Patent Grant
11960089
This invention relates to head worn computing. More particularly, this invention relates to optical configurations for head-worn see-through computer displays.
Wearable computing systems have been developed and are beginning to be commercialized. Many problems persist in the wearable computing field that need to be resolved to make them meet the demands of the market.
Aspects of the present invention relate to optical configurations for head-worn see-through computer displays.
These and other systems, methods, objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment and the drawings. All documents mentioned herein are hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference.
Embodiments are described with reference to the following Figures. The same numbers may be used throughout to reference like features and components that are shown in the Figures:
a illustrate structured eye lighting systems according to the principles of the present invention.
While the invention has been described in connection with certain preferred embodiments, other embodiments would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art and are encompassed herein.
Aspects of the present invention relate to head-worn computing (“HWC”) systems. HWC involves, in some instances, a system that mimics the appearance of head-worn glasses or sunglasses. The glasses may be a fully developed computing platform, such as including computer displays presented in each of the lenses of the glasses to the eyes of the user. In embodiments, the lenses and displays may be configured to allow a person wearing the glasses to see the environment through the lenses while also seeing, simultaneously, digital imagery, which forms an overlaid image that is perceived by the person as a digitally augmented image of the environment, or augmented reality (“AR”).
HWC involves more than just placing a computing system on a person's head. The system may need to be designed as a lightweight, compact and fully functional computer display, such as wherein the computer display includes a high resolution digital display that provides a high level of immersion comprised of the displayed digital content and the see-through view of the environmental surroundings. User interfaces and control systems suited to the HWC device may be required that are unlike those used for a more conventional computer such as a laptop. For the HWC and associated systems to be most effective, the glasses may be equipped with sensors to determine environmental conditions, geographic location, relative positioning to other points of interest, objects identified by imaging and movement by the user or other users in a connected group, and the like. The HWC may then change the mode of operation to match the conditions, location, positioning, movements, and the like, in a method generally referred to as a contextually aware HWC. The glasses also may need to be connected, wirelessly or otherwise, to other systems either locally or through a network. Controlling the glasses may be achieved through the use of an external device, automatically through contextually gathered information, through user gestures captured by the glasses sensors, and the like. Each technique may be further refined depending on the software application being used in the glasses. The glasses may further be used to control or coordinate with external devices that are associated with the glasses.
Referring to
We will now describe each of the main elements depicted on
The HWC 102 is a computing platform intended to be worn on a person's head. The HWC 102 may take many different forms to fit many different functional requirements. In some situations, the HWC 102 will be designed in the form of conventional glasses. The glasses may or may not have active computer graphics displays. In situations where the HWC 102 has integrated computer displays the displays may be configured as see-through displays such that the digital imagery can be overlaid with respect to the user's view of the environment 114. There are a number of see-through optical designs that may be used, including ones that have a reflective display (e.g. LCoS, DLP), emissive displays (e.g. OLED, LED), hologram, TIR waveguides, and the like. In embodiments, lighting systems used in connection with the display optics may be solid state lighting systems, such as LED, OLED, quantum dot, quantum dot LED, etc. In addition, the optical configuration may be monocular or binocular. It may also include vision corrective optical components. In embodiments, the optics may be packaged as contact lenses. In other embodiments, the HWC 102 may be in the form of a helmet with a see-through shield, sunglasses, safety glasses, goggles, a mask, fire helmet with see-through shield, police helmet with see-through shield, military helmet with see-through shield, utility form customized to a certain work task (e.g. inventory control, logistics, repair, maintenance, etc.), and the like.
The HWC 102 may also have a number of integrated computing facilities, such as an integrated processor, integrated power management, communication structures (e.g. cell net, WiFi, Bluetooth, local area connections, mesh connections, remote connections (e.g. client server, etc.)), and the like. The HWC 102 may also have a number of positional awareness sensors, such as GPS, electronic compass, altimeter, tilt sensor, IMU, and the like. It may also have other sensors such as a camera, rangefinder, hyper-spectral camera, Geiger counter, microphone, spectral illumination detector, temperature sensor, chemical sensor, biologic sensor, moisture sensor, ultrasonic sensor, and the like.
The HWC 102 may also have integrated control technologies. The integrated control technologies may be contextual based control, passive control, active control, user control, and the like. For example, the HWC 102 may have an integrated sensor (e.g. camera) that captures user hand or body gestures 116 such that the integrated processing system can interpret the gestures and generate control commands for the HWC 102. In another example, the HWC 102 may have sensors that detect movement (e.g. a nod, head shake, and the like) including accelerometers, gyros and other inertial measurements, where the integrated processor may interpret the movement and generate a control command in response. The HWC 102 may also automatically control itself based on measured or perceived environmental conditions. For example, if it is bright in the environment the HWC 102 may increase the brightness or contrast of the displayed image. In embodiments, the integrated control technologies may be mounted on the HWC 102 such that a user can interact with it directly. For example, the HWC 102 may have a button(s), touch capacitive interface, and the like.
As described herein, the HWC 102 may be in communication with external user interfaces 104. The external user interfaces may come in many different forms. For example, a cell phone screen may be adapted to take user input for control of an aspect of the HWC 102. The external user interface may be a dedicated UI, such as a keyboard, touch surface, button(s), joy stick, and the like. In embodiments, the external controller may be integrated into another device such as a ring, watch, bike, car, and the like. In each case, the external user interface 104 may include sensors (e.g. IMU, accelerometers, compass, altimeter, and the like) to provide additional input for controlling the HWD 104.
As described herein, the HWC 102 may control or coordinate with other local devices 108. The external devices 108 may be an audio device, visual device, vehicle, cell phone, computer, and the like. For instance, the local external device 108 may be another HWC 102, where information may then be exchanged between the separate HWCs 108.
Similar to the way the HWC 102 may control or coordinate with local devices 106, the HWC 102 may control or coordinate with remote devices 112, such as the HWC 102 communicating with the remote devices 112 through a network 110. Again, the form of the remote device 112 may have many forms. Included in these forms is another HWC 102. For example, each HWC 102 may communicate its GPS position such that all the HWCs 102 know where all of HWC 102 are located.
The light that is provided by the polarized light source 302, which is subsequently reflected by the reflective polarizer 310 before it reflects from the DLP 304, will generally be referred to as illumination light. The light that is reflected by the “off” pixels of the DLP 304 is reflected at a different angle than the light reflected by the “on” pixels, so that the light from the “off” pixels is generally directed away from the optical axis of the field lens 312 and toward the side of the upper optical module 202 as shown in
The DLP 304 operates as a computer controlled display and is generally thought of as a MEMs device. The DLP pixels are comprised of small mirrors that can be directed. The mirrors generally flip from one angle to another angle. The two angles are generally referred to as states. When light is used to illuminate the DLP the mirrors will reflect the light in a direction depending on the state. In embodiments herein, we generally refer to the two states as “on” and “off,” which is intended to depict the condition of a display pixel. “On” pixels will be seen by a viewer of the display as emitting light because the light is directed along the optical axis and into the field lens and the associated remainder of the display system. “Off” pixels will be seen by a viewer of the display as not emitting light because the light from these pixels is directed to the side of the optical housing and into a light trap or light dump where the light is absorbed. The pattern of “on” and “off” pixels produces image light that is perceived by a viewer of the display as a computer generated image. Full color images can be presented to a user by sequentially providing illumination light with complimentary colors such as red, green and blue. Where the sequence is presented in a recurring cycle that is faster than the user can perceive as separate images and as a result the user perceives a full color image comprised of the sum of the sequential images. Bright pixels in the image are provided by pixels that remain in the “on” state for the entire time of the cycle, while dimmer pixels in the image are provided by pixels that switch between the “on” state and “off” state within the time of the cycle, or frame time when in a video sequence of images.
The configuration illustrated in
The configuration illustrated in
Critical angle=arc−sin(1/n) Eqn 1
Where the critical angle is the angle beyond which the illumination light is reflected from the internal surface when the internal surface comprises an interface from a solid with a higher refractive index (n) to air with a refractive index of 1 (e.g. for an interface of acrylic, with a refractive index of n=1.5, to air, the critical angle is 41.8 degrees; for an interface of polycarbonate, with a refractive index of n=1.59, to air the critical angle is 38.9 degrees). Consequently, the TIR wedge 418 is associated with a thin air gap 408 along the internal surface to create an interface between a solid with a higher refractive index and air. By choosing the angle of the light source 404 relative to the DLP 402 in correspondence to the angle of the internal surface of the TIR wedge 418, illumination light is turned toward the DLP 402 at an angle suitable for providing image light 414 as reflected from “on” pixels. Wherein, the illumination light is provided to the DLP 402 at approximately twice the angle of the pixel mirrors in the DLP 402 that are in the “on” state, such that after reflecting from the pixel mirrors, the image light 414 is directed generally along the optical axis of the field lens. Depending on the state of the DLP pixels, the illumination light from “on” pixels may be reflected as image light 414 which is directed towards a field lens and a lower optical module 204, while illumination light reflected from “off” pixels (generally referred to herein as “dark” state light, “off” pixel light or “off” state light) 410 is directed in a separate direction, which may be trapped and not used for the image that is ultimately presented to the wearer's eye.
The light trap for the dark state light 410 may be located along the optical axis defined by the direction of the dark state light 410 and in the side of the housing, with the function of absorbing the dark state light. To this end, the light trap may be comprised of an area outside of the cone of image light 414 from the “on” pixels. The light trap is typically made up of materials that absorb light including coatings of black paints or other light absorbing materials to prevent light scattering from the dark state light degrading the image perceived by the user. In addition, the light trap may be recessed into the wall of the housing or include masks or guards to block scattered light and prevent the light trap from being viewed adjacent to the displayed image.
The embodiment of
The embodiment illustrated in
The angles of the faces of the wedge set 450 correspond to the needed angles to provide illumination light 452 at the angle needed by the DLP mirrors when in the “on” state so that the reflected image light 414 is reflected from the DLP along the optical axis of the field lens. The wedge set 456 provides an interior interface where a reflective polarizer film can be located to redirect the illumination light 452 toward the mirrors of the DLP 402. The wedge set also provides a matched wedge on the opposite side of the reflective polarizer 450 so that the image light 414 from the “on” pixels exits the wedge set 450 substantially perpendicular to the exit surface, while the dark state light from the “off” pixels 410 exits at an oblique angle to the exit surface. As a result, the image light 414 is substantially unrefracted upon exiting the wedge set 456, while the dark state light from the “off” pixels 410 is substantially refracted upon exiting the wedge set 456 as shown in
By providing a solid transparent matched wedge set, the flatness of the interface is reduced, because variations in the flatness have a negligible effect as long as they are within the cone angle of the illuminating light 452. Which can be f#2.2 with a 26 degree cone angle. In a preferred embodiment, the reflective polarizer is bonded between the matched internal surfaces of the wedge set 456 using an optical adhesive so that Fresnel reflections at the interfaces on either side of the reflective polarizer 450 are reduced. The optical adhesive can be matched in refractive index to the material of the wedge set 456 and the pieces of the wedge set 456 can be all made from the same material such as BK7 glass or cast acrylic. Wherein the wedge material can be selected to have low birefringence as well to reduce non-uniformities in brightness. The wedge set 456 and the quarter wave film 454 can also be bonded to the DLP 402 to further reduce Fresnel reflections at the DLP interface losses. In addition, since the image light 414 is substantially normal to the exit surface of the wedge set 456, the flatness of the surface is not critical to maintain the wavefront of the image light 414 so that high image quality can be obtained in the displayed image without requiring very tightly toleranced flatness on the exit surface.
A yet further embodiment of the invention that is not illustrated, combines the embodiments illustrated in
The combiner 602 may include a holographic pattern, to form a holographic mirror. If a monochrome image is desired, there may be a single wavelength reflection design for the holographic pattern on the surface of the combiner 602. If the intention is to have multiple colors reflected from the surface of the combiner 602, a multiple wavelength holographic mirror maybe included on the combiner surface. For example, in a three-color embodiment, where red, green and blue pixels are generated in the image light, the holographic mirror may be reflective to wavelengths substantially matching the wavelengths of the red, green and blue light provided by the light source. This configuration can be used as a wavelength specific mirror where pre-determined wavelengths of light from the image light are reflected to the user's eye. This configuration may also be made such that substantially all other wavelengths in the visible pass through the combiner element 602 so the user has a substantially clear view of the surroundings when looking through the combiner element 602. The transparency between the user's eye and the surrounding may be approximately 80% when using a combiner that is a holographic mirror. Wherein holographic mirrors can be made using lasers to produce interference patterns in the holographic material of the combiner where the wavelengths of the lasers correspond to the wavelengths of light that are subsequently reflected by the holographic mirror.
In another embodiment, the combiner element 602 may include a notch mirror comprised of a multilayer coated substrate wherein the coating is designed to substantially reflect the wavelengths of light provided by the light source and substantially transmit the remaining wavelengths in the visible spectrum. For example, in the case where red, green and blue light is provided by the light source to enable full color images to be provided to the user, the notch mirror is a tristimulus notch mirror wherein the multilayer coating is designed to reflect narrow bands of red, green and blue light that are matched to what is provided by the light source and the remaining visible wavelengths are transmitted through the coating to enable a view of the environment through the combiner. In another example where monochrome images are provided to the user, the notch mirror is designed to reflect a single narrow band of light that is matched to the wavelength range of the light provided by the light source while transmitting the remaining visible wavelengths to enable a see-thru view of the environment. The combiner 602 with the notch mirror would operate, from the user's perspective, in a manner similar to the combiner that includes a holographic pattern on the combiner element 602. The combiner, with the tristimulus notch mirror, would reflect the “on” pixels to the eye because of the match between the reflective wavelengths of the notch mirror and the color of the image light, and the wearer would be able to see with high clarity the surroundings. The transparency between the user's eye and the surrounding may be approximately 80% when using the tristimulus notch mirror. In addition, the image provided by the upper optical module 202 with the notch mirror combiner can provide higher contrast images than the holographic mirror combiner due to less scattering of the imaging light by the combiner.
Light can escape through the combiner 602 and may produce face glow as the light is generally directed downward onto the cheek of the user. When using a holographic mirror combiner or a tristimulus notch mirror combiner, the escaping light can be trapped to avoid face glow. In embodiments, if the image light is polarized before the combiner, a linear polarizer can be laminated, or otherwise associated, to the combiner, with the transmission axis of the polarizer oriented relative to the polarized image light so that any escaping image light is absorbed by the polarizer. In embodiments, the image light would be polarized to provide S polarized light to the combiner for better reflection. As a result, the linear polarizer on the combiner would be oriented to absorb S polarized light and pass P polarized light. This provides the preferred orientation of polarized sunglasses as well.
If the image light is unpolarized, a microlouvered film such as a privacy filter can be used to absorb the escaping image light while providing the user with a see-thru view of the environment. In this case, the absorbance or transmittance of the microlouvered film is dependent on the angle of the light. Where steep angle light is absorbed and light at less of an angle is transmitted. For this reason, in an embodiment, the combiner with the microlouver film is angled at greater than 45 degrees to the optical axis of the image light (e.g. the combiner can be oriented at 50 degrees so the image light from the file lens is incident on the combiner at an oblique angle.
While many of the embodiments of the present invention have been referred to as upper and lower modules containing certain optical components, it should be understood that the image light and dark light production and management functions described in connection with the upper module may be arranged to direct light in other directions (e.g. upward, sideward, etc.). In embodiments, it may be preferred to mount the upper module 202 above the wearer's eye, in which case the image light would be directed downward. In other embodiments it may be preferred to produce light from the side of the wearer's eye, or from below the wearer's eye. In addition, the lower optical module is generally configured to deliver the image light to the wearer's eye and allow the wearer to see through the lower optical module, which may be accomplished through a variety of optical components.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to eye imaging. In embodiments, a camera is used in connection with an upper optical module 202 such that the wearer's eye can be imaged using pixels in the “off” state on the DLP.
In embodiments, the eye imaging camera may image the wearer's eye at a moment in time where there are enough “off” pixels to achieve the required eye image resolution. In another embodiment, the eye imaging camera collects eye image information from “off” pixels over time and forms a time lapsed image. In another embodiment, a modified image is presented to the user wherein enough “off” state pixels are included that the camera can obtain the desired resolution and brightness for imaging the wearer's eye and the eye image capture is synchronized with the presentation of the modified image.
The eye imaging system may be used for security systems. The HWC may not allow access to the HWC or other system if the eye is not recognized (e.g. through eye characteristics including retina or iris characteristics, etc.). The HWC may be used to provide constant security access in some embodiments. For example, the eye security confirmation may be a continuous, near-continuous, real-time, quasi real-time, periodic, etc. process so the wearer is effectively constantly being verified as known. In embodiments, the HWC may be worn and eye security tracked for access to other computer systems.
The eye imaging system may be used for control of the HWC. For example, a blink, wink, or particular eye movement may be used as a control mechanism for a software application operating on the HWC or associated device.
The eye imaging system may be used in a process that determines how or when the HWC 102 delivers digitally displayed content to the wearer. For example, the eye imaging system may determine that the user is looking in a direction and then HWC may change the resolution in an area of the display or provide some content that is associated with something in the environment that the user may be looking at. Alternatively, the eye imaging system may identify different users and change the displayed content or enabled features provided to the user. Users may be identified from a database of users eye characteristics either located on the HWC 102 or remotely located on the network 110 or on a server 112. In addition, the HWC may identify a primary user or a group of primary users from eye characteristics wherein the primary user(s) are provided with an enhanced set of features and all other users are provided with a different set of features. Thus in this use case, the HWC 102 uses identified eye characteristics to either enable features or not and eye characteristics need only be analyzed in comparison to a relatively small database of individual eye characteristics.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to the generation of peripheral image lighting effects for a person wearing a HWC. In embodiments, a solid state lighting system (e.g. LED, OLED, etc.), or other lighting system, may be included inside the optical elements of a lower optical module 204. The solid state lighting system may be arranged such that lighting effects outside of a field of view (FOV) of the presented digital content is presented to create an immersive effect for the person wearing the HWC. To this end, the lighting effects may be presented to any portion of the HWC that is visible to the wearer. The solid state lighting system may be digitally controlled by an integrated processor on the HWC. In embodiments, the integrated processor will control the lighting effects in coordination with digital content that is presented within the FOV of the HWC. For example, a movie, picture, game, or other content, may be displayed or playing within the FOV of the HWC. The content may show a bomb blast on the right side of the FOV and at the same moment, the solid state lighting system inside of the upper module optics may flash quickly in concert with the FOV image effect. The effect may not be fast, it may be more persistent to indicate, for example, a general glow or color on one side of the user. The solid state lighting system may be color controlled, with red, green and blue LEDs, for example, such that color control can be coordinated with the digitally presented content within the field of view.
In the embodiment illustrated in
Another aspect of the present invention relates to the mitigation of light escaping from the space between the wearer's face and the HWC itself. Another aspect of the present invention relates to maintaining a controlled lighting environment in proximity to the wearer's eyes. In embodiments, both the maintenance of the lighting environment and the mitigation of light escape are accomplished by including a removable and replaceable flexible shield for the HWC. Wherein the removable and replaceable shield can be provided for one eye or both eyes in correspondence to the use of the displays for each eye. For example, in a night vision application, the display to only one eye could be used for night vision while the display to the other eye is turned off to provide good see-thru when moving between areas where visible light is available and dark areas where night vision enhancement is needed.
In embodiments, an opaque front light shield 1412 may be included and the digital content may include images of the surrounding environment such that the wearer can visualize the surrounding environment. One eye may be presented with night vision environmental imagery and this eye's surrounding environment optical path may be covered using an opaque front light shield 1412. In other embodiments, this arrangement may be associated with both eyes.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to automatically configuring the lighting system(s) used in the HWC 102. In embodiments, the display lighting and/or effects lighting, as described herein, may be controlled in a manner suitable for when an eye cover 1408 is attached or removed from the HWC 102. For example, at night, when the light in the environment is low, the lighting system(s) in the HWC may go into a low light mode to further control any amounts of stray light escaping from the HWC and the areas around the HWC. Covert operations at night, while using night vision or standard vision, may require a solution which prevents as much escaping light as possible so a user may clip on the eye cover(s) 1408 and then the HWC may go into a low light mode. The low light mode may, in some embodiments, only go into a low light mode when the eye cover 1408 is attached if the HWC identifies that the environment is in low light conditions (e.g. through environment light level sensor detection). In embodiments, the low light level may be determined to be at an intermediate point between full and low light dependent on environmental conditions.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to automatically controlling the type of content displayed in the HWC when eye covers 1408 are attached or removed from the HWC. In embodiments, when the eye cover(s) 1408 is attached to the HWC, the displayed content may be restricted in amount or in color amounts. For example, the display(s) may go into a simple content delivery mode to restrict the amount of information displayed. This may be done to reduce the amount of light produced by the display(s). In an embodiment, the display(s) may change from color displays to monochrome displays to reduce the amount of light produced. In an embodiment, the monochrome lighting may be red to limit the impact on the wearer's eyes to maintain an ability to see better in the dark.
Referring to
While the pen 1500 may follow the general form of a conventional pen, it contains numerous technologies that enable it to function as an external user interface 104.
The pen 1500 may also include a pressure monitoring system 1504, such as to measure the pressure exerted on the lens 1502. As will be described in greater detail herein, the pressure measurement can be used to predict the user's intention for changing the weight of a line, type of a line, type of brush, click, double click, and the like. In embodiments, the pressure sensor may be constructed using any force or pressure measurement sensor located behind the lens 1502, including for example, a resistive sensor, a current sensor, a capacitive sensor, a voltage sensor such as a piezoelectric sensor, and the like.
The pen 1500 may also include a communications module 1518, such as for bi-directional communication with the HWC 102. In embodiments, the communications module 1518 may be a short distance communication module (e.g. Bluetooth). The communications module 1518 may be security matched to the HWC 102. The communications module 1518 may be arranged to communicate data and commands to and from the microprocessor 1510 of the pen 1500. The microprocessor 1510 may be programmed to interpret data generated from the camera 1508, IMU 1512, and pressure sensor 1504, and the like, and then pass a command onto the HWC 102 through the communications module 1518, for example. In another embodiment, the data collected from any of the input sources (e.g. camera 1508, IMU 1512, pressure sensor 1504) by the microprocessor may be communicated by the communication module 1518 to the HWC 102, and the HWC 102 may perform data processing and prediction of the user's intention when using the pen 1500. In yet another embodiment, the data may be further passed on through a network 110 to a remote device 112, such as a server, for the data processing and prediction. The commands may then be communicated back to the HWC 102 for execution (e.g. display writing in the glasses display, make a selection within the UI of the glasses display, control a remote external device 112, control a local external device 108), and the like. The pen may also include memory 1514 for long or short term uses.
The pen 1500 may also include a number of physical user interfaces, such as quick launch buttons 1522, a touch sensor 1520, and the like. The quick launch buttons 1522 may be adapted to provide the user with a fast way of jumping to a software application in the HWC system 100. For example, the user may be a frequent user of communication software packages (e.g. email, text, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Google+, and the like), and the user may program a quick launch button 1522 to command the HWC 102 to launch an application. The pen 1500 may be provided with several quick launch buttons 1522, which may be user programmable or factory programmable. The quick launch button 1522 may be programmed to perform an operation. For example, one of the buttons may be programmed to clear the digital display of the HWC 102. This would create a fast way for the user to clear the screens on the HWC 102 for any reason, such as for example to better view the environment. The quick launch button functionality will be discussed in further detail below. The touch sensor 1520 may be used to take gesture style input from the user. For example, the user may be able to take a single finger and run it across the touch sensor 1520 to affect a page scroll.
The pen 1500 may also include a laser pointer 1524. The laser pointer 1524 may be coordinated with the IMU 1512 to coordinate gestures and laser pointing. For example, a user may use the laser 1524 in a presentation to help with guiding the audience with the interpretation of graphics and the IMU 1512 may, either simultaneously or when the laser 1524 is off, interpret the user's gestures as commands or data input.
The domed cover lens, or other lens 1608 used to physically interact with the writing surface, will be transparent or transmissive within the active bandwidth of the camera 1602. In embodiments, the domed cover lens 1608 may be spherical or other shape and comprised of glass, plastic, sapphire, diamond, and the like. In other embodiments where low resolution imaging of the surface is acceptable. The pen 1500 can omit the domed cover lens 1608 and the ball lens 1604 can be in direct contact with the surface.
Another aspect of the pen 1500 relates to sensing the force applied by the user to the writing surface with the pen 1500. The force measurement may be used in a number of ways. For example, the force measurement may be used as a discrete value, or discontinuous event tracking, and compared against a threshold in a process to determine a user's intent. The user may want the force interpreted as a ‘click’ in the selection of an object, for instance. The user may intend multiple force exertions interpreted as multiple clicks. There may be times when the user holds the pen 1500 in a certain position or holds a certain portion of the pen 1500 (e.g. a button or touch pad) while clicking to affect a certain operation (e.g. a ‘right click’). In embodiments, the force measurement may be used to track force and force trends. The force trends may be tracked and compared to threshold limits, for example. There may be one such threshold limit, multiple limits, groups of related limits, and the like. For example, when the force measurement indicates a fairly constant force that generally falls within a range of related threshold values, the microprocessor 1510 may interpret the force trend as an indication that the user desires to maintain the current writing style, writing tip type, line weight, brush type, and the like. In the event that the force trend appears to have gone outside of a set of threshold values intentionally, the microprocessor may interpret the action as an indication that the user wants to change the current writing style, writing tip type, line weight, brush type, and the like. Once the microprocessor has made a determination of the user's intent, a change in the current writing style, writing tip type, line weight, brush type, and the like may be executed. In embodiments, the change may be noted to the user (e.g. in a display of the HWC 102), and the user may be presented with an opportunity to accept the change.
While a threshold value may be used to assist in the interpretation of the user's intention, a signature force event trend may also be used. The threshold and signature may be used in combination or either method may be used alone. For example, a single-click signature may be represented by a certain force trend signature or set of signatures. The single-click signature(s) may require that the trend meet a criteria of a rise time between x and y values, a hold time of between a and b values and a fall time of between c and d values, for example. Signatures may be stored for a variety of functions such as click, double click, right click, hold, move, etc. The microprocessor 1510 may compare the real-time force or pressure tracking against the signatures from a signature library to make a decision and issue a command to the software application executing in the GUI.
Generally, in the present disclosure, instrument stroke parameter changes may be referred to as a change in line type, line weight, tip type, brush type, brush width, brush pressure, color, and other forms of writing, coloring, painting, and the like.
Another aspect of the pen 1500 relates to selecting an operating mode for the pen 1500 dependent on contextual information and/or selection interface(s). The pen 1500 may have several operating modes. For instance, the pen 1500 may have a writing mode where the user interface(s) of the pen 1500 (e.g. the writing surface end, quick launch buttons 1522, touch sensor 1520, motion based gesture, and the like) is optimized or selected for tasks associated with writing. As another example, the pen 1500 may have a wand mode where the user interface(s) of the pen is optimized or selected for tasks associated with software or device control (e.g. the HWC 102, external local device, remote device 112, and the like). The pen 1500, by way of another example, may have a presentation mode where the user interface(s) is optimized or selected to assist a user with giving a presentation (e.g. pointing with the laser pointer 1524 while using the button(s) 1522 and/or gestures to control the presentation or applications relating to the presentation). The pen may, for example, have a mode that is optimized or selected for a particular device that a user is attempting to control. The pen 1500 may have a number of other modes and an aspect of the present invention relates to selecting such modes.
As with other examples presented herein, the microprocessor 1510 may monitor the contextual trend (e.g. the angle of the pen over time) in an effort to decide whether to stay in a mode or change modes. For example, through signatures, thresholds, trend analysis, and the like, the microprocessor may determine that a change is an unintentional change and therefore no user interface mode change is desired.
In embodiments, a confirmation selection may be presented to the user in the event a mode is going to change. The presentation may be physical (e.g. a vibration in the pen 1500), through a GUI, through a light indicator, etc.
Use scenario 1900 is a writing scenario where the pen 1500 is used as a writing instrument. In this example, quick launch button 122A is pressed to launch a note application 1910 in the GUI 1908 of the HWC 102 display 1904. Once the quick launch button 122A is pressed, the HWC 102 launches the note program 1910 and puts the pen into a writing mode. The user uses the pen 1500 to scribe symbols 1902 on a writing surface, the pen records the scribing and transmits the scribing to the HWC 102 where symbols representing the scribing are displayed 1912 within the note application 1910.
Use scenario 1901 is a gesture scenario where the pen 1500 is used as a gesture capture and command device. In this example, the quick launch button 122B is activated and the pen 1500 activates a wand mode such that an application launched on the HWC 102 can be controlled. Here, the user sees an application chooser 1918 in the display(s) of the HWC 102 where different software applications can be chosen by the user. The user gestures (e.g. swipes, spins, turns, etc.) with the pen to cause the application chooser 1918 to move from application to application. Once the correct application is identified (e.g. highlighted) in the chooser 1918, the user may gesture or click or otherwise interact with the pen 1500 such that the identified application is selected and launched. Once an application is launched, the wand mode may be used to scroll, rotate, change applications, select items, initiate processes, and the like, for example.
In an embodiment, the quick launch button 122A may be activated and the HWC 102 may launch an application chooser presenting to the user a set of applications. For example, the quick launch button may launch a chooser to show all communication programs (e.g. SMS, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, email, etc.) available for selection such that the user can select the program the user wants and then go into a writing mode. By way of further example, the launcher may bring up selections for various other groups that are related or categorized as generally being selected at a given time (e.g. Microsoft Office products, communication products, productivity products, note products, organizational products, and the like)
The watchband controller 2000 may have quick launch interfaces 2008 (e.g. to launch applications and choosers as described herein), a touch pad 2014 (e.g. to be used as a touch style mouse for GUI control in a HWC 102 display) and a display 2012. The clip 2018 may be adapted to fit a wide range of watchbands so it can be used in connection with a watch that is independently selected for its function. The clip, in embodiments, is rotatable such that a user can position it in a desirable manner. In embodiments the clip may be a flexible strap. In embodiments, the flexible strap may be adapted to be stretched to attach to a hand, wrist, finger, device, weapon, and the like.
In embodiments, the watchband controller may be configured as a removable and replaceable watchband. For example, the controller may be incorporated into a band with a certain width, segment spacing's, etc. such that the watchband, with its incorporated controller, can be attached to a watch body. The attachment, in embodiments, may be mechanically adapted to attach with a pin upon which the watchband rotates. In embodiments, the watchband controller may be electrically connected to the watch and/or watch body such that the watch, watch body and/or the watchband controller can communicate data between them.
The watchband controller may have 3-axis motion monitoring (e.g. through an IMU, accelerometers, magnetometers, gyroscopes, etc.) to capture user motion. The user motion may then be interpreted for gesture control.
In embodiments, the watchband controller may comprise fitness sensors and a fitness computer. The sensors may track heart rate, calories burned, strides, distance covered, and the like. The data may then be compared against performance goals and/or standards for user feedback.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to visual display techniques relating to micro Doppler (“mD”) target tracking signatures (“mD signatures”). mD is a radar technique that uses a series of angle dependent electromagnetic pulses that are broadcast into an environment and return pulses are captured. Changes between the broadcast pulse and return pulse are indicative of changes in the shape, distance and angular location of objects or targets in the environment. These changes provide signals that can be used to track a target and identify the target through the mD signature. Each target or target type has a unique mD signature. Shifts in the radar pattern can be analyzed in the time domain and frequency domain based on mD techniques to derive information about the types of targets present (e.g. whether people are present), the motion of the targets and the relative angular location of the targets and the distance to the targets. By selecting a frequency used for the mD pulse relative to known objects in the environment, the pulse can penetrate the known objects to enable information about targets to be gathered even when the targets are visually blocked by the known objects. For example, pulse frequencies can be used that will penetrate concrete buildings to enable people to be identified inside the building. Multiple pulse frequencies can be used as well in the mD radar to enable different types of information to be gathered about the objects in the environment. In addition, the mD radar information can be combined with other information such as distance measurements or images captured of the environment that are analyzed jointly to provide improved object identification and improved target identification and tracking. In embodiments, the analysis can be performed on the HWC or the information can be transmitted to a remote network for analysis and results transmitted back to the HWC. Distance measurements can be provided by laser range finding, structured lighting, stereoscopic depth maps or sonar measurements. Images of the environment can be captured using one or more cameras capable of capturing images from visible, ultraviolet or infrared light. The mD radar can be attached to the HWC, located adjacently (e.g. in a vehicle) and associated wirelessly with the HWC or located remotely. Maps or other previously determined information about the environment can also be used in the analysis of the mD radar information. Embodiments of the present invention relate to visualizing the mD signatures in useful ways.
There are several traces 2108 and 2104 presented to the wearer in the embodiment illustrated in
In embodiments, certain user positions may be known and thus identified in the FOV. For example, the shooter of the friendly fire trace 2108 may be from a known friendly combatant and as such his location may be known. The position may be known based on his GPS location based on a mobile communication system on him, such as another HWC 102. In other embodiments, the friendly combatant may be marked by another friendly. For example, if the friendly position in the environment is known through visual contact or communicated information, a wearer of the HWC 102 may use a gesture or external user interface 104 to mark the location. If a friendly combatant location is known the originating position of the friendly fire trace 2108 may be color coded or otherwise distinguished from unidentified traces on the displayed digital content. Similarly, enemy fire traces 2104 may be color coded or otherwise distinguished on the displayed digital content. In embodiments, there may be an additional distinguished appearance on the displayed digital content for unknown traces.
In addition to situationally associated trace appearance, the trace colors or appearance may be different from the originating position to the terminating position. This path appearance change may be based on the mD signature. The mD signature may indicate that the bullet, for example, is slowing as it propagates and this slowing pattern may be reflected in the FOV 2102 as a color or pattern change. This can create an intuitive understanding of where the shooter is located. For example, the originating color may be red, indicative of high speed, and it may change over the course of the trace to yellow, indicative of a slowing trace. This pattern changing may also be different for a friendly, enemy and unknown combatant. The enemy may go blue to green for a friendly trace, for example.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to mD radar techniques that trace and identify targets through other objects, such as walls (referred to generally as through wall mD), and visualization techniques related therewith.
mD target recognition methods can identify the identity of a target based on the vibrations and other small movements of the target. This can provide a personal signature for the target. In the case of humans, this may result in a personal identification of a target that has been previously characterized. The cardio, heartbeat, lung expansion and other small movements within the body may be unique to a person and if those attributes are pre-identified they may be matched in real time to provide a personal identification of a person in the FOV 2202. The person's mD signatures may be determined based on the position of the person. For example, the database of personal mD signature attributes may include mD signatures for a person standing, sitting, laying down, running, walking, jumping, etc. This may improve the accuracy of the personal data match when a target is tracked through mD signature techniques in the field. In the event a person is personally identified, a specific indication of the person's identity may be presented in the FOV 2202. The indication may be a color, shape, shade, name, indication of the type of person (e.g. enemy, friendly, etc.), etc. to provide the wearer with intuitive real time information about the person being tracked. This may be very useful in a situation where there is more than one person in an area of the person being tracked. If just one person in the area is personally identified, that person or the avatar of that person can be presented differently than other people in the area.
An aspect of the present invention relates to suppression of extraneous or stray light. As discussed herein elsewhere, eyeglow and faceglow are two such artifacts that develop from such light. Eyeglow and faceglow can be caused by image light escaping from the optics module. The escaping light is then visible, particularly in dark environments when the user is viewing bright displayed images with the HWC. Light that escapes through the front of the HWC is visible as eyeglow as that light that is visible in the region of the user's eyes. Eyeglow can appear in the form of a small version of the displayed image that the user is viewing. Light that escapes from the bottom of the HWC shines onto the user's face, cheek or chest so that these portions of the user appear to glow. Eyeglow and faceglow can both increase the visibility of the user and highlight the use of the HWC, which may be viewed negatively by the user. As such, reducing eyeglow and faceglow is advantageous. In combat situations (e.g. the mD trace presentation scenarios described herein) and certain gaming situations, the suppression of extraneous or stray light is very important.
The disclosure relating to
An example of the source for the faceglow light can come from wide cone angle light associated with the image light incident onto the combiner 602. Where the combiner can include a holographic mirror or a notch mirror in which the narrow bands of high reflectivity are matched to wavelengths of light by the light source. The wide cone angle associated with the image light corresponds with the field of view provided by the HWC. Typically the reflectivity of holographic mirrors and notch mirrors is reduced as the cone angle of the incident light is increased above 8 degrees. As a result, for a field of view of 30 degrees, substantial image light can pass through the combiner and cause faceglow.
In embodiments, the combiner 602 may include a notch mirror coating to reflect the wavelengths of light in the image light and a notch filter 2620 can be selected in correspondence to the wavelengths of light provided by the light source and the narrow bands of high reflectivity provided by the notch mirror. In this way, image light that is not reflected by the notch mirror is absorbed by the notch filter 2620. In embodiments of the invention the light source can provide one narrow band of light for a monochrome imaging or three narrow bands of light for full color imaging. The notch mirror and associated notch filter would then each provide one narrow band or three narrow bands of high reflectivity and absorption respectively.
We now turn back to a description of eye imaging technologies. Aspects of the present invention relate to various methods of imaging the eye of a person wearing the HWC 102. In embodiments, technologies for imaging the eye using an optical path involving the “off” state and “no power” state, which is described in detail below, are described. In embodiments, technologies for imaging the eye with optical configurations that do not involve reflecting the eye image off of DLP mirrors is described. In embodiments, unstructured light, structured light, or controlled lighting conditions, are used to predict the eye's position based on the light reflected off of the front of the wearer's eye. In embodiments, a reflection of a presented digital content image is captured as it reflects off of the wearer's eye and the reflected image may be processed to determine the quality (e.g. sharpness) of the image presented. In embodiments, the image may then be adjusted (e.g. focused differently) to increase the quality of the image presented based on the image reflection.
For comparison, illuminating light rays 2973 from the light source 2958 are also shown being reflected by the partially reflective layer 2960. Where the angle of the illuminating light 2973 is such that the DLP mirrors, when in the “on” state, reflect the illuminating light 2973 to form image light 2969 that substantially shares the same optical axis as the light from the wearer's eye 2971. In this way, images of the wearer's eye are captured in a field of view that overlaps the field of view for the displayed image content. In contrast, light reflected by DLP mirrors in the “off” state form dark light 2975 which is directed substantially to the side of the image light 2969 and the light from eye 2971. Dark light 2975 is directed toward a light trap 2962 that absorbs the dark light to improve the contrast of the displayed image as has been described above in this specification.
In an embodiment, partially reflective layer 2960 is a reflective polarizer. The light that is reflected from the eye 2971 can then be polarized prior to entering the corrective wedge 2966 (e.g. with an absorptive polarizer between the upper module 202 and the lower module 204), with a polarization orientation relative to the reflective polarizer that enables the light reflected from the eye 2971 to substantially be transmitted by the reflective polarizer. A quarter wave retarder layer 2957 is then included adjacent to the DLP 2955 (as previously disclosed in
In a further embodiment illustrated by
Alternately, the “no power” state can be applied to a subset of the DLP mirrors (e.g. 10% of the DLP mirrors) within while another subset is busy generating image light for content to be displayed. This enables the capture of an eye image(s) during the display of digital content to the wearer. The DLP mirrors used for eye imaging can, for example, be distributed randomly across the area of the DLP to minimize the impact on the quality of the digital content being displayed to the wearer. To improve the displayed image perceived by the wearer, the individual DLP mirrors put into the “no power” state for capturing each eye image, can be varied over time such as in a random pattern, for example. In yet a further embodiment, the DLP mirrors put into the “no power” state for eye imaging may be coordinated with the digital content in such a way that the “no power” mirrors are taken from a portion of the image that requires less resolution.
In the embodiments of the invention as illustrated in
In the embodiment illustrated in
Eye imaging systems where the polarization state of the light from the eye 2971 needs to be opposite to that of the image light 2969 (as shown in
In a further embodiment shown in
In yet another embodiment shown in
In embodiments directed to capturing images of the wearer's eye, light to illuminate the wearer's eye can be provided by several different sources including: light from the displayed image (i.e. image light); light from the environment that passes through the combiner or other optics; light provided by a dedicated eye light, etc.
In an embodiment of the eye imaging system, the lens for the camera is designed to take into account the optics associated with the upper module 202 and the lower module 204. This is accomplished by designing the camera to include the optics in the upper module 202 and optics in the lower module 204, so that a high MTF image is produced, at the image sensor in the camera, of the wearer's eye. In yet a further embodiment, the camera lens is provided with a large depth of field to eliminate the need for focusing the camera to enable sharp image of the eye to be captured. Where a large depth of field is typically provided by a high f/# lens (e.g. f/#>5). In this case, the reduced light gathering associated with high f/# lenses is compensated by the inclusion of a dedicated eye light to enable a bright image of the eye to be captured. Further, the brightness of the dedicated eye light can be modulated and synchronized with the capture of eye images so that the dedicated eye light has a reduced duty cycle and the brightness of infrared light on the wearer's eye is reduced.
In a further embodiment,
An aspect of the present invention relates to controlling the HWC 102 through interpretations of eye imagery. In embodiments, eye-imaging technologies, such as those described herein, are used to capture an eye image or series of eye images for processing. The image(s) may be process to determine a user intended action, an HWC predetermined reaction, or other action. For example, the imagery may be interpreted as an affirmative user control action for an application on the HWC 102. Or, the imagery may cause, for example, the HWC 102 to react in a pre-determined way such that the HWC 102 is operating safely, intuitively, etc.
In embodiments, the digital content that is in line with the virtual target line may not be displayed in the FOV until the eye position is in the right position. This may be a predetermined process. For example, the system may be set up such that a particular piece of digital content (e.g. an advertisement, guidance information, object information, etc.) will appear in the event that the wearer looks at a certain object(s) in the environment. A virtual target line(s) may be developed that virtually connects the wearer's eye with an object(s) in the environment (e.g. a building, portion of a building, mark on a building, gps location, etc.) and the virtual target line may be continually updated depending on the position and viewing direction of the wearer (e.g. as determined through GPS, e-compass, IMU, etc.) and the position of the object. When the virtual target line suggests that the wearer's pupil is substantially aligned with the virtual target line or about to be aligned with the virtual target line, the digital content may be displayed in the FOV 3704.
In embodiments, the time spent looking along the virtual target line and/or a particular portion of the FOV 3708 may indicate that the wearer is interested in an object in the environment and/or digital content being displayed. In the event there is no digital content being displayed at the time a predetermined period of time is spent looking at a direction, digital content may be presented in the area of the FOV 3708. The time spent looking at an object may be interpreted as a command to display information about the object, for example. In other embodiments, the content may not relate to the object and may be presented because of the indication that the person is relatively inactive. In embodiments, the digital content may be positioned in proximity to the virtual target line, but not in-line with it such that the wearer's view of the surroundings are not obstructed but information can augment the wearer's view of the surroundings. In embodiments, the time spent looking along a target line in the direction of displayed digital content may be an indication of interest in the digital content. This may be used as a conversion event in advertising. For example, an advertiser may pay more for an add placement if the wearer of the HWC 102 looks at a displayed advertisement for a certain period of time. As such, in embodiments, the time spent looking at the advertisement, as assessed by comparing eye position with the content placement, target line or other appropriate position may be used to determine a rate of conversion or other compensation amount due for the presentation.
An aspect of the invention relates to removing content from the FOV of the HWC 102 when the wearer of the HWC 102 apparently wants to view the surrounding environments clearly.
In embodiments, to remove the entire displayed image from the FOV and thereby provide an unencumbered view of the surrounding environment, power to the light source is turned OFF while power to the electronics in the HWC is left ON. As a result, the entire displayed image disappears instantly but the electronics associated with displaying images continues to run so that when eye movement or other triggering event occurs, a displayed image can be instantly provided without having to wait for the electronics to reboot. By turning the light source OFF and ON, to make the displayed image respectively disappear and then reappear, rapid changes between a display mode and a see-through mode can be provided. In an example, a rapid eye movement to the side as captured by eye imaging can cause the light source to turn OFF thereby providing an unencumbered view of the environment. Later when the eye returns to a central position, the light source may be turned ON so the displayed image returns. In another example, a rapid eye movement or rapid head nod by the wearer can be used in an operating mode to cause the light source to be turned OFF to obtain an unencumbered view of the environment for a predetermined period of time. After the predetermined period of time, the light source is turned ON and the displayed image is returned.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to determining a focal plane based on the wearer's eye convergence. Eyes are generally converged slightly and converge more when the person focuses on something very close. This is generally referred to as convergence. In embodiments, convergence is calibrated for the wearer. That is, the wearer may be guided through certain focal plane exercises to determine how much the wearer's eyes converge at various focal planes and at various viewing angles. The convergence information may then be stored in a database for later reference. In embodiments, a general table may be used in the event there is no calibration step or the person skips the calibration step. The two eyes may then be imaged periodically to determine the convergence in an attempt to understand what focal plane the wearer is focused on. In embodiments, the eyes may be imaged to determine a virtual target line and then the eyes' convergence may be determined to establish the wearer's focus, and the digital content may be displayed or altered based thereon.
An aspect of the present invention relates to controlling the HWC 102 based on events detected through eye imaging. A wearer winking, blinking, moving his eyes in a certain pattern, etc. may, for example, control an application of the HWC 102. Eye imaging (e.g. as described herein) may be used to monitor the eye(s) of the wearer and once a pre-determined pattern is detected an application control command may be initiated.
An aspect of the invention relates to monitoring the health of a person wearing a HWC 102 by monitoring the wearer's eye(s). Calibrations may be made such that the normal performance, under various conditions (e.g. lighting conditions, image light conditions, etc.) of a wearer's eyes may be documented. The wearer's eyes may then be monitored through eye imaging (e.g. as described herein) for changes in their performance. Changes in performance may be indicative of a health concern (e.g. concussion, brain injury, stroke, loss of blood, etc.). If detected the data indicative of the change or event may be communicated from the HWC 102.
Aspects of the present invention relate to security and access of computer assets (e.g. the HWC itself and related computer systems) as determined through eye image verification. As discussed herein elsewhere, eye imagery may be compared to known person eye imagery to confirm a person's identity. Eye imagery may also be used to confirm the identity of people wearing the HWCs 102 before allowing them to link together or share files, streams, information, etc.
An aspect of the present invention relates to securely linking HWC 102 and securely sharing files, streams, etc. (referred to generally as file sharing) with other HWCs 102 and/or other computers. Eye imaging, position, and tracking described herein elsewhere may be used in connection with the secure linking and file sharing. For example, a first HWC 102 may only be permitted to securely link with another HWC 102 if the wearer of the other HWC 102 is verified as a known person of a certain security level. In embodiments, the security level may be a government determined security level, a known person, a known friend, etc. Eye imaging may be used to identify the other HWCs 102 that may be allowed for sharing. For example, GPS or other location technologies may be used to identify other HWCs 102 in the proximity of a first HWC 102 and those proximal HWCs may be sorted into ones verified as secure HWCs, as verified by eye imaging, for example, and ones not verified. The sorted information or portion thereof may be presented in the first HWC 102 such that the wearer of the first HWC 102 can select secure sharing partners. Other sensor information may be used in connection with the secure sharing process. For example, identifying that two HWCs 102 are looking at one another (e.g. through e-compass readings, or HWC 102 forward facing camera image capture processing, etc.) may indicate that the two would like to share files or otherwise link communications and this information may be used in connection with the eye imaging verification for the secure sharing process. Similarly, facial recognition, biometric information (e.g. heart rate signature, lung signature, etc.), near field communication identification, gestures by and between people wearing the HWCs, external user interfaces, voice commands, voice signatures, light emission signatures/signals, wireless communication signals (e.g. encrypted signals/commands), etc. may be used in combination with eye imaging and each other as a way of identifying potential secure share partners and sharing. In the event secure share partner(s) are identified, linking may be done automatically or through a user interface action, for example. In the event a user action is required, the display in the HWC 102 may display indications of who is a potential secure share partner by presenting the indications on a map, through AR, or otherwise. The AR interface may involve presenting the indication in at positions in the field of view of the HWC 102 that are indicative of a GPS location of the potential secure sharing partner (as described herein elsewhere). For further information on secure linking and file sharing see U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/181,473, entitled Secure Sharing in Head Worn Computing, filed Feb. 14, 2014, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to presentation techniques relating to the presentation of a known location or person or object at the known location. In embodiments, a spatially three-dimensional target line may be established between a first HWC 102 and a known geo-spatial location (e.g. as described by a gps location or other triangulation technology). Digital content may then be presented in a position in the field of view of the HWC 102 that corresponds, or is in-line, with the target line. The digital content may further be presented such that it comes into the wearer's view when the wearer focuses on a particular focal plane in the distance. The focal plane could then be aligned with the geo-spatial location such that when the wearer looks at the geo-spatial location, which is in-line with the target line, the digital content will come into view for the wearer and indicate the location with a proper visual perspective. In embodiments, the perceived environmental position indicative of the geo-spatial location may be verified by comparing the distance and angle defined by the virtual target line with a distance and angle measured by a range finder. This may be done to confirm that there are no obstacles in between the wearer of the HWC 102 and the geo-spatial location, for example. In the event that the verification indicates that there is an obstacle and that the geo-spatial location cannot be directly viewed, the digital content indicative of the location may be altered to indicate that the location is obstructed. The digital content may indicate if the location is in close proximity to the obstruction, far from the obstruction, etc. For further information on geo-spatial position visualizations see U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/205,313 entitled Spatial Location Presentation in Head Worn Computing, filed Mar. 11, 2014, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
An aspect of the present invention relates to presenting digital content in a field of view of a see-through head worn optical system at a position that is dependent on feedback from a sensor. In embodiments, the sensor provides information relating to a speed of forward motion of a person wearing the see-through head worn optical system. In embodiments, the content may be shifted to a portion of the FOV that provides for greater see-through visibility for the wearer. For example, if the wearer is walking, the content may be shifted towards the edge of the FOV so the person can focus on the surrounding environment while walking but still be able to view the content at the edges of the FOV. In other embodiments, the person may be moving very fast, driving a car, for example, and the content may be shifted even further towards the edge of the FOV, or even past the FOV such that the person can more intently focus on the environment. In embodiments, when the content is shifted beyond the FOV, the content may be removed from display entirely and it may re-appear when an indication is presented that the wearer wants to view it or that the motion has slowed. For example, the wearer may use an external UI, gesture, eye control command, etc. to cause the content to come back into the FOV. In embodiments, the wearer may be able to affirmatively cause the content to be moved to a location in the FOV dependent on his needs and this may modify or over-ride the content position shift based on the person's movement speed. For example, if the wearer is driving a car and the car is moving quickly, the wearer may choose to have the content displayed closer to the middle of the FOV and over-ride the auto-shift content position function.
When a user is moving through an environment while wearing a head worn computer, the method in which information is displayed may differ depending on a variety of factors that describe the way in which the user is moving. Factors such as speed, gaze direction, rate of change of gaze direction, rate of change of movement direction and the type of information being displayed may all affect how the user wants the information to be displayed.
In describing the method of display when moving, the pertinent information includes the heading that the user is looking along (generally referred to herein as “sight heading” or “sight vector”), the heading that the user is moving along (generally referred to herein as “movement heading” or “movement vector”) and the heading where the displayed information is visible by the user (generally referred to herein as “display heading” or “display vector”). Where headings are described in term of degrees as measured, for example, with a compass. Sight heading can be determined, for example, with an electronic compass or magnetometer in the HWC. Movement heading can be determined by multiple GPS readings, IMU readings, etc.
A method of presenting content is to provide the displayed information directly in front of the user all the time. In this case, the sight heading is the same as the display heading. This method can be less than ideal when the user is moving because the displayed information interferes with the view of the surrounding environment. With a see-through HWC, there can be times when the user would prefer to be provided with an unencumbered view of the environment. As such, there will be times when the user would prefer to not have displayed information in the see-through field of view. In embodiments, the process adjusts the display heading in response to the sight heading, movement heading and speed of movement. In further embodiments the method of the invention adjusts the display heading based on the type of information being displayed and in response to the sight heading, movement heading and speed of movement. In yet other embodiments, the method adjusts the display heading in response to indications of how the user is moving. In further embodiments, the brightness of the displayed image is reduced in response to the sight heading, movement heading and speed of movement.
Another example of when a user may not want to have displayed information presented in the see-through field of view is when some type of stimulus occurs in the adjacent vicinity such as a loud noise to the side of the user. Typically people respond to loud noises by turning their head to look toward the loud noise. At that point in time, the user would prefer to have an unencumbered view of the environment and, in embodiments, the content is removed based on the sound received at the HWC.
In another example, the user moves through an environment at various speeds. When a person is stationary, the person can look in any direction so the sight heading can change, but the movement heading doesn't change because there is no movement. If a person is walking, the person can look back and forth while moving, as such the sight heading can vary on either side of the movement heading and the sight heading can vary slowly. As the speed increases, it becomes more difficult for the person to look to the side for long periods of time so the sight heading can change more rapidly as the person glances to the side and in general the sight heading is more likely to match the movement heading. At high speed, such as running, the person needs to look directly ahead most of the time, so the sight heading matches the movement heading most of the time. When in a vehicle traveling at even greater speed, the person can only look briefly to the side when driving and most of the time must look ahead at the road where the sight heading matches the movement heading with only brief departures. Of course when the person is riding in a vehicle but not driving the vehicle, the person can look sideways for extended periods of time, as a result the sight heading can vary substantially from the movement heading.
Embodiments provide a process for determining the display heading that takes into account the way a user moves through an environment and provides a display heading that makes it easy for the user to find the displayed information while also providing unencumbered see-through views of the environment in response to different movements, speed of movement or different types of information being displayed.
In an embodiment, the display heading is determined based on speed of movement. At low speeds, the display heading may be substantially the same as the sight heading while at high speed the display heading may be substantially the same as the movement heading. In embodiments, as long as the user remains stationary, the displayed information is presented directly in front of the user and HWC. However, as the movement speed increases (e.g. above a threshold or continually, etc.) the display heading becomes substantially the same as the movement heading regardless of the direction the user is looking, so that when the user looks in the direction of movement, the displayed information is directly in front of the user and HMD and when the user looks to the side the displayed information is not visible.
Rapid changes in sight heading can be followed by a slower change in the display heading to provide a damped response to head rotation. Alternatively, the display heading can be substantially the time averaged sight heading so that the displayed information is presented at a heading that is in the middle of a series of sight headings over a period of time. In this embodiment, if the user stops moving their head, the display heading gradually becomes the same as the sight heading and the displayed information moves into the display field of view in front of the user and HMD. In embodiments, when there is a high rate of sight heading change, the process delays the effect of the time averaged sight heading on the display heading. In this way, the effect of rapid head movements on display heading is reduced and the positioning of the displayed information within the display field of view is stabilized laterally.
In another embodiment, display heading is determined based on speed of movement where at high-speed, the display heading is substantially the same as the movement heading. At mid-speed the display heading is substantially the same as a time averaged sight heading so that rapid head rotations are damped out and the display heading is in the middle of back and forth head movements.
In yet another embodiment, the type of information being displayed is included in determining how the information should be displayed. Augmented reality information that is connected to objects in the environment is given a display heading that substantially matches the sight heading. In this way, as the user rotates their head, augmented reality information comes into view that is related to objects that are in the see-through view of the environment. At the same time, information that is not connected to objects in the environment is given a display heading that is determined based on the type of movements and speed of movements as previously described in this specification.
In yet a further embodiment, when the speed of movement is determined to be above a threshold, the information displayed is moved downward in the display field of view so that the upper portion of the display field of view has less information or no information displayed to provide the user with an unencumbered see-through view of the environment.
In embodiments, the content may be positioned with respect to other types of sensors. For example, a sensor may detect an environmental condition that may be of interest and this may affect the position of the content in the display. For example, the sensor may be a chemical sensor, fire sensor, mechanical sensor, electrical sensor, audio sensor, biologic sensor, etc. and the sensor may detect the presence of danger or other condition that causes the wearer to want to view the surroundings in a clear view so the content may then shift in or out of the field of view, as described herein. In embodiments, the sensor(s) may be mounted on/in the HWC 102, local to the HWC 102, remote from the HWC 102, or otherwise located. In embodiments, the sensor input may cause content to be presented in the field of view and then the sensor input, from the same or a different sensor or combination of sensors, may cause the content to be re-positioned.
In embodiments, the sensor that assesses the wearer's movements may be a GPS sensor, IMU, accelerometer, etc. The content position may be shifted from a neutral position to a position towards a side edge of the field of view as the forward motion increases. The content position may be shifted from a neutral position to a position towards a top or bottom edge of the field of view as the forward motion increases. The content position may shift based on a threshold speed of the assessed motion. The content position may shift linearly based on the speed of the forward motion. The content position may shift non-linearly based on the speed of the forward motion. The content position may shift outside of the field of view. In embodiments, the content is no longer displayed if the speed of movement exceeds a predetermined threshold and will be displayed again once the forward motion slows.
In embodiments, the content position may generally be referred to as shifting; it should be understood that the term shifting encompasses a process where the movement from one position to another within the see-through FOV or out of the FOV is visible to the wearer (e.g. the content appears to slowly or quickly move and the user perceives the movement itself) or the movement from one position to another may not be visible to the wearer (e.g. the content appears to jump in a discontinuous fashion or the content disappears and then reappears in the new position).
Another aspect of the present invention relates to removing the content from the field of view or shifting it to a position within the field of view that increases the wearer's view of the surrounding environment when a sensor causes an alert command to be issued. In embodiments, the alert may be due to a sensor or combination of sensors that sense a condition above a threshold value. For example, if an audio sensor detects a loud sound of a certain pitch, content in the field of view may be removed or shifted to provide a clear view of the surrounding environment for the wearer. In addition to the shifting of the content, in embodiments, an indication of why the content was shifted may be presented in the field of view or provided through audio feedback to the wearer. For instance, if a carbon monoxide sensor detects a high concentration in the area, content in the field of view may be shifted to the side of the field of view or removed from the field of view and an indication may be provided to the wearer that there is a high concentration of carbon monoxide in the area. This new information, when presented in the field of view, may similarly be shifted within or outside of the field of view depending on the movement speed of the wearer.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to identification of various vectors or headings related to the HWC 102, along with sensor inputs, to determine how to position content in the field of view. In embodiments, the speed of movement of the wearer is detected and used as an input for position of the content and, depending on the speed, the content may be positioned with respect to a movement vector or heading (i.e. the direction of the movement), or a sight vector or heading (i.e. the direction of the wearer's sight direction). For example, if the wearer is moving very fast the content may be positioned within the field of view with respect to the movement vector because the wearer is only going to be looking towards the sides of himself periodically and for short periods of time. As another example, if the wearer is moving slowly, the content may be positioned with respect to the sight heading because the user may more freely be shifting his view from side to side.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to damping a rate of content position change within the field of view. As illustrated in
Another aspect of the present invention relates to simultaneously presenting more than one content in the field of view of a see-through optical system of a HWC 102 and positioning one content with the sight heading and one content with the movement heading.
In a further embodiment, in an operating mode such as when the user is moving in an environment, digital content is presented at the side of the user's see-through FOV so that the user can only view the digital content by turning their head. In this case, when the user is looking straight ahead, such as when the movement heading matches the sight heading, the see-through view FOV does not include digital content. The user then accesses the digital content by turning their head to the side whereupon the digital content moves laterally into the user's see-through FOV. In another embodiment, the digital content is ready for presentation and will be presented if an indication for its presentation is received. For example, the information may be ready for presentation and if the sight heading or predetermined position of the HWC 102 is achieved the content may then be presented. The wearer may look to the side and the content may be presented. In another embodiment, the user may cause the content to move into an area in the field of view by looking in a direction for a predetermined period of time, blinking, winking, or displaying some other pattern that can be captured through eye imaging technologies (e.g. as described herein elsewhere).
In yet another embodiment, an operating mode is provided wherein the user can define sight headings wherein the associated see-through FOV includes digital content or does not include digital content. In an example, this operating mode can be used in an office environment where when the user is looking at a wall digital content is provided within the FOV, whereas when the user is looking toward a hallway, the FOV is unencumbered by digital content. In another example, when the user is looking horizontally digital content is provided within the FOV, but when the user looks down (e.g. to look at a desktop or a cellphone) the digital content is removed from the FOV.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to collecting and using eye position and sight heading information. Head worn computing with motion heading, sight heading, and/or eye position prediction (sometimes referred to as “eye heading” herein) may be used to identify what a wearer of the HWC 102 is apparently interested in and the information may be captured and used. In embodiments, the information may be characterized as viewing information because the information apparently relates to what the wearer is looking at. The viewing information may be used to develop a personal profile for the wearer, which may indicate what the wearer tends to look at. The viewing information from several or many HWCs 102 may be captured such that group or crowd viewing trends may be established. For example, if the movement heading and sight heading are known, a prediction of what the wearer is looking at may be made and used to generate a personal profile or portion of a crowd profile. In another embodiment, if the eye heading and location, sight heading and/or movement heading are known, a prediction of what is being looked at may be predicted. The prediction may involve understanding what is in proximity of the wearer and this may be understood by establishing the position of the wearer (e.g. through GPS or other location technology) and establishing what mapped objects are known in the area. The prediction may involve interpreting images captured by the camera or other sensors associated with the HWC 102. For example, if the camera captures an image of a sign and the camera is in-line with the sight heading, the prediction may involve assessing the likelihood that the wearer is viewing the sign. The prediction may involve capturing an image or other sensory information and then performing object recognition analysis to determine what is being viewed. For example, the wearer may be walking down a street and the camera that is in the HWC 102 may capture an image and a processor, either on-board or remote from the HWC 102, may recognize a face, object, marker, image, etc. and it may be determined that the wearer may have been looking at it or towards it.
In embodiments, sight headings may be used in conjunction with eye headings or eye and/or sight headings may be used alone. Sight headings can do a good job of predicting what direction a wearer is looking because many times the eyes are looking forward, in the same general direction as the sight heading. In other situations, eye headings may be a more desirable metric because the eye and sight headings are not always aligned. In embodiments herein examples may be provided with the term “eye/sight” heading, which indicates that either or both eye heading and sight heading may be used in the example.
In embodiments, the process involves collecting eye and/or sight heading information from a plurality of head-worn computers that come into proximity with an object in an environment. For example, a number of people may be walking through an area and each of the people may be wearing a head worn computer with the ability to track the position of the wearer's eye(s) as well as possibly the wearer's sight and movement headings. The various HWC wearing individuals may then walk, ride, or otherwise come into proximity with some object in the environment (e.g. a store, sign, person, vehicle, box, bag, etc.). When each person passes by or otherwise comes near the object, the eye imaging system may determine if the person is looking towards the object. All of the eye/sight heading information may be collected and used to form impressions of how the crowd reacted to the object. A store may be running a sale and so the store may put out a sign indicating such. The storeowners and managers may be very interested to know if anyone is looking at their sign. The sign may be set as the object of interest in the area and as people navigate near the sign, possibly determined by their GPS locations, the eye/sight heading determination system may record information relative to the environment and the sign. Once, or as, the eye/sight heading information is collected and associations between the eye headings and the sign are determined, feedback may be sent back to the storeowner, managers, advertiser, etc. as an indication of how well their sign is attracting people. In embodiments, the sign's effectiveness at attracting people's attention, as indicated through the eye/sight headings, may be considered a conversion metric and impact the economic value of the sign and/or the signs placement.
In embodiments, a map of the environment with the object may be generated by mapping the locations and movement paths of the people in the crowd as they navigate by the object (e.g. the sign). Layered on this map may be an indication of the various eye/sight headings. This may be useful in indicating wear people were in relation to the object when then viewed they object. The map may also have an indication of how long people looked at the object from the various positions in the environment and where they went after seeing the object.
In embodiments, the process involves collecting a plurality of eye/sight headings from a head-worn computer, wherein each of the plurality of eye/sight headings is associated with a different pre-determined object in an environment. This technology may be used to determine which of the different objects attracts more of the person's attention. For example, if there are three objects placed in an environment and a person enters the environment navigating his way through it, he may look at one or more of the objects and his eye/sight heading may persist on one or more objects longer than others. This may be used in making or refining the person's personal attention profile and/or it may be used in connection with other such people's data on the same or similar objects to determine an impression of how the population or crowd reacts to the objects. Testing advertisements in this way may provide good feedback of its effectiveness.
In embodiments, the process may involve capturing eye/sight headings once there is substantial alignment between the eye/sight heading and an object of interest. For example, the person with the HWC may be navigating through an environment and once the HWC detects substantial alignment or the projected occurrence of an upcoming substantial alignment between the eye/sight heading and the object of interest, the occurrence and/or persistence may be recorded for use.
In embodiments, the process may involve collecting eye/sight heading information from a head-worn computer and collecting a captured image from the head-worn computer that was taken at substantially the same time as the eye/sight heading information was captured. These two pieces of information may be used in conjunction to gain an understanding of what the wearer was looking at and possibly interested in. The process may further involve associating the eye/sight heading information with an object, person, or other thing found in the captured image. This may involve processing the captured image looking for objects or patterns. In embodiments, gaze time or persistence may be measured and used in conjunction with the image processing. The process may still involve object and/or pattern recognition, but it may also involve attempting to identify what the person gazed at for the period of time by more particularly identifying a portion of the image in conjunction with image processing.
In embodiments, the process may involve setting a pre-determined eye/sight heading from a pre-determined geospatial location and using them as triggers. In the event that a head worn computer enters the geospatial location and an eye/sight heading associated with the head worn computer aligns with the pre-determined eye/sight heading, the system may collect the fact that there was an apparent alignment and/or the system may record information identifying how long the eye/sight heading remains substantially aligned with the pre-determined eye/sight heading to form a persistence statistic. This may eliminate or reduce the need for image processing as the triggers can be used without having to image the area. In other embodiments, image capture and processing is performed in conjunction with the triggers. In embodiments, the triggers may be a series a geospatial locations with corresponding eye/sight headings such that many spots can be used as triggers that indicate when a person entered an area in proximity to an object of interest and/or when that person actually appeared to look at the object.
In embodiments, eye imaging may be used to capture images of both eyes of the wearer in order to determine the amount of convergence of the eyes (e.g. through technologies described herein elsewhere) to get an understanding of what focal plane is being concentrated on by the wearer. For example, if the convergence measurement suggests that the focal plane is within 15 feet of the wearer, than, even though the eye/sight headings may align with an object that is more than 15 feet away it may be determined that the wearer was not looking at the object. If the object were within the 15 foot suggested focal plane, the determination may be that the wearer was looking at the object.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to collecting other peoples' eye/sight heading and predicting what they appear to be looking at. In embodiments, the process involves capturing image(s) of others through the use of a head-worn computer, understanding the geospatial location of the head-worn computer, processing the captured image(s) of the others to determine a sight heading for each of the others, estimating a geospatial position for each of the others, and then predicting, based on the other persons geospatial location and eye/sight direction, what the other person may be looking at. In embodiments, the image capture process may involve taking a series of images or video such that a persistence factor can be determined. As with other techniques described herein elsewhere, a prediction of the other person's eye/sight heading may be taken after it is recognized that the other person persisted in looking in a direction for a period of time (e.g. 1 or 2 seconds). In embodiments, the person collecting other people's interests (sometimes referred to as a “collector” herein) may locate himself at a particular geospatial location and the capture process may involve capturing images when another person is perceived as looking in a particular direction, as determined by their eye/sight heading, and they persist to look in the direction for a period of time. In embodiments, the series of images or video may be used to observe how the other person's eye/sight heading changes with their movement. For example, if their eye/sight heading continually changes, as if it is connected to something in the environment, while they move, the continual change may be understood as a persistence of gazing at an object in the environment. In embodiments, such a continual eye/sight change may be noted with respect to a person that is not moving, or moving slowly, and understood as a persistence of gaze with respect to a moving object in the environment. In embodiments, eye/sight headings may have a component of vertical aspect as well as horizontal to determine at what altitude the other person appears to be observing.
Observer A 5204 is in close proximity to the collector 5202. In this embodiment, the predicted GPS location of observer A 5204 appears to be within the predicted GPS location of the collector 5202, or at least near or within the measurement error of the GPS location. In this situation, the collector 5202 may establish observer A's 5204 eye/sight headings and then project an object line from the collector's GPS location, which can be used as an estimate of observer A's 5204 location, to understand if the object line intersects with an object of interest in the environment. Here, as indicated in the illustration, observer A 5204 has an eye/sight heading that appears in line with object B 5222. This may be an indication that observer A 5204 was looking at object B 5222 in the environment.
Observers B, C, and D, 5208, 5210, and 5212 are not as close to the collector 5202 as observer A 5204. This may cause a prediction of geospatial locations to be made. In embodiments, the collector captures an image of observer B 5208 and processes the image, or the image is processed remotely, to determine the observer's eye/sight heading and a prediction of the observer's geospatial location is also made. The geospatial location prediction may be made through the image processing (e.g. comparing the size of a known object with the size of the observer or portions of the observer, reviewing camera focal distance, etc.) or the location prediction may be based on other sensory input (e.g. a range finder, stereo camera parallax, structured light 3D solutions, etc.). With a prediction of geospatial location and eye/sight headings, an object sight line can be determined and the observer's interest in an intersecting object can be predicted.
In embodiments, eye and sight headings may be determined through image processing. For example, similar in nature to technologies described herein elsewhere with respect to determining a wearer's eye position, if the observer's eyes are visible in images captured by the camera in the collector's HWC, the observer's eye position may be predicted based on pupil's position, sclera viewed, symmetry of imagery of the two eyes, etc. If the observer's eyes are not visible in images captured by the camera in the collector's HWC, an approximation of the observer's sight heading may be still be determined by analyzing images captured of the observer by determining the direction of the shoulders and head, the angle of the head to the body, glasses to the body, other head or head-worn items to body parts, etc. For example, from the captured image, one may understand that the shoulders of the observer are at an angle as compared to the collector's camera. Where, the collector's camera angle may be known through an e-compass, or other position sensor, in the HWC 102 of the collector. A determination of the absolute value of the observer's shoulder position may be estimated from image analysis of the collector's body based on a comparison to the collector's e-compass heading. The observer's head position may then be determined by comparing various parts of the observer's head with the position of the observer's shoulders, to establish the observer's sight heading. The sight heading may be determined as a compass angle based on the references in the calculation. If eye position is of interest in addition to the sight heading, the eye position may be referenced by the sight heading to determine the eye heading.
In a further embodiment, sight headings for a group of observers can be collected by the collector moving through the group. The collected sight heading data can be presented in aggregate or by location within an area. Additional analysis of the images of the observers can be used to simultaneously determine general characteristics of the observers such as: height, volume (or weight), gender, age or race. This general characteristic data can be combined with the determined sight heading data to determine additional information about the type of people that are looking at specific objects in the environment.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to an optical configuration that provides digitally displayed content to an eye of a person wearing a head-worn display (e.g. as used in a HWC 102) and allows the person to see through the display such that the digital content is perceived by the person as augmenting the see-through view of the surrounding environment. The optical configuration may have a variable transmission optical element that is in-line with the person's see-through view such that the transmission of the see-through view can be increased and decreased. This may be helpful in situations where a person wants or would be better served with a high transmission see-through view and when, in the same HWC 102, the person wants or would be better served with less see-through transmission. The lower see-through transmission may be used in bright conditions and/or in conditions where higher contrast for the digitally presented content is desirable. The optical system may also have a camera that images the surrounding environment by receiving reflected light from the surrounding environment off of an optical element that is in-line with the person's see-through view of the surrounding. In embodiments, the camera may further be aligned in a dark light trap such that light reflected and/or transmitted in the direction of the camera that is not captured by the camera is trapped to reduce stray light.
In embodiments, a HWC 102 is provided that includes a camera that is coaxially aligned with the direction that the user is looking.
In the optical system 5315 shown in
In embodiments, the combiner 5335 is planar with an optical flatness that is sufficient to enable a sharp displayed image and a sharp captured image, such as a flatness of less than 20 waves of light within the visible wavelengths. However, in embodiments, the combiner 5335 may be curved in which case the displayed image and the captured image will both be distorted and this distortion will have to be digitally corrected by the associated image processing system. In the case of the displayed image, the image is digitally distorted by the image processing system in a direction that is opposite to the distortion that is caused by the curved combiner so the two distortions cancel one another and as a result the user sees an undistorted displayed image. In the case of the captured image, the captured image is digitally distorted after capture to cancel out the distortion caused by the curved combiner so that the image appears to be undistorted after image processing.
In embodiments, the combiner 5335 is an adjustable partial mirror in which the reflectivity can be changed by the user or automatically to better function within different environmental conditions or different use cases. The adjustable partial mirror can be an electrically controllable mirror such as for example, the e-Transflector that can be obtained from Kent Optronics (http://www.kentoptronics.com/mirror.html) where the reflectivity can be adjusted based on an applied voltage. The adjustable partial mirror can also be a fast switchable mirror (e.g. a switching time of less than 0.03 seconds) wherein the perceived transparency is derived from the duty cycle of the mirror rapidly switching between a reflecting state and a transmitting state. In embodiments, the images captured by the camera 5339 can be synchronized to occur when the fast switchable mirror is in the reflecting state to provide an increased amount of light to the camera 5339 during image capture. As such, an adjustable partial mirror allows for the transmissivity of the partial mirror to be changed corresponding to the environmental conditions, e.g. the transmissivity can be low when the environment is bright and the transmissivity can be high when the environment is dim.
In a further embodiment, the combiner 5335 includes a hot mirror coating on the side facing the camera 5339 wherein visible wavelength light is substantially transmitted while a spectral wavelength band of infrared light is substantially reflected and the camera 5339 captures images that include at least a portion of the infrared wavelength light. In these embodiments, the image light 5350 includes visible wavelength light and a portion of the visible wavelength light is transmitted by the combiner 5335, where it is then absorbed by the absorptive polarizer 5337. A portion of the scene light 5360 is comprised of visible wavelength light and this is also transmitted by the combiner 5335, to provide the user with a see-through view of the environment. The light from the environment 5370 is comprised of visible wavelength light and infrared wavelength light. A portion of the visible wavelength light along with substantially all of the infrared wavelength light within the spectral wavelength band associated with the hot mirror, is reflected by the combiner 5335 toward the camera 5339 thereby passing through the absorptive polarizer 5337. In embodiments, the camera 5339 is selected to include an image sensor that is sensitive to infrared wavelengths of light and the absorptive polarizer 5337 is selected to substantially transmit infrared wavelengths of light of both polarization states (e.g. ITOS XP44 polarizer which transmits both polarization states of light with wavelengths above 750 nm: see http://www.itos.de/english/polarisatoren/linear/linear.php) so that an increased % of infrared light is captured by the camera 5339. In these embodiments, the absorptive polarizer 5337 functions as a light trap for the escaping image light 5350 and thereby blocking the image light 5350 that is in the visible wavelengths from the camera 5339 while simultaneously acting as a window for infrared wavelength light from the environment 5370 for the camera 5339.
By coaxially aligning the camera field of view with the displayed image and the user's view of the scene, augmented reality images with improved alignment to objects in the scene can be provided. This is because the captured images from the camera provide an accurate representation of the user's perspective view of the scene. In embodiments, the camera that is coaxially aligned with the user's view captures an image of the scene, the processor then identifies an object in the captured image and identifies a field of view position for the object, which can be compared to the displayed field of view correlated position so digital content is then displayed relative to the position of the object.
Although embodiments of HWC have been described in language specific to features, systems, computer processes and/or methods, the appended claims are not necessarily limited to the specific features, systems, computer processes and/or methods described. Rather, the specific features, systems, computer processes and/or and methods are disclosed as non-limited example implementations of HWC. All documents referenced herein are hereby incorporated by reference.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/079,340, filed on Oct. 23, 2020, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/936,718, filed on Nov. 10, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,877,270, issued on Dec. 29, 2020, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/296,699, filed on Jun. 5, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,841,599, issued on Dec. 12, 2017, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
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| 20120249797 | Haddick | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120250152 | Larson | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120264510 | Wigdor | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120268449 | Choi | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120287398 | Baker | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120293548 | Perez | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120294478 | Publicover | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120306850 | Balan | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120307198 | Ifergan | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120326948 | Crocco | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120327040 | Simon | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120327116 | Liu | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20130009366 | Hannegan | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130009907 | Rosenberg | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130021658 | Miao | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130027337 | Chen | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130027437 | Gu | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130038729 | Chang | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130044042 | Olsson | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130063496 | Basler | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130063695 | Hsieh | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130069924 | Robinson | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130069985 | Wong | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130070344 | Takeda | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130077049 | Bohn | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130083003 | Perez | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130083009 | Geisner | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130083055 | Piemonte | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130088413 | Raffle | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130088415 | Totani | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130100259 | Ramaswamy | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130101253 | Popovich | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130106674 | Wheeler | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130120224 | Cajigas | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130120841 | Shpunt | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130127906 | Sugita | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130127980 | Haddick | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130135198 | Hodge | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130141434 | Sugden | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130147685 | Gupta | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130154913 | Genc | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130162632 | Varga | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130162673 | Bohn | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130169530 | Bhaskar | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130169560 | Cederlund | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130176533 | Raffle | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130176626 | Heinrich | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130185052 | Boyd | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130194389 | Vaught | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130196757 | Latta | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130201080 | Evans | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130201081 | Evans | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130207887 | Raffle | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130207970 | Shpunt | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130208508 | Nichol | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130214909 | Meijers | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130215149 | Hayashi | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130222270 | Winkler | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130222919 | Komatsu | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130230215 | Gurman | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130234914 | Fujimaki | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130235331 | Heinrich | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130241805 | Gomez | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130241948 | Kimura | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130242405 | Gupta | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130248691 | Mirov | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130249778 | Morimoto | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130249787 | Morimoto | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130250207 | Bohn | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130250415 | Gupta | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130250430 | Robbins | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130250503 | Olsson | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130257622 | Davalos | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130257709 | Raffle | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130258111 | Frank | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130265212 | Kato | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130265227 | Julian | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130278631 | Border | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130280682 | Levine | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130286168 | Park | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130293530 | Perez | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20130293580 | Spivack | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20130300637 | Smits | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20130300652 | Raffle | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20130321265 | Bychkov | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130321271 | Bychkov | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130321932 | Hsu | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130335301 | Wong | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130335435 | Ambrus | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130335461 | Rekimoto | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130336528 | Itani | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130336629 | Mulholland | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130342564 | Kinnebrew | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130342571 | Kinnebrew | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130342981 | Cox | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130346245 | Desore | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20140028704 | Wu | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140035959 | Lapstun | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140043682 | Hussey | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140055746 | Nistico | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140062854 | Cho | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140063054 | Osterhout | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140063055 | Osterhout | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140063473 | Pasolini | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140078043 | Kim | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140078282 | Aoki | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140091984 | Ashbrook | Apr 2014 | A1 |
| 20140101608 | Ryskamp | Apr 2014 | A1 |
| 20140104142 | Bickerstaff | Apr 2014 | A1 |
| 20140104692 | Bickerstaff | Apr 2014 | A1 |
| 20140111838 | Han | Apr 2014 | A1 |
| 20140111864 | Margulis | Apr 2014 | A1 |
| 20140125668 | Steed | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140125785 | Na | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140129328 | Mathew | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140139655 | Mimar | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140146394 | Tout | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140147829 | Jerauld | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140152530 | Venkatesha | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140152558 | Salter | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140152676 | Rohn | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140153173 | Pombo | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140159995 | Adams | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140160055 | Margolis | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140160137 | Martin | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140160157 | Poulos | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140160170 | Lyons | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140160576 | Robbins | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140168056 | Swaminathan | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140168266 | Kimura | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140168716 | King | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140168735 | Yuan | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140176591 | Klein | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140176603 | Kumar | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140176910 | Mahn | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140177023 | Gao | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140183269 | Glaser | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20140195918 | Friedlander | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20140204759 | Guo | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20140213280 | Sandel | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20140222929 | Grossman | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140225814 | English | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140232651 | Kress | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140240103 | Lake | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140240223 | Lake | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140240313 | Varga | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140247286 | Chi | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140253588 | Mandala | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140253605 | Border | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140267010 | Pasquero | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140268354 | Choi et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140275760 | Lee | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140279528 | Slaby | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140285631 | Janky | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140306866 | Miller | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140310075 | Ricci | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140320389 | Scavezze | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140320971 | Gupta | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140341441 | Slaby | Nov 2014 | A1 |
| 20140347572 | Liu | Nov 2014 | A1 |
| 20140361957 | Hua | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20140361976 | Osman | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20140362195 | Ng-thow-hing | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20140363797 | Hu | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20140372957 | Keane | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20140375542 | Robbins | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20140375545 | Ackerman | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20140375680 | Ackerman | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20140375683 | Salter | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20150002371 | Burgess | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| 20150002528 | Bohn | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| 20150012581 | Kim | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| 20150015977 | Karasawa | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| 20150022542 | Baba | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| 20150029088 | Kim | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| 20150035744 | Robbins | Feb 2015 | A1 |
| 20150042544 | Sugihara | Feb 2015 | A1 |
| 20150070773 | Wang et al. | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150085333 | Theytaz | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150097719 | Balachandreswaran | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150103404 | Rudy | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150106623 | Holman | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150134143 | Willenborg | May 2015 | A1 |
| 20150143297 | Wheeler | May 2015 | A1 |
| 20150145839 | Hack | May 2015 | A1 |
| 20150146004 | Kritt | May 2015 | A1 |
| 20150147000 | Salvador Marcos | May 2015 | A1 |
| 20150153572 | Miao | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150161913 | Dominguez | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150168730 | Ashkenazi | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150168731 | Robbins | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150169953 | Border | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150175068 | Szostak | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150178932 | Wyatt | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150181383 | Schulz | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150185480 | Ouderkirk | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150186636 | Tharappel | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150198807 | Hirai | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150201834 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150201835 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150201836 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150202962 | Habashima | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205035 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205100 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205101 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205102 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205103 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205104 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205105 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205107 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205108 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205111 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205112 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205113 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205114 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205115 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205116 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205117 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205118 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205119 | Osterhout | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205120 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205121 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205122 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205123 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205124 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205125 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205126 | Schowengerdt | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205127 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205128 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205129 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205130 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205131 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205132 | Osterhout | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205135 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205346 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205347 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205348 | Nortrup | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205349 | Nortrup | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205351 | Osterhout | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205373 | Osterhout | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205378 | Osterhout | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205384 | Osterhout | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205385 | Osterhout | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205387 | Osterhout | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205388 | Osterhout | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205401 | Osterhout | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205402 | Osterhout | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205494 | Scott | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150205566 | Osterhout | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150206008 | Border | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150206173 | Nortrup | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150212324 | Osterhout | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150212327 | Osterhout | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150213584 | Ishikawa | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150213650 | Barzuza | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150213754 | Amjad | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150226966 | Osterhout | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150226967 | Osterhout | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150228099 | Osterhout | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150228119 | Osterhout | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150228120 | Osterhout | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150229019 | Osterhout | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150234508 | Cho | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150235422 | Lohse | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150235429 | Miller | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150235622 | Border | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150241614 | Ide | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150241963 | Nortrup | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150241964 | Nortrup | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150241965 | Nortrup | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150241966 | Nortrup | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150243039 | Holz | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150245131 | Facteau | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150253573 | Sako | Sep 2015 | A1 |
| 20150260887 | Salisbury | Sep 2015 | A1 |
| 20150260986 | Nortrup | Sep 2015 | A1 |
| 20150261015 | Han | Sep 2015 | A1 |
| 20150277113 | Border | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150277116 | Richards | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150277118 | Border | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150277120 | Border | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150277122 | Border | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150277549 | Border | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150277559 | Vescovi | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150279010 | Cianfrone | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150279104 | Border | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150279107 | Border | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150279108 | Border | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150287048 | Nortrup | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150293587 | Wilairat | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150294156 | Border | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150294627 | Yoo | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150296150 | Benmokhtar Benabdellah | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150301593 | Border | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150302646 | Osterhout | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150302647 | Osterhout | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150304368 | Vaccari | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150309313 | Border | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150309314 | Border | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150309317 | Osterhout | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150309534 | Osterhout | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150309562 | Shams | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150309995 | Osterhout | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150316766 | Weaver | Nov 2015 | A1 |
| 20150316769 | Border | Nov 2015 | A1 |
| 20150316770 | Border | Nov 2015 | A1 |
| 20150316771 | Border | Nov 2015 | A1 |
| 20150316772 | Border | Nov 2015 | A1 |
| 20150331241 | Haddick | Nov 2015 | A1 |
| 20150332032 | Alameh | Nov 2015 | A1 |
| 20150338661 | Osterhout | Nov 2015 | A1 |
| 20150346496 | Haddick | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150346511 | Osterhout | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150347823 | Monnerat | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150355466 | Border | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150355468 | Osterhout | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150356772 | Osterhout | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150356775 | Osterhout | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150356776 | Osterhout | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150356777 | Osterhout | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150356778 | Osterhout | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150356779 | Osterhout | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150363975 | Osterhout | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150365628 | Ben-bassat | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150378074 | Kollin | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150382305 | Drincic | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20160005003 | Norris | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160007849 | Krueger | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160011417 | Border | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160015470 | Border | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160018640 | Haddick | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160018641 | Haddick | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160018642 | Haddick | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160018644 | Border | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160018645 | Haddick | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160018646 | Osterhout | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160018647 | Osterhout | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160018648 | Osterhout | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160018649 | Osterhout | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160018650 | Haddick | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160018651 | Haddick | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160018652 | Haddick | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160018653 | Haddick | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160018654 | Haddick | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160019715 | Haddick | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160019719 | Osterhout | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160021304 | Osterhout | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160025974 | Osterhout | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160025977 | Osterhout | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160025979 | Border | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160025980 | Osterhout | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160026239 | Border | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160027211 | Osterhout | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160027414 | Osterhout | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160035139 | Fuchs | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160045810 | Minkovitch | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160048018 | De Matos Pereira Vieira | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160048019 | Haddick | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160048021 | Border | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160048023 | Haddick | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160048160 | Haddick | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160049008 | Haddick | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160054566 | Osterhout | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160055675 | Kasahara | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160062118 | Osterhout | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160062121 | Border | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160077342 | Osterhout | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160081547 | Gramatikov | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160085071 | Border | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160085072 | Haddick | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160085278 | Osterhout | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160089272 | Li | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160091718 | Border | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160091719 | Border | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160103320 | Kovaluk | Apr 2016 | A1 |
| 20160109709 | Osterhout | Apr 2016 | A1 |
| 20160109711 | Border | Apr 2016 | A1 |
| 20160109713 | Osterhout | Apr 2016 | A1 |
| 20160116738 | Osterhout | Apr 2016 | A1 |
| 20160116745 | Osterhout | Apr 2016 | A1 |
| 20160116979 | Border | Apr 2016 | A1 |
| 20160131904 | Border | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160131911 | Border | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160131912 | Border | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160132082 | Border | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160133201 | Border | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160137312 | Osterhout | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160140826 | Sahiholnasab | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160147063 | Border | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160147064 | Border | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160147065 | Border | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160147070 | Border | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160154242 | Border | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160154244 | Border | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160161743 | Osterhout | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160161747 | Osterhout | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160170207 | Haddick | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160170208 | Border | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160170209 | Border | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160170699 | Border | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160171769 | Haddick | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160171846 | Brav | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160187651 | Border | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160187658 | Osterhout | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160189426 | Thomas | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160202492 | Mercer | Jul 2016 | A1 |
| 20160202946 | Osterhout | Jul 2016 | A1 |
| 20160207457 | Border | Jul 2016 | A1 |
| 20160216516 | Border | Jul 2016 | A1 |
| 20160216517 | Border | Jul 2016 | A1 |
| 20160231571 | Border | Aug 2016 | A1 |
| 20160239985 | Haddick | Aug 2016 | A1 |
| 20160240008 | Haddick | Aug 2016 | A1 |
| 20160241842 | Newbery | Aug 2016 | A1 |
| 20160246055 | Border | Aug 2016 | A1 |
| 20160252325 | Sammut et al. | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160252731 | Border | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160259166 | Border | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160274361 | Border | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160274365 | Bailey | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160282626 | Border | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160286177 | Border | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160286203 | Border | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160286210 | Border | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160306173 | Tsukahara | Oct 2016 | A1 |
| 20160329634 | Osterhout | Nov 2016 | A1 |
| 20160357019 | Border | Dec 2016 | A1 |
| 20160370606 | Huynh | Dec 2016 | A1 |
| 20170017323 | Yu | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170023790 | Border | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170024007 | Pelis | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170024035 | Pelis | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170025091 | Haddick | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170031395 | Osterhout | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| 20170115486 | Border | Apr 2017 | A1 |
| 20170153455 | Takahashi | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170188013 | Presler | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170188021 | Lo et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170206417 | Aoyama et al. | Jul 2017 | A1 |
| 20170235152 | Border | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170242250 | Border | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170242251 | Border | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170242255 | Border | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170242256 | Border | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170243561 | Border | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170329138 | Haddick | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170343810 | Bietry | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170343812 | Border | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170343813 | Bietry | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170343814 | Bietry | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170343815 | Border | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170343816 | Bietry | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170343817 | Bietry | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170343822 | Border | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170363872 | Border | Dec 2017 | A1 |
| 20170363949 | Valente et al. | Dec 2017 | A1 |
| 20180067314 | Nortrup | Mar 2018 | A1 |
| 20180067319 | Border | Mar 2018 | A1 |
| 20180102846 | Aoyama et al. | Apr 2018 | A1 |
| 20180114566 | Aoyama et al. | Apr 2018 | A1 |
| 20180129056 | Nortrup | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180267303 | Border | Sep 2018 | A1 |
| 20210181509 | Border | Jun 2021 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2316473 | Jan 2001 | CA |
| 2362895 | Dec 2002 | CA |
| 2388766 | Dec 2003 | CA |
| 104977785 | Oct 2015 | CN |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20220413299 A1 | Dec 2022 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14936718 | Nov 2015 | US |
| Child | 17079340 | US | |
| Parent | 14296699 | Jun 2014 | US |
| Child | 14936718 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 17079340 | Oct 2020 | US |
| Child | 17850680 | US |
