form one symmetrical plane of revolution, and a symmetrical axis of revolution of the symmetrical plane of revolution may constitute the optical axis of the mirror structure.
Additionally, the optical condenser may further include an elevation angle changing part that changes an angle of the first rotational axis with respect to a horizontal surface.
In a heat collection apparatus, a plurality of the optical condensers are often provided. In this case, relative positions with respect to condensed positions vary for each of the optical condensers, and it is necessary to change the angle of the first rotational axis with respect to the horizontal surface. Since the optical condenser has the elevation angle changing part, when a plurality of the optical condensers are provided, the angle of the first rotary shaft with respect to the horizontal surface can be changed for each of the optical condensers.
Additionally, in the optical condenser having the elevation angle changing part, an angle range of the mirrors that are turned with the second rotational axis as a center in the second driving part may be within a predetermined angle range on the basis of the first rotational axis, and the elevation angle changing part may change the angle of the first rotational axis with respect to the horizontal surface between a downward state where one side of the first rotational axis is made equal to or lower than the other side on the basis of the second rotational axis and an upward state where the one side is made higher than the other side.
In the optical condenser, even if the angle range of the mirrors that are turned with the second rotational axis as a center is a limited range, an angle range to be used can be included within the angle range of the mirrors that are turned with the second rotational axis as a center.
A heat collection apparatus related to the invention for solving the above problems includes the optical condenser; and a heat receiver that heats a medium by sunlight condensed by the optical condenser.
A solar power generation apparatus related to the invention for solving the above problems includes the optical condenser; a heat receiver that heats a medium from sunlight condensed by the optical condenser; a turbine that is driven by the medium heated by the heat receiver; and a generator that generates electricity through the driving of the turbine.
A rotational axis setting method related to the invention for solving the above problems is a rotational axis setting method in an optical condenser including a mirror structure having one or more mirrors and a driving device that turns the mirror structure around a rotational axis to direct sunlight reflected by the mirrors of the mirror structure to a predetermined condensed position. The rotational axis setting method includes a data acquisition step of acquiring global position data of the mirror structure, global position data of the condensed position, and solar position data based on the position of the mirror structure for each of a plurality of times on a predetermined day in one year; an optical axis vector calculating step of obtaining optical axis vectors indicating a direction of an optical axis of the mirror structure that directs the light from the sun at the plurality of times on the predetermined day to the condensed position for each of the plurality of times; a cone central axis vector calculating step of determining a cone having generatrices along which direction segments of the optical axis vectors for each of the plurality of times extend, and obtaining a cone central axis vector indicating a direction of a central axis of the cone; and a rotational axis setting step of setting the rotational axis to be parallel to the cone central axis vector.
In the setting method, similar to the above optical condenser, if the sunlight reflected by the mirror structure is first made to be radiated to the condensed position, the light of the sun making the diurnal motion can be radiated to the fixed condensed position, basically and simply by turning the mirror structure with one rotational axis as a center from then. Hence, if the rotational axis is set by the setting method, the control of the driving device can be simplified, and the energy consumption of the driving device can be suppressed.
Here, in the rotational axis setting method, the driving device may include a first driving part that turns the mirrors with a first rotational axis as the rotational axis as a center, and a second driving part that turns the mirrors with a second rotational axis perpendicular to the first rotational axis as a center. The setting method may further include a step of changing a turning angle of the mirrors centered on the second rotational axis so as to correspond to a change in an elevation angle of the sun accompanying a diurnal change.
In the setting method, it is possible to respond to a change in the elevation angle of the sun accompanying a seasonal change.
Additionally, in the rotational axis setting method, the rotational axis setting step may include an optical condenser installation step of installing the optical condenser so that the mirror structure is located at a position indicated by the position data of the mirror structure acquired in the data acquisition step and the orientation of the first rotational axis becomes the orientation indicated by the cone central axis vector; and a first rotary shaft angle setting step of setting the first rotational axis so that the angle of the first rotational axis with respect to the horizontal surface becomes the angle of the cone central axis vector with respect to the horizontal surface.
In this case, an angle range of the mirrors that are turned with the second rotational axis as a center in the second driving part may be within a predetermined angle range on the basis of the first rotational axis. In the first rotary shaft angle setting step, the first rotational axis may be set in a state where the predetermined angle range based on the first rotational axis is able to include a predetermined angle range where the mirrors are turned with the second rotational axis as a center, out of a downward state where the angle of one side of the first rotational axis with respect to the horizontal surface on the basis of the second rotational axis becomes the angle of the cone central axis vector with respect to the horizontal surface and the one side of the first rotational axis is made equal to or lower than the other side, and an upward state where the angle of the other side of the first rotational axis with respect to the horizontal surface becomes the angle of the cone central axis vector with respect to the horizontal surface and the one side of the first rotational axis is made higher than the other side. In the optical condenser installation step, the optical condenser may be installed so that the orientation of the one side of the first rotational axis with respect to the other side when the first rotational axis is set to the downward state in the first rotary shaft angle setting step, and the orientation of the one side of the first rotational axis with respect to the other side when the first rotational axis is set to the upward state become reverse orientations.
In the setting method, even if the angle range of the mirrors that are turned with the second rotational axis as a center is a limited range, an angle range to be used can be included within the angle range of the mirrors that are turned with the second rotational axis as a center.
Additionally, an optical condenser related to the invention is an optical condenser that includes a mirror structure having one or more mirrors and reflects sunlight with the mirrors of the mirror structure to condense the sunlight onto a predetermined condensed position. The optical condenser includes a first driving part that turns the mirrors with a first rotational axis as a center, a second driving part that turns the mirrors with a second rotational axis perpendicular to the first rotational axis as a center, and an elevation angle changing part that changes an angle of the first rotational axis with respect to the horizontal surface. An angle range of the mirrors that are turned with the second rotational axis as a center in the second driving part is within a predetermined angle range on the basis of the first rotational axis. The elevation angle changing part changes the angle of the first rotational axis between a downward state where one side of the first rotational axis is made equal to or lower than the other side on the basis of the second rotational axis and an upward state where the one side is made higher than the other side.
In the optical condenser, even if the angle range of the mirrors that are turned with the second rotational axis as a center is a limited range, an angle range to be used can be included within the angle range of the mirrors that are turned with the second rotational axis as a center.
In the invention, if the sunlight reflected by the mirror structure is first made to be radiated to the condensed position, the light of the sun making the diurnal motion can be radiated to the fixed condensed position, basically and simply by turning the mirror structure with one rotational axis as a center from then.
Hence, according to the invention, the control system of the driving device can be simplified, and the energy consumption of the driving device can be suppressed.
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a heat collection apparatus equipped with an optical condenser related to the invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
A heat collection apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, as shown in
the heat receiver 10 has a heat receiving part 11 to which sunlight is radiated, and a casing 12 that covers the heat receiving part 11. A working fluid, such as water or air, is supplied into the heat receiving part 11, and the working fluid is heated with the heat from the sunlight. When the working fluid is air, the heat collection apparatus 1 can constitute a solar power generation apparatus by further including a gas turbine that is driven with heated air and a generator that generates electricity with the driving of the gas turbine. In addition, in this example, the heat energy from the heat receiver 10 is utilized for generation of electrical energy, this heat energy may be utilized for generation of steam, and this steam may be utilized for generation of electrical energy.
As shown in
The tower facility 20, as shown in
The heliostat 30, as shown in
The mirror structure 31, as shown in
The two mirrors 32, as shown in
As mentioned above, the back reinforcing plates 33 are adhered to the whole back faces of the two mirrors 32, respectively. The back reinforcing plate 33 is formed of a thin steel plate, a thin aluminum alloy plate, a resin plate, or the like, and is molded so as to form a concavo-convex shape in its thickness direction. The back reinforcing plate 33 is adhered to the back face of the mirror 32 via an adhesive at top portions of convex portions of the concavo-convex shape. It is preferable that the adhesive that adheres at least portions between the mirror 32 and the back reinforcing plate 33 to each other be, for example, an elastic silicon-based or denatured silicon-based adhesive having elasticity, in order to absorb a thermal expansion difference caused by a difference between the coefficient of thermal expansion of the mirror 32 and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the back reinforcing plate 33. Meanwhile, in the back reinforcing plate 33, a supporting frame 35 is joined to portions that are relatively recessed with respect to the convex portions by welding or adhesion.
The supporting frame 35 has a plurality of supporting beam members 36, and a connecting member 37 that connects the plurality of supporting beam members 36 to each other. The cross-sectional shape of the supporting beam member 36 is a groove type or an angular pipe type. The plurality of supporting beam members 36 are joined to the back reinforcing plate 33 so that the longitudinal direction thereof faces a radiation direction from the optical axis Ao of the mirror structure 31. Specifically, in the present embodiment, two supporting beam members 36 are provided with respect to one back reinforcing plate 33. One end portion of each supporting beam member 36 is directed to an optical axis Ao side, the other end portion thereof is directed to a corner side of the back reinforcing plate 33, that is, a corner side of the mirror 32, and two supporting beam members 36 are provided at the back reinforcing plate 33 so as to form a V-shape. In addition, here, two supporting beam members 36 are provided with respect to one back reinforcing plate 33, that is, one mirror 32. However, three or more supporting beam members may be provided from a viewpoint of strength.
The connecting member 37 has a connecting beam 38 that connects two supporting beam members 36 of one back reinforcing plate 33 to each other, a columnar shaft 42 that connects the connecting beam 38 on one back reinforcing plate 33 side and the connecting beam 38 on the other back reinforcing plate 33 side to each other, a T-shaped pipe 54 through which the shaft 42 is inserted, an arm plate 39a that has one end portion fixed to the connecting beam 38 and extends along the edge of the back reinforcing plate 33, and a spacing holding rod 39b that connects an end portion of the arm plate 39a on one back reinforcing plate 33 side and an end portion of the arm plate 39a on the other back reinforcing plate 33 side to each other.
A central axis of the shaft 42 that connects the connecting beams 38 to each other, as shown in
Each arm plate 39a, as shown in
In the present embodiment, as mentioned above, the shaft of the connecting member 37 forms the second rotary shaft 42, and the central axis of the shaft forms the second rotational axis A2. Additionally, the first rotational axis A1 orthogonal to the second rotational axis A2, as shown in
The driving device 40, as shown in
The second driving part 41 has the aforementioned second rotary shaft 42 having the second rotational axis A2 as a central axis, the aforementioned bearing 43 (
The second drive mechanism 45 includes a second linear actuator 46. The second linear actuator 46 has a rod cover 46a, and a rod 46b that is linearly driven with respect to the rod cover 46a. The second linear actuator 46 is arranged so that the linear direction of the rod 46b becomes perpendicular to the second rotational axis A2 at a position apart in a radiation direction from the second rotary shaft 42. A tip portion of the rod 46b is pin-connected to a receiving seat 57 provided at the mirror structure 31. The receiving seat 57 is provided at a position apart in the radiation direction from the second rotational axis A2, on the back face of one back reinforcing plate 33 of the mirror structure 31.
The first driving part 51 has a first rotary shaft 52 that is orthogonal to the second rotational axis A2 and has the first rotational axis A1 passing through the principal point Q1 as a central axis, two bearings 55 and 56 that rotatably support the first rotary shaft 52 with the first rotational axis A1 as a center, and a first drive mechanism 60 that turns the respective mirrors 32 around the first rotational axis A1.
The first rotary shaft 52 has a first rotary shaft body 53 that has the first rotational axis A1 as a central axis, and the T-shaped pipe 54 that is a portion of the connecting member 37 in the mirror structure 31. The second rotary shaft 42 enters the portion 54a equivalent to the horizontal line of the T-shaped pipe 54 as mentioned above with reference to
In this way, in the present embodiment, the shaft 42 and the T-shaped pipe 54 of the connecting member 37 that are constituent elements of the mirror structure 31 are also constituent elements of the driving device 40.
One side of the first rotary shaft body 53, that is, a position distant from the T-shaped pipe 54, is supported by a rear bearing 56 that is one of the aforementioned two bearings 55 and 56. Additionally, the other side of the first rotary shaft body 53, that is, a position near the T-shaped pipe 54, is supported by a front bearing 55 that is the remaining one of the aforementioned two bearings 55 and 56. Both the front bearing 55 and the rear bearing 56 are attached to the supporting base 80 or a member extending from the supporting base 80, as will be described below.
A second actuator supporting beam 58 is provided at an end farther than the rear bearing 56, on one side of the first rotary shaft body 53. The rod cover 46a of the second linear actuator 46 is pin-connected to the end portion of the second actuator supporting beam 58. For this reason, in the second linear actuator 46, the second linear actuator 46 is also integrally turned with the first rotational axis A1 as a center together with the first rotary shaft 52 if the first rotary shaft 52 rotates with the first rotational axis A1 as a center.
Here, the operation of the second driving part 41 will be described.
As mentioned above, the second linear actuator 46 is arranged so that the linear direction of the rod 46b becomes perpendicular to the second rotational axis A2 at a position apart in the radiation direction from the second rotational axis A2. For this reason, if the rod 46b is linearly driven, the mirror structure 31 connected to the tip portion of the rod 46b is turned around the second rotational axis A2. In this case, the second rotary shaft 42 of the second driving part 41 rotates around the second rotational axis A2.
In addition, in the case of the present embodiment, the mirror structure 31 is turned with the second rotational axis A2 as a center by the second linear actuator 46 attached to the first rotary shaft 52. Therefore, the turning angle range of the mirror structure 31 around the second rotational axis A2, in other words, the rotational angle range of the second rotary shaft 42, is an angle range based on the first rotary shaft 52, and is less than 180°. Specifically, the rotational angle range of the second rotary shaft 42 of the present embodiment, for example as shown in
The first driving part 51 will be described again. The first drive mechanism 60 of the first driving part 51, as shown in
The four-link mechanism 62 has a first link piece 63, a second link piece 64, a third link piece 65, and a fourth link piece 66 that are connected to each other. A first end portion 63a of the first link piece 63 is fixed to the rear bearing 56, and a first end portion 64a of the second link piece 64 is relatively rotatably connected to the second end portion 63b of the first link piece 63 by a pin. Additionally, a first end portion 65a of the third link piece 65 is relatively rotatably connected to a second end portion 64b of the second link piece 64 by a pin, a first end portion 66a of the fourth link piece 66 is relatively rotatably connected to a second end portion 65b of the third link piece 65 by a pin, and a second end portion 66b of the fourth link piece 66 is fixed to the first rotary shaft 52.
The first linear actuator 61 has a rod cover 61a, and a rod 61b that is linearly driven with respect to the rod cover 61a. The rear bearing 56 is provided with a first actuator supporting beam 67 that extends in the radiation direction with respect to the first rotational axis A1. The rod cover 61a of the first linear actuator 61 is relatively rotatably connected to an end portion of the first actuator supporting beam 67 by a pin.
The second link piece 64 is bent in an L shape, and an intermediate portion between the first end portion 64a and the second end portion 64b of the second link piece 64 is farther from the first rotary shaft 52 than a line segment connecting the first end portion 64a and the second end portion 64b. The distance from the first end portion 66a to the second end portion 66b in the fourth link piece 66, that is, the link length of the fourth link piece 66, is shorter than the distance from the first end portion 64a to the second end portion 64b in the second link piece 64, that is, the link length of the second link piece 64.
Here, the operation of the first driving part 51 will be described.
As shown in
The third link piece 65 connected to the second link piece 64 is moved slightly in the clockwise direction by the rocking of the second link piece 64. If the third link piece 65 is moved slightly in the clockwise direction, the first end portion 66a of the fourth link piece 66 is displaced in the clockwise direction with the movement of the third link piece 65. As a result, the first rotary shaft 52 fixed to the second end portion 66b of the fourth link piece 66 rotates in the clockwise direction around the first rotational axis A1.
If the rod 61b of the first linear actuator 61 is further linearly driven in the direction in which the rod is retracted into the rod cover 61a, from the state shown in
If the rod 61b of the first linear actuator 61 is linearly driven in a direction in which the rod is protruded from the rod cover 61a, from the state shown in
If the rod 61b of the first linear actuator 61 is further linearly driven in the direction in which the rod is protruded from the rod cover 61a, from the state shown in
As described above, in the present embodiment, the first rotary shaft 52 can be rotated within an angle range of ±90, that is, the angle range of 180°.
Incidentally, in the present embodiment, if a state where the rotational angle of the first rotary shaft 52 shown in
Additionally, the fourth link piece 66 inclines at 90° from the reference state when the rotational angle of the first rotary shaft 52 shown in
That is, in the present embodiment, if the second link piece 64 is turned by the first linear actuator 61, the fourth link piece 66 is turned at an angle of twice as much as the turning angle of the second link piece 64. As shown in
Accordingly, in the present embodiment, even if the second link piece 64 is slightly turned by the linear driving of the first linear actuator 61, the fourth link piece 66 can be relatively largely turned, and the rotational angle of the first rotary shaft 52 can be increased. Hence, in the present embodiment, the rotational angle range of the first rotary shaft 52 can be widened.
Additionally, in the present embodiment, as mentioned above, the second link piece 64 is bent in an L shape so that the intermediate portion between the first end portion 64a and the second end portion 64b of the second link piece 64 is farther from the first rotary shaft 52 than the line segment connecting the first end portion 64a and the second end portion 64b. For this reason, in the present embodiment, contact with the first rotary shaft 52 can be avoided, and the turning angle range of the second link piece 64 can be widened. Hence, in the present embodiment, the rotational angle range of the first rotary shaft 52 can also be widened from this viewpoint. Additionally, in the present embodiment, the relationship between axial force and torque and the relationship between a stroke and a rotational angle can be predetermined relationships of one-to-one correspondence.
As described above, in the present embodiment, the first rotary shaft 52 is rotated not by rotating the first rotary shaft 52 with a rotary motor, but by turning a link piece connected to the first rotary shaft 52 with the first linear actuator 61. Thus, an increase in the weight of a rotational driving source of the first rotary shaft 52 can be suppressed while ensuring a large rotary torque. Moreover, in the present embodiment, the first rotary shaft 52 is rotated by turning the link piece with the first linear actuator 61. However, as mentioned above, the rotational angle range of the first rotary shaft 52 can be widened by configuring a special link mechanism.
The supporting base 80, as shown in
The post 82 forms a rotary body shape that is formed by rotating an isosceles trapezoid around a central axis of this isosceles trapezoid, that is, forms a truncated cone shape, and a portion equivalent to the bottom of the truncated cone forms the bottom of the post 82. The ribs are provided from a lower end of the post 82 to an upper end thereof along the generatrices of the post 82.
The shaft supporting base 85 has a pair of arm plates 86 that face each other at a distance from each other, and a connecting plate 87 that connects both end portions of the pair of arm plates 86 to each other. The connecting plate 87 of the shaft supporting base 85 is fixed to the post 82. Additionally, as shown in
One end portion of a turnbuckle 71 (
The turnbuckle 71 serves to rotate the trunk frame to change the mutual spacing between both the screw rods 73a and 73b to thereby change the angle of the first rotary shaft 52 at a target angle with respect to the horizontal surface while maintaining this angle. Accordingly, in the present embodiment, the elevation angle changing part 70 is constituted by the turnbuckle 71, the elevation angle changing shaft 88 provided at the rear bearing 56, and the shaft supporting base 85 that supports the elevation angle changing shaft 88. In addition, here, the turnbuckle 71 is used for the elevation angle changing part 70 that changes the angle of the first rotary shaft 52 with respect to the horizontal surface. However, the invention is not limited to the turnbuckle 71. For example, those having a linear actuator, a rack and pinion mechanism that converts a rotational motion into a rectilinear motion, and a rotary motor that rotates the pinion of the mechanism may be used.
Incidentally, in the present embodiment, as mentioned above with reference to
In this way, in the present embodiment, the principal point Q1 of the mirror structure 31 is not moved even if the mirror structure 31 is turned around the first rotational axis A1 or is turned around the second rotational axis A2. Therefore, the relative position between the principal point Q1 of the mirror structure 31 and the heat receiving part 11 (heat collection position) of the heat receiver 10 does not change, either.
Hence, in the present embodiment, if the optical axis Ao of the mirror structure 31 is directed to a direction in which an angle formed between an imaginary line connecting the sun at that time and the principal point Q1 of the mirror structure 31 and an imaginary line connecting the principal point Q1 of the mirror structure and a condensed position is bisected, the sunlight reflected by the mirror 32 of the mirror structure 31 can precisely continue being radiated to the heat receiving part 11 of the heat receiver 10.
Additionally, a gravity center Q2 of the mirror structure 31 described above is present at a position slightly shifted from the principal point Q1 of the mirror structure 31 to the supporting beam member 36 side on the basis of the mirror 32, on the optical axis Ao of the mirror structure 31. It should be noted herein that the gravity center Q2 is present within an intersecting portion between the first rotary shaft 52 and the second rotary shaft 42. For this reason, in the present embodiment, even if the mirror structure 31 is turned around the first rotational axis A1 or is turned around the second rotational axis A2, the position of the gravity center Q2 hardly moves, and the moment to turn the mirror structure 31 itself around the first rotational axis A1 or the second rotational axis A2 is hardly produced due to the weight of the mirror structure 31 itself.
Accordingly, in the present embodiment, the driving force for turning the mirror structure 31 can be made small, and even if the rigidity of the first rotary shaft 52 or the second rotary shaft 42, and the rigidity of a supporting structure including bearings that rotatably supports the rotary shafts 52 and 42, or the like are slightly small, the mirror structure 31 can be stably supported.
In this way, in the present embodiment, since the rigidity of the first rotary shaft 52 or the second rotary shaft 42 can be made small, it is also possible to attain miniaturization and weight reduction of these shafts.
Moreover, the gravity center Q2 of the mirror structure 31 of the present embodiment is present on the post 82 that is a main constituent member of the supporting base 80. More precisely, the gravity center is present on an upper surface of the truncated cone-shaped post 82. For this reason, in the present embodiment, even if the mirror structure 31 is turned around each rotational axe A1 or A2, there is almost no overturning moment applied to the base plate 81 side of the post 82 caused by the weight of the mirror structure 31.
Hence, in the present embodiment, miniaturization and weight reduction of the supporting base 80 can be realized. In addition, here, the miniaturization of the supporting base 80 includes making the diameter of the post 82 constituting the supporting base 80 small without making the height of the supporting base 80 low, making the thickness or width of the ribs 83 small, or omitting the ribs 83.
Additionally, in the present embodiment, the first linear actuator 61 and the four-link mechanism 62 as a driving source that rotates the first rotary shaft 52 are greatly apart from the intersection point Q1 between the first rotational axis A1 and the second rotational axis A2. Specifically, the distance from the intersection point Q1 to the first linear actuator 61 and the four-link mechanism 62 is much greater than the distance from the intersection point Q1 to the front bearing 55 that rotatably supports the first rotary shaft 52. Moreover, the second linear actuator 46 as a driving source that rotates the second rotary shaft 42 is also greatly apart from the intersection point Q1 between the first rotational axis A1 and the second rotational axis A2. Specifically, the distance from the intersection point Q1 to the second linear actuator 46 is much greater than the distance from the intersection point Q1 to the bearing 43 that rotatably supports the second rotary shaft 42. That is, in the present embodiment, the first linear actuator 61 and the four-link mechanism 62, and the second linear actuator 46 are greatly apart from the intersection point Q1 between the first rotary shaft 52 and the second rotary shaft 42.
Hence, in the present embodiment, the respective actuators 61 and 46 as driving sources are not present in the vicinity of the intersection point Q1. Therefore, the mutual distance of the two mirrors 32 where the intersection point Q1 is located at the midpoint can be made small, and the moment applied to the intersection point Q1 between the first rotational axis A1 and the second rotational axis A2 when wind load is received can be made small.
Next, a setting method of the respective rotational axes A1 and A2 of the heliostats 30 described above will be described.
In an astronomical telescope, an equatorial telescope is used in order to facilitate tracking of stars, the sun, or the like. This equatorial telescope has a right-ascension axis set parallel to the earth's axis, and a declination axis perpendicular to this right-ascension axis. In this equatorial telescope, if the astronomical telescope is turned around the right-ascension axis and the declination axis and the optical axis of the astronomical telescope are first directed to a target celestial body, it is then possible to respond to the diurnal motion of the celestial body simply by turning the astronomical telescope around the right-ascension axis.
Accordingly, even in a heliostat, if a driving device of a mirror structure has two rotary shafts orthogonal to each other, the sun that makes a diurnal motion can be tracked by setting one rotary shaft to be parallel to the earth's axis and turning the mirror structure with the rotary shaft as a center. However, the heliostat needs to reflect the light from the sun that makes the diurnal motion to radiate this light to the fixed heat receiver 10. For this reason, even if one rotary shaft of the two orthogonal rotary shafts is set parallel to the earth's axis similar to the astronomical telescope, if the mirror structure is not turned around the two rotary shafts, the light from the sun that makes the diurnal motion cannot be radiated to the fixed heat receiver.
Thus, in the following, a rotational axis setting method that can turn the mirror structure, basically, with one rotary shaft as a center to radiate the light from the sun making the diurnal motion to the fixed heat receiver 10 will be described according to the flowchart shown in
First, as shown in
The mirror structure 31 and the condensed position data are global coordinate data, that is, data shown by the latitude and the longitude. In addition, although the position data of the mirror structure 31 is precisely the position data of the principal point Q1 that is a fixed point of the mirror structure 31, since precise data is not required so much here, it is sufficient if data on positions where the heliostats 30 are installed is provided.
The solar position data based on the position of the mirror structure 31 is data shown by the azimuth of the sun Ps from the position of the mirror structure 31, and the elevation angle of the sun Ps. Additionally, the predetermined day in one year is, for example, the day of the spring equinox or the autumn equinox, or the like. Additionally, the number of the solar position data is a number that can specify the track of the sun Ps on the predetermined day, specifically, three or more.
Next, the optical axis vectors Vo indicating the direction of the optical axis Ao of the mirror structure 31 that directs the light from the sun Ps at a plurality of times on the predetermined day to the condensed position Pc are obtained for each of the plurality of times (S2). The direction of the optical axis Ao of the mirror structure 31 that directs the light from the sun Ps at a certain time to the condensed position Pc is a direction in which an angle formed between an imaginary line L1 connecting the sun Ps and the principal point Q1 of the mirror structure 31 and an imaginary line L2 connecting the principal point Q1 of the mirror structure and the condensed position Pc is bisected. In the present embodiment, a unit vector that faces this direction is defined as an optical axis vector Vo.
The track of direction segments indicated by the optical axis vectors Vo accompanying the diurnal motion of the sun Ps draws a side peripheral surface of a certain cone. That is, the track of the optical axis Ao of the mirror structure 31 that directs the light from the sun Ps making the diurnal motion to the condensed position Pc draws a side peripheral surface of a cone. Thus, next, a cone C having generatrices along which the direction segments indicated by the optical axis vectors Vo for each of the plurality of times extend is determined, and a cone central axis vector Va indicating the direction of a central axis of the cone C is obtained (S3). In addition, this cone central axis vector Va is also a unit vector.
Then, the first rotational axis A1 of the heliostat is directed to the direction indicated by the cone central axis vector Va (S4). If the direction of the first rotational axis A1 is made to coincide with the direction of the cone central axis vector Va in this way, and if the mirror structure 31 is first turned around the second rotational axis A2 so that the sunlight reflected by the mirror structure 31 is radiated to the condensed position Pc, basically, the mirror structure 31 is simply turned around the first rotational axis A1 from then, whereby the track of the direction segments indicated by the actual optical axis vectors Vo accompanying the diurnal motion of the sun Ps forms the side peripheral surface of the cone C determined in Step 3. That is, in the present embodiment, the light of the sun Ps making the diurnal motion can be radiated to the fixed condensed position Pc by causing the direction of the first rotational axis A1 to coincide with the direction of the cone central axis vector Va to thereby basically and simply turn the mirror structure 31 around the first rotational axis A1.
Here, as mentioned above, the plurality of heliostats 30 are installed in an installation region of the heat collection apparatus. Naturally, relative positions with respect to the heat receiver 10 for each of the plurality of heliostats 30 vary. For this reason, the angles of the first rotational axes A1 with respect to the horizontal surface in the plurality of heliostats 30 vary as shown in
For this reason, in Step 4, first, the mirror structures 31 are located at positions indicated by the position data of the mirror structure 31 acquired in Step 1, and the heliostats 30 are installed so that the orientations of the first rotational axes A1 become orientations indicated by the cone central axis vector Va (S5).
Next, the first rotational axis A1 is set so that the angle of the first rotational axis A1 with respect to the horizontal surface becomes the angle of the cone central axis vector Va with respect to the horizontal surface (S6). In this case, the angle of the first rotary shaft 52 with respect to the horizontal surface is set by operating the turnbuckle 71 of the elevation angle changing part 70.
Incidentally, in the present embodiment, the rotational angle range of the second rotary shaft 42, as mentioned above, is such that the optical axis Ao perpendicular to the second rotational axis A2 is 90° that is 90° to 180° on the basis of the first rotary shaft 52. For this reason, for example, as shown in
Meanwhile, when the angle of the optical axis Ao in the counterclockwise direction with respect to the horizontal surface H at which the sunlight can be radiated to the condensed position Pc is within a range of 0° to 70°, the following processing is performed in a heliostat installation step (S5) and a first rotary shaft angle setting step (S6).
In the heliostat installation step (S5), as shown in
Then, in the first rotary shaft angle setting step (S6), an upward state where the one side A1a of the first rotational axis A1 is made higher than the other side A1b and the angle of the first rotational axis A1 in the counterclockwise direction with respect to the horizontal surface H is made to be 340° (−20°) is set. That is, the one side A1a of the first rotational axis A1 is made higher than the other side A1b, and the angle of the other side A1b of the first rotational axis A1 with respect to the horizontal surface H is set to the angle of the one side A1a of the first rotational axis A1 with respect to the horizontal surface H in the downward state.
As described above, if the heliostat 30 is installed and the direction of the first rotational axis A1 is set, the orientation of the optical axis Ao can be changed within a range Rr of −20° to 70° in the counterclockwise direction with respect to the horizontal surface H by rotating the second rotary shaft 42.
In addition, as mentioned above, when the angle of the first rotary shaft 52 with respect to the horizontal surface is changed, it is possible to respond to this change by rotating the trunk frame 72 of the turnbuckle 71 to change the mutual spacing between both the screw rods 73a and 73b. Additionally, when the change range of the angle of the first rotary shaft 52 with respect to the horizontal surface is changed, it is possible to respond to this change by using different lengths of both the screw rods 73a and 73b themselves of the turnbuckle 71.
As described above, in the driving device 40 of the present embodiment, the rotational angle range of the second rotary shaft 42 is within a predetermined range on the basis of the first rotational axis A1. However, by causing the orientation of the one side A1a with respect to the other side A1b of the first rotational axis A1 to be a reverse orientation and by properly selecting whether the first rotational axis A1 is brought into the downward state or brought into the upward state, the rotational angle range of the use schedule of the second rotational axis A2 can be included within a rotational angle range to be used, of the second rotational axis A2 after the installation of the heliostat 30.
From the above, the installation of the heliostat 30 and the setting of the first rotational axis A1 are ended.
In order to radiate the sunlight to the condensed position Pc with the mirrors 32 of the heliostat 30 after the end of the installation of the heliostat 30 and the end of the setting of the first rotational axis A1, the second rotary shaft 42 is rotated so that the sunlight reflected by the mirror structure 31 is radiated to the condensed position Pc, in other words, the second rotary shaft 42 is rotated to turn the mirror structure 31 around the second rotational axis A2. In this way, if the sunlight reflected by the mirror structure 31 is made to be radiated to the condensed position Pc, as mentioned above, the light of the sun making the diurnal motion can be radiated to the fixed condensed position Pc basically and simply by turning the mirror structure 31 around the first rotational axis A1 from then.
Accordingly, in the present embodiment, a control system of the driving device 40 can be simplified, and the energy consumption thereof can be suppressed.
The elevation angle of the sun changes even at the same time of one day if the season changes. If the elevation angle of the sun changes with this seasonal change, the optical axis vector Vo at the same time of one day also changes. As a result, the cone C determined at the time of the setting of the first rotational axis A1 also changes with the seasonal change. However, the change of the cone C accompanying the seasonal change is confined to a change in the diameter of a bottom surface of the cone C, and there is no change in the direction of a central axis of the cone C. For this reason, in the present embodiment, in order to respond to the change in the elevation angle of the sun accompanying the seasonal change, the rotational angle of the second rotational axis A2 is changed, in other words, the turning angle of the mirror 32 centered on the second rotary shaft 42 is changed.
Specifically, as shown in
Additionally, in the above embodiment, the first rotational axis A1 and the second rotational axis A2 are orthogonal to each other, and the principal point Q1 of the mirror structure 31 is located on the intersection point between the first rotational axis A1 and the second rotational axis A2. However, if the first driving part that turns the mirrors with the first rotational axis A1 as a center and the second driving part that turns the mirrors with the second rotational axis perpendicular to the first rotational axis as a center are provided, in any type of driving device, the light of the sun making the diurnal motion can be radiated to the fixed condensed position by executing the above rotational axis setting method to thereby basically and simply turn the mirror structure around the first rotational axis.
Additionally, although the mirror structure 31 having the two mirrors 32 is illustrated in the above embodiment, the invention is not limited to this and can be applied to a mirror structure having one mirror, and a mirror structure having three or more mirrors. Additionally, although the mirror structure 31 having the oblong plate-shaped mirror 32 is illustrated in the above embodiment, the invention is not limited to this, and a mirror structure 31A having a mirror 32A with other shapes, for example, a semicircular plate shape as shown in
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012-043863 | Feb 2012 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2013/054724 | 2/25/2013 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013/012929 | 9/6/2013 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4264145 | Urruela | Apr 1981 | A |
| 4435043 | Mertens et al. | Mar 1984 | A |
| 20040004175 | Nakamura | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20090217921 | Gilon | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20100195227 | Green | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20140116419 | Hernandez | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140345277 | Dang | Nov 2014 | A1 |
| 20150000278 | Furutani | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| 20150007566 | Furutani | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| 20150090251 | Magaldi | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2390747 | Nov 2011 | EP |
| 52-084753 | Jul 1977 | JP |
| 53-4947 | Jan 1978 | JP |
| 55-41498 | Mar 1980 | JP |
| 55-096910 | Jul 1980 | JP |
| 58-35359 | Mar 1983 | JP |
| 2001-289734 | Oct 2001 | JP |
| 2002-195824 | Jul 2002 | JP |
| 2002-228272 | Aug 2002 | JP |
| 2004-037037 | Feb 2004 | JP |
| 2004-333003 | Nov 2004 | JP |
| 2007-072278 | Mar 2007 | JP |
| 2009-139761 | Jun 2009 | JP |
| 2009-198120 | Sep 2009 | JP |
| 2010-101462 | May 2010 | JP |
| 2011-099629 | May 2011 | JP |
| 2011-257088 | Dec 2011 | JP |
| Entry |
|---|
| International Search Report dated Apr. 9, 2013, issued in corresponding International Application No. PCT/JP2013/054724; w/English Translation. (4 pages). |
| Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Apr. 9, 2013, issued in corresponding Application No. PCT/JP2013/054724; w/English Translation. (7 pages). |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20150027119 A1 | Jan 2015 | US |
