Patent Application
20060023586
This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-224138, filed Jul. 30, 2004, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an optical disk on which information can be recorded using a laser beam, an information recording and reproducing apparatus which records and reproduces the information on and from the optical disk, and an information reproducing apparatus which reproduces the information recorded on the optical disk. Particularly the invention relates to a method of confirming an information recording state of a write-once (recordable) disk.
2. Description of the Related Art
As is well known, recently an optical disk having a capacity of 4.7 GB in one layer on one side has become commercially practicable as an optical disk on which information can be recorded at high density. Particularly, the market has rapidly expanded for DVD−R (ECMA-279) and DVD+R (ECMA-349), which are write-once media.
In these optical disks, an information recording layer is formed on a transparent substrate, and the laser beam is focused on the information recording layer, which allows the information to be recorded and reproduced. The information recording layer in the optical disk has a track referred to as guide groove which is means for recording and reproducing the information. The information is recorded and reproduced along the guide groove. A physical address is formed on the track in order to determine a position where the information is recorded and reproduced.
In addition to user data (contents such as programs recorded under the direction of a user), the information recorded in the disk includes management data indicating the position and the contents in which the user data is recorded. In a reproduction-only disk in which the recording capacity is previously known at the time of recording, and in a rewritable disk in which the information can be rewritten after the information is recorded, usually the management data indicating the user data recording state is recorded on an inner radius side of the disk. Accordingly, the user data final recording position and the like can be recognized at the stage in which the inner radius side of the disk is reproduced. Conversely, since the recording data cannot be rewritten in the write-once disk, the management data recorded once in the inner radius side cannot be updated. Therefore, the recording position of the latest (last) management information is not unknown, the outermost radius of the user data is not determined. As a result, in order to determine the outermost radius position, it is necessary that the reproduction is performed to the end to determine that a time when servo is disabled is set at the outermost radius.
In contrast, in Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 9-16966, “data indicating the end of the recording data” is arranged in the outermost radius of the recording data such as the user data, and the end of the recording data can be confirmed before the servo is disabled by indicating the end of the data. However, when the data is additionally written later, a specific method how the “data indicating the end of the recording data” is dealt with is not described. Namely, the specific method of additionally writing the data is not shown.
In the write-once medium such as CD-R and DVD−R, the data cannot be rewritten. Accordingly, for example, when overwrite is performed, the problem is generated in reading the continuous pieces of data, so that the method disclosed in Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 9-16966 cannot be adopted. In DVD−R, instead of the method disclosed in Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 9-16966, a part of the recording data of one ECC BLOCK which is the minimum recording unit is left blank while the recording is not performed, which defines next border marker (NBM) indicating the end of the recording data. On the other hand, in the case of the reproduction-only optical disk apparatus, when a blank in one ECC BLOCK exists, the tracking is disabled.
Thus, when the servo is disabled while the end of the data is not revealed in advance, not only does it take a long time to search and recognize the disk, but also the problems that the apparatus might be broken is generated.
In view of the foregoing, an object of the invention is to provide an optical disk, an optical disk reproducing apparatus, an optical disk recording apparatus, an optical disk reproducing method, and an optical disk recording method, in which the information indicating the end of the recording data can be recorded and changed to the write-once medium while the servo signal is maintained and the recording data is stably read.
An information recording and reproducing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: an optical pickup which focuses a laser beam onto an information recording surface of an optical disk to record and reproduce information; an unit which records first user data on a write-once optical disk using the optical pickup, the information being additionally written on the write-once optical disk; an unit which records first final recording position information (NBM) which indicates an end position of the recorded information in the outside of the first user data using the optical pickup; an unit which records second user data on the write-once optical disk; an overwriting unit which overwrites a predetermined pattern over the first final recording position information (NBM); and an unit which records second final recording position information (NBM) which indicates the end position of the recorded information in the outside of the second user data.
An optical disk, an optical disk reproducing apparatus, an optical disk recording apparatus, an optical disk reproducing method, and an optical disk recording method, in which the information indicating the end of the recording data can be recorded and changed to the write-once medium while the servo signal is maintained and the recording data is stably read, are provided.
Additional advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention, and together with the general description given above and the detailed description of the embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Referring now to the accompanying drawings, a preferred embodiment of the invention will be described.
The optical disk 10 of the invention has plural areas in a radial direction, and the kind of a piece of information to be recorded in each area is previously determined. The information recording layer is mainly divided into an embossing read-in area 11 which is a reproduction-only system area, a read-in area 12 which is a recordable system area, and a data area 13 in which the user data is recorded. In the embossing read-in area 11, the information is recorded by the embossing pits, i.e. projections and depressions of the disk surface. The grooves are formed in areas other than the embossing read-in area 11.
A management area A which manages the recording state of the data area 13 is provided in the read-in area 12. Specifically the information, such as a start position address and an end position address of the data recorded in the data area 13, is recorded as recording position information. In addition, the pieces of management information such as a next recording position, a recording position of inner-radius-side and outer-radius-side learning areas, a post-learning optimum waveform information, information showing whether a protection area is used as an extended learning area or not, and a terminal position of the data area updated in changing the terminal position of the data area are recorded as necessary. Since the information cannot be overwritten on the write-once disk, these pieces of management information are recorded and updated in a collective manner (as a series of pieces of data). The series of pieces of data is generally handled in the same unit as an error correction unit. Namely, when even a part of the contents is updated, all the pieces of information are additionally written from the inner radius side toward the outer radius side of the management information recording area of the disk as appropriate.
Further, a format information storage area A is provided. Control information is recorded in the format information storage area A. The control information is utilized when the optical disk on which the data is recorded is reproduced with a reproduction-only optical disk apparatus. The information which is common with the management information recorded in the recording state management area A is also recorded in the control information. The format information storage area A also has the function as a running approach or an overrun permitting area when the reproduction-only optical disk apparatus performs tracking control to the recording pits.
The user data is recorded in the data area 13. In order to reproduce the disk on which the user data is recorded with the reproduction-only optical disk apparatus, an area referred to as a border-out area or read-out area by which the user data is followed is provided when the disk is taken from the recording apparatus. When the user data is recorded, a border-in area is provided between the border-out area and the next user data. A recording state management area A′ is provided in the border-out area. The latest recording position information RMD in the recording state management area A is copied in the recording state management area A′. The final recording position information NBM (Next Border Maker) indicating the end position of the border is recorded in a predetermined position. In addition, control information A (SB) indicating the recording position of the final recording position information NBM is recorded. The border-out area has the function as the overrun permitting area when the reproduction-only optical disk apparatus performs the tracking control to the recording pits. Accordingly, dummy data and the like are inserted as the border-out aria between the pieces of effective information. The border-in area has the same function as the read-in area 12.
In the case where it is previously determined that the user data is not continuously recorded, the recording position of the user data is set to the recording position information RMD and recorded in the recording information management areas A and A′. In this case, the border-out area is also referred to as a read-out area. The information indicating the end of the user data is recorded in the read-out area, and the read-out area has the function as the overrun permitting area when the reproduction-only optical disk apparatus performs the tracking control to the recording pits.
The light reflected from the disk passes through an optical system of the PUH again, and the light is detected as an electric signal by a photodetector (PD). An output signal of the photodetector is amplified by a pre-amplifier and output to a servo circuit, an RF signal processing circuit, and an address signal processing circuit.
The servo circuit generates servo signals such as a focusing signal and a tracking signal, and the servo signals are output to a focusing actuator and a tracking actuator in the PUH respectively. The RF signal processing circuit extracts the user data and the management information from the reproduced signal. The address signal processing circuit extracts address information, and the extracted address information is output to a controller.
The controller reads the data such as the specified user data and records the user data and the management information in the desired position based on the address information. The controller can erase the information in an already-recorded portion by obtaining an access to the desired position based on the address information to overwrite the particular data in the already-recorded portion.
The signal to be recorded is modulated into a recording waveform signal suitable to the optical disk recording by a recording signal processing circuit. An LD drive circuit (LDD) causes an LD (Laser Diode) to emit light in the PUH based on the recording waveform signal, and the information is recorded on the optical disk. Besides generating the waveform for the usual data recording, the recording signal processing circuit can generate the waveform for overwriting erase. The recording signal processing circuit changes the waveforms under the direction of the controller. The RF signal processing circuit has not only the usual data reproducing function but also the later-mentioned erase data determining processing function. The RF signal processing circuit performs the erase data determining process under the direction of the controller.
Then, a tracking control method in the recording apparatus will be described.
In the recording apparatus, since the beam is scanned along the optical disk groove, as described above, usually the PP type of tracking control system is mounted.
Then, the tracking control in the reproduction-only apparatus will be described. There is no groove in the reproduction-only disk, but the plural pits are formed. Further, because the shape of the pit is formed so that a higher priority is placed on quality of a sum signal, it is difficult that the tracking servo signal is obtained by the difference signal using the PP method.
In the apparatus shown in
Then, referring to
As shown in
In the optical disk at this stage, since a gap (data absent area) exists between the user data areas in which the mark is recorded, the reproduction cannot be performed by the reproduction-only apparatus in which the tracking can be performed only to the mark.
Therefore, in order to ensure compatibility with the reproduction-only apparatus, the recording apparatus can perform a closing process.
The format information (FI) immediately in front of the user data also serves as the border-in area. It is possible that the format information is provided while being in contact with the user data as described above, or it is possible that the format information is provided while separated from the user data as shown in
The area between the border-in and the border-out is referred to as the border. The information such as the end position of the border is recorded in the format information and the RMD # 3. Accordingly, the border state whether the information can additionally be written or not, the border start position, and the border end position can be known by reproducing the format information or the RMD # 3. The information indicating that the next border does not exist is recorded in the NBM. When the NBM is discovered, the optical disk apparatus ends the reproduction at that time. Thus, in the closed disk, since the recording marks are continuously formed from the border-in to the border-out, the reproduction is enabled in the reproduction-only apparatus.
When the next information is further recorded, as shown in
When a failure of NBM recording is confirmed by reproduction evaluation operation after the NBM is recorded (not shown), the SB and the NBM are recorded after the predetermined amount of dummy data is recorded subsequent to the usual border-out. Further, a flag indicating that the NBM is re-recorded and the position information on the re-recorded information are recorded as the RMD.
In this case, the RMD is updated in the read-in area. However, it is also possible that the RMD is further recorded in a part of the data area. Namely, for example, it is possible that the RMD is recorded in the area between the user data # 1 and the user data # 2.
Then, a procedure of reproducing the information from the optical disk with the reproduction-only apparatus will be described.
In the DPD type of reproduction-only apparatus, since the access to the recording management zone RMD cannot be performed in the read-in area shown in
As shown in
Referring to
Referring to
In the optical disk, usually the recording is performed in units of a data segment. The data segment may include a VFO which is an introduction part, a postamble indicating the end of the user data, a buffer, and the like besides the user data. The user data is stored in a data field. The data field is divided into plural sectors, and the sector is divided into plural frames. A sector ID, by which the reproduction-only apparatus reads data attribute and address, and a correction code (PI) for an error correction process are recorded in a frame 0 in addition to the user data. The user data and the correction code (PI) are recorded in other frames. The information of one ECC BLOCK which is one unit of the error correction is stored in the data field. In the case of the usual reproduction-only apparatus, when no piece of information is recorded in the data field, as described above, the tracking control cannot be performed, and the sector ID cannot be read.
Then, a method of recording and detecting the NBM will be described.
The following methods can be cited as the method of recording the information indicating the final recording position in the NBM.
A) A predetermined series of particular patterns is recorded.
In order to simplify the detection of the NBM, there is a method of recording the predetermined particular pattern, which is an embodiment of the invention. When the particular patterns are continuous, generally there is the problem that the DPD type tracking servo signal is not output or the quality is decreased. However, adoption of one of the following methods or the plural methods allows the quality of the DPD signal to be secured: (a) the code used in the particular pattern is limited to the same run-length as for the usual data area, (b) at least two kinds of code are used, and (c) the NBM is limited to a width not more than one turn of the track, and the usual modulation data area is provided in the adjacent track. At this point, it is desirable that the width of the NBM is about one ECC BLOCK or two ECC BLOCKs.
B) As with the user data, the information indicating the final recording position is recorded in the data field.
C) The information indicating the final recording position is recorded in ID.
In the cases of the methods B) and C), it is possible that the information indicating the final position (particular pattern) is recorded across one entire ECC BLOCK. Further, it is possible that the information indicating the final position and the dummy data to which the usual modulation is performed are alternately recorded at intervals of one sector or one frame.
Then, the method of erasing the NBM will be described.
In the write-once disk, the recording layer is formed based on the premise that only one-time recording is performed. Therefore, in the case where the data is overwritten, the data located in the overwritten portion is broken and the data cannot be reproduced. In the invention, while the information is broken by overwriting the pattern shown below, the tracking signal such as the DPD signal can be maintained.
Erasing method A)
Erasing method B) As shown in
Erasing method C) As shown in
Then, the overwrite range will be described.
Range a) As shown in
The original information can securely be erased. However, in the case of the erasing method C), since the DPD signal is not output over the long range, it is not preferable that the range a) is used.
Range b) As shown in
Because the ID includes the address information and the attribute information on the data, by leaving the ID, the address can be obtained or the data attribute can be confirmed. Accordingly, the address search can stably performed after erasing the overwrite.
Range c) As shown in
Usually, because the recording and non-recording are controlled in units of a sector, when the control is performed in sector units, the overwriting process becomes simplified. Further, the ID remains at intervals of one sector and the address information can be obtained, so that the address can stably be reproduced by a complementation process. Even if the erasing method C) is adopted, the decrease range is shortened in the one-time DPD signal, so that the tracking can be relatively stably performed.
Range d) As shown in
As with the range b), sector ID can be read. In addition, even if the erasing method C) is adopted, the decrease range is shortened in the one-time DPD signal, so that the tracking can be relatively stably performed.
Referring to
When the disk is inserted into the optical disk apparatus (ST1), the servo such as the focusing servo is enabled to focus the beam spot on the information recording surface of the optical disk (ST2).
Then, the information in the embossing read-in area is reproduced (ST3). At this point, the kind of the disk is determined. When the disk is the write-once disk according to the invention, subsequently the format information in the read-in area is reproduced (ST4).
When the format information is confirmed, the beam spot is moved to the end of the user data portion of the border based on the format information (ST7). When the format information is absent, since the disk cannot be reproduced, the disk reproduction is aborted (ST6).
Once the beam spot is moved to the end of the user data portion, subsequently the border-out is reproduced to confirm the information on the NBM (ST8).
When the information indicating the end of the recording data is recorded in the NBM, since the border is the last border, the beam spot is returned to the last user data portion to reproduce the information (ST11 and ST12).
When the information indicating the end of the recording data is erased in the NBM by the overwrite, since the next border is present, the beam spot is moved to the format information in the next border (ST10). Then, the same procedure is repeated until the NBM in which the information indicating the end of the recording data is recorded is discovered.
The above descriptions are only the embodiments of the invention. The apparatuses and methods of the invention are not limited to the above descriptions, and various modifications can be realized. Such modifications should also be included in the invention. Further, the invention should also include the apparatuses or methods which are formed by appropriately combining the constituents, functions, features, and methods and steps in each embodiment.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2004-224138 | Jul 2004 | JP | national |
