Patent Application
20150270900
This disclosure relates generally to communications, and more specifically to optical data transfer utilizing lens isolation.
Electronic devices frequently transfer data to and/or from other electronic devices. For example, a mobile computing device such as a tablet or smartphone may communicate with a desktop computer, laptop computer, docking station, and/or other electronic device for the purposes of synching data on the mobile computing device and/or data on the other electronic device. In order to enable such communication, electronic devices often include one or more connection mechanisms that may be utilized for such communication.
For example, electronic devices may include one or more contacts that may contact one or more contacts of another electronic device. Such contacts may be made of metal. The connection between the contacts may be utilized to transmit and/or receive data between the electronic devices.
However, such a configuration typically necessitates the metal contacts being exposed to the external environment. Such exposure (such as to moisture in the external environment) may cause the contacts to erode over time. Such corrosion may adversely impact the aesthetics of the electronic devices. Further, such corrosion may also alter the resistance of the contacts, impairing the functionality of the contacts.
This problem may be exacerbated when the electronic devices are wearable devices, such as electronic watches or glasses, and/or when the electronic devices come into frequent contact with skin or other body components. Exposure to skin or other body components may cause the electronic devices to be exposed to sebum, perspiration, oleic acid, other body chemicals, and/or other chemicals used by users in daily life. Such exposure may be even more corrosive to contacts that moisture and/or other conditions of the external environment.
The present disclosure discloses systems and methods for optical data transfer utilizing lens isolation. A first electronic device may optically communicate with a second electronic device. Each of the devices may include one or more optical transmitters, one or more optical receivers, and one or more lenses where each of the lenses may include at least a first and a second optical path that are optically isolated from each other. When the first electronic device transmits data to the second electronic device, an optical transmitter of the first electronic device may transmit to an optical receiver of the second electronic device via the first optical paths of the lenses of the first and second electronic devices. Similarly, when the first electronic device receives data from the second electronic device, an optical receiver of the first electronic device may receive from an optical transmitter of the second electronic device via the second optical paths of the lenses of the first and second electronic devices. As transmission and receipt are isolated, they may be performed simultaneously and this increase data throughput over systems that either receive or transmit at a single time.
The first and second paths of either of the lenses may be optically isolated in a variety of ways. In some cases, various portions of one of the lenses may comprise separate windows and the first and second paths may correspond to different portions, and thus different separate windows. For example, the different portions may be constructed from different materials, such as one portion constructed from zirconium and/or opaque zirconium and another portion constructed from sapphire and/or sapphire glass. Such different portions may be coupled in a variety of ways, such as utilizing glue and/or other adhesive. By way of another example, the different portions may be separated by one or more separator elements. Such separator elements may hinder the ability of light to propagate from one portion to another and may include a brazing ring, silicon, metal, adhesive, and/or other such materials.
In other cases, the first and second optical paths may be isolated by lens geometry and/or by configuration of the optical transmitters and/or receivers. For example, the lens may be shaped such that the first and second optical paths are optically isolated and do not interfere with each other. By way of another example, an optical transmitter and an optical receiver of one of the electronic devices may each be pointed at the lens of that device at opposing forty-five degree angles. Due to such opposite angling, light traveling between each set of transmitter and receiver may not propagate through the lens to interfere with light traveling between the other set.
In various implementations, a system for optical data transfer may include a first electronic device with at least one first device optical transmitter, at least one first device optical receiver, and at least one first device lens including at least a first optical path and a second optical path where the first optical path is optically isolated from the second optical data path; and a second electronic device with at least one second device lens. The at least one first device optical transmitter may transmit utilizing at least the first optical path and the at least one first device optical receiver may receive utilizing at least the second optical path.
In some implementations, an electronic device includes at least one optical transmitter; at least one optical receiver; and at least one lens including at least a first optical path and a second optical path where the first optical path is optically isolated from the second optical data path. The at least one optical transmitter may transmit to an additional electronic device utilizing at least the first optical path and the at least one optical receiver may receive from the additional electronic device utilizing at least the second optical path.
In one or more implementations, a method for optical data transfer using lens isolation includes constructing at least one lens with a first optical path and a second optical path wherein the first optical path is optically isolated from the second optical path; coupling the at least one lens to a first electronic device; and configuring the first electronic device to at least one of: utilize at least one optical transmitter to transmit to a second electronic device via the first optical path; or utilize at least one optical receiver to receive from the second electronic device via the second optical path.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are for purposes of example and explanation and do not necessarily limit the present disclosure. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate subject matter of the disclosure. Together, the descriptions and the drawings serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
The description that follows includes sample systems, methods, and computer program products that embody various elements of the present disclosure. However, it should be understood that the described disclosure may be practiced in a variety of forms in addition to those described herein.
The present disclosure discloses systems and methods for optical data transfer utilizing lens isolation. A first electronic device may optically communicate with a second electronic device. Each of the devices may include one or more optical transmitters, one or more optical receivers, and one or more lenses. Each of the lenses may include at least a first and a second optical path that are optically isolated from each other. When the first electronic device transmits data to the second electronic device, an optical transmitter of the first electronic device may transmit to an optical receiver of the second electronic device via the first optical paths of the lenses of the first and second electronic devices. Similarly, when the first electronic device receives data from the second electronic device, an optical receiver of the first electronic device may receive from an optical transmitter of the second electronic device via the second optical paths of the lenses of the first and second electronic devices. As the communication is performed optically through lenses that may be resistant and/or immune to corrosion, the devices may suffer fewer problems caused by exposure to the environment, body chemicals, and/or other such substances. As transmission and receipt are isolated, they may be performed simultaneously and this increase data throughput over systems that either receive or transmit at a single time.
In various cases, the optical transmitter of the first and/or second electronic device may be at least one light source. Such a light source may be any kind of light source such as a light emitting diode (LED), and organic light emitting diode (OLED), a laser a light transmitter, an incandescent light source, an infrared transmitter, and/or other such device capable of producing light. Similarly, the optical receiver of the first and/or second electronic device may be a light detector. Such a light detector be any kind of light detector such as a photo diode, a light receiver, an infrared detector, and/or other such device capable of detecting light.
The first and second paths of either of the lenses may be optically isolated in a variety of ways. In some cases, various portions of one of the lenses may comprise separate windows and the first and second paths may correspond to different portions, and thus different separate windows.
For example, the different portions may be constructed from different materials (such as one portion constructed from zirconium and/or opaque zirconium and another portion constructed from sapphire and/or sapphire glass). Such different portions may be coupled in a variety of ways, such as utilizing glue and/or other adhesive.
By way of another example, the different portions may be separated by one or more separator elements. Such separator elements may hinder the ability of light to propagate from one portion to another and may include a brazing ring, silicon, metal, adhesive, and/or other such materials.
In other cases, the first and second optical paths may be isolated by lens geometry and/or by configuration of the optical transmitters and/or receivers. For example, the lens may be shaped (such as including multiple separate regions of concavity or convexity) such that the first and second optical paths are optically isolated and do not interfere with each other.
By way of another example, an optical transmitter and an optical receiver of one of the electronic devices may each be pointed at the lens of that device at opposing forty-five degree angles (and the corresponding optical receiver and optical transmitter may be angled accordingly) such that the light from the transmitter travels at an angle through the lens to the lens and receiver of the other device and the light received from the lens of the other device travels at an opposing angle through the lens to be received by the receiver. Due to such opposite angling, light traveling between each set of transmitter and receiver may not propagate through the lens to interfere with light traveling between the other set.
In various cases, the lenses may operate to aid in transmission of light between optical transmitters and optical receivers. For example, a lens may collect light transmitted by an optical transmitter and focus the collected light upon an optical receiver. In this way, more of the light transmitted by the optical transmitter may be received by the optical receiver. This may enable consumption of less power for data transmission, utilization of less time for data transmission, and/or other such benefits.
In various implementations, data transmission accomplished using one or more optical transmitters and/or optical receivers may transmit any kind of data. Such data may include, but is not limited to authentication data, one or more software and/or firmware updates, one or more serial numbers, one or more model numbers, and so on. The transmission frequency and/or amplitude of the light, as examples, may be encoded with data for transmission.
For example, in some cases the first electronic device may be a dock for the second electronic device. In such cases, one or more optical transmitters and/or optical receivers of the first and second electronic devices may be utilized to transmit and/or receive authentication data, one or more software and/or firmware updates, one or more serial numbers, one or more model numbers, and/or other such data from the dock to the second electronic device and/or from the second electronic device to the dock.
In some implementations, one or more optical transmitters and/or optical receivers may also be utilized for purposes other than data transmission. For example, an optical transmitter may also be utilized to provide one or more indicator lights to a user when not being used to transmit data between electronic devices. By way of another example, an optical receiver may be utilized as an ambient light detector to determine an ambient light level of an environment in which an electronic device is operating when not being used to receive data between electronic devices.
By way of still another example, one or more optical transmitters and/or optical receivers may be utilized to determine whether or not a first electronic device is docked and/or otherwise aligned with a second electronic device. In such an example, one or more optical transmitters of such a first electronic device may periodically, continually, or otherwise transmit (such as in response to a signal from one or more alignment elements). Similarly, one or more receivers of the other device may periodically, continually, or otherwise (such as in response to a signal from one or more alignment elements) monitor for such a transmission. Upon receipt of such a transmission, the second may determine that the devices are docked and/or otherwise aligned. At such time, the second device may utilize transmit a signal to the first device indicating acknowledgment that the devices are docked and/or otherwise aligned. Transmission may be initiated in a variety of manners, such as in response to a signal from one or more alignment elements of the device or devices such as one or more magnets, switches, detents, buttons, or other elements that detects that the devices are docked and/or otherwise aligned. These indications of alignment may trigger an instruction to begin transmission, for example. It should be appreciated that these are but a handful of examples of suitable structures that may be used to initiate a transmission.
By way of yet another example, one or more optical transmitters and/or optical receivers may be utilized to wake up and/or otherwise alter the power or other state of one or more components of a first electronic device and/or a second electronic device. For example, such a component may be a power transmission and/or charging system component. In such an example, one or more optical transmitters of such a first or electronic device may periodically, continually, or otherwise transmit (such as in response to a signal from one or more alignment elements) and one or more receivers of the other device may periodically, continually, or otherwise (such as in response to a signal from one or more alignment elements) monitor for such a transmission. Upon receipt of such a transmission, the device including the receiver may wake up and/or otherwise alter the power state of a power transmission and/or charging system component of the first and/or second electronic device in order for power transmission and/or charging to be performed between the first and second electronic devices. Similar structures and/or conditions as those discussed above with respect to docking may be used initiate transmission, as may any other suitable structures and/or conditions.
By way of still another example, one or more optical transmitters and/or optical receivers may be utilized in one or more power control systems involving the first electronic device and the second electronic device. In some cases, the first electronic device may be a dock or other device that is capable of transmitting power (such as via induction) to the second electronic device. In various examples of such cases, one or more optical transmitters and/or optical receivers of the dock and/or second electronic device may be utilized for controlling and/or otherwise negotiating the status of such power transmission.
In a first example of such a case, one or more optical transmitters and/or optical receivers of the dock and/or second electronic device may be utilized to transmit and/or receive error control packets and/or other information. Such error control packets and/or other information may be utilized to transmit and/or receive a power state of the second electronic device, a battery charge level of the second electronic device, characteristics of power being transmitted and/or received, and/or other such error control. In response to such error control packets or information, one or more characteristics of the power transmission may be adjusted such as increasing and/or decreasing voltage, wattage, duty cycle, amplitude, frequency, and/or any other power characteristic.
In a second example of such a case, one or more optical transmitters and/or optical receivers of the dock and/or second electronic device may be utilized to transmit and/or receive one or more interrupts for such power transmission. For example, interrupts may be transmitted and/or received when the second electronic device is no longer prepared to receive transmitted power (such as where the second electronic device determines to stop receiving power based on thermal considerations), becomes ready to receive power (such as after the second electronic device determined to stop receiving power based on thermal considerations and such thermal considerations have abated), and/or other such interrupts.
In various implementations where the first electronic device is a dock for the second electronic device, one or more optical transmitters and/or optical receivers of the dock and/or second electronic device may be utilized to detect whether or not the second electronic device is currently docked.
For example, such a dock may be connected to a power source such as a wall outlet and may be operable to transit power to charge one or more batteries and/or otherwise power the second electronic device. In such a case, if it is determined utilizing the one or more optical transmitters and/or optical receivers that the second electronic device is docked, the dock may transmit power accordingly. However, if it is determined utilizing the one or more optical transmitters and/or optical receivers that the second electronic device is not docked, the dock may not transmit power. As such, the dock may not utilize power for power transmission when the second device is not docked.
Although the present disclosure is illustrated and described as utilizing one or more lenses and/or optical transmitters and/or optical receivers of the first and/or second electronic devices that are visibly exposed, it is understood that this is an example. Other configurations are possible and contemplated without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
For example, in various implementations one or more portions of a housing (such as a lid) and/or other elements of the first and/or second electronic devices may be sufficiently thin that at least some light or other optical signal is able to pass. For instance, a portion of a lid may be configured to be thinner than other portions of the lid such that at least some light is able to pass into and/or out of the thinned portion. In this way, transmission may be accomplished without visibly exposed light sources, optical transmitters, optical receivers, and/or lenses and a ‘clean’ look of the first and/or second electronic devices may be accomplished.
The first and/or second electronic devices may be any kind of electronic devices. Such electronic devices may be desktop computers, laptop computers, mobile computers, wearable devices such as electronic watches and/or glasses, tablet computers, digital media players, set top boxes, cellular telephones, smart phones, kitchen appliances, automobiles, and/or any other such electronic device.
The first electronic device 101 may include one or more processing units 106, one or more non-transitory storage media 107 (which may take the form of, but is not limited to, a magnetic storage medium; optical storage medium; magneto-optical storage medium; read only memory; random access memory; erasable programmable memory; flash memory; and so on), one or more optical receivers 108, one or more optical transmitters 109a and 109b, and one or more lenses 103. The processing unit 106 may execute instructions stored in the non-transitory storage medium 107 to perform a variety of first electronic device functions, such as optical data communication with the second electronic device 102.
Similarly, the second electronic device 102 may include one or more processing units 113, one or more non-transitory storage media 114, one or more optical receivers 116a and 116b, one or more optical transmitters 115, and one or more lenses 110. The processing unit 113 may execute instructions stored in the non-transitory storage medium 114 to perform a variety of first electronic device functions, such as optical data communication with the first electronic device 101.
Although the first electronic device 101 is shown and described above with one optical receiver 108 and two optical transmitters 109a and 109b and the second electronic device 102 is shown and described above with one optical transmitter 115 and two optical receivers 116a and 116b, it is understood that this is an example. In various implementations, the first and second electronic devices may include any number of corresponding optical transmitters and receivers without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
As illustrated, the lens 103 may include a middle portion 104 and outer portions 120 separated by separator elements 105. As such, the middle portion may correspond to a first optical path and the outer portions may correspond to a second optical path. The middle portion may be constructed from a different material than the outer portions. For example, the middle portion may be zirconium and/or opaque zirconium and the outer portions may be sapphire and/or sapphire glass. Additionally, the separator element may be constructed from a variety of different materials such as a brazing ring, silicon, metal, and/or adhesive. The separator element may couple the middle portion to the outer portions, such as where adhesive is used to join the middle portion to the outer portion or where a brazing ring is used to braze the middle portion to the outer portion.
Although the lens 103 is illustrated as having a separator element 105 and the middle portion 104 is described as being formed of a different material than the outer portions 120 and being separated from the outer portions by a separator element 105, it is understood that this is an example. In various implementations, the middle portion may be constructed of a different material than the outer portion but may not be separated from such by a separator element. Further, in some implementations, the middle portion may be constructed of the same material as the outer portions but may be separated from the outer portions by the separator element.
The different materials of the middle portion 104 and the outer portions 120 and/or the separation of the middle portion from the outer portions by the separator element 105 may prevent light from the first optical path from interfering with the second optical path or at least partially mitigate such interference and vice versa. Absent such different materials, separator elements, or other mechanisms for optically isolating the first optical path from the second optical path, light in either path passing through the lens may not only pass through the lens in a straight line. Instead, a portion of the light may propagate through the lens other than in the original direction of travel, thus causing light from one optical path to interfere with one or more other optical paths. This may hinder transmission of data, or at least make the transmission of data more difficult. By optically isolating the optical paths, transmission of data may be improved and/or made less error prone.
Similarly, as illustrated, the lens 110 may include a middle portion 111 and outer portions 121 separated by separator elements 111. As such, the middle portion may correspond to a first optical path and the outer portions may correspond to a second optical path. The middle portion may be constructed from a different material than the outer portions. For example, the middle portion may be zirconium and/or opaque zirconium and the outer portions may be sapphire and/or sapphire glass. Additionally, the separator element may be constructed from a variety of different materials such as a brazing ring, silicon, metal, and/or adhesive. The separator element may couple the middle portion to the outer portions, such as where adhesive is used to join the middle portion to the outer portion or where a brazing ring is used to braze the middle portion to the outer portion.
Returning to
In some cases, one or more of the optical transmitters 109a, 109b, and/or 115 and/or the optical receivers 116a, 116b, and/or 108 may also be utilized for purposes other than data transmission. For example, one or more of the optical transmitters 116a, 116b, and/or 108 may also be utilized to provide one or more indicator lights to a user when not being used to transmit data. By way of another example, one or more of the optical receivers 116a, 116b, and/or 108 may be utilized as an ambient light detector to determine an ambient light level of an environment in which the respective electronic device is operating when not being used to receive data.
By way of still another example, one or more optical transmitters 109a, 109b, and/or 115 and/or the optical receivers 116a, 116b, and/or 108 may be utilized to determine whether or not the electronic devices 101 and 102 are docked and/or otherwise aligned. In such an example, one or more optical transmitters of the first device may periodically, continually, or otherwise transmit (such as in response to a signal from one or more alignment elements) and one or more receivers of the second device may periodically, continually, or otherwise (such as in response to a signal from one or more alignment elements) monitor for such a transmission. Upon receipt of such a transmission, the second device may determine that the devices are docked and/or otherwise aligned. At such time, the second device may transmit an acknowledgment that the devices are docked and/or otherwise aligned to the first device. Transmission may be initiated in a variety of manners, such as in response to a signal from one or more alignment elements of the device or devices such as one or more magnets, switches, detents, buttons, or other elements that detects that the devices are docked and/or otherwise aligned. These indications of alignment may trigger an instruction to begin transmission, for example. It should be appreciated that these are but a handful of examples of suitable structures that may be used to initiate a transmission.
By way of yet another example, one or more optical transmitters 109a, 109b, and/or 115 and/or optical receivers 116a, 116b, and/or 108 may be utilized to wake up and/or otherwise alter the power or other state of one or more components of the first and/or second electronic devices 101 and 102. For example, such a component may be a power transmission and/or charging system component. In such an example, one or more optical transmitters of such a first electronic device may periodically, continually, or otherwise transmit (such as in response to a signal from one or more alignment elements) and one or more receivers of the second device may periodically, continually, or otherwise (such as in response to a signal from one or more alignment elements) monitor for such a transmission. Upon receipt of such a transmission, the second device may wake up and/or otherwise alter the power state of a power transmission and/or charging system component of the first and/or second electronic device in order for power transmission and/or charging to be performed between the first and second electronic devices. Similar structures and/or conditions as those discussed above with respect to docking may be used initiate transmission, as may any other suitable structures and/or conditions.
The system 100 may enable simultaneous transmission and receiving of data optically between the first electronic device 101 and the second electronic device 102. This may enable faster communication than if the devices had to utilize the same optical path at different times in order to accomplish transmission and/or receipt without loss of data.
Although the system 100 is illustrated and described as having two optical paths (one being a single channel data path via light 117 illustrated in
Contrasted with the system 100 of
When light is transmitted by the transmitter 208 to the receiver 216, the concavity of the concave portion 204a may function to collect the light from the transmitter and focus the path of the light through the lens 203 to the concave portion 204b such that little or none of the light propagates through the lens 203 to interfere with light travelling between the transmitter 215 and the receiver 209. Light travelling from the concave portion 204b may be received and collected by the concave portion 211a, the concavity of which may function to collect the light and focus the path of the light through the lens 210 to the concave portion 211b such that little or none of the light propagates through the lens 210 to interfere with light travelling between the transmitter 215 and the receiver 209. As such, the path between the transmitter 208 and the receiver 216 is isolated.
Similarly, when light is transmitted by the transmitter 215 to the receiver 209, the concavity of the concave portion 212b may function to collect the light from the transmitter and focus the path of the light through the lens 210 to the concave portion 212a such that little or none of the light propagates through the lens 210 to interfere with light travelling between the transmitter 208 and the receiver 216. Light travelling from the concave portion 212a may be received and collected by the concave portion 205b, the concavity of which may function to collect the light and focus the path of the light through the lens 203 to the concave portion 205a such that little or none of the light propagates through the lens 203 to interfere with light travelling between the transmitter 208 and the receiver 216. As such, the path between the transmitter 215 and the receiver 209 is isolated.
Further, although the system 200 is illustrated and described as utilizing pairs of concave portions to optically isolate optical paths, it is understood that this is an example. In various implementations, other lens geometry may be utilized to optically isolate optical paths. For example, one or more convex portions may be utilized, combinations of convex and concave portions, and/or other lens geometry.
Additionally, in addition to and/or instead of lens geometry, angling and/or position of optical receivers and transmitters may be utilized to optically isolate optical paths. For example, the optical transmitters 208 and 215 and optical receivers 209 and 216 in the system 200 are illustrated as oriented at 90 degrees with respect to the respective lenses 203 and 210. However, in other implementations, transmitters for different optical paths may be oriented at 45 degree angles with respect to the corresponding lens at opposing directions from each other (and the corresponding optical receiver may be correspondingly arranged in order to receive the transmitted light). For example, in such a case the transmitter 208 may be angled at a 45 degree angle with respect to the lens 203 toward the left side of
The flow begins at block 301 and proceeds to block 302 where a lens may be constructed with at least a first and second optical paths that are optically isolated from each other. The flow then proceeds to block 303 where the lens may be coupled to a first electronic device. The flow then proceeds to block 304.
At block 304, the first electronic device may be configured to at least one of utilize an optical transmitter to transmit to a second electronic device via the first optical path or utilize an optical receiver to receive from the second electronic device via the second optical path. In some cases, the first electronic device may be configured to do both.
The flow then proceeds to block 305 and ends.
Although the method 300 is illustrated and described above as including particular operations performed in a particular order, it is understood that this is an example. In various implementations, various arrangements of the same, similar, and/or different operations may be performed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
For example, the method 300 describes constructing a single lens and coupling it to a first electronic device. However, in various implementations the method may also include constructing an additional lens with at least a third and fourth optical paths that are optically isolated from each other and/or coupling such a lens to the second electronic device.
As described above and illustrated in the accompanying figures, the present disclosure discloses systems and methods for optical data transfer utilizing lens isolation. A first electronic device may optically communicate with a second electronic device. Each of the devices may include one or more optical transmitters, one or more optical receivers, and one or more lenses. Each of the lenses may include at least a first and a second optical path that are optically isolated from each other. When the first electronic device transmits data to the second electronic device, an optical transmitter of the first electronic device may transmit to an optical receiver of the second electronic device via the first optical paths of the lenses of the first and second electronic devices. Similarly, when the first electronic device receives data from the second electronic device, an optical receiver of the first electronic device may receive an optical receiver of the second electronic device via the second optical paths of the lenses of the first and second electronic devices. As the communication is performed optically through lenses that may be resistant and/or immune to corrosion, the devices may suffer fewer problems caused by exposure to the environment, body chemicals, and/or other such substances. As transmission and receipt are isolated, they may be performed simultaneously and this increase data throughput over systems that either receive or transmit at a single time.
In the present disclosure, the methods disclosed may be implemented as sets of instructions or software readable by a device. Further, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods disclosed are examples of sample approaches. In other embodiments, the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the method can be rearranged while remaining within the disclosed subject matter. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not necessarily meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.
The described disclosure may be provided as a computer program product, or software, that may include a non-transitory machine-readable medium having stored thereon instructions, which may be used to program a computer system (or other electronic devices) to perform a process according to the present disclosure. A non-transitory machine-readable medium includes any mechanism for storing information in a form (e.g., software, processing application) readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). The non-transitory machine-readable medium may take the form of, but is not limited to, a magnetic storage medium (e.g., floppy diskette, video cassette, and so on); optical storage medium (e.g., CD-ROM); magneto-optical storage medium; read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); erasable programmable memory (e.g., EPROM and EEPROM); flash memory; and so on.
It is believed that the present disclosure and many of its attendant advantages will be understood by the foregoing description, and it will be apparent that various changes may be made in the form, construction and arrangement of the components without departing from the disclosed subject matter or without sacrificing all of its material advantages. The form described is merely explanatory, and it is the intention of the following claims to encompass and include such changes.
While the present disclosure has been described with reference to various embodiments, it will be understood that these embodiments are illustrative and that the scope of the disclosure is not limited to them. Many variations, modifications, additions, and improvements are possible. More generally, embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure have been described in the context or particular embodiments. Functionality may be separated or combined in blocks differently in various embodiments of the disclosure or described with different terminology. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements may fall within the scope of the disclosure as defined in the claims that follow.
