Optical element having antireflection film

[0001] The present invention relates to an optical element having an antireflection film. It relates to an optical element having an antireflection film that has excellent adhesiveness between a plastic substrate and the antireflection film, abrasion resistance, heat resistance, alkali resistance and impact resistance.

[0002] Heretofore known are optical elements having an antireflection film provided on a plastic substrate. Also known are optical elements having a thin metal film layer provided on the surface of a plastic substrate for enhancing the adhesiveness between the plastic substrate and the antireflection film. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 186202/1987 discloses an antireflection film for an optical element having a thin metal film layer provided on the surface of a plastic substrate, in which the metal layer is made of a metal selected from the group consisting of copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), gold (Au), chromium (Cr), palladium (Pd) and tin (Sn).

[0003] However, these optical elements having an antireflection film are unsatisfactory with respect to their heat resistance and impact resistance. Therefore, it is desirable to provide optical elements having an antireflection film that have improved physical properties such as heat resistance, abrasion resistance, alkali resistance and impact resistance.

[0004] Heretofore, in general, a basic layer made of SiO2 has been provided in a plastic lens for enhancing the strength of coating films. However, the basic layer made of SiO2 has a drawback of lowering the heat resistance of the plastic lens.

[0005] The present invention provides an optical element having an antireflection film having excellent adhesiveness between a plastic substrate and the antireflection film, heat resistance, abrasion resistance, alkali resistance and impact resistance.

[0006] The present invention addresses the problems noted above. The inventors have determined that when a layer made of niobium (Nb) is provided between a plastic substrate and an antireflection film to form an optical element, the adhesiveness between the plastic substrate and the antireflection film, the heat resistance, abrasive resistance, alkali resistance and the impact resistance of the optical element are improved.

[0007] The optical element of the invention has a basic layer made of Nb, and therefore, has not only excellent adhesiveness between the plastic substrate and the antireflection film, heat resistance and impact resistance, but also excellent alkali and abrasion resistance and properties such that an absorbance index inherent to metals is low.

[0008] The basic layer may consist of Nb (that is 100% by weight of Nb), or may comprise a mixture of niobium and up to 50% by weight, preferably 25% by weight of other elements such as aluminum(Al), chromium(Cr), tantalum(Ta) and mixtures of two or more thereof. The antireflection film may also be comprised of multi-layers, and at least one of the layers is obtainable by an ion-assisted process. The basic layer comprising Nb may also be formed by an ion-assisted process.

[0009] The “ion-assisted process” referred to herein is a well known process also called “ion beam assisted vapor deposition process”. According to this process, a material is deposited on a substrate, such as a lens substrate, by vapor deposition using an ion plasma in a gas atmosphere, such as argon (Ar) and/or oxygen. In a common apparatus suitable to perform this process, preferred vapor deposition conditions are an accelerating voltage of 100-250V, and an accelerating current of 50-150 mA. A detailed description is given in e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,268,781. Further details can be derived from M. Fliedner et al., Society of Vacuum Coaters, Albuquerque, N.M., USA. p237-241, 1995 as well as from the references cited therein.

[0010] In the ion-assisted process, argon (Ar) may be used as the ionizing gas for preventing oxidation of films being formed. Although argon is preferred, other ionizing gases such as oxygen and nitrogen, or mixtures of these gases could also be used. This stabilizes the quality of the films formed and enables easy control of the thickness of the films by the use of an optical film thickness meter.

[0011] For ensuring good adhesiveness between the plastic substrate and the basic layer and for ensuring good uniformity of the initial film morphology in vapor deposition in the ion-assisted process, the plastic substrate may be subjected to ion gun pretreatment before the basic layer is formed thereon. The ionizing gas in the ion gun pretreatment may be any of oxygen, nitrogen, Ar, or mixtures thereof. For the preferred power range, the accelerating voltage is from 50 V to 200 V, and the accelerating current is from 50 mA to 150 mA. If the accelerating voltage is lower than 50 V, or the accelerating current is lower than 50 mA, an effect for improving the adhesiveness between the plastic substrate and the basic layer formed thereon may not be sufficient. However, if the accelerating voltage exceeds 200 V, or the accelerating current exceeds 150 mA, the plastic substrate and also the cured film and the hard coat layer thereon may possibly be yellowed, or the abrasion resistance of the optical element may possibly be lowered.

[0012] In the invention, after the basic layer comprising Nb has been formed on the substrate, an antireflection layer is formed by any suitable process. For example, it may be formed by vapor deposition, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD), or by other methods such as ion plating vapor deposition.

[0013] In one embodiment, the antireflection film has at least one SiO2 layer as a low-refraction layer and at least one TiO2 layer as a high-refraction layer. If desired, the antireflection film may have a metal layer comprising Nb.

[0014] For relieving the stress within the low-refraction layer such as an SiO2 layer, when the SiO2 layer is formed in an ion-assisted process in which Ar is used for the ionizing gas for SiO2 deposition, the abrasion resistance can be improved. Regarding the ion-assisting condition for obtaining the result, the ion current density on the dome in the vapor deposition device is from 15 to 35 μA, and the accelerating voltage is from 400 to 700 V. If the ion current density is lower than 15 μA or the accelerating voltage is lower than 400 V, both an effect for relieving the stress and an effect for improving the abrasion resistance may be hardly obtained. If, however, the ion current density exceeds 35 μA or the accelerating voltage exceeds 700 V, the plastic substrate may possibly be yellowed, or the optical performance may possibly be adversely affected.

[0015] The high-refraction layer such as a TiO2 layer may also be formed in an ion-assisted process. For the ionizing gas in the ion-assisted process for forming the high-refraction layer, a mixed gas of O2 and Ar is used. The mixing ratio of O2 to Ar based on the volume of flowing gases preferably ranges from 1:0.5-2. It is possible to improve the refractive index of the high-refraction layer formed and to promote the improvement of the abrasion resistance by using an ion-assisted process. Materials for forming the high-refraction layer are TiO2, Nb2O5, Ta2O5, ZrO2, Y2O3, and mixtures thereof. Preferred examples include TiO2, Nb2O5, Ta2O5 and mixtures thereof.

[0016] As a suitable ion-assisting condition for using TiO2, Nb2O5 or their mixtures as the metal oxide, the ion current density on the dome in the vapor deposition device is from 8 to 15 μA, and the accelerating voltage is from 300 to 700 V. The volume ratio of O2 to Ar in the ionizing gas mixture is from 1/0.7 to 1/1.0. If the ion current density, the accelerating voltage and the ionizing gas ratio overstep the defined ranges, the intended refractive index may not be obtained, and, in addition, its absorbance index may likely increase, and its abrasion resistance may possibly be lowered.

[0017] As a suitable ion-assisting condition for using Ta2O5 or its mixtures as the metal oxide, the ion current density on the dome in the vapor deposition device is from 12 to 20 μA, and the accelerating voltage is from 400 to 700 V. The volume ratio of O2 to Ar in the ionizing gas mixture is from 1/0.5 to 1/2.0. If the ion current density, the accelerating voltage and the ionizing gas ratio overstep the defined ranges, the intended refractive index may not be obtained, and, in addition, its absorbance index may likely increase, and its abrasion resistance may possibly be lowered.

[0018] A suitable thickness of the basic layer of the optical element of the invention is from 1.0 to 5.0 nm. If its thickness oversteps the defined range, the basic layer may possibly present a problem of absorbance within the film.

[0019] One embodiment of the layer constitution of the basic layer and the antireflection film formed on the plastic substrate is described below. Herein, the laminate of the 1st to 7th layers serves as the antireflection film.

[0020] Basic layer: Nb layer (film thickness: 1 to 5 nm)

[0021] 1st layer: SiO2 layer (film thickness: 5 to 50 nm)

[0022] 2nd layer: TiO2 layer (film thickness: 1 to 15 nm)

[0023] 3rd layer: SiO2 layer (film thickness: 20 to 360 nm)

[0024] 4th layer: TiO2 layer (film thickness: 5 to 55 nm)

[0025] 5th layer: SiO2 layer (film thickness: 5 to 55 nm)

[0026] 6th layer: TiO2 layer (film thickness: 5 to 130 nm)

[0027] 7th layer: SiO2 layer (film thickness: 70 to 100 nm)

[0028] The ranges of the film thickness mentioned above are the most preferred ones for the adhesiveness between the plastic substrate and the antireflection film and for the heat resistance and impact resistance of the optical element.

[0029] Another embodiment of the layer constitution of the basic layer and the antireflection film is mentioned below. Herein, the laminate of the 1st to 7th layers serves as the antireflection film.

[0030] Basic layer: Nb layer (film thickness: 1 to 5 nm)

[0031] 1st layer: SiO2 layer (film thickness: 20 to 100 nm)

[0032] 2nd layer: Nb layer (film thickness: 1 to 5 nm)

[0033] 3rd layer: SiO2 layer (film thickness: 20 to 100 nm)

[0034] 4th layer: TiO2 layer (film thickness: 5 to 55 nm)

[0035] 5th layer: SiO2 layer (film thickness: 5 to 50 nm)

[0036] 6th layer: TiO2 layer (film thickness: 5 to 130 nm)

[0037] 7th layer: SiO2 layer (film thickness: 70 to 100 nm)

[0038] The ranges of the film thickness mentioned above are the most preferred ones for the adhesiveness between the plastic substrate and the antireflection film and for the heat resistance and impact resistance of the optical element.

[0039] The material for the plastic substrate for use in the invention is not specifically limited. Suitable materials include, for example, methyl methacrylate homopolymers, copolymers of methyl methacrylate and one or more other monomers such as diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate or benzyl methacrylate, diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate homopolymers, copolymers of diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate and one or more other monomers such as methyl methacrylate and benzyl methacrylate, sulfur-containing copolymers, halogen copolymers, polycarbonates, polystyrenes, polyvinyl chlorides, unsaturated polyesters, polyethylene terephthalates, polyurethanes, and polythiourethanes. Preferred examples include polythiourethane, diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate homopolymers, and sulfur-containing copolymers.

[0040] If desired, the optical element of the invention may have a cured film between the plastic substrate and the basic layer.

[0041] For the cured film, in general, a coating composition is used that comprises metal oxide colloid particles and one or more organosilicon compounds represented by the following general formula (1):

(R1)a(R2)bSi(OR3)4−(a+b) (1)

[0042] wherein R1 and R2each independently represents an organic group selected from an C1-8 alkyl group, an C2-8 alkenyl group, an aryl group, a phenyl group, a 5-or 6-membered heteroaryl group having at least one heteroatom selected from sulfur and nitrogen which may optionally be substituted by one or more C1-3 alkyl group (s), an C1-8 acyl group, a halogen atom, a glycidoxy group, an epoxy group, an amino group, a phenyl group, a mercapto group, a methacryloxy group, and a cyano group; R3represents an organic group selected from an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an C1-8 acyl group, and a phenyl group; and a and b each independently indicates an integer of 0 or 1. For applying the coating composition onto the surface of a plastic lens substrate, any ordinary method of dip coating, spin coating, or spraying may be employed. In view of the smoothness of the coated film, especially preferred is dip coating or spin coating. Having been applied to lens substrates, the composition is cured by drying it in hot air or by exposing it to active energy rays. Preferably, it is cured in hot air at 70 to 200° C., and more preferably at 90 to 150° C. For the active energy rays, preferred are far-infrared rays as not damaging the film by heat.

[0043] The metal oxide colloid particles generally are fine metal oxide particles having a particle size of 1-500 nm. Preferred examples thereof are colloid particles of tungsten oxide (WO3), zinc oxide (ZnO), silicon oxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), titanium oxide (TiO2), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), tin oxide (SnO2), beryllium oxide (BeO) orantimony oxide (Sb2O5) These metal oxides may be used either singly or in admixture of two or more thereof.

[0044] The organosilicon compound of the general formula (1) includes, for example, methyl silicate, ethyl silicate, n-propyl silicate, isopropyl silicate, n-butyl silicate, sec-butyl silicate, tert-butyl silicate, tetraacetoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, methyltripropoxysilane, methyltriacetoxysilane, methyltributoxysilane, methyltripropoxysilane, methyltriamyloxysilane, methyltriphenoxysilane, methyltribenzyloxysilane, methyltriphenethyloxysilane, glycidoxymethyltrimethoxysilane, glycidoxymethyltriethoxysilane, α-glycidoxyethyltriethoxysilane, β-glycidoxyethyltrimethoxysilane, β-glycidoxyethyltriethoxysilane, α-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, α-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, β-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, β-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropyltripropoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropyltributoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropyltriphenoxysilane, α-glycidoxybutyltrimrethoxysilane, α-glycidoxybutyltriethoxysiane, β-glycidoxybutyltrimethoxysilane, β-glycidoxybutyltriethoxysilane, γ-glycidoxybutyltrimethoxysialne, γ-glycidoxybutyltriethoxysilane, δ-glycidoxybutyltrimethoxysiane, δ-glycidoxybutyltriethoxysilane, (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)methyltrimethoxysilane, (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)methyltriethoxysilane, β-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, β-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltriethoxysilane, β-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltripropoxysilane, β-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltributoxysilane, β-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltriphenoxysilane, γ-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)propyltrimethoxysilane, γ-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)propyltriethoxysilane, δ-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)butyltrimethoxysilane, δ-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)butyltriethoxysilane, glycidoxymethylmethyldimethoxysilane, glycidoxymethylmethyldiethoxysilane, α-glycidoxyethylmethyldimethoxysilane, α-glycidoxyethylmethyldiethoxysilane, β-glycidoxyethylmethyldimethoxysilane, β-glycidoxyethylmethyldiethoxysilane, α-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, α-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, β-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, β-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropylmethyldipropoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropylmethyldibutoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropylmethyldiphenoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropylethyldimethoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropylethyldiethoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropylvinyldimethoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropylvinyldiethoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropylphenyldimethoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropylphenyldiethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxyethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, phenyltriacetoxysilane, γ-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-chloropropyltriethoxysilane, γ-chloropropyltriacetoxysilane, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, β-cyanoethyltriethoxysilane, chloromethyltrimethoxysilane, chloromethyltriethoxysilane, N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, γ-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, phenylmethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, phenylmethyldiethoxysilane, γ-chloropropylmethyldimethoxysilane, γ-chloropropylmethyldiethoxysilane, dimethyldiacetoxysilane, γ-methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, γ-methacryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, γ-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, γ-mercaptopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, methylvinyldimethoxysilane, and methylvinyldiethoxysilane.

EXAMPLES

[0045] The invention is described in more detail with reference to the following Examples, which, however, are not intended to restrict the scope of the invention.

[0046] The physical properties of the optical elements obtained in the following Examples and Comparative Examples were evaluated according to the methods mentioned below.

[0047] (1) Luminous Transmittance:

[0048] Using a spectrophotometer, U-3410 made by Hitachi, Ltd., the luminous transmittance, Y of a plastic lens as a sample, having an antireflection film on both surfaces, was measured.

[0049] (2) Luminous Reflectance:

[0050] Using a spectrophotometer, U-3410 made by Hitachi, Ltd., the luminous reflectance, Y of a plastic lens as a sample, having an antireflection film on both surfaces, was measured.

[0051] (3) Film Adhesiveness:

[0052] Using a cutting tool, the surface of a plastic lens was cut to have 100 cross-cuts of 1 mm×1 mm each. An adhesive tape, Cellotape was stuck on its cross-cut area, and peeled off at a stroke. The number of remained cross-cuts was counted and shown in the following Tables, in which (number of cross-cuts remained)/100 indicates the film adhesiveness.

[0053] (4) Abrasion Resistance:

[0054] The surface of a plastic lens was rubbed with steel wool under a load of 1 kgf/cm2 applied thereto. After 20 strokes of rubbing, the surface condition of the plastic lens was evaluated according to the following criteria:

[0055] UA: Scratched little.

[0056] A: A few thin scratch marks found.

[0057] B: Many thin scratch marks and a few thick scratch marks found.

[0058] C: Many thin and thick scratch marks found.

[0059] D: Almost completely peeled.

[0060] (5) Heat Resistance:

[0061] A plastic lens was put into an oven preheated to a selected temperature, and was left there for 1 hour. This experiment was performed at different temperatures, starting from 60° C. with increments of 5°. The temperature was measured, at which the lens could not withstand the heat treatment and was cracked after 1 hour. This temperature is given as heat resistance in the Tables below.

[0062] (6) Alkali Resistance:

[0063] A plastic lens was dipped in an aqueous 10% NaOH solution for 1 hour, and its surface condition was evaluated according to the following criteria:

[0064] UA: Changed little.

[0065] A: A few peeled dots found.

[0066] B: Many peeled dots found everywhere on the surface.

[0067] C: Many peeled dots found everywhere on the surface, and a few peeled squares found.

[0068] D: Almost completely peeled.

[0069] (7) Impact Resistance:

[0070] A plastic lens having a center thickness of 2.0 mm and a power of lens of 0.00 was prepared and subjected to a drop ball test as defined by the Food and Drug Administration. “O” indicates a good sample; and “x” indicates a rejected sample.

Examples 1 to 12

[0071] 90 parts by weight of colloidal silica (Snowtex-40, available from Nissan Chemical Industries, ltd.), 81.6 parts by weight of methyltrimethoxysilane and 176 parts by weight of γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane as organosilicon compounds, 2.0 parts by weight of 0.5 N hydrochloric acid, 20 parts by weight of acetic acid, and 90 parts by weight of water were charged into a glass container, and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours. Then, the resulting solution was left at room temperature for 16 hours to obtain a hydrolyzed solution. To this solution were added 120 parts by weight of isopropyl alcohol, 120 parts by weight of n-butyl alcohol, 16 parts by weight of aluminum acetylacetone, 0.2 parts by weight of a silicone surfactant, and 0.1 part by weight of a UV absorbent. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours, and then aged at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a coating solution.

[0072] A plastic lens substrate (made from diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate, and having a refractive index of 1.50, a center thickness of 2.0 mm and a power of lens of 0.00), which had been pretreated with an aqueous alkaline solution, was dipped in the coating solution. After completion of dipping, the plastic lens was taken out at a pulling rate of 20 cm/min. Then, the plastic lens was heated at 120° C. for 2 hours to form a cured film. Next, the resulting plastic lens was subjected to an ion gun treatment according to an ion-assisted process using an Ar gas under the condition of the ion acceleration voltage and exposure time as shown in Tables 1 to 6, thereby making it have a cured hard coat layer (hereinafter referred to as layer A).

[0073] Next, a basic layer and a functional film composed of the 1st to 7th layers shown in Tables 1 to 6 were formed on the hard coat layer A, according to an ion-assisted process under the condition shown in Tables 1 to 6, thereby obtaining plastic lenses.

[0074] The plastic lenses were evaluated according to the methods (1) to (7) mentioned above, and the results are shown in Tables 1 to 6. In the Tables, the wavelength of measurement for measuring optical thickness of the film is 500 nm.

Comparative Examples 1 to 4

[0075] Plastic lenses were obtained in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 12, except that the basic layer was not formed and that the hard coat layer and the functional film composed of the 1st to 7th layers were formed not in the ion-assisted process but in the vapor deposition.

[0076] The plastic lenses were evaluated according to the methods (1) to (7) mentioned above, and the results are shown in Tables 7 and 8.

1TABLE 1Example 1Example 2Plastic lens substrateDiethylene glycol bisallyl carbonateDiethylene glycol bisallyl carbonateHard coat layerLayer ALayer AIon Acceleration Voltage for Pretreatment150 V150 VCurrent100 mA100 mAExposure time60 sec60 secGas usedArArOptical FilmSetting valuesOptical FilmSetting valuesType of filmthicknessfor ion gunType of filmthicknessfor ion gunBasic layerNb 4.0 nm150 V100 mANb 4.0 nm150 V100 mA1st layerSiO231.5 nm450 V160 mASiO222.0 nm450 V160 mA2nd layerTiO2 3.5 nm360 V105 mATiO229.0 nm360 V105 mA3rd layerSiO2235.0 nm 450 V160 mASiO248.5 nm450 V160 mA4th layerTiO223.5 nm360 V105 mATiO298.0 nm360 V105 mA5th layerSiO242.5 nm450 V160 mASiO223.5 nm450 V160 mA6th layerTiO2251.5 nm 360 V105 mATiO288.0 nm360 V105 mA7th layerSiO2118.0 nm 450 V160 mASiO2130.0 nm 450 V160 mAEvaluation of performance of plastic lensAr gas for Nb and SiO2Ar gas for Nb and SiO2Gas used for ion assistanceMixture of O2 and Ar (1:1) for TiO2Mixture of O2 and Ar (1:1) for TiO2Luminous reflectance (YR), %0.82%0.82%Luminous transmittance (YT), %99.0%99.0%Film adhesiveness100/100100/100Abrasion resistanceUAUA to AHeat resistance95° C.100° C.Alkali resistanceUAUA to AImpact resistance00

[0077]

2

TABLE 2

Example 3
Example 4

Plastic lens substrate
Diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate
Diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate

Hard coat layer
Layer A
Layer A

Ion Acceleration Voltage for Pretreatment
150 V
150 V

Current
100 mA
100 mA

Exposure time
60 sec
40 sec

Gas used
Ar
Ar

Optical Film
Setting values

Optical Film
Setting values

Type of film
thickness
for ion gun
Type of film
thickness
for ion gun

Basic layer
Nb
3.5 nm
150 V
100 mA
Nb
4.0 nm
150 V
100 mA

1st layer
SiO2
94.0 nm
450 V
160 mA
SiO2
108.0 nm
450 V
160 mA

2nd layer
Nb
3.5 nm
360 V
105 mA
TiO2
52.5 nm
360 V
105 mA

3rd layer
SiO2
94.0 nm
150 V
100 mA
SiO2
271.8 nm
450 V
160 mA

4th layer
TiO2
225.5 nm
360 V
105 mA
TiO2
38.6 nm
360 V
105 mA

5th layer
SiO2
42.6 nm
450 V
160 mA
SiO2
38.6 nm
450 V
160 mA

6th layer
TiO2
249.0 nm
360 V
105 mA
TiO2
242.8 nm
360 V
105 mA

7th layer
SiO2
117.0 nm
450 V
160 mA
SiO2
119.0 nm
450 V
160 mA

Evaluation of performance of plastic lens

Ar gas for Nb and SiO2
Ar gas for Nb and SiO2

Gas used for ion assistance
Mixture of O2 and Ar (1:1) for TiO2
Mixture of O2 and Ar (1:1) for TiO2

Luminous reflectance (YR), %
0.82%
0.68%

Luminous transmittance (YT), %
99.0%
99.3%

Film adhesiveness
100/100
100/100

Abrasion resistance
UA
UA to A

Heat resistance
95° C.
100° C.

Alkali resistance
UA
UA

Impact resistance
0
0

[0078]

3

TABLE 3

Example 5
Example 6

Plastic lens substrate
Diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate
Diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate

Hard coat layer
Layer A
Layer A

Ion Acceleration Voltage for Pretreatment
150 V
150 V

Current
100 mA
100 mA

Exposure time
40 sec
40 sec

Gas used
Ar
Ar

Optical Film
Setting values

Optical Film
Setting values

Type of film
thickness
for ion gun
Type of film
thickness
for ion gun

Basic layer
Nb
4.0 nm
150 V
100 mA
Nb
3.5 nm
150 V
100 mA

1st layer
SiO2
7.9 nm
450 V
160 mA
SiO2
111.9 nm
450 V
160 mA

2nd layer
TiO2
28.4 nm
360 V
105 mA
Nb
3.5 nm
150 V
100 mA

3rd layer
SiO2
49.0 nm
450 V
160 mA
SiO2
111.9 nm
450 V
160 mA

4th layer
TiO2
116.5 nm
360 V
105 mA
TiO2
25.2 nm
360 V
105 mA

5th layer
SiO2
10.9 nm
450 V
160 mA
SiO2
41.2 nm
450 V
160 mA

6th layer
TiO2
110.8 nm
360 V
105 mA
TiO2
245.0 nm
360 V
105 mA

7th layer
SiO2
125.5 nm
450 V
160 mA
SiO2
119.3 nm
450 V
160 mA

Evaluation of performance of plastic lens

Ar gas for Nb and SiO2
Ar gas for Nb and SiO2

Gas used for ion assistance
Mixture of O2 and Ar (1:1) for TiO2
Mixture of O2 and Ar (1:1) for TiO2

Luminous reflectance (YR), %
0.68%
0.68%

Luminous transmittance (YT), %
99.3%
99.3%

Film adhesiveness
100/100
100/100

Abrasion resistance
UA to A
UA

Heat resistance
100° C.
95° C.

Alkali resistance
UA to A
UA

Impact resistance
0
0

[0079]

4

TABLE 4

Example 7
Example 8

Plastic lens substrate
Diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate
Diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate

Hard coat layer
Layer A
Layer A

Ion Acceleration Voltage for Pretreatment
150 V
150 V

Current
100 mA
100 mA

Exposure time
60 sec
60 sec

Gas used
Ar
Ar

Optical Film
Setting values

Optical Film
Setting values

Type of film
thickness
for ion gun
Type of film
thickness
for ion gun

Basic layer
Nb
4.0 nm
150 V
100 mA
Nb
4.0 nm
150 V
100 mA

1st layer
SiO2
14.6 nm
450 V
160 mA
SiO2
10.5 nm
450 V
160 mA

2nd layer
Ta2O5
9.5 nm
420 V
120 mA
Ta2O5
26.0 nm
420 V
120 mA

3rd layer
SiO2
292.0 nm
450 V
160 mA
SiO2
54.2 nm
450 V
160 mA

4th layer
Ta2O5
66.8 nm
420 V
120 mA
Ta2O5
94.0 nm
420 V
120 mA

5th layer
SiO2
29.7 nm
450 V
160 mA
SiO2
24.2 nm
450 V
160 mA

6th layer
Ta2O5
124.9 nm
420 V
120 mA
Ta2O5
91.0 nm
420 V
120 mA

7th layer
SiO2
131.2 nm
450 V
160 mA
SiO2
134.1 nm
450 V
160 mA

Evaluation of performance of plastic lens

Ar gas for Nb and SiO2
Ar gas for Nb and SiO2

Gas used for ion assistance
Mixture of O2 and Ar (1:0.25) for Ta2O5
Mixture of O2 and Ar (1:0.25) for Ta2O5

Luminous reflectance (YR), %
0.80%
0.80%

Luminous transmittance (YT), %
99.1%
99.1%

Film adhesiveness
100/100
100/100

Abrasion resistance
UA
UA

Heat resistance
95° C.
95° C.

Alkali resistance
UA
UA

Impact resistance
0
0

[0080]

5

TABLE 5

Example 9
Example 10

Plastic lens substrate
Diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate
Diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate

Hard coat layer
Layer A
Layer A

Ion Acceleration Voltage for Pretreatment
150 V
150 V

Current
100 mA
100 mA

Exposure time
60 sec
60 sec

Gas used
Ar
Ar

Optical Film
Setting values

Optical Film

Type of film
thickness
for ion gun
Type of film
thickness
for ion gun

Basic layer
Nb
4.0 nm
150 V
100 mA
Nb
4.0 nm
150 V
100 mA

1st layer
SiO2
33.5 nm
450 V
160 mA
SiO2
10.5 nm
450 V
160 mA

2nd layer
Nb2O5
4.5 nm
360 V
105 mA
Nb2O5
26.4 nm
360 V
105 mA

3rd layer
SiO2
292.0 nm
450 V
160 mA
SiO2
54.2 nm
450 V
160 mA

4th layer
Nb2O5
23.9 nm
360 V
105 mA
Nb2O5
94.0 nm
360 V
105 mA

5th layer
SiO2
46.2 nm
450 V
160 mA
SiO2
24.2 nm
450 V
160 mA

6th layer
Nb2O5
243.8 nm
360 V
105 mA
Nb2O5
91.0 nm
360 V
105 mA

7th layer
SiO2
121.2 nm
450 V
160 mA
SiO2
134.1 nm
450 V
160 mA

Evaluation of performance of plastic lens

Ar gas for Nb and SiO2
Ar gas for Nb and SiO2

Gas used for ion assistance
Mixture of O2 and Ar (1:0.11) for Nb2O5
Mixture of O2 and Ar (1:0.11) for Nb2O5

Luminous reflectance (YR), %
0.68%
0.68%

Luminous transmittance (YT), %
99.3%
99.3%

Film adhesiveness
100/100
100/100

Abrasion resistance
UA
UA to A

Heat resistance
95° C.
100° C.

Alkali resistance
UA
UA to A

Impact resistance
0
0

[0081]

6

TABLE 6

Example 11
Example 12

Plastic lens substrate
Diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate
Diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate

Hard coat layer
Layer A
Layer A

Ion Acceleration Voltage for Pretreatment
150 V
150 V

Current
100 mA
100 mA

Exposure time
40 sec
40 sec

Gas used
Ar
Ar

Optical Film
Setting values

Optical Film
Setting values

Type of film
thickness
for ion gun
Type of film
thickness
for ion gun

Basic layer
Nb
3.5 nm
150 V
100 mA
Nb
4.0 nm
150 V
100 mA

1st layer
SiO2
111.6 nm
450 V
160 mA
SiO2
10.5 nm
450 V
160 mA

2nd layer
Nb
3.5 nm
150 V
100 mA
Nb2O5
26.4 nm
360 V
105 mA

3rd layer
SiO2
111.6 nm
450 V
160 mA
SiO2
54.2 nm
450 V
160 mA

4th layer
Nb2O5
24.9 nm
360 V
105 mA
Nb2O5
94.0 nm
360 V
105 mA

5th layer
SiO2
39.5 nm
450 V
160 mA
SiO2
24.2 nm
450 V
160 mA

6th layer
Nb2O5
236.3 nm
360 V
105 mA
Nb2O5
91.0 nm
360 V
105 mA

7th layer
SiO2
120.2 nm
450 V
160 mA
SiO2
134.5 nm
450 V
160 mA

Evaluation of performance of plastic lens

Ar gas for Nb and SiO2
Ar gas for Nb and SiO2

Gas used for ion assistance
Mixture of O2 and Ar (1:0.11) for Nb2O5
Mixture of O2 and Ar (1:0.11) for Nb2O5

Luminous reflectance (YR), %
0.68%
0.68%

Luminous transmittance (YT), %
99.3%
99.3%

Film adhesiveness
100/100
100/100

Abrasion resistance
UA
UA to A

Heat resistance
95° C.
100° C.

Alkali resistance
UA
UA to A

Impact resistance
0
0

[0082]

7

TABLE 7

Comparative Example 1
Comparative Example 2

Plastic lens substrate
Diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate
Diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate

Hard coat layer
Layer A
Layer A

Ion Acceleration Voltage for Pretreatment
no pretreatment
no pretreatment

Current

Exposure time

Gas used

Optical Film
Setting values

Optical Film
Setting values

Type of film
thickness
for ion gun
Type of film
thickness
for ion gun

Basic layer
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

1st layer
SiO2
31.5 nm
—
—
SiO2
22.0 nm
—
—

2nd layer
TiO2
3.5 nm
—
—
TiO2
29.0 nm
—
—

3rd layer
SiO2
238.0 nm
—
—
SiO2
48.5 nm
—
—

4th layer
Nb2O5
23.5 nm
—
—
TiO2
98.0 nm
—
—

5th layer
SiO2
425.0 nm
—
—
SiO2
23.5 nm
—
—

6th layer
Nb2O5
251.5 nm
—
—
TiO2
88.0 nm
—
—

7th layer
SiO2
118.0 nm
—
—
SiO2
130.0 nm
—
—

Evaluation of performance of plastic lens

Luminous reflectance (YR), %
1.1%
1.1%

Luminous transmittance (YT), %
98.7%
98.7%

Film adhesiveness
95/100
95/100

Abrasion resistance
B
B to C

Heat resistance
70° C.
70° C.

Alkali resistance
B
B to C

Impact resistance
x
0

[0083]

8

TABLE 8

Comparative Example 3
Comparative Example 4

Plastic lens substrate
Diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate
Diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate

Hard coat layer
Layer A
Layer A

Ion Acceleration Voltage for Pretreatment
no pretreatment
no pretreatment

Current

Exposure time

Gas used

Optical Film
Setting values

Optical Film
Setting values

Type of film
thickness
for ion gun
Type of film
thickness
for ion gun

Basic layer
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

1st layer
SiO2
14.6 nm
—
—
SiO2
10.5 nm
—
—

2nd layer
Ta2O5
9.5 nm
—
—
Ta2O5
26.4 nm
—
—

3rd layer
SiO2
292.0 nm
—
—
SiO2
54.2 nm
—
—

4th layer
Ta2O5
66.8 nm
—
—
Ta2O5
94.0 nm
—
—

5th layer
SiO2
29.7 nm
—
—
SiO2
24.2 nm
—
—

6th layer
Ta2O5
124.9 nm
—
—
Ta2O5
91.0 nm
—
—

7th layer
SiO2
131.2 nm
—
—
SiO2
134.1 nm
—
—

Evaluation of performance of plastic lens

Luminous reflectance (YR), %
1.2%
1.2%

Luminous transmittance (YT), %
98.6%
98.6%

Film adhesiveness
95/100
95/100

Abrasion resistance
B
B to C

Heat resistance
70° C.
75° C.

Alkali resistance
B
B

Impact resistance
x
x

[0084] As shown in Tables 1 to 6, the plastic lenses of Examples 1 to 12 had an extremely small luminous reflectance of from 0.68 to 0.82% and had a high luminance transmittance of from 99.0 to 99.3%. In addition, their film adhesiveness, abrasion resistance, heat resistance, alkali resistance and impact resistance were good.

[0085] In contrast, the plastic lenses of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 had a high luminous reflectance of from 1.1 to 1.2% and had a low luminance transmittance of from 98.6 to 98.7%, as shown in Tables 7 and 8. In addition, their film adhesiveness, abrasion resistance, heat resistance, alkali resistance and impact resistance were inferior to those in Examples 1 to 12.

[0086] As described in detail hereinabove, the optical element of the invention has an antireflection film, in which the reflectance is small, and the transmittance is high, and, in addition, it has excellent adhesiveness between the plastic substrate and the antireflection film, abrasion resistance, heat resistance, alkali resistance and impact resistance.

Optical element having antireflection film

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Abstract

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Priority Claims (1)