Patent Application
20150023641
The disclosure relates generally to optical communication cables and more particularly to optical communication cables including a print protective surface profile. Optical communication cables have seen increased use in a wide variety of electronics and telecommunications fields. Optical communication cables may contain or surround one or more optical communication fibers. The cable provides structure and protection for the optical fibers within the cable.
One embodiment of the disclosure relates to an optical communication cable. An optical communication cable including a cable body having an outer surface, an inner surface, a channel defined by the inner surface and a longitudinal axis extending through the center of the channel. The outer surface of the cable body defines a profile feature such that the outer surface at the profile feature is asymmetric about the longitudinal axis. The profile feature having at least two peaks and at least one trough between the peaks, and the profile feature extends axially along at least a portion of the length of the outer surface of the cable body. The cable includes an optical transmission element located in the channel, and an ink layer positioned along an outer surface of the trough of the profile feature. The peaks are configured to limit contact of the ink layer with surfaces during installation and thereby act to protect the ink layer from abrasion.
An additional embodiment of the disclosure relates to an optical cable. The optical cable includes a cable body having an outer surface and a longitudinal axis, and the cable includes an optical transmission element located within the cable body. The cable includes an array of grooves formed in the outer surface of the cable, and each groove of the array includes a lower surface recessed below an outermost surface of the cable. The grooves of the array are positioned in a non-parallel position relative to the longitudinal axis of the cable body. The cable includes an ink indicia layer positioned on the outer surface of the cable body, and a portion of the ink indicia layer is adhered to the lower surface of at least one groove of the array of grooves.
An additional embodiment of the disclosure relates to a method of forming an optical cable with a print protecting outer surface. The method includes extruding a cable body over an optical fiber, and the cable body has an outer surface. The method includes applying an ink layer forming indicia to the outer surface of the cable body. The method includes contacting the outer surface of the cable body with a tool at the position of the ink layer to deform the outer surface of the cable body forming an profile feature in the outer surface of the cable body, and the ink layer is located within profile feature.
An additional embodiment of the disclosure relates to a method of forming an optical cable with a print protecting outer surface. The method includes extruding a cable body over an optical fiber, and the cable body has an outer surface. The method includes forming a profile feature by mechanically deforming the cable body following extrusion. The profile feature having a trough recessed below the outer surface of the cable body, and the profile feature extends axially along at least a portion of the length of the outer surface of the cable body. The method includes applying an ink layer forming indicia to a surface of the trough.
Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, and in part will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the description or recognized by practicing the embodiments as described in the written description and claims hereof, as well as the appended drawings.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary, and are intended to provide an overview or framework to understand the nature and character of the claims.
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate one or more embodiment(s), and together with the description serve to explain principles and operation of the various embodiments.
Referring generally to the figures, various embodiments of an optical communication cable are shown. In general, the cable embodiments disclosed herein include a surface-applied ink layer (e.g., an ink jet deposited ink layer) adhered to the outer surface of the body of the cable. To protect the surface-applied ink layer, the cable embodiments disclosed herein include a profile feature formed in the outer surface of the cable body that acts to protect the ink layer. Specifically, the profile feature may include a recess, groove or trough that has a surface that is located below the outer surface of the cable body adjacent to the recess, groove or trough. The recession of the ink and the material of the cable defining the outermost surfaces of the cable body adjacent the ink layer act as a buffer that limits contact of the ink layer with various surfaces during use or installation. By limiting the contact experienced by the ink layer, the profile feature acts to protect the ink layer from being damaged, abraded or worn off during the installation or use of the cable while still allowing the user to view the ink layer.
During a hot foil printing process (a typical printing process used for many fiber optic cables), the hot foil applied ink is embedded below the outer surface of the cable body due to the heating of the ink layer. In contrast to hot foil printing, a surface applied ink layer (e.g., an ink jet applied ink layer) is located on the outer surface of the cable body and thus, may be more susceptible to damage or wear during installation. The cable embodiments discussed herein include a formed surface profile feature with at least one recess or trough below the outer surface of the cable body such that the surface applied ink layer with the trough is located below the outer most surfaces of the cable body. Further, the profile features disclosed herein are localized profiles at the position of the ink layer such that the outer surface or perimeter of the cable body is asymmetrical about the longitudinal axis of the cable body (e.g., the profile feature is not a repeating pattern formed around the entire perimeter or circumference of the cable body). The asymmetry of the profile feature provides a tactile indicator that may assist during installation or repair by allowing the user to identify the location of the ink layer by touch which allows the user to more easily/efficiently reorient the cable to view the ink layer. This can be particularly useful when working with an installed cable in tightly packed, confined and/or poorly lit areas.
Referring to
Cable jacket 12 has an outer surface 16 and an inner surface 18 that defines a channel or lumen 20. Generally, lumen 20 extends the length of cable jacket 12 between openings at opposing ends of cable 10. One or more optical transmission elements, shown as fiber optic ribbon 22, are located within lumen 20. In various embodiments, fiber optic ribbon 22 includes one or more optical fibers, and each optical fiber includes an optical core, a cladding layer surrounding the optical core and an outer protective layer (e.g., a polymer coating layer) surrounding the optical core and the cladding layer. In other embodiments, the optical transmission element may be one or more multi-core optical fibers. In these embodiments, multiple optical fibers (or multiple optical cores in the case of multi-core optical fibers) are located within the lumen 20 of cable 10. In various embodiments, as shown in
In general, cable 10 provides structure and protection to fiber optic ribbon 22 during and after installation (e.g., protection during handling, protection from elements, vermin, etc.). In one embodiment, cable jacket 12 is formed from a single layer of extruded polymer material (e.g., a medium-density polyethylene material), and in other embodiments, cable jacket 12 may include multiple layers of materials where the outermost layer defines the outer surface of cable jacket 12. Further, cable 10 may include one or more strengthening member embedded within the material of cable jacket 12. For example, cable 10 may include an elongate strengthening member (e.g., a fiber or rod) that runs the length of cable jacket 12 and that is formed from a material that is more rigid than the material of cable jacket 12. In various embodiments, the strengthening member is metal, braided steel, glass reinforced plastic, fiber glass, fiber glass yarns or other suitable material.
Cable 10 includes a profile feature that acts to protect ink layer 14. Generally the profile feature is a shape, texture or pattern formed in outer surface 16 of cable jacket 12 that is located at the position of the ink layer. In the embodiment of
As shown, buttresses 24 and 26 generally are raised ridges that extend radially outward from the generally cylindrical outer surface 16 of cable jacket 12. In the embodiment shown, buttresses 24 and 26 are substantially parallel ridges or projections that extend axially along at least a portion of the length of cable jacket 12. Further, as shown in
Trough 28 includes an outer surface 32 that is located between buttresses 24 and 26. Ink layer 14 is adhered to the outer surface 32 of trough 28 such that ink layer 14 is located between buttresses 24 and 26 and below the outermost surfaces of buttresses 24 and 26. As shown, ink layer 14 forms alphanumeric characters that provides information related to the cable. In various embodiments, the information may include source identifying information, measurement marks, identification regarding the optical fibers within the cable, etc.
As shown best in
In one embodiment, ink layer 14 is an ink jet deposited ink layer. In such embodiments, charged ink particles are sprayed from an ink jet nozzle to form the desired indicia (e.g., alphanumeric indicia, other types of indicia) of ink layer 14. In certain embodiments, cable jacket 12 is formed from a non-polar material (e.g., a polyethylene material) that does not readily accept bonding of the charged ink jet droplets. In such embodiments, cable jacket 12 may be polarized (e.g., oxidized) by plasma treatment to create a surface that wets/bonds with the liquid ink jet droplets. In various embodiments, ink layer 14 is formed using solvent-based pigmented inks or UV curable pigmented inks. In other embodiments, ink layer 14 is formed through other ink deposition or printing techniques such as low indentation hot foil printing. In other embodiments, the alphanumeric characters of ink layer 14 may be formed using laser activated dyes. In yet other embodiments, cable 10 may include a non-ink based indicia layer. For example, the indicia layer may be an etched or embossed indicia layer, a surface adhered label, or laser ablation of carbon black within cable jacket 12 and subsequent foaming of the material of cable jacket 12 to create the contrast to form indicia.
In various embodiments, the relative sizing of ink layer 14 and the profile feature are selected to provide sufficient protection for ink layer 14. As shown in
As shown in
In various embodiments, cable jacket 12 is an extruded thermoplastic material. In a specific embodiment, the material of cable jacket 12 is a medium-density polyethylene based material. In various other embodiments, cable jacket 12 may be a variety of materials used in cable manufacturing such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), nylon, polyester or polycarbonate and their copolymers. In addition, the material of cable jacket 12 may include small quantities of other materials or fillers that provide different properties to the material of cable jacket 12. For example, the material of cable jacket 12 may include materials that provide for coloring, UV/light blocking (e.g., carbon black), burn resistance, etc.
Referring to
Sidewall 56 extends outward away from outer surface 54 defining a peak of the profile feature where sidewall 56 joins to outer surface 16 of cable jacket 12. Thus, in this embodiment, the outer diameters at the outer most portion of sidewalls 56 and 58 are substantially the same as the outer most diameter of the generally cylindrical outer surface 16 of cable 50. Sidewall 58 is on the other side of outer surface 54 and extends outward away from outer surface 54 defining a second peak of the profile feature where sidewall 56 joins to outer surface 16 of cable jacket 12. As shown, sidewalls 56 and 58 are angled away from outer surface 54, such that the angle between outer surface 54 and sidewalls 56 and 58 is greater than 90 degrees, and more specifically is between 120 degrees and 140 degrees. Recess 52 generally includes a depth C and a width W1,as discussed above, and ink layer 14 includes a thickness A, as discussed above. In various embodiments depth C is the same as the various embodiments of depth B discussed above.
Referring to
Ridges 72 and troughs 74 are localized, centered around the 12 o'clock position in the orientation of
The profile feature of
Referring to
Array of grooves 82 includes a first set of parallel grooves 84 that includes a plurality of individual grooves 86, and array of grooves 82 includes a second set of parallel grooves 88 that includes a plurality of individual grooves 90. Grooves 86 and grooves 90 are positioned at a non-parallel (i.e., non-zero angle) relative to longitudinal axis 30. In the embodiment of
Each groove 86 and 90 defines a trough having a lower surface and peaks located on either side of the trough. In this arrangement, the troughs of grooves 86 are positioned at an angle relative to the troughs of grooves 90 resulting in a cross-hatched pattern of troughs and ridges as shown in
In various embodiments, grooves 86 and 90 have a depth between 5 micrometers and 300 micrometers. In addition, in various embodiments the spacing between grooves 86 of first set of grooves 84 and the spacing between grooves 90 of second set of grooves 86 is selected such that a sufficient amount of ink layer 14 is located within the grooves to maintain legibility if the portions of ink layer 14 on the outermost surfaces between grooves is worn off. In various embodiments, the spacing between adjacent grooves 90 and adjacent grooves 86 are the same and are shown by the dimension E. In various embodiments, dimension E is between 0.05 mm and 0.5 mm, and more specifically between 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm.
Referring to
Referring to
As shown, buttresses 102 and 104 are raised ridges that extend radially outward from the generally cylindrical outer surface 16 of cable jacket 12. In the embodiment shown, buttresses 102 and 104 are substantially parallel ridges or projections that extend axially along at least a portion of the length of cable jacket 12. Further, as shown in
Trough 106 includes an outer surface 108 that is located between buttresses 102 and 104. Ink layer 14 is adhered to the outer surface 108 of trough 106 such that ink layer 14 is located between buttresses 102 and 104 and below the outermost surfaces of buttresses 102 and 104. As shown best in
As shown in
In addition, the print protection profile of cable 100 includes a groove array 110 located on outer surface 108 of trough 106. Groove array 110 includes a plurality of parallel grooves 112 that are positioned at a non-parallel angle relative to longitudinal axis 30. In the embodiment shown, grooves 112 of groove array 110 are substantially perpendicular to longitudinal axis 30 and are substantially perpendicular to buttresses 102 and 104. As shown in
As shown in
Grooves 112 include a groove depth G which is the distance between the innermost point in groove trough 116 and the outermost point of groove peak 114. In various embodiments, groove depth G is between 0.05 mm and 0.2 mm. Grooves 112 also include groove spacing H which is the distance between the outer most points of adjacent groove peaks 114. In various embodiments, groove spacing H is between 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm. As shown in
Referring to
First, a cable body is extruded over the optical fibers to create a cable, such as cable 10 discussed above. Following extrusion, the extruded cable body, such as cable jacket 12, traverses system 150 in the direction shown by arrow 152. At stage 154, cable jacket 12 passes through an ink applicator, shown as ink jet printer head 156. Ink jet printer head 156 deposits ink layer 14 onto outer surface 16 of cable jacket 12. In one embodiment, a pretreatment device 158 may be used to modify the material of cable jacket 12 to better adhere ink jet deposited ink layer 14. In one embodiment, pretreatment device 158 may be a plasma treatment device that oxidizes/polarizes outer surface 16 of cable jacket 12 to create a surface that the ink jet droplets from ink jet printer head 156 wet/adhere to. At stage 160, cable jacket 12 is heated by heating device 162. Heating device 162 softens the material of cable jacket 12 to facilitate formation of a surface profile at stage 164.
At stage 164, an embossing device 166 engages cable jacket 12 at the position of the deposited ink layer 14. Embossing device 166 mechanically deforms cable jacket 12 as embossing device 166 engages the heated cable jacket. In various embodiments, embossing device 166 includes a surface with a profile complimentary to the print protection profile to be formed in cable jacket 12, and as the profile of embossing device 166 engages cable jacket 12, embossing device 166 imprints cable jacket 12 with the desired profile. As shown at stage 168, because embossing device 166 engages cable jacket 12 after deposition of ink layer 14, embossing device 166 acts to push ink layer 14 into the protection profile such that ink layer 14 is recessed at least partially below the outermost surface of cable jacket 12.
In one embodiment, embossing device 166 may be a roller wheel that rotates as cable jacket 12 moves past station 164. In one embodiment embossing device 166 may have a heated outer surface to further assist in the formation of the profile in the surface of cable jacket 12. Embossing device 166 may be shaped and configured to produce any of the print protection profiles discussed herein.
Referring to
At stage 210, cable jacket 12 passes through an ink applicator, shown as ink jet printer head 212. Ink jet printer head 212 deposits ink layer 14 onto outer surface 16 of cable jacket 12 at the position of print protection profile 208. In one embodiment, a pretreatment device 214 may be used to modify the material of cable jacket 12 to better wet/adhere ink jet deposited ink layer 14 prior to ink layer deposition. In one embodiment, pretreatment device 214 may be a plasma treatment device that oxidizes/polarizes surface 16 of cable jacket 12 to create a surface that the charged ink jet droplets from ink jet printer head 212 adhere to. As shown schematically in
While the specific cable embodiments discussed herein and shown in the figures relate primarily to cables that have a substantially circular cross-sectional shape defining substantially cylindrical internal lumens, in other embodiments, the cables discussed herein may have any number of cross-section shapes. For example, in various embodiments, cable jacket 12 may have a square, rectangular, triangular or other polygonal cross-sectional shape. In such embodiments, the passage or lumen of the cable may be the same shape or different shape than the shape of cable jacket 12. In some embodiments, cable jacket 12 may define more than channels or passages. In such embodiments, the multiple channels may be of the same size and shape as each other or may each have different sizes or shapes.
The optical fibers discussed herein may be flexible, transparent optical fibers made of glass or plastic. The fibers may function as a waveguide to transmit light between the two ends of the optical fiber. Optical fibers may include a transparent core surrounded by a transparent cladding material with a lower index of refraction. Light may be kept in the core by total internal reflection. Glass optical fibers may comprise silica, but some other materials such as fluorozirconate, fluoroaluminate, and chalcogenide glasses, as well as crystalline materials, such as sapphire, may be used. The light may be guided down the core of the optical fibers by an optical cladding with a lower refractive index that traps light in the core through total internal reflection. The cladding may be coated by a buffer and/or another coating(s) that protects it from moisture and/or physical damage. These coatings may be UV-cured urethane acrylate composite materials applied to the outside of the optical fiber during the drawing process. The coatings may protect the strands of glass fiber.
Some or all of the following may be expressly, impliedly, or inherently disclosed above and/or in the Figures.
In contemplated embodiments, the surface of the surface profile may be roughened, such as with a texturing device, such as brass brush, a sander drum (e.g., using size 40 grit), a wire brush when or other devices. The process that roughens the surface may form a recess as disclosed above. On a micro-scale, the roughened surface is scored with grooves that have local troughs and peaks, as disclosed above, where rubbing contact may not remove ink located in the grooves of the roughened surface.
In contemplated embodiments, additional processes may be used in combination with the surface profile to improve bonding of the ink to the surface of the cable body. In some such embodiments, the surface of the cable body may be treated with plasma or flame to increase surface activation, thereby at least partially mitigating poor bonding qualities of jacket materials disclosed above, such as non-polar materials, such as polyethylene. In other such embodiments, bonding additives (e.g., maleic anhydride copolymer, ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, etc.) may be compounded into the jacket or applied to the surface thereof (e.g., tie layer) prior to application of the ink layer.
Similar to the embodiment shown in
Accordingly, any of the surface profile geometries disclosed herein may be arranged in non-repeating and/or non-periodic patterns within a profile feature localized to particular an ink layer. Similarly discrete surface profile geometries along the length of a particular optical cable may differ from one another in terms of the specific geometry of the respective profile feature. In some such embodiments, an ink layer in one part of the optical cable may have a profile feature similar to that shown in
Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is in no way intended that any method set forth herein be construed as requiring that its steps be performed in a specific order. Accordingly, where a method claim does not actually recite an order to be followed by its steps or it is not otherwise specifically stated in the claims or descriptions that the steps are to be limited to a specific order, it is in no way intended that any particular order be inferred.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosed embodiments. Since modifications combinations, sub-combinations and variations of the disclosed embodiments incorporating the spirit and substance of the embodiments may occur to persons skilled in the art, the disclosed embodiments should be construed to include everything within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. As will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, features and attributes associated with embodiments shown in one of the Figures or described in the text relating to one of the embodiments may well be applied to other embodiments shown in another of the Figures and/or described elsewhere in the text.
This Application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/856,111, filed Jul. 19, 2013, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61856111 | Jul 2013 | US |
