Patent Application
20130202300
The present invention relates generally to passive optical networks (PONs), and more particularly to an architecture of an optical network unit (ONU) integrated in an optical module of an optical line terminal (OLT).
A passive optical network (PON) comprises an optical line terminal (OLT) connected to multiple optical network units (ONUs) in a point-to-multi-point network. New standards have been developed to define different types of PONs, each of which serves a different purpose. For example, the various PON types known in the related art include a Broadband PON (BPON), an Ethernet PON (EPON), ten Gigabit-Ethernet PON (10G-EPON) a Gigabit PON (GPON), ten-Gigabit PON (XG-PON), and others.
An exemplary diagram of a typical PON 100 is schematically shown in
In most PON architectures, the upstream transmission is shared between the ONUs 120 in a TDMA based access, controlled by the OLT 130. TDMA requires that the OLT 130 first discovers the ONUs and measures their round-trip-time (RTT), before enabling coordinated access to the upstream link. With this aim, the OLT 130, during a ranging state, tries to determine the range between the terminal units (i.e., ONUs 120) to find out at least the RTT between OTL 130 and each of the ONUs 120. The RTT of each ONU 120 is necessary in order to coordinate a TDMA based access of all ONUs 120 to the shared upstream link. During a normal operation mode, the range between the OLT 130 to the ONUs 120 may change over time due to temperature changes on the fiber links (which results with varying signal propagation time on the fiber). Thus, the OLT 130 continuously measures the RTT and adjusts the TDMA scheme for each ONU accordingly.
As schematically shown in
The optical module 220 in most cases is implemented as a small form-factor pluggable (SFP) transceiver that receives optical burst signals sent from ONUs and transmits continuous optical signals to ONUs. The reception and transmission of signals is over two different wave lengths. For example, in a GPON, in the downstream direction, the optical module 220 generates an optical signal of 1480 nm to 1500 nm (as referred to 15XY) and in the upstream direction receives optical signals between 1260 nm and 1360 nm (also referred to as 13XY in GPON).
The optical module 220 includes a laser driver diode 221 coupled to a transmit photodiode that produces optical signals based on the electrical signals provided by a laser diode driver 221. The module 220 also includes a limiter amplifier 222 coupled to a receive photodiode that produces current in proportion to the amount of light of the optical input burst signal. The limiter amplifier 222 generates two current levels indicating if a received burst signal is ‘1’ or ‘0’ logic value.
The receiver and transmit photodiodes are realized as a bidirectional optical sub-assembly (BoSa) module 223 that can transmit and receive high rate optical signals. The optical module 220 also includes a controller 224 that communicates with the electrical module 210 through the I2C interface and performs tasks related to calibration and monitoring of the transceiver.
Vendors of the OLTs typically develop and fabricate the electrical module 210 of the OLT, where the optical module 220 is often an off-the-shelve transceiver, such as SFP, XFP and the like. Thus, the interface between the electrical module 210 and the optical module 220 is a standard interface being compatible with any type of SFP transceiver. As illustrated in
In certain PON configurations, a dedicated ONU is connected to the PON to perform maintenance and service availability applications. For example, a dedicated ONU can be utilized as part of a protection mechanism. As other examples, a dedicated ONU can be utilized to perform optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) analysis in the PON, measured RTT values, detect optical faults, and so on. Examples for utilization of dedicated ONUs in the PON can be found in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 12/648,885 and 13/189,935 assigned to common assignee and are hereby incorporated by reference for the useful understanding of the background of the invention.
However, in conventional solutions, a dedicated ONU is connected through an optical fiber (which may be a dedicated fiber, the PON's fiber, or combination thereof) to the OLT. As a result, any applications or services that utilize the dedicated ONU should take into account the delay induced by the optical fiber connecting the OLT to the ONU. In addition, the dedicated ONU should be a small optical distance from the OLT. By way of example, the protection system discussed in the Ser. No. 12/648,885 application, an OLT is connected to a dedicated ONU (i.e., collocated ONU) through a splitter and a dedicated optical fiber to form an optical link utilized for continuous calculation of the differential distance.
It would be therefore advantageous to provide a solution for enabling zero optical distance connectivity between such a dedicated ONU and an OLT. It would be further advantageous to eliminate any optical connectivity between the dedicated ONU and the OLT.
Certain embodiments disclosed herein include an optical line terminal (OLT) includes an optical line terminal (OTL) operable in a passive optical network (PON) including a plurality of optical network units (ONUs). The OLT comprises an electrical module for generating continuous downstream signal and processing received upstream burst signals according to a communication protocol of the PON; an optical module for transmitting continuous optical signals over a first wavelength and receiving burst optical signals over a second wavelength, wherein the optical module further includes an optical network unit (ONU) traffic processing module being electrically coupled to the optical module and the electrical module, wherein the ONU traffic processing module is configured to emulate one of the ONUs of the PON; and an interface for interfacing between the electrical module and the optical module.
Certain embodiments disclosed herein also include an optical line terminal (OLT) includes an optical module apparatus in an optical line terminal (OLT) operable in a passive optical network (PON) including a plurality of optical network units (ONUs). The optical module apparatus comprises: an optical sub assembly module that comprises a first photodiode operable at a first wavelength for transmitting continuous optical signals over a first wavelength and a second photodiode operable at a second wavelength for receiving burst optical signals over a second wavelength, wherein the optical module further includes an optical network unit (ONU); and an optical network unit (ONU) traffic processing module being configured to emulate one of the ONUs of the PON.
The subject matter that is regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
It is important to note that the embodiments disclosed are only examples of the many advantageous uses of the innovative teachings herein. In general, statements made in the specification of the present disclosure do not necessarily limit any of the various claimed inventions. Moreover, some statements may apply to some inventive features but not to others. In general, unless otherwise indicated, singular elements may be in plural and vice versa with no loss of generality. In the drawings, like numerals refer to like parts through several views.
The interface 330 provides connectivity for transmitted (TX) signals, received (RX) signals, a TX-Enabled signal for enabling transmission to the ONUs, a RX-reset signal for resetting a reception of a current burst signal, and control (I2C) signals. As noted above, the interface 330 provides a standard connectivity compatible with different types SFP or other standard transceivers operable in an OLT.
The electrical module 310 processes the received upstream signals and generates downstream signals. The electrical module 310 typically includes a network processor and PON MAC adapter designed to process and handle upstream and downstream signals according to a respective PON standard. In an embodiment, the electrical module 310 handles PON upstream and downstream traffic compliant with at least any of the EPON, 10G-EPON, GPON, and XG-PON. In a downstream direction, a continuous signal is sent, for example, in a form of GEM frames in a GPON or XGEM frames in XG-PON, to all ONUs connected to the PON. Each ONU filters its respective data according to pre-assigned labels (e.g., GEM port-IDs in a GPON). The electrical module 310 allocates for each ONU a time slot in which the ONU can send data to the OLT. The reception of data, in the upstream direction, is of burst signals sent from the ONUs.
The optical module 320 receives upstream optical burst signals sent from ONUs and transmits a downstream continuous optical signal to ONUs. The reception and transmission of these downstream/upstream signals is over two different wave lengths. For example, in a GPON, in the downstream direction, the optical module 220 generates an optical signal of a 15XY wavelength and in the upstream direction receives optical signals of a 13XY wavelength.
The optical module 320 includes a laser driver diode 321 and a limiter amplifier (Amp) driver 322 respectively coupled to a transmit laser diode and a receive photodiode. The functionality of the laser driver 321 and amplifier 322 are described above. The controller 323 communicates with the electrical module 310 through the I2C interface and performs tasks related to calibration and monitoring of the transceiver.
According to an embodiment, the transmit and receive optical elements coupled to the laser driver diode 321 and limiter amplifier 322 are part of an optical sub-assembly (OSA) module 324. In one embodiment, the OSA module 324 is a triplexer.
According to this embodiment, the OSA module 324 includes, in addition to a pair of transmit/receive photodiodes, a transmit photodiode, hereinafter the “ONU-TX-photodiode” (not shown) utilized for transmitting burst optical signals at a wavelength utilized by the ONUs in the PON downstream. As a non-limiting example, in an GPON implementation of the OLT 300, the TOSA module 324 includes a transmit photodiode transmitting signals at a wavelength of 15XY, a receive photodiode for receiving option signals at a wavelength of 13XY, and the ONU-TX-photodiode for transmitting signals at a wavelength of 13XY. The ONU-TX-photodiode is driven by a burst laser driver 323. The burst laser driver 323 produces two current signals: bias and modulation. The bias current determines the optical power of ‘0’ level and the modulation current determines the optical power of ‘1’ level of a burst signal generated the ONU traffic processing module 340.
According to another embodiment, the OSA module 324 is quad-plexer that includes four optical elements, two laser diodes and two photodiodes. A first pair of transmit/receive optical element that operate at a wavelength of the OLT (an example provided above) and a second pair of transmit/receive optical element is utilized to transmit/receive signals by the ONU traffic processing module 340. The wavelengths of the second pair of transmit/receive photodiodes may be as defined for ONUs in the PON or a dedicated wavelength not defined by the respective PON communication standard. A pair transmit/receive optical element includes a laser diode and a photodiode.
According to various embodiments disclosed herein, integrated in the optical module 320 of the OLT 300 is the ONU traffic processing module 340, coupled to a signal splitter 335 for receiving signals to be transmitted to the PON. The ONU traffic processing module 340 is further connected to an output of the limiter amplifier 322 to provide duplicated samples of the received burst signals to the module 340. In an embodiment, the module 340 may be also connected to a signal switching unit 327 to transmit burst signals directly to the OLT electric module 310 and through the PON. The selection if the RX data for the electric module 310 is from the PON or the module 340 is based on a burst-enabled signal asserted by the ONU traffic processing module 340.
The ONU traffic processing module 340 is configured as any other ONU in the PON. That is, the ONU traffic processing module 340 is assigned with a unique ONU-ID to which the downstream traffic can be directed. Furthermore, the OLT's 300, by means of the electric module 310, can allocate a time slot to the ONU traffic processing module 340 for transmission of upstream data.
The ONU traffic processing module 340 is electrically connected to the OLT 300. Thus, data transmitted by the OLT 300 is not received at the module 340 through the optical fiber of the PON, but rather through the signal splitter 325. Thus, the optical distance between the ONU traffic processing module 340 and the OLT 300 is effectively zero, as such a distance is determined by the electrical path between the modules 310 and 340.
The ONU traffic processing module 340 includes a packet processor and a PON MAC adapter (both are not shown). The packet processor typically performs PON processing tasks, such as filtering, forwarding-and-learning, flow classification, packets classification, queuing and shaping of packets, reassembling of packets, and so on.
As the module 340 is not connected to a subscriber device, the packet processor processes only a downstream flow, i.e., data sent from an OLT. In an embodiment, the data processor of the module 340 is configured to generate a set of predefined data patterns that can be sent to the PON through the TOSA module 324, and eventually may be received by the OLT 300. Such generated and transmitted data patterns are utilized for various maintenance and service availability applications, including, but not limited to, PON protection, detection of optical failures, RTT measurements, and so on. In other embodiments, the module 340 can be configured to respond with data packet to a communication from the OLT.
The PON MAC adapter included in the ONU traffic processing module 340 processes downstream traffic flows in accordance with the type of PON network. In an embodiment, the PON MAC adapter of the module 340 processes GPON or XG-PON traffic. In this configuration, the PON MAC adapter supports a plurality of traffic containers (T-CONTs). A T-CONT is a virtual upstream channel to which bandwidth is granted by the OLT's electrical module 310. A single T-CONT can be allocated for an ONU, a class of service (CoS), or a logical ONU. The PON MAC adapter maintains T-CONT queues as the number of T-CONTs and cyclically requests for packets in order to fill a specific T-CONT queue.
The ONU traffic processing module 340 included in the optical module 320 serves as a dedicated ONU. However, in contrast to conventional solutions, the optical ONU traffic processing module 340 is electrically connected to the OLT 300 and not through an optical fiber. Thus, there is no need to use optical flitters and establish dedicated optical links, thus the modified OLT 300, simplifies the topology of the PON when such a dedicated ONU is required. The modified OLT 300 further simplifies the processing of various maintenance and service availability applications that can be performed using the dedicated ONU, i.e., ONU traffic processing module 340.
The ONU traffic processing module 340 can be implemented as an integrated circuit (IC), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) integrated in the optical module 320. In an exemplary embodiment, the ONU traffic processing module 340 can be realized as the enhanced PON processor described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,643,753 or as the PON processor with a programmable data path described in a co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/821,931, both are assigned in common to the same assignee as the present application, and are hereby incorporated for all that they contain. According to an exemplary embodiment, the microprocessor and/or the network processor can be adapted to perform the maintenance and service availability applications when a dedicated ONU is utilized.
It should be noted that the integration of the ONU traffic processing module 340 in the OLT optical module 320 provides a standardized fast communication channel to the optical module 320, without changing the standard interface 330. This communication channel is realized by sending downstream data to the module 340 and receiving responses generated by the module 340 through the PON or through the signal switching unit 327. The communication channel complies with the PON communication standard. As mentioned above, on this communication channel, signals utilized in the processes related to testing the performance of the PON and the OLT, detection of optical failure, RTT measurements, and the like can be transported. Again, all such processes and their signals are transmitted by using the standard communication protocol of the PON.
As one example, described herein with reference to
Using conventional solution, the RTT is measured through a ranging process initiated by the OLT. The ranging process is a time-consuming tasks that results with a long service interruption time, as the PON remains idle for the duration that the ranging process takes place.
According to this embodiment, the RTT can be accurately measured in the OLT 300 by means of the ONU traffic processing module 340. With this aim, the OLT electrical module 310 allocates a time slot for transmission data by the ONU traffic processing module 340, which transmits an upstream signal through the TOSA module 324 to the fiber 410. The upstream signal is looped back at the end of the fiber 410 to the OLT 300 and received by the receive photodiode in the TOSA module 324. The received upstream signal at the output of the limiter amplifier 322 is also input to the ONU traffic processing module 340. Then, the RTT is measured as half of the time elapsed from when the upstream signal sent by the ONU traffic processing module 340 until received at the module 340. It should be noted that the RTT is exactly half the time it takes for an upstream signal to travel from and back to the OLT 300, as the optical distance between the OLT optical module 320 and the ONU traffic processing module 340 is zero.
The various embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented as hardware, firmware, software, or any combination thereof. Moreover, the software is preferably implemented as an application program tangibly embodied on a program storage unit or computer readable medium. The application program may be uploaded to, and executed by, a machine comprising any suitable architecture. Preferably, the machine is implemented on a computer platform having hardware such as one or more central processing units (“CPUs”), a memory, and input/output interfaces. The computer platform may also include an operating system and microinstruction code. The various processes and functions described herein may be either part of the microinstruction code or part of the application program, or any combination thereof, which may be executed by a CPU, whether or not such computer or processor is explicitly shown. In addition, various other peripheral units may be connected to the computer platform such as an additional data storage unit and a printing unit.
All examples and conditional language recited herein are intended for pedagogical purposes to aid the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and the concepts contributed by the inventor to furthering the art, and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited examples and conditions. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments of the invention, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass both structural and functional equivalents thereof. Additionally, it is intended that such equivalents include both currently known equivalents as well as equivalents developed in the future, i.e., any elements developed that perform the same function, regardless of structure.
