Patent Grant
7936495
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an optical modulation device.
2. Background Art
A conventional optical modulator for performing optical modulation on an electrical signal is known as disclosed in JP-A-11-183858. The optical modulator disclosed in JP-A-11-183858 is a traveling wave optical modulator (also called an LN modulator). The optical modulator disclosed in JP-A-11-183858 has an optical waveguide, a signal electrode and a transmitting circuit. The signal electrode is provided near the optical waveguide. The transmitting circuit transmits an electrical signal (specifically, a high frequency voltage) to the signal electrode. A termination resistor is provided on the output side of the signal electrode. In JP-A-11-183858, a characteristic impedance of the signal electrode is set to a value different from a resistance of the termination resistor. A reflected wave generated by the difference between the characteristic impedance and the resistance is used to prevent a reduction in a characteristic of the optical modulation in a high frequency band.
In recent years, an electroabsorption optical modulator (also called an EA modulator) has been developed and put into practical use. The electroabsorption optical modulator is different in operational principle from the traveling wave optical modulator disclosed in JP-A-11-183858. In the traveling wave optical modulator disclosed in JP-A-11-183858, a voltage is applied to the optical waveguide to change a refractive index of the optical waveguide. The electroabsorption optical modulator performs optical modulation by applying an electric field and thereby changing an absorption edge of a semiconductor.
The optical modulator receives an electrical signal with a group delay. In order to suppress an effect of a group delay generated when the optical modulator is driven, it is preferable to adjust a characteristic of a group delay corresponding to a signal frequency, i.e., a group delay characteristic, to a desired characteristic. However, a method for adjusting the group delay characteristic of the electroabsorption optical modulator has not been developed.
The present invention has been made to solve the above problem. It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an electroabsorption optical modulation device capable of adjusting a group delay characteristic.
According to one aspect of the present invention, an optical modulation device includes an electroabsorption optical modulator, a first signal line, a second signal line, and a resistor. The electroabsorption optical modulator has an electrode and performs optical modulation based on an electrical signal applied to the electrode. The first signal line is connected with the electrode and receives an electrical signal from an external to supply the electrical signal to the electrode. The second signal line is connected with the electrode. The resistor is connected in series with a part of the second signal line and has impedance different from impedance of the second signal line, the part of the second signal line being different from a part of the second signal line that is connected with the electrode.
Other and further objects, features and advantages of the invention will appear more fully from the following description.
Reference numeral 2 denotes a wire connected between an electrode of the semiconductor optical modulator 1 and an input side line 20. Reference numeral 3 denotes a wire connected between the electrode of the semiconductor optical modulator 1 and an output side line 4. Reference numeral 4 denotes the output side line. Reference numeral 5 denotes a resistor connected in series with the output side line 4. Impedance of the output side line 4 and impedance of the resistor 5 are different from each other. In other words, impedance of a connection of the output side line 4 with the resistor 5 mismatches impedance of a connection of the resistor 5 with the output side line 4.
An operation of the optical modulation device according to the first embodiment is described below with reference to
Y0=sin(ωt) (1)
Y1=ρ sin(ωt−φ) (2)
The reflectivity ρ shown in the expression (2) can be represented by the following expression (3), where Z1 is the impedance of the output side line 4, and R is a resistance of the resistor 5.
ρ=−(Z1−R)/(Z1+R) (3)
The symbol φ shown in the expression (2) can be represented by the following expression (4), where L is the length of the output side line 4, f is a frequency, and c′ is the speed of a signal in a transmission line (signal line).
φ=L×(f/c′)×2π (4)
A wave Y2 obtained by combining the traveling wave Y0 and the reflected wave Y1 is represented by the following expression (5).
Y2=Y0+Y1=sin(ωt)+ρ sin(ωt−φ)=A×sin(ωt+θ) (5)
The symbol A and a phase θ shown in the expression (5) are represented by the following expressions (6) and (7).
A=[{1+ρ cos(φ)}2+{ρ sin(φ)}2]1/2 (6)
tan θ=−{ρ sin(φ)}/{1+μ cos(φ)} (7)
A group delay characteristic can be represented by differentiating a phase with respect to a frequency. When the group delay characteristic is represented by Gd, the following expression (8) is obtained.
Gd=dθ/df=tan−1{ρ sin(φ)}/{1+ρ cos(φ)} (8)
As understood from the expression (8), the group delay characteristic is a function of the reflectivity ρ in the present embodiment. In addition, as understood from the expression (4), the group delay characteristic is a function of the length (in other words, a distance between the semiconductor optical modulator 1 and the resistor 5) of the output side line 4 in the present embodiment. That is, a desired group delay characteristic can be obtained by setting the reflectivity ρ and the length L of the output side line 4 to appropriate values.
When the impedance of the output side line is 40Ω, the group delay characteristic in a frequency range from direct current (DC) to 10 GHz has a negative inclination. When the impedance of the output side line is 60Ω, the group delay characteristic in the frequency range from DC to 10 GHz has a positive inclination. According to the first embodiment, the group delay characteristic can be adjusted to a desired characteristic by changing the reflectivity and the length of the output side line 4.
In the second embodiment of the present invention, an absolute value of the reflectivity ρ in the semiconductor optical modulation device according to the first embodiment is set to a value equal to or more than 0.05. Since other configurations of the semiconductor optical modulation device according to the second embodiment are the same as those of the semiconductor optical modulation device according to the first embodiment, drawings and description thereof are not provided. Specifically, according to the expression (3), the resistance of the resistor 5 and the impedance of the output side line 4 need to be selected to ensure that the reflectivity ρ is equal to or more than 5%. When the absolute value of the reflectivity ρ is equal to or more than 0.05 (5%), the group delay can be sufficiently changed. It is therefore easy to obtain a desired group delay characteristic.
In the third embodiment of the present invention, an electrical length (effective electrical length) of the output side line for the semiconductor optical modulation device according to the first embodiment is set to a value equal to or less than a quarter of a wavelength corresponding to an operational frequency (bit rate frequency) of the semiconductor optical modulation device. Since other configurations of an optical modulation device according to the third embodiment are the same as those of the optical modulation device according to the first embodiment, drawings and description thereof are not provided.
In the third embodiment, the effective electrical length of the output side line is set to a value equal to or less than the quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the operational frequency. This setting makes it possible to obtain an effect of the compensation and adjust the group delay characteristic to a desired characteristic.
(a) The output side line 4 is provided on a substrate 30, and the resistor 5 is provided on a substrate 32 that is different from the substrate 30.
(b) A wire 6 is provided between the output side line 4 and the resistor 5.
(c) A capacitive element 7 is provided. The capacitive element 7 is a capacitance component of an electrode pad provided between the output side line 4 and the resistor 5.
When the resistor 5 and the output side line 4 are provided on the respective substrates different from each other (specifically, when the output side line 4 is provided on the substrate 30 and the resistor 5 is provided on the substrate 32), it is necessary that the resistor 5 and the output side line 4 be connected with each other by means of a wire. Since the wire functions as inductance, the wire causes the reflectivity to be changed. In the fourth embodiment, the capacitive element 7 (capacitance component) is added to the output side line 4 to suppress a change in the reflectivity. This makes it possible to obtain an effect of the combination of the reflected wave and the traveling wave in a similar way to the first embodiment.
An optical modulation device according to the fifth embodiment has the same configuration as that of the optical modulation device shown in
R=(L/C)0.5 (9)
In the fifth embodiment, the wire 6 and the capacitive element 7 are selected to meet the relationship of the expression (9). When the relationship between the inductance L and the capacity C is established by the expression of R=(L/C)0.5, synthetic impedance is equal to the resistance R. Therefore, when the resistance of the resistor 5 is specified in the same way as the first embodiment, the same effect as the first embodiment can be obtained in the fifth embodiment.
The optical modulation device according to each of the embodiments of the present invention can enjoy benefits of a reduction in the amount of use of energy and benefits of an improvement of productivity due to the fact that the group delay characteristic can be adjusted to a desired characteristic. The optical modulation device according to the present embodiment contributes to a reduction in an environmental load.
The features and advantages of the present invention may be summarized as follows:
According to one aspect of the present invention, the group delay characteristic can be adjusted to a desired characteristic. Specifically, reflectivity in the second signal line varies based on impedance of the resistive element. The optical modulator is operated by means of a wave obtained by combining a wave reflected from the resistive element to the second signal line and a wave traveling from the first signal line. Under the operational condition, the group delay characteristic is a function of the reflectivity. The optical modulation device having a desired group delay characteristic can be realized by setting the impedance of the resistive element to a value different from impedance of the second signal line.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
The entire disclosure of a Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-319843, filed on Dec. 16, 2008 including specification, claims, drawings and summary, on which the Convention priority of the present application is based, are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008-319843 | Dec 2008 | JP | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6057954 | Parayanthal et al. | May 2000 | A |
| 7414767 | Bae et al. | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 1-192188 | Aug 1989 | JP |
| 11-183858 | Jul 1999 | JP |
| 2002-350792 | Dec 2002 | JP |
| 2004-39854 | Feb 2004 | JP |
| 2005-62855 | Mar 2005 | JP |
| WO2005091056 | Sep 2005 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20100149616 A1 | Jun 2010 | US |
