Patent Application
20100104776
The present invention relates to an optical film, a production method thereof, and a liquid crystal display comprising the optical film. In particular, the present invention relates to an optical film having excellent transparency and physical properties, and low moisture absorption, a production method thereof, and a liquid crystal display comprising the same.
This application claims priority benefits from Korean Patent Application No. 10-2007-0036853, filed on Apr. 16, 2007, the entire content of which is fully incorporated herein by reference.
In recent years, a polarizing plate having excellent optical properties, durability, adhesive reliability, and other additional functions is required to provide a high quality liquid crystal display.
In general, iodine-based polarizing plates are oriented by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in which polyiodide ions are stretched and oriented, so as to exhibit polarity. However, since a water-soluble PVA matrix is used in the production of iodine-based polarizing plates, the iodine-based polarizing plates are weak against heat and water even after cross-linking treatment, resulting in insufficient polarizing performance. In addition, the shrinkage may occur in the stretched direction of polarizer under a high temperature and high humidity environment, and the mechanical strength in the direction perpendicular to the stretched direction becomes very weak at room temperature. On the other hand, the iodine-based polarizing plates are disadvantageous in that polyiodide ions are weak against heat and water. Accordingly, for better dimensional stability, humidity resistance, and heat resistance of polarizing plate, protection layers are generally formed on both sides of polarizer.
Triacetyl cellulose (referred to as TAC, hereinafter) is mainly used as a protection layer in the commercialized polarizing plates. It is bemuse that the TAC film has high light transmittance and low birefringence, and is easy to have hydrophilicity by surface modification.
However, as a protection layer for the polarizer, TAC has the following drawbacks. First, since the TAC film has high moisture permeability, it deteriorates the durability of polarizing plate under a high temperature and high humidity environment. Second, since the TAC film has high gas permeability, dichromatic materials such as iodine are easily deteriorated by oxygen. Third, since the TAC film contains a plasticizer, heat resistance is reduced, and the defective appearance such as scratch is caused during surface alkali treatment. Forth, in the case of using the TAC film and an adhesive containing acrylic add, the TAC film is decomposed by acrylic acid.
Accordingly, there is a demand for the development of optical films having excellent transparency, mechanical properties and economic value, and low moisture absorption.
The present inventors have made an effort to solve the problems. They found that when a film is produced using a block copolymer comprising a block containing a predetermined amount of (meth)acrylate, the film is improved in transparency, physical properties, and moisture absorption, compared to a conventional acrylate-based film, thereby being useful as an optical film.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an optical film having excellent mechanical properties and low moisture absorption, a production method thereof, and a liquid crystal display comprising the same.
The present invention provides an optical film comprising a block copolymer which comprises a black containing 50 mol % or more of (meth)acrylate.
In the present invention, the block copolymer is preferably a block copolymer comprising a vinyl polymer block consisting of a hard segment containing 50 mol % or more of (meth)acrylate, and a block consisting of a soft segment containing at least one selected from the group consisting of polysiloxane, polyether, polyester and polyurethane.
Further, the present invention provides a method for producing an optical film, comprising the steps of a) preparing a block copolymer which comprises a block containing 50 mol % or more of (meth)acrylate, and b) molding a film using the block copolymer.
Further, the present invention provides a liquid crystal display comprising a liquid crystal cell, and a first polarizing plate and second polarizing plate provided on both sides of the liquid crystal cell, in which one or more optical films comprising a black copolymer that comprises a block containing 50 mol % or more of (meth)acrylate are disposed between at least one of first polarizing plate and second polarizing plate and the liquid crystal cell.
Further, the present invention provides a polarizing plate comprising a polarizer, and an optical film comprising a block copolymer which comprises a block containing 50 mol % or more of (meth)acrylate provided on one side or both sides of the polarizer as a protection film.
Further, the present invention provides a liquid crystal display comprising a liquid crystal cell, and a first polarizing plate and second polarizing plate provided on both sides of the liquid crystal cell, in which at least one of first polarizing plate and second polarizing plate is a polarizing plate comprising a polarizer and an optical film comprising a block copolymer which comprises containing a block containing 50 mol % or more of (meth)acrylate provided on one side or both sides of the polarizer as a protection film.
According to the present invention, an optical film is produced by using a block copolymer comprising a block containing 50 mol % or more of (meth)acrylate, thereby having excellent transparency and physical properties, and low moisture absorption. The optical film is useful as a protection film of polarizing plate or the like.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The optical film according to the present invention is characterized in that it comprises a block copolymer containing a block containing 50 mol % or more of (meth)acrylate. As used herein, the term ‘(meth)acrylate’ encompasses all of methacrylate and acrylate.
In the present invention, an optical film is produced using the above block copolymer to provide an optical film having excellent transparency and physical properties, and low moisture absorption, compared to a conventional acrylate-based film.
In particular, the block copolymer is preferably a block copolymer comprising a vinyl polymer block consisting of a hard segment containing 50 mol % or more of (meth)acrylate, and a block consisting of a soft segment containing at least one selected from the group consisting of polysiloxane, polyether, polyester and polyurethane.
In the present invention, a (meth)acrylic aid monomer constituting the vinyl polymer black preferably includes an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkylene or aromatic substituent. Specific examples of the monomer include butyl(meth)acrylate, ethyl(meth)acrylate, methyl(meth)acrylate, n-propyl(meth)acrylate, isopropyl(meth)acrylate, t-butyl(meth)acrylate, pentyl(meth)acrylate, n-octyl(meth)acrylate, n-tetradecyl(meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl(meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, and benzyl (meth)acrylate, and may be used singly or as a mixture of two or more.
The vinyl polymer block may further include other monomers such as a vinyl cyanide monomer, a maleimide monomer, and a vinyl monomer containing an aromatic ring, in addition to the (meth)acrylic acid monomer.
The vinyl cyanide monomer includes acrylonitrile or the like. Examples of the maleimide monomer include N-phenylmaleimide, N-cyclohexylmaleimide, N-methylmaleimide, and N-butylmaleimide. Examples of the vinyl monomer containing an aromatic ring include styrene-based monomers, specifically one or more selected from styrene, α-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, p-ethylstyrene, p-propylstyrene, 4-(p-methylphenyl)styrene, 1-vinylnaphthalene, p-chlorostyrene, m-chlorostyrene and p-nitrostyrene, but are not limited thereto.
In the present invention, it is most preferable that the vinyl polymer block consisting of a hard segment containing 50 mol % more of (meth)acrylate consists of methyl methacrylate.
In the present invention, polysiloxane which is contained in the block consisting of a soft segment may comprise a monomer represented by the following Formula 1:
wherein R and R′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, halocycloalkyl, haloaryl and haloheteroaryl, and
n is an integer of 1 to 6.
In the present invention, it is most preferable that the polysiloxane is polydimethylsiloxane.
In the present invention, polyether which is contained in the block consisting of a soft segment may comprise a monomer represented by the following Formula 2:
wherein n is an integer of 2 to 4, and
x is an integer of 5 or more.
In the present invention, polyester which is contained in the block consisting of a soft segment may comprise a monomer represented by the following Formula 3:
wherein X is C1˜C24 alkyl, and
y is an integer of 1 or more.
In the present invention, polyurethane which is contained in the block consisting of a soft segment may comprise a monomer represented by the following Formula 4:
wherein E and X are each independently C1˜C24 alkyl,
M and M′ are each independently O or N, and
l is an integer of 1 or more.
In the block containing at least one of polysiloxane, polyether, polyester and polyurethane, the monomers represented by Formulae 1 to 4 may be directly linked to each other, or may be linked by divalent group such as alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, cycloalkylene, arylene, heteroarylene, —O—, —S—, —NR″—, and —COO—, in which R″ may be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, halocycloalkyl, haloaryl and haloheteroaryl.
The block copolymer used in the production of the optical film according to the present invention may be prepared in the form of (A-B)n, B-(A-B)n, and (A-B)n-A, or in the mixed forms thereof, in which A is a block containing 50 mol % or more of (meth)acrylate, and B is an additional block capable of constituting the block copolymer with A. For example, A may be a vinyl polymer block consisting of a hard segment containing 50 mol % or more of (meth)acrylate, and B may be a block consisting of a soft segment containing at least one selected from the group consisting of polysiloxane, polyether, polyester and polyurethane. n is an integer of 1 or more.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the weight ratio of the vinyl polymer block consisting of a hard segment containing 50 mol % or more of (meth)acrylate and the block consisting of a soft segment is 95:5 to 5:95. In the case where the weight ratio is not within the range, the produced block copolymer may not exhibit physical properties suitable for optical film.
A molecular weight of the block copolymer is not specifically limited, but is preferably a number-average molecular weight of 5,000 to 2,000,000, and more preferably a number-average molecular weight of 10,000 to 1,000,000.
Upon preparing the block copolymer, a molecular weight of the block B is preferably 1,000 to 200,000, and more preferably 1,500 to 20,000. In the case where the molecular weight of the block B is too low, the number of azo group added in the preparation of block copolymer is increased to reduce production efficiency, and the resulting block copolymer does not have desired physical properties. In contrast, in the case where the molecular weight of the block B is too high, much time is required for the preparation of block copolymer, and the size of domain B in the resulting block copolymer is increased to deteriorate transparency of block copolymer.
A molecular weight of the block A is not specifically limited, but is preferably a number-average molecular weight of 5,000 to 2,000,000, and more preferably a number-average molecular weight of 10,000 to 1,000,000 for the production of optical film.
The block copolymer according to the present invention may be prepared by a method known in the related art. For example, the block copolymer may be prepared by the following method, but is not limited thereto.
First, a block containing a soft segment with an azo group is prepared by the reaction between a block containing a soft segment, of which end is treated with alkylhydroxy or alkylamine, and a compound having an azo initiator group, and radial polymerization is performed using the block as a vinyl polymerization initiator to prepare the above mentioned block copolymer.
Second, radial polymerization of styrene is performed using an initiator, of which end is substituted with carboxylic and, aryl chloride, or hydroxy amine. In this step, to control the molecular weight of polystyrene, the initiator is preferably added in an amount of 1 to 30 mol %, and more preferably 1 to 20 mol % to initiate the polymerization. The resulting polystyrene is subjected to reaction with the block containing a soft segment, of which end is treated with hydroxy, amine, isocyanate, or carboxylic acid, so as to prepare the block copolymer of the present invention.
More specifically, the black copolymer according to the present invention may be prepared using a macro nitrogen compound (described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2000-53716) containing polysiloxane as a soft segment, represented by the following Formula 5, and the disclosure thereof is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Wherein R1 to R4 are each independently an alkyl group or a cyano group,
R5 and R6 are each independently an alkyl group or aryl group,
X and Y are each independently an alkylene group, and
m, n, p and q are each independently a positive integer.
In Formula 5, the alkyl group may be a straight or branched chain, for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof may include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a 1-methylpentyl group, and a 2-methylpentyl group.
In Formula 5, examples of the aryl group may include a phenyl group, an o-tolyl group, a m-tolyl group, a p-tolyl group, a 2,3-xylyl group, a 2,4-xylyl group, a 2,5-xylyl group, a 2,6-xylyl group, a 3,5-xylyl group, and a naphthyl group.
In Formula 5, the alkylene group represented by X or Y may be a straight, branched or cyclic chain, for example, an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof may include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a 2-methylpropylene group, a pentylene group, a 2,2-dimethyl propylene group, a 2-ethylpropylene group, a hexylene group, a heptylene group, an octylene group, a 2-ethylhexylene group, a nonylene group, a decylene group, a cyclopropylene group, a cyclopentylene group, and a cyclohexylene group, and among them, an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is preferable.
In Formula 5, m is generally an integer of 5 or more, preferably an integer of 5 to 2,000, and more preferably an integer of 5 to 300. n is generally an integer of 2 or more, preferably an integer of 2 to 100, and more preferably an integer of 2 to 50. p or q is generally an integer of 1 or more, preferably an integer of 1 to 200, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 100.
In Formula 5, the ratio of p and q is 10:1 to 1:10, and preferably 3:1 to 1:3. The number-average molecular weight of the compound of Formula 1 is generally 5,000 to 300,000, and preferably 8,000 to 150,000.
The above described (meth)acrylic aid monomer is polymerized using the compound represented by Formula 5 to prepare the block copolymer according to the present invention.
Examples of the polymerization using the compound represented by Formula 5 include solution polymerization, bulk polymerization, suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, and dispersion polymerization. Upon performing polymerization, if necessary, a chain transfer agent may be added to control the molecular weight, and examples thereof may include lauryl mercaptan, cetyl mercaptan, butylmercaptan, 2-mercapto ethanol, thio glycol, and acidbutyl.
Examples of the solvent used in solution polymerization may include ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, diethylether, and dioxane, halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride, and 1,2-dichloroethan, hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, petroleum ether, toluene, benzene, and xylene, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methylisobutylketone, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethyl formamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide. Such solvents may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
The polymerization is preferably performed under inert gas atmosphere. Examples of the inert gas may include nitrogen gas and argon gas.
Upon the polymerization, the amount of the macro nitrogen compound represented by Formula 5 may be used in general ranges, depending on the type of (meth)acrylic acid monomer to be polymerized, and typically in an amount of 0.01 to 100% by weight, and preferably 0.05 to 50% by weight, based on the (meth)acrylic aid monomer to be polymerized.
Upon the polymerization, the concentration of (meth)acrylic acid monomer to be polymerized may be generally 5 to 100% by weight (no solvent), and preferably 10 to 60% by weight, depending on the type of (meth)acrylic acid monomer to be polymerized.
The reaction temperature may vary depending on other polymerization conditions, and may be generally 30 to 130° C., preferably 40 to 120° C., and more preferably 60 to 90° C. Further, reaction time may vary depending on polymerization conditions such as reaction temperature, and type or concentration of monomer, and may be generally 2 to 24 hrs.
By using the compound represented by Formula 5 as a polymerization initiator, the black copolymer according to the present invention may be prepared easily and efficiently.
The black copolymer for the production of the optical film according to the present invention may further comprise a filler, a reinforcing agent, a stabilizer, a coloring agent, and antioxidant, if necessary.
Further, the optical film according to the present invention may comprise an acrylic resin as a material to improve productivity, in addition to the above described black copolymer. At this time, a mixed ratio of black copolymer and acrylic resin is not specifically limited, but may be within the range, which does not affect the mechanical properties of the resulting optical film. The weight ratio of black copolymer and acrylic resin is preferably in a range of 95:5 to 5:95, and more preferably in a range of 80:20 to 20:80. In the case where the weight ratio of acrylic resin is more than 95%, the resulting optical film may not have suitable physical properties. The type of acrylic resin is not specifically limited, but may be commercially available one, for example, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).
The present invention further provides a method for producing an optical film, comprising the steps of a) preparing a black copolymer which comprises a black containing 50 mol % or more of (meth)acrylate, and b) molding a film using the block copolymer.
In particular, the black copolymer is preferably a black copolymer comprising a vinyl polymer black consisting of a hard segment containing 50 mol % or more of (meth)acrylate, and a black consisting of a soft segment containing at least one selected from the group consisting of polysiloxane, polyether, polyester and polyurethane.
In the case of producing an optical film from the block copolymer, the block copolymer is prepared by a first molding process such as extrusion molding, inflation molding and solution casting. The optical film is preferably used as it is, that is, as an unstretched film for industrial use, and may be also provided with retardation by a stretching process as a second molding process to be used as a retardation film.
In the case of producing the film by extrusion molding as a first molding process, the copolymer is passed through a thin gap of T-die to produce a film having an optional thickness. At this time, to prevent defective appearance due to generated gas, it is preferable that the block copolymer is previously heated and dried at a temperature range of 80 to 130° C. To avoid the molecular chain orientation, extrusion molding is preferably performed at a sufficiently higher temperature than glass transition temperature, at which block copolymer is melted, and a shear rate of 1,000/sec or less. After passing through the die, the molten film may be cooled and solidified using a low-temperature metal roller or steel belt.
In the case of producing the film by solution casting as a first molding process, a solvent capable of solubilizing the block copolymer is selected, and a plurality of solvents may be used, if necessary. Specific examples of thereof may include methylene chloride, chloroform, chlorobenzene, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dioxolane, and tetrahydrofuran, but are not limited thereto. In particular, a good solvent to the block copolymer may be combined with a poor solvent for the purpose of controlling the rate of volatilization. Upon drying the film, it is important to form no bubble or internal void within the film by setting up the heating condition, and it is preferred that the concentration of the residual solvent be not more than 0.1 wt %.
It is preferable that the optical film produced by the first molding process has a thickness of 30 to 500 μm.
In the case of further stretching the produced optical film, it is preferable to carry out the stretching operation at a temperature in the range of from [Tg−20° C.] to [Tg+30° C.], when a glass transition temperature of the block copolymer referred to “Tg”. The term “glass transition temperature” as referred to herein means a region from a temperature at which the storage modulus of the block copolymer begins to decrease, whereby the loss modulus becomes higher than the storage modulus to a temperature at which the orientation of the polymer chain disappears due to relaxation. The glass transition temperature may be measured by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
In the production method of the optical film according to the present invention, the block copolymer may be blended with an acrylic resin, before molding the film. As mentioned above, a mixing ratio of the acrylic resin and block copolymer is not specifically limited, but may be within a range which does not impair physical properties of the optical film obtained by blending.
In addition, the present invention provides a liquid crystal display comprising a liquid crystal cell, and a first polarizing plate and second polarizing plate provided on both sides of the liquid crystal cell, in which one or more optical films consisting of a block copolymer that contains a block containing 50 mol % or more of (meth)acrylate are disposed between at least one of first polarizing plate and second polarizing plate and the liquid crystal cell.
In particular, the block copolymer is preferably a block copolymer comprising a vinyl polymer block consisting of a hard segment containing 50 mol % or more of (meth)acrylate, and a block consisting of a soft segment containing at least one selected from the group consisting of polysiloxane, polyether, polyester and polyurethane.
Further, the present invention provides a polarizing plate comprising a polarizer, and an optical film that contains a block copolymer containing a block containing 50 mol % or more of (meth)acrylate provided on one side or both sides of the polarizer as a protection film.
In particular, the block copolymer is preferably a block copolymer comprising a vinyl polymer black consisting of a hard segment containing 50 mol % or more of (meth)acrylate, and a block consisting of a soft segment containing at least one selected from the group consisting of polysiloxane, polyether, polyester and polyurethane.
In the case where the optical film according to the present invention is provided as a protection film on only one side of the polarizer, a protection film known in the art may be provided on the other side.
As the polarizer, a film made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing iodine or a dichromatic dye may be used. The polarizer may be produced by dyeing iodine or a dichromatic dye on the polyvinyl alcohol film, but the production method is not specifically limited. In the present invention, the polarizer refers to one not including the protection film, and the polarizing plate refers to one including both of the polarizer and protection film.
In the polarizing plate according to the present invention, the protection film may be combined with the polarizer by a method known in the art.
For example, the protection film may be combined with the polarizer by an adhesion method using an adhesive. That is, an adhesive is first applied on the surface of the protection film or PVA film as a polarizer using a roll water, gravure water, bar water, knife water or capillary water. Before the adhesive is completely dried, the protection film and polarizer are combined with each other by heat compression with a lamination roll or by compression at room temperature. In the case of using a hot melt type adhesive, a heat-pressing roll should be used.
A usable adhesive may be a one- or two-liquid type PVA adhesive, a polyurethane adhesive, an epoxy adhesive, a styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) adhesive, and a hot melt adhesive, but is not limited thereto. In the case of using the polyurethane adhesive, it may preferably be a polyurethane adhesive prepared using an aliphatic isocyanate compound which is not yellowed by light. In the case of using a one- or two-liquid type adhesive for dry laminate or an adhesive having a relatively low reactivity of isocyanate with a hydroxy group, a solution adhesive diluted with acetate, ketone, ether, or an aromatic solvent may be used. The viscosity of adhesive is preferably less than 5000 cps. These adhesives may have better storage stability and light transmittance of 90% or greater at 400 to 800 nm.
If a pressure-sensitive adhesive can show sufficient adhesive strength, it may also be used. Preferably, the pressure-sensitive adhesive is sufficiently aired by heat or ultraviolet radiation after lamination to increase the mechanical strength thereof to the level of the adhesive such that its adhesive strength is too high to peel it off without destroying one or both sides of film to which the pressure-sensitive adhesive is attached.
Specific examples of usable pressure-sensitive adhesive include natural rubber, synthetic rubber or elastomer, vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinylalkylether, polyacrylate, and modified polyolefinic pressure-sensitive adhesive, which have good optical transparency, and hardened pressure-sensitive adhesives produced by adding a hardener such as isocianate thereto.
In addition, the present invention provides a liquid crystal display comprising a liquid crystal cell, and a first polarizing plate and second polarizing plate provided on both sides of the liquid crystal cell, in which at least one of first polarizing plate and second polarizing plate is a polarizing plate comprising a polarizer and an optical film that contains a block copolymer containing a block containing 50 mol % or more of (meth)acrylate provided on one side or both sides of the polarizer as a protection film.
In particular, the block copolymer is preferably a block copolymer comprising a vinyl polymer block consisting of a hard segment containing 50 mol % or more of (meth)acrylate, and a block consisting of a soft segment containing at least one selected from the group consisting of polysiloxane, polyether, polyester and polyurethane.
The liquid crystal display will be described as follows, with reference to
In the case of disposing the optical film according to the present invention to one side of polarizing plate 11 and/or polarizing plate 12, examples of the protection film disposed as a protection film to the other side may include a triacetate cellulose (TAC) film, an ROMP (ring opening metathesis polymerization) polynorbornene-based film, an HROMP (ring opening metathesis polymerization followed by hydrogenation) polymer film, which is obtained by hydrogenating a ring opening metathesis polymerized cycloolefine-based polymer, a polyester film, and an addition polymerization polynorbornene-based film. In addition, a film made from a transparent polymer may be available as the protection film, but is not limited thereto.
The liquid crystal display comprising the polarizing plate according to the present invention may further comprise the optical film according to the present invention between the polarizing plate and liquid crystal cell.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples. Examples are provided only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention, and accordingly it is not intended that the present invention is limited thereto.
1. Preparation of Polydimethylsiloxane Macroinitiator
32 g of 1,13-bisphenol-polydimethylsiloxane (Mn=3500) was dissolved in 50 g of chloroform, and 2.1 g of trimethylamine was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 min. Subsequently, while supplying 5° C. cooling water, a solution of azobis-4-cyanopentanoyl chloride (3 g) dissolved in 50 g of chloroform was added dropwise for 30 min. After 24 hrs, byproducts and unreacted materials were washed with distilled water. Then, the resultant was dried under reduced pressure to give 30 g of macroazo initiator I (Mn=32,000, PDI=2.0).
2. Preparation of Polycaprolactam Macroinitiator
45 g of polycaprolactamdiol (Mn=4,000) was dissolved in 70 g of chloroform, and 3 g of trimethylamine was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 min. Subsequently, while supplying 5° C. cooling water, a solution of azobis-4-cyanopentanoyl chloride (3.54 g, 11.2 mmol) dissolved in 50 g of chloroform was added dropwise for 30 min. After 24 hrs, byproducts and unreacted materials were washed with distilled water. Then, the resultant was dried under reduced pressure to give 40.5 g of macroazo initiator II (Mn=25,000, PDI=2.0).
3. Preparation of Polyethyleneoxide Macroinitiator
45 g of polyethyleneoxidediol (Mn=3,200) was dissolved in 70 g of chloroform, and 3.2 g of trimethylamine was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 min. Subsequently, while supplying 5° C. cooling water, a solution of azobis-4-cyanopentanoyl chloride (4.4 g, 14 mmol) dissolved in 40 g of chloroform was added dropwise for 30 min. After 24 hrs, byproducts and unreacted materials were washed with distilled water. Then, the resultant was dried under reduced pressure to give 41 g of macroazo initiator III (Mn=23,000, PDI=1.8).
4. Preparation of Polytetrahydrofuran Macroinitiator
60 g of polytetrahydrofurandiol (Mn=5000) was dissolved in 170 g of chloroform, and 2.4 g of trimethylamine was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 min. Subsequently, while supplying 5° C. cooling water, a solution of azobis-4-cyanopentanoyl chloride (3.8 g, 12 mmol) dissolved in 50 g of chloroform was added dropwise for 30 min. After 24 hrs, byproducts and unreacted materials were washed with distilled water. Then, the resultant was dried under reduced pressure to give 39.5 g of macroazo initiator IV (Mn=16,000, PDI=2.2).
10 g of the produced polydimethylsiloxane macroazo initiator I was added to 70 g of methyl methacrylate in a 100 ml flask reactor at 90° C., equipped with a stirrer, followed by polymerization initiation. After 18 hrs, the reaction was stopped by dilution with 100 mL of THF, and stirring was continuously performed at room temperature to completely dissolve the resultant. An excessive amount of methanol was slowly added dropwise, and dried to give 59 g of white solid. Its glass transition temperature measured using DSC was 130° C., and a weight average molecular weight calibrated with polystyrene standards and measured using GPC was 200,000.
Polymerization was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except using a different amount of polydimethylsiloxane macroazo initiator I. The results are shown in the following Table 1.
10 g of the produced polycaprolactam macroazo initiator H was added to 70 g of methyl methacrylate in a 100 ml flask reactor at 90° C., equipped with a stirrer, followed by polymerization initiation. After 18 hrs, the reaction was stopped by dilution with 100 mL of THF, and stirring was continuously performed at room temperature to completely dissolve the resultant. An excessive amount of methanol was slowly added dropwise, and dried to give 50 g of white solid. Its glass transition temperature measured using DSC was 94° C., and a weight average molecular weight calibrated with polystyrene standards and measured using GPC was 140,000.
7 g of the produced polyethyleneoxide macroazo initiator III was added to 70 g of methyl methacrylate in a 100 ml flask reactor at 90° C., equipped with a stirrer, followed by polymerization initiation. After 18 hrs, the ruction was stopped by dilution with 100 mL of THF, and stirring was continuously performed at room temperature to completely dissolve the resultant. An excessive amount of methanol was slowly added dropwise, and dried to give 50 g of white solid. Its glass transition temperature measured using DSC was 105° C., and a weight average molecular weight calibrated with polystyrene standards and measured using GPC was 180,000.
10 g of the produced polytetrahydrofuran macroazo initiator IV was added to 70 g of methyl methacrylate in a 100 ml flask reactor at 90° C., equipped with a stirrer, followed by polymerization initiation. After 18 hrs, the reaction was stopped by dilution with 100 mL of THF, and stirring was continuously performed at room temperature to completely dissolve the resultant. An excessive amount of methanol was slowly added dropwise, and dried to give 50 g of white solid. Its glass transition temperature measured using DSC was 103° C., and a weight average molecular weight calibrated with polystyrene standards and measured using GPC was 120,000.
<Production of Film>
7.5 g of black copolymers prepared in Examples 1 to 6 were added to 42.5 g of dichloroethane, and stirred at 30° C. for 24 hrs to prepare a homogeneous solution. Filtration was performed using a 5 μm filter to remove any undissolved material and dust, and a 15 wt % casting solution was prepared. The casting solution was applied to a glass substrate for LCD, cast with a doctor blade at a speed of 0.3 m/min, and dried at room temperature for 60 min. Then, drying was performed at 60° C. for 60 min, and at 115° C. for 90 min to remove the solvent, and then the polymer film was released. The physical properties of the produced film are shown in the following Table 1. Total transmittance and haze of the film were measured using a reflectance-transmittance meter (HR-100, Murakami color research Lab.). The total transmittance of each film was 90% or more, and the haze of each film is shown in the following Table 2. It was found that except for the block copolymer film in Example 2, each black copolymer film has improved toughness, compared to a conventional polymethyl methacrylate resin. The moisture permeability was measured using a water vapor permeability tester (Lssy, L80-5000) under the conditions of a temperature of 38° C. and the humidity of 100% at the bottom of sample and humidity of 10% at the top of the sample. A TAC film has a moisture permeability of 260.
Further, the films of black copolymer produced in Examples 2, 3 and 5 were stretched, and the results are summarized in the following Table 3. From the results, it can be seen that the film has a lower retardation in the surface direction and a lower retardation in the thickness direction, thereby being suitably used as an optical film.
The retardation value in the thickness direction and the retardation value in the surface direction of the each retardation film were measured using the following method.
The retardation value in the thickness direction was measured using Kobra21-ADH (commercial name) that is manufactured by Oji Scientific Instrument Co. Refractive indexes nx, ny, and nz were measured in respect to axes at 590 nm while the axis having the highest refractive index in the surface direction was set to an x-axis at 590 nm, the axis which was perpendicular to the x-axis in the surface direction was set to an y-axis, and the axis which was perpendicular to the x-y plane was set to a z-axis. The thickness of the film was measured to obtain the refractive indexes nx, ny, and nz, in respect to the axes. The retardation in the thickness direction and the retardation in the surface direction of the optical film were calculated using the following Equations 1 and 2.
R
th=(nz−ny)×d [Equation 1]
wherein ny is the refractive index in the transverse direction in respects to nx in the plane,
nz is the refractive index in the direction which is perpendicular in respects to the plane of the film,
d is the thickness of the film, and
Rth is the thickness retardation value.
R
in=(nx−ny)×d [Equation 2]
wherein n is the refractive index in the direction in which the refractive index is highest in respects to the plane of the film,
ny is the refractive index in the transverse direction in respects to nx in the plane,
d is the thickness of the film, and
Rin is the in-plane retardation value.
Further, elongation is defined by the following Equation 3.
Elongation (%)=[(final length of sample after elongation−initial length of sample before elongation)/initial length of sample before elongation]×100 [Equation 3]
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2007-0036853 | Apr 2007 | KR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2008/002137 | 4/16/2008 | WO | 00 | 10/15/2009 |
