Optical fiber

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an optical fiber having a non-strippable thin coating disposed on a cladding.

2. Description of the Related Art

As shown in

FIG. 5

, an existing optical fiber ribbon is composed of a plurality of optical fibers

4

(normally, four to twelve fibers) and an outer coating

5

. The optical fibers

4

are arranged in a row. The outer coating

5

is made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 50 kgf/mm

2

to 100 kgf/mm

2

at room temperature. The outer coating

5

is disposed around the optical fibers

4

. Each of the optical fibers

4

is composed of a core and cladding

1

, a primary coating

2

, and a secondary coating

3

. The primary coating

2

is disposed around the cladding and made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 0.1 kgf/mm

2

to 0.5 kgf/mm

2

at room temperature. The secondary coating

3

is disposed on the primary coating

2

and made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 40 kgf/mm

2

to 100 kgf/mm

2

at room temperature. The coatings

2

,

3

and

5

suppress a transmission characteristic from fluctuating against a lateral pressure and a temperature variation.

Each coating of the optical fiber ribbon has an optimum thickness so as to stably protect the characteristics of the core and cladding

1

. For example, in the case of an optical fiber ribbon for use with a four single-mode (SM) fibers, the primary coating

2

and the secondary coating

3

are disposed on an SM optical fiber with a diameter of 125 μm in such a manner that the diameter of the primary coating

2

becomes 180 to 200 μm and the diameter of the secondary coating

3

becomes 230 to 250 μm. In addition, the outer coating

5

is disposed in such a manner that the ribbon width and ribbon thickness become 1.10 mm and 0.38 mm, respectively.

As optical communications have advanced in recent years, an optical fiber cable that densely contains optical fibers has been required. Thus, the improvement of the fiber density of an optical fiber ribbon, which is a basic dimension of an optical fiber cable, has been demanded.

Moreover, in recent years, a planar lightwave circuit (PLC device) has been densely structured. From this point of view as well, an optical fiber ribbon with a high fiber density has been demanded. As shown in

FIG. 6

, when a high density PLC fiber array with a distance of 125 μm between the center of the optical fibers is formed with two SM optical fiber ribbons with eight fibers

6

having a diameter of 250 μm, the core and cladding

1

with an diameter of 125 μm should be cross-bent. Thus, in addition to low workability, the bare fibers may contact in the fabrication process. Thereafter, the core and cladding

1

may break because of an aged deterioration due to a bend stress. Consequently, the reliability of the PLC device may deteriorate. Thus, a high density optical fiber ribbon for use with to a high density PLC device has been desired.

However, in the optical fiber ribbon, as described above, it is difficult to decrease the thickness of each coating for improvement of the fiber density since each coating is disposed with an optimum thickness necessary and sufficiently for stable characteristics of optical fibers. Thus, the optical fiber ribbon cannot satisfy such requirements.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 10-120911 filed on Apr. 30, 1998 and Japanese Patent Application No. 10-249846 filed on Sep. 3, 1998, and the entire disclosure thereof is incorporated herein by reference.

An object of the present invention is to provide an optical fiber ribbon with a high density in an optical fiber cable and that allows a PLC device to be structured with a high density.

A first aspect of the present invention is an optical fiber ribbon, comprising a plurality of optical fibers arranged in a row, and an outer coating formed around the 20 optical fibers, each of the optical fibers comprising a core, a cladding, and a non-strippable thin coating made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 50 kg/mm

2

to 250 kg/mm

2

at room temperature and coated around the cladding.

The thickness of the non-strippable thin coating is preferably in the range from 2 μm to 15 μm.

The concentricity of the core to the diameter of the non-strippable thin coating is preferably 1 μm or less.

In a preferred embodiment, the outer coating has a primary coating made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 0.01 kg/mm

2

to 0.5 kg/mm

2

at room temperature, and a secondary coating made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 10 kg/mm

2

to 200 kg/mm

2

at room temperature.

The optical fibers are preferably almost closely arranged in a row. The primary coating is preferably formed in a ribbon shape of which the thickness thereof is twice or less than the diameter of each of the optical fibers and the width thereof is 30 μm to 100 μm longer than the total diameter of the optical fibers arranged in a row. The thickness of the secondary coating is preferably in the range from 20 μm to 100 μm.

In a preferred embodiment, each of the optical fibers also has a soft coating that is made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 0.01 kg/mm

2

to 0.5 kg/mm

2

at room temperature and disposed on the non-strippable thin coating. The outer coating is preferably made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 10 kg/mm

2

to 200 kg/mm

2

at room temperature.

The optical fibers are preferably almost closely arranged in a row. The diameter of the soft coating is preferably twice or less than the diameter of each of the optical fibers. The outer coating is preferably formed in a ribbon shape of which the thickness thereof is twice or less than the diameter of each of the optical fibers and the width thereof is 20 μm to 150 μm longer than the total diameter of the optical fibers arranged in a row.

The outer coating is preferably composed of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 10 kg/mm

2

to 200 kg/mm

2

.

The optical fibers are preferably almost closely arranged in a row. The outer coating is preferably formed in a ribbon shape of which the thickness thereof is twice or less than the diameter of each of the optical fibers and the width thereof is 30 μm to 150 μm longer than the total diameter of the optical fibers arranged in a row.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the outer diameter of an optical fiber and of an optical fiber ribbon can be much sufficiently reduced than the conventional ones. Thus, since the distance between adjacent optical fibers is shortened, the fiber density can be improved. In addition, the characteristics of the optical fibers can be sufficiently protected by the non-strippable thin coating and the outer coating disposed around the optical fiber. Thus, the optical fiber ribbon accomplishes an optical fiber cable that densely contains optical fibers. In addition, when the optical fiber ribbon is used for a high density PLC device, the reliability thereof can be improved.

A second aspect of the present invention is an optical fiber, comprising a core, a cladding, and a non-strippable thin coating made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 50 kg/mm

2

to 250 kg/mm

2

at room temperature and coated on the cladding, wherein the concentricity of the core to the diameter of the non-strippable thin coating is 1 μm or less.

The diameter of the non-strippable thin coating is preferably 125 μm.

The concentricity of the core to the diameter of the cladding of the optical fiber is preferably 1 μm or less.

In a preferred embodiment, the optical fiber further comprises a primary coating disposed on the non-strippable thin coating and made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 0.01 kg/mm

2

to 0.5 kg/mm

2

at room temperature, and a secondary coating disposed on the primary coating and made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 10 kg/mm

2

to 200 kg/mm

2

.

According to an aspect of the present invention, optical fibers can be connected each other almost free of a splice loss. In addition, the optical fiber can be connected to a conventional optical fiber almost free of a splice loss.

These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent in light of the following detailed description of a best mode embodiment thereof, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1

is a sectional view showing an example of the structure of an optical fiber ribbon according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2

is a sectional view showing an example of the structure of an optical fiber ribbon according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3

is a sectional view showing an example of the structure of an optical fiber ribbon according to a further embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4

is a sectional view showing an example of the structure of an optical fiber according to the present invention;

FIG. 5

is a sectional view showing an example of the structure of an existing optical fiber ribbon; and

FIG. 6

is a perspective view showing an example of the structure of a fiber array for use with a high density PLC device using an existing optical fiber ribbon.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

With reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiments of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 1

is a sectional view showing an example of the structure of an optical fiber ribbon according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in

FIG. 1

, an optical fiber ribbon

10

is composed of a plurality of optical fibers

11

and an outer coating. The optical fibers

11

are closely arranged in a row. The outer coating

12

is formed in a ribbon shape and disposed around the optical fibers

11

. Each of the optical fibers

11

is composed of a core and cladding

13

and a non-strippable thin coating

14

. The non-strippable thin coating

14

is made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 50 kg/mm

2

to 250 kg/mm

2

at room temperature so that the non-strippable thin coating

14

is highly adhesive to the cladding. The outer coating

12

is composed of a primary coating

15

and a secondary coating

16

. The primary coating

15

is made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 0.01 kg/mm

2

to 0.5 g/mm

2

at room temperature. The secondary coating

16

is made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 10 kg/mm

2

to 200 kg/mm

2

at room temperature.

The non-strippable thin coating

14

is used to improve the mechanical strength of the optical fibers

11

that are formed in a ribbon shape and connected to a connector or a PLC device or the like. From this point of view, the Young's modulus of the synthetic resin of the non-strippable thin coating is preferably as high as possible. Thus, according to the present invention, synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 50 kg/mm

2

to 250 kg/mm

2

at room temperature should be used. In particular, synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 100 kg/mm

2

to 150 kg/mm

2

at room temperature is preferably used.

The thickness of the non-strippable thin coating

14

is preferably in the range from 2 μm to 15 μm. When the thickness of the non-strippable thin coating

14

is less than 2 μm, it is difficult to coat it with an equal thickness. Thus, since a mechanically weak portion takes place, it is difficult to handle each optical fiber

11

at a fabrication process. Consequently, when each optical fiber

11

is formed in a ribbon shape, connected with a connector, or connected to a PLC device or the like, a core and cladding

13

may be damaged. In contrast, when the thickness of the non-strippable thin coating

14

exceeds 15 μm, microbending may take place in an optical fiber due to a difference of expansion coefficients.

As will be descried later, the non-strippable thin coating

14

is preferably formed in such a manner that concentricity of the core to the diameter of the optical fiber

11

becomes 1 μm or less. Thus, the optical fiber

11

can be connected with high reliability almost free of a splice loss.

The primary coating

15

may suppress a transmission loss of the optical fiber

13

from increasing at low temperature. In addition, the primary coating

15

may function as a buffer coating against a lateral pressure. Thus, the primary coating

15

may suppress a transmission loss due to a lateral pressure and a temperature variation from increasing. The effect of the primary coating

15

cannot be sufficiently obtained when the Young's modulus of the primary coating

15

is less than 0.01 kg/mm

2

or exceeds 0.5 kg/mm

2

at room temperature. The primary coating

15

is preferably formed in such a manner that the thickness thereof is twice or less than the diameter of the optical fiber

11

and the width thereof is 30 μm to 100 μm longer than the total diameter of the optical fibers arranged in a row.

The secondary coating

16

may allow the optical fiber ribbon to be handled at a fabrication process. In addition, the secondary coating

16

may prevent a transmission loss due to a lateral pressure from increasing along with the primary coating

15

. The effect of the secondary coating

16

cannot be sufficiently obtained when the Young's modulus thereof is less than 10 kg/mm

2

or exceeds 200 kg/mm

2

at room temperature. When the Young's modulus of the secondary coating

16

is 10 kg/mm

2

or less at room temperature, the protection against a lateral pressure may be insufficient. When the Young's modulus of the secondary coating

16

exceeds 200 kg/mm

2

, the contractile force due to a temperature variation may increase. Thus, the thickness of the secondary coating

16

is preferably in the range from 20 μm to 100 μm.

Examples of synthetic resin used for the non-strippable thin coating

14

are urethane resin, urethane acrylate resin, epoxy resin, epoxy acrylate resin, polyimide resin, polyorganosiloxane resin, carbon fluoride resin, and liquid resin with a functional group thereof. Examples of synthetic resin used for the primary coating

15

are urethane resin, urethane acrylate resin, polyorganosiloxane resin, and liquid resin with a functional group thereof. Examples of synthetic resin used for the secondary coating

16

are urethane resin, urethane acrylate resin, epoxy resin, epoxy acrylate resin, polyimide resin, polyamide resin, and liquid resin with a functional group thereof. When necessary, such resin is dissolved or dispersed with a solvent.

Each coating can be formed in such a manner that the resin is cured or cross-linked by UV light, visible light or electron radiation or heat. Alternatively, after the resin has been solved or dispersed with solvent, the resin may be coated and dried by heat.

In the optical fiber

11

of the optical fiber ribbon, since the non-strippable thin coating

14

is deposited on the cladding, the optical fiber

11

can be handled as the optical fiber of the existing optical fiber ribbon in FIG.

5

. In addition, since the core and cladding

13

is protected with the non-strippable thin coating

14

and the two-layer outer coating

12

, the transmission characteristic of the core and cladding

13

does not deteriorate against a lateral pressure and a temperature variation.

When the optical fiber ribbon according to the present embodiment is compared with the existing optical fiber ribbon in

FIG. 5

with the same number of optical fibers, as will be described later, the thickness and width of the former can be reduced. Thus, the fiber density can be improved. Consequently, with the optical fiber ribbon according to the present invention, a high density optical fiber cable can be accomplished. In addition, the optical fiber ribbon can be easily connected to a high density PLC device. Thus, the reliability of the high density PLC device can be improved.

Next, an optical fiber ribbon according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 2

is a sectional view showing an example of the structure of an optical fiber ribbon according to another embodiment of the present invention.

As with the optical fiber ribbon according to the embodiment shown in

FIG. 1

, an optical fiber ribbon shown in

FIG. 2

is composed of a plurality of optical fibers

11

and an outer coating

12

. The optical fibers

11

are closely arranged in a row. The outer coating

12

is coated in a ribbon shape around the optical fibers

11

. However, unlike with the optical fiber ribbon shown in

FIG. 1

, the optical fiber

11

shown in

FIG. 2

has a soft coating

17

deposited on the non-strippable thin coating

14

. As with the primary coating

15

, the soft coating

17

is made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 0.01 kg/mm

2

to 0.5 kg/mm

2

at room temperature. As with the secondary coating

16

, the outer coating

12

is made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 10 kg/mm

2

to 200 kg/mm

2

at room temperature.

The soft coating

17

is preferably disposed on the non-strippable thin coating

14

in such a manner that the diameter of the soft coating

17

is twice or less than the diameter of the thin coating

14

. In addition, the outer coating

12

is preferably coated in a ribbon shape in such a manner that the thickness of the outer coating

12

is twice or less than the diameter of each optical fiber and that the width of the outer coating

12

is 20 μm to 150 μm longer than the total diameter of the optical fibers arranged in a row.

In this embodiment, each optical fiber

11

can be handled as a plurality of optical fibers. In addition, the non-strippable thin coating

14

, the soft coating

17

deposited thereon, and the outer coating

12

together protect the core and cladding

13

. Thus, a lateral pressure and a temperature variation do not deteriorate the transmission characteristic of the core and cladding

13

. Although the fiber density of the optical fiber ribbon shown in

FIG. 1

is slightly lower than the fiber density of the optical fiber ribbon shown in

FIG. 2

, the fiber density of the latter is higher than the fiber density of the existing optical fiber ribbon.

Next, a further embodiment of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 3

is a sectional view showing an example of the structure of an optical fiber ribbon according to the further embodiment of the present invention.

In

FIG. 3

, the optical fiber ribbon is composed of optical fibers

11

and an outer coating

12

. As with the optical fiber ribbon shown in

FIG. 1

, each optical fiber

11

is composed of an core and cladding

13

and a non-strippable thin coating

14

. The optical fibers

11

are closely arranged in a row. As with the optical fiber ribbon shown in

FIG. 2

, the outer coating

12

is coated around the optical fibers

11

. The outer coating

12

is made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 10 kg/mm

2

to 200 kg/mm

2

at room temperature. The outer coating

12

is preferably formed in a ribbon shape in such a manner that the thickness of the outer coating

12

is twice or less than the diameter of each optical fiber

11

and the width thereof is 30 μm to 150 μm longer than the total diameter of the optical fibers

11

arranged in a row.

The protection effect of the optical fiber ribbon shown in

FIG. 3

is slightly inferior to the protection effect of the optical fiber ribbons shown in

FIGS. 1 and 2

. However, the occupation ratio of optical fibers of the optical fiber ribbon shown in

FIG. 3

is superior to that of the optical fiber ribbons shown in

FIGS. 1 and 2

. Thus, the optical fiber ribbon shown in

FIG. 3

is particularly suitable for a high density PLC fiber array. In such an application, since the optical fiber ribbon is used in a short direction, a strict protection effect against a lateral pressure and a temperature variation is not required unlike with an optical fiber ribbon for use with an optical fiber cable. Moreover, in such an application, an optical fiber ribbon with a higher occupation ratio of optical fibers is required.

The invention will now be explained in more detail by way of the following non-limiting examples. The Young's modulus of synthetic resin of each coating used in each optical fiber ribbon according to each example was measured corresponding to JIS K 7113. The gauge length was 25 mm. The pulling velocity was 1 mm/sec. The expansion distortion was 2.5%.

EXAMPLE 1

A 1.31 μm SM optical fiber whose mode field diameter was 9.3 μm and cladding diameter was 115 μm was prepared. As a non-strippable thin coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 120 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. and 200 kg/mm

2

at −30° C. was coated on the cladding in such a manner that the diameter of the resin became 125 μm. Ultraviolet light was radiated to the resin of the non-strippable thin coating and thereby the resin was cured. Thus, an optical fiber was obtained. Four optical fibers were arranged in a row. As a primary coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 0.1 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. and 1.0 kg/mm

2

at −40° C. was coated around the optical fibers in a ribbon shape whose thickness became 200 μm and width became 560 μm. Ultraviolet light was radiated to the resin of the primary coating and thereby the resin was cured. At once, as a secondary coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 100 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. and 210 kg/mm

2

at −40° C. was coated on the primary coating in such a manner that the thickness of the resin became 25 μm. Ultraviolet light was radiated to the resin of the secondary coating and thereby the resin was cured. Thus, an optical fiber ribbon was obtained.

EXAMPLE 2

Eight optical fibers fabricated in the same manner as example 1 were arranged in a row. As a primary coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 0.1 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. and 1.0 kg/mm

2

at −40° C. was coated around the optical fibers in a ribbon shape whose thickness became 200 μm and width became 1060 μm. Ultraviolet light was radiated to the resin of the primary coating and thereby the resin was cured. At once, as a secondary coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 100 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. and −40° C. at −40° C. was coated on the primary coating in such a manner that the thickness of the secondary coating became 25 μm. Thus, an optical fiber ribbon was obtained.

EXAMPLE 3

Twelve optical fibers fabricated in the same manner as example 2 were arranged in a row. As a primary coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 0.1 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. and 1.0 kg/mm

2

at −40° C. was coated around the optical fibers in a ribbon shape whose thickness became 200 μm and width became 1560 μm. Ultraviolet light was radiated to the resin of the primary coating and thereby the resin was cured. At once, as a secondary coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 100 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. and −40° C. at −40° C. was coated on the primary coating in such a manner that the thickness of the secondary coating became 25 μm. Thus, an optical fiber ribbon was obtained.

EXAMPLE 4

Sixteen optical fibers fabricated in the same manner as example 1 were arranged in a row. As a primary coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 0.1 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. and 1.0 kg/mm

2

at −40° C. was coated around the optical fibers in a ribbon shape whose thickness became 200 μm and width became 2060 μm. Ultraviolet light was radiated to the resin of the primary coating and thereby the resin was cured. At once, as a secondary coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 100 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. and −40° C. at −40° C. was coated on the primary coating in such a manner that the thickness of the secondary coating became 25 μm. Thus, an optical fiber ribbon was obtained.

Compared Examples

The width and length of each of optical fiber ribbons according to examples 1-4 were compared with those of each of conventional optical fiber ribbons with the same number of optical fibers thereof. In other words, as a primary coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 0.1 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. and 1.0 kg/mm

2

at −40° C. was coated on each optical fiber whose diameter was 125 μm in such a manner that the diameter of the resin became 200 μm. Ultraviolet light was radiated to the resin of the primary coating and thereby the resin was cured. As a secondary coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 70 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. and 150 kg/mm

2

at −40° C. was coated on the primary coating in such a manner that the diameter of the resin of the secondary coating became 250 μm. Ultraviolet light was radiated to the resin of the secondary coating and thereby the resin was cured. Thus, an optical fiber was obtained. A predetermined number of optical fibers were arranged in a row. As an outer coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 100 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. and 210 kg/mm

2

at −40° C. was coated in a ribbon shape around the optical fibers. Ultraviolet light was radiated to the resin of the outer coating and thereby the resin was cured. Thus, optical fiber ribbons were obtained. Table 1 compares the optical fiber ribbons according to examples 1-4 with conventional optical fiber ribbons that correspond thereto.

TABLE 1

conventional

structure according to

structure

present invention

ribbon

thick-

ribbon

ribbon

ribbon

ness

width

thick-

width

(mm)

(mm)

ness (mm)

(mm)

4 fibers

0.38

1.10

4 fibers

0.33

1.12

0.25

0.61

Example 1

(thin

type)

8 fibers

0.33

2.12

0.25

1.11

Example 2

12

0.33

3.12

0.25

1.61

Example 3

fibers

16

—

—

0.25

2.11

Example 4

fibers

As is clear from Table 1, the thickness and width of 8-fiber ribbon according to the second example are almost the same as those of the conventional 4-fiber ribbon. Thus, when the number of fibers of an optical fiber ribbon according to the present invention is the same as that of a conventional optical fiber ribbon, the thickness and width of the former are smaller than those of the latter. Consequently, according to the present invention, a higher density optical fiber cable can be accomplished. For example, a 300-fiber (4-fiber ribbons×5 sheets×15 slots) optical fiber cable for use with a conventional 4-fiber ribbon can be sustituted with a 720-fiber (8-fiber ribbons×6 sheets×15 slots) optical fiber cable for use with an 8-fiber ribbon according to example 2. In this case, the fiber density is increased 2.4 times. Likewise, a 600-fiber (8-fiber ribbons×10 sheets×8 slots) optical fiber cable and a 1000-fiber (8-fiber ribbons×10 sheets×13 slots) optical fiber cable for use with a conventional 8-fiber ribbon can be substituted with a 1660-fiber (16-fiber ribbons×13 sheets×8 slots) optical fiber cable and a 2700-fiber (16-fiber ribbons×13 sheets×13 slots) optical fiber cable for use with a 16-fiber ribbon according to example 4 can be accomplished. In this case, the fiber density is increased 2.7 times.

The variations of the transmission loss against temperature variations from −40° C. to 80° C. of the optical fiber ribbons according to examples 1-4 were 0.02 dB/km or less. Experimental results show that the transmission loss does not vary in slot-type fiber cables using the optical fiber ribbons according to the examples.

EXAMPLE 5

A 1.31 μm SM optical fiber whose mode field diameter was 9.3 μm and cladding diameter was 115 μm was prepared. As a non-strippable thin coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 120 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. and 200 kg/mm

2

at −30° C. was coated on the cladding in such a manner that the diameter of the resin became 125 μm.

Ultraviolet light was radiated to the resin of the non-strippable thin coating and thereby the resin was cured. Thus, an optical fiber was obtained. As a soft coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 0.1 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. and 1.0 kg/mm

2

at −40° C. was coated on the non-strippable thin coating in such a manner that the diameter of the resin became 180 μm. Ultraviolet light was radiated to the resin of the soft coating and thereby the resin was cured. Four optical fibers were arranged in a row. As an outer coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 70 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. and 150 kg/mm

2

at −30° C. was coated around the optical fibers in a ribbon shape whose thickness became 200 μm and width became 560 μm. Ultraviolet light was radiated to the resin of the outer coating and thereby the resin was cured. Thus, an optical fiber ribbon was obtained.

EXAMPLE 6

Eight optical fibers fabricated in the same manner as example 5 were arranged in a row. As an outer coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 100 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. and 210 kg/mm

2

at −40° C. was coated around the optical fibers in a ribbon shape whose thickness became 200 μm and width became 1490 μm. Ultraviolet light was radiated to the resin of the outer coating and thereby the resin was cured. Thus, an optical fiber ribbon was obtained.

EXAMPLE 7

Twelve optical fibers fabricated in the same manner as example 6 were arranged in a row. As an outer coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 100 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. and 210 kg/mm

2

at −40° C. was coated around the optical fibers in a ribbon shape whose thickness became 200 μm and width became 2210 μm. Ultraviolet light was radiated to the resin of the outer coating and thereby the resin was cured. Thus, an optical fiber ribbon was obtained.

EXAMPLE 8

Sixteen optical fibers fabricated in the same manner as example 5 were arranged in a row. As an outer coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 100 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. and 210 kg/mm

2

at −40° C. was coated around the optical fibers in a ribbon shape whose thickness became 200 μm and width became 2930 μm. Ultraviolet light was radiated to the resin of the outer coating and thereby the resin was cured. Thus, an optical fiber ribbon was obtained.

Compared Examples

Table 2 compares the thickness and width of the optical fiber ribbons according to examples 5-8 with those of conventional equivalent optical fiber ribbons.

TABLE 2

conventional

structure according to

structure

present invention

ribbon

thick-

ribbon

ribbon

ribbon

ness

width

thick-

width

(mm)

(mm)

ness (mm)

(mm)

4 fibers

0.38

1.10

4 fibers

0.33

1.12

0.25

0.77

Example 5

(thin

type)

8 fibers

0.33

2.12

0.25

1.49

Example 6

12

0.33

3.12

0.25

2.21

Example 7

fibers

16

—

—

0.25

2.93

Example 8

fibers

As is clear from Table 2, when the optical fiber ribbons according to examples 5-8 are compared with conventional equivalent optical fiber ribbons, the thickness and width of each optical fiber ribbon according to examples 5-8 are decreased. Thus, it is clear that the occupation ratio of optical fibers improves.

As with example 1, the variations of the transmission loss against temperature variations from −40° C. to 80° C. of the optical fiber ribbons according to examples 5-8 were 0.02 dB/km or less. Experimental results show that the transmission loss does not vary in slot-type fiber cables using the optical fiber ribbons according to examples 1-4.

EXAMPLE 9

Four optical fibers fabricated in the same manner as the first example were arranged in a row. As an outer coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 100 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. and 210 kg/mm

2

at −40° C. was coated around the optical fibers in a ribbon shape whose thickness became 200 μm and width became 0.56 μm. Ultraviolet light was radiated to the resin of the outer coating and thereby the resin was cured. Thus, an optical fiber ribbon was obtained.

EXAMPLE 10

Eight optical fibers fabricated in the same manner as example 1 were arranged in a row. As an outer coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 100 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. and 210 kg/mm

2

at −40° C. was coated around the optical fibers in a ribbon shape whose thickness became 200 μm and width became 1.06 μm. Ultraviolet light was radiated to the resin of the outer coating and thereby the resin was cured. Thus, an optical fiber ribbon was obtained.

EXAMPLE 11

Twelve optical fibers fabricated in the same manner as example 1 were arranged in a row. As an outer coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 100 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. and 210 kg/mm

2

at −40° C. was coated around the optical fibers in a ribbon shape whose thickness became 200 μm and width became 1.56 μm. Ultraviolet light was radiated to the resin of the outer coating and thereby the resin was cured. Thus, an optical fiber ribbon was obtained.

EXAMPLE 12

Sixteen optical fibers fabricated in the same manner as example 1 were arranged in a row. As an outer coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 100 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. and 210 kg/mm

2

at −40° C. was coated around the optical fibers in a ribbon shape whose thickness became 200 μm and width became 2.06 μm. Ultraviolet light was radiated to the resin of the outer coating and thereby the resin was cured. Thus, an optical fiber ribbon was obtained.

Compared Examples

Table 3 compares the thickness and width of the optical fiber ribbons according to examples 9-12 with those of conventional equivalent optical fiber ribbons.

TABLE 3

conventional

structure according to

structure

present invention

ribbon

thick-

ribbon

ribbon

ribbon

ness

width

thick-

width

(mm)

(mm)

ness (mm)

(mm)

4 fibers

0.38

1.10

4 fibers

0.33

1.12

0.20

0.56

Example 9

(thin

type)

8 fibers

0.33

2.12

0.20

1.06

Example 10

12

0.33

3.12

0.20

1.56

Example 11

fibers

16

—

—

0.20

2.06

Example 12

fibers

As is clear from Table 3, when the optical fiber ribbons according to examples 9-12 are compared with conventional equivalent optical fiber ribbons, the thickness and width of each optical fiber ribbon according to examples 9-12 are decreased. Thus, it is clear that the occupation ratio of optical fibers improves.

Next, with reference to the

FIG. 4

, an optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 4

is a sectional view showing an example of the structure of an optical fiber according to the embodiment.

As shown in

FIG. 4

, in this embodiment, a non-strippable thin coating

14

is coated on an SM optical fiber

13

. The SM optical fiber

13

is composed of a core

13

a

and a cladding

13

b.

The diameter of the core

13

a

is generally in the range from 5 μm to 15 μm. The non-strippable thin coating

14

is made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 50 kg/mm

2

to 250 kg/mm

2

at room temperature. The non-strippable thin coating

14

is highly adhesive to the cladding

13

b

of the optical fiber

13

. The diameter of the non-strippable thin coating

14

is 125 μm. The concentricity of the core

13

a

to the diameter of the non-strippable thin coating is 1 μm or less. A primary coating

15

and a secondary coating

16

are successively coated on the non-strippable thin coating

14

. The primary coating

15

is made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 0.01 kg/mm

2

to 0.5 kg/mm

2

at room temperature. The secondary coating

16

is made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 10 kq/mm

2

to 200 kg/mm

2

at room temperature. The primary coating

15

has low adhesion to the non-strippable thin coating

14

.

When such optical fibers are connected, although the primary coating

15

and the secondary coating

16

are easily stripped off together, the non-strippable thin coating

14

adheres to the cladding

13

b

and thereby protects the cladding

13

b.

Thus, the optical fibers can be easily connected with a clamp-type connector free of a damage of the core and cladding

13

. In addition, since the concentricity amount of the core

13

a

to the diameter of the non-strippable thin coating

14

is 1 μm or less, a splice loss hardly takes place. Moreover, the optical fiber according to the present invention can be connected to a conventional SM optical fiber (whose cladding diameter is 125 μm and whose concentricity of the core to the cladding diameter is 1 μm or less) almost free of a splice loss. When the concentricity of the core

13

a

to the diameter of the non-strippable thin coating

14

exceeds 1 μm, the splice loss becomes large. Thus, in this case, the optical fiber cannot be practically used.

According to the present invention, it is required that the concentricity of the core

13

a

to the diameter of the non-strippable thin coating

14

be 1 μm or less. Although the concentricity of the core

13

a

to the cladding diameter is not limited, in consideration of the transmission characteristic of the optical fiber, the concentricity of the core

13

a

to the cladding diameter is preferably 1 μm or less.

In addition, according to the present invention, the non-strippable thin coating

14

should be made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 50 kg/mm

2

to 250 kg/mm

2

at room temperature. When the Young's modulus is less than 50 kg/mm

2

, the non-strippable thin coating

14

is easily stripped from the cladding. In addition, when the optical fibers are connected, the optical fibers may not be properly protected. On the other hand, when the Young's modulus exceeds 250 kg/mm

2

, the contracting force due to a temperature variation may increase. According to the present invention, synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 100 kg/mm

2

to 150 kg/mm

2

at room temperature is preferably used.

The thickness of the non-strippable thin coating

14

is preferably in the range from 2 μm to 15 μm. When the thickness of the non-strippable thin coating

14

is less than 2 μm, it is difficult to coat with the cladding by a die. In addition, the cladding

13

b

cannot be properly protected. Thus, when the optical fibers are connected, the core and cladding

13

may be damaged. In contrast, when the thickness of the non-strippable thin coating

14

exceeds 15 μm, microbending due to a difference of expansion coefficients take place in the optical fiber

11

. Consequently, the transmission loss may increase. The thickness of the non-strippable thin coating

14

is more preferably in the range from 5 μm to 10 μm.

In the above-descried example, the primary coating

15

made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 0.01 kg/mm

2

to 0.5 kg/mm

2

at room temperature and the secondary coating

16

made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 10 kg/mm

2

to 200 kg/mm

2

at room temperature are disposed on the non-strippable thin coating

14

. However, the present invention is not limited to such a structure as long as the stripping characteristic of a coating to the non-strippable thin coating

14

and the protection of the optical fiber

11

(for suppressing a transmission loss due to a lateral pressure and a temperature variation from increasing) is obtained.

However, the primary coating

15

made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 0.01 kg/mm

2

to 0.5 kg/mm

2

at room temperature suppresses a transmission loss of the optical fiber

13

from increasing at room temperature. In addition, the secondary coating

16

made of synthetic resin with a Young's modulus of 10 kg/mm

2

to 200 kg/mm

2

at room temperature prevents a transmission loss due to a lateral pressure from increasing. Thus, the structure having at least these two layers is preferably used. The thickness of the primary coating

15

is preferably in the range from 5 μm to 100 μm. The thickness of the secondary coating

16

is preferably in the range from 5 μm to 150 μm.

Examples of synthetic resin of each coating is the same as those of the above-described optical fiber ribbon.

To allow the concentricity of the core

13

a

to the diameter of the non-strippable thin coating

14

to be 1 μm or less, in the fabrication process of a preform rod, the concentricity and concentricity direction of the core to the cladding diameter are obtained. When the non-strippable thin coating

14

is coated, the center position of the die and the center position of the line from a heating furnace of an optical fiber drawing unit to a receiving unit are adjusted corresponding to the obtained concentricity and concentric direction of the core. In other words, when the concentricity of the core to the cladding in the preform rod is 1 μm or less and the center of the die is matched with the center of the entire line, the concentricity of the core to the diameter of the non-strippable thin coating

14

becomes 1 μm or less. When the concentricity of the core to the cladding in the preform rod is 1 μm or more, the center position of the die and the center position of the entire line of the drawing unit are adjusted so that the concentricity of the core to the non-strippable thin coating

14

becomes 1 μm or less.

Next, optical fibers according to one aspect of the present invention will be described. In the following examples, the Young's modulus was measured corresponding to JIS K 7113. The gauge length was 25 mm. The pulling velocity was 1 mm/min. The expansion distortion was 2.5%.

EXAMPLE 13

While a 1.31 μm SM optical fiber whose mode field diameter was 9.3 μm and cladding diameter was 115 μm was being drawn from a preform rod that had been fabricated by an existing method, as a non-strippable thin coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 100 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. was coated thereon in such a manner that the diameter became 125 μm and the concentricity of the core to the diameter of the non-strippable thin coating became 1 μm or less. Ultraviolet light was radiated to the resin of the non-strippable thin coating and thereby the resin was cured. Since the concentricity of the core of the preform rod was 1 μm or less, the resin was coated in such a manner that the center of the die was matched with the center of the line of the drawing unit.

Next, as a primary coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 0.1 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. was coated around the non-strippable thin coating. Ultraviolet light was radiated to the resin of the primary coating and thereby the resin was cured. As a secondary coating, urethane acrylate ultraviolet curable resin with a Young's modulus of 70 kg/mm

2

at 23° C. was coated on the primary coating. Ultraviolet light was radiated to the resin of the secondary coating and thereby the resin was cured. Thus, an optical fiber was obtained.

EXAMPLE 14

An optical fiber was obtained in the same manner as example 13 except that the center of the die and the center of the line of the drawing unit were moved because the concentricity of the core to the cladding diameter of the preform rod was 1 μm or more.

The primary and secondary coatings of two optical fibers were removed and the optical fibers were connected with a clamp-type connector. The splice loss of the connected optical fiber was measured. Table 4 shows the measured splice loss, the cladding diameter of the core, and the concentricity of the first coating (non-strippable thin coating) to the diameter of the optical fiber according to each of examples 13 and 14 and a conventional optical fiber as a compared example.

TABLE 4

compared

Example 13

Example 14

example

concentricity

0.15

1.1

0.1

of core to

cladding

(μm)

concentricity

0.2

0.3

—

of core to

first coating

(μm)

splice loss

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

(db)

As is clear from Table 4, the splice loss of the optical fiber according to each of the present invention is 0.1 dB or less. Thus, it was assured that these optical fibers can be practically used.

Although the present invention has been shown and described with respect to a best mode example thereof, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and various other changes, omissions, and additions in the form and detail thereof may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Number	Date	Country	Kind
10-120911	Apr 1998	JP
10-249846	Sep 1998	JP

Number	Name	Date
4828349	Nakasuji	May 1989
5408564	Mills	Apr 1995
5761363	Mills	Jun 1998
5945173	Hattori et al.	Aug 1999
5949940	Botelho et al.	Sep 1999
6028976	Sato et al.	Feb 2000

Number	Date	Country
0 293 886	Dec 1988	EP
9-325251	Dec 1997	JP

Optical fiber

Information

Patent Number

Date Filed

Date Issued

Inventors

Original Assignees

Examiners

Agents

CPC

US Classifications

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US

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Abstract

Description

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Priority Claims (2)

US Referenced Citations (6)

Foreign Referenced Citations (2)