Patent Application
20140257139
The present invention broadly relates to an optical sensing device.
The human body has many regions in which pressures or forces cause matter to move. For example, the human heart pumps blood through the body. Muscles around the alimentary canal apply a pressure to the canal, which moves food from the mouth into the stomach. Additionally, there are localised regions that exhibit increased muscular tension in their resting state. These regions are commonly referred to as sphincters.
Monitoring pressures motion and muscular tension in the human body can provide important information about the function of the human body and can be used to detect disorders and diseases or can be used to control a recovery from a disease.
Optical devices for monitoring such parameters within a body lumen are now being developed. The optical devices may comprise an optical fibre Bragg grating, which has an optical response that depends on a strain of the Bragg grating. The strain of the Bragg grating may be applied by a “squeezing” force in the vicinity of the Bragg grating and the resultant increase in strain shifts a wavelength of an optical response to a different wavelengths range.
However, important information characterising a radial distribution of tensions, effected by muscles, or other properties cannot be provided with known optical devices and there is a need for technological improvement.
The present invention provides in a first aspect an optical sensing device:
The optical light guide portions may be optical fibre portions and at least some optical fibre portions may be portions of the same optical fibre. Alternatively, each optical light guide portion may be a portion of a respective optical fibre.
The optical device may have any number of sensing regions at any number of radial orientations that is greater than 1, such as greater than 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, or greater than 10.
In one example the optical sensing device is arranged for sensing the property within a body lumen and may be used to analyse an anorectal function or a function of the oesorhagus. For example, the optical sensing device may be arranged to sense muscular contraction within the body lumen, such asymmetric muscular contraction localised to a sphincter region. As two or more sensing regions have differing radial positions, it is typically possible to sense the property in a multi-directional manner, which has significant practical advantages.
In one embodiment the property is a pressure or a force. Alternatively, the property may be any other property of interest, such as a temperature. Further, at least one sensing region may be arranged to sense a first property, such as a pressure, and at least one other sensing region may be arranged to sensing a second property, such as a local temperature.
The optical sensing device typically is arranged such that a force or pressure applied in a direction transversal to at least one optical light guide portion at a respective sensing region is detectable by the optical sensing device.
The support may comprise at least one groove that may be substantially helical and may be arranged to guide at least one optical light guide portion around a portion of the support. The support may be arranged such that at least two optical light guide portions are substantially parallel to each other.
The optical light guide portions may also comprise substantially straight portions that are distributed around a portion of the support. The substantially straight portions may be substantially parallel to each other. Further, the support may also comprise at least one groove that is substantially straight and arranged to guide at least one optical light guide portion along a portion of the support.
In one embodiment some or all of the sensing regions comprise a Bragg grating. At least one of the sensing regions may not comprise a Bragg grating and may be arranged for sensing a property using other means, such as by coherent backscatter techniques or optical frequency domain reflectometry.
Further, at least some sensing regions with Bragg gratings may be arranged to sense a first property, such as a force or pressure, and at of the sensing regions with Bragg gratings may be arranged to sense a second property, such as a local temperature, such that an influence of a change in temperature on the sensing of the first property can be determined.
Each Bragg grating typically is arranged to give a different optical response such that light reflected from each Bragg grating is wavelength division multiplexed. Consequently, it is possible to associate a particular detected pressure change with a respective position. The optical sensing device may be arranged such that the optical response from each Bragg grating can be detected by detecting light that is reflected back from the Bragg gratings. Alternatively, the optical sensing device may be arranged such that the optical responses from the Bragg gratings can be detected by detecting light that is transmitted through the Bragg gratings.
In a variation of this embodiment at least some of the Bragg gratings are substantially identical and give the same response if the strain conditions are the same. Using time or frequency domain reflectometry techniques, the position of a particular Bragg grating may be estimated from a time at which an optical response is received or from an associated beat frequency component.
The optical sensing device typically is arranged for sensing the property in a manner such that the radial and longitudinal position, relative to the axis of the optical sensing device and at which the property is sensed, can be determined.
In one specific embodiment the optical sensing device is arranged for sensing local pressures or forces at sensing regions equipped with Bragg gratings. In this case the optical sensing device is arranged such that the radial and longitudinal positions at which the pressures or forces are sensed can be determined.
The optical sensing device may be arranged such that an applied sideways force results in a local distortion of
The Bragg grating, typically in a direction towards the support, which in turn effects a change in strain of the Bragg grating. The change in strain causes a change in an optical response of the Bragg grating and consequently the external force or pressure can be sensed at each location of the Bragg gratings.
The support may comprise a tubular member. The recesses of the support may be provided in the form of through holes.
The optical sensing device may comprise a plurality of optical fibres, such as 2-10, typically 2, 4 or 6 optical fibres and each optical fibre may comprise a series of optical fibre portions with of Bragg gratings at sensing regions, such as 10-30 Bragg gratings or any other suitable number of Bragg gratings.
In one example optical fibres are positioned around the support. The optical fibres typically are spaced apart from each other and positioned in a helical manner around the support such that sensing regions having immediately adjacent radial positions are sensing regions of adjacent optical fibres and not sensing regions of the same optical fibre. The optical fibres may be spaced apart from each other and positioned in a helical manner around the support such that at least some sensing regions have overlapping or substantially identical radial positions.
In an alternative example the optical fibres are positioned along the support structure. The optical fibres typically are spaced apart from each other and are distributed around and directed along the support such that sensing regions having immediately adjacent radial positions are sensing regions of the same optical fibre.
In one specific embodiment the optical sensing device is arranged for sensing, in a radially resolved manner, external forces or pressures from more than 2, 3, 4, 5 or more radial directions. The optical sensing device typically is arranged to sense a distribution or change in the distribution of external forces or pressures in radial and longitudinal direction such that a 3-dimensional map of the pressure or force distribution around the optical sensing device can be generated.
The optical sensing device may also comprise an outer sleeve, such as an elastic sleeve that may be removable and may have a closed distal end. For example, the optical sensing device may be arranged for insertion into a body lumen and the outer sleeve, typically formed from a biocompatible material, may be replaced after use of the optical sensing device such that the optical sensing device is then suitable for insertion into a body lumen of another patient. The elastic sleeve typically is arranged to cover areas of the sensing device that would otherwise be in contact with the body lumen.
The optical sensing device may comprise an inner tube that typically is positioned within the support and an inflatable balloon which may form a portion of the elastic sleeve. The optical sensing device may be arranged for inflation of the balloon with the body lumen. For example, the optical sensing device may be arranged such that inflation of the balloon stimulates or relaxes muscles at the body lumen. In one specific example the optical sensing device is arranged such that the inflation of the balloon triggers an anorectic function of the human body.
The optical sensing device may comprise a plurality of sensing regions that are each arranged for sensing pressure or force and may comprise moveable wall portions at each sensing region for sensing the pressure or force, the movable wall portions having opposite first and second sides, each moveable wall portion being positioned such that a change in pressure at one of the sides relative to a pressure at the other side will move the moveable wall portion, the moveable wall portions being coupled to respective Bragg gratings such that the movement of one of the moveable wall portion causes a force on the respective Bragg grating resulting in a change in strain of the respective Bragg grating. The moveable wall portions may be wall portions of a tube which may be a tubular diaphragm in which the support and at least a portion of the at least one optical fibre are positioned.
The present invention provides in a second aspect a method of sensing a force or pressure in a body lumen, the method comprising the steps of:
The optical sensing device typically is the optical sensing device in accordance with the first aspect of the present invention and typically is arranged such that a position at which the force or pressure is applied along a support structure of the device can be determined.
The present invention provides in a third aspect a kit for sensing a property in a body lumen, the kit comprising:
The sensing device typically is an optical sensing device such as the optical sensing device in accordance with the first aspect of the present invention.
The outer sleeve typically has a closed distal end and may be disposable.
The kit may also comprise an applicator for applying the elastic sleeve to the sensing device.
In an alternative variation the device for removing the elastic sleeve is arranged to function as an applicator and is provided in the form of a device for removing and applying the elastic sleeve. The applicator or the device for removing and applying the elastic sleeve typically is arranged such that a suction force, such as a suction force generated by a vacuum, expands the elastic sleeve such that at least a portion of the sensing device can be inserted into the expanded elastic sleeve.
The applicator or the device for removing and applying the elastic sleeve may also be arranged such that an internal pressure, applied to an interior of the elastic sleeve, expands the elastic sleeve such that at least a portion of the sensing device can be inserted into the expanded elastic sleeve.
The device for removing the elastic sleeve may be is arranged to expand the elastic sleeve when the elastic sleeve is positioned over at least a portion of the sensing device. For example, the device for removing the elastic sleeve may be arranged to pressurise an interior of the elastic sleeve such that the elastic sleeve is detached from the sensing device and afterwards the sensing device and the elastic sleeve can be moved away from each other. The device for removing the elastic sleeve may be arranged such that removal of the elastic sleeve is possible without personnel directly touching the sleeve, which simplifies preparation of the sensing device for reuse.
In one embodiment the sensing device is an optical sensing device and the kit is arranged such that a pressure can be applied to an exterior of the optical sensing device and the elastic sleeve to calibrate a pressure response of the optical sensing device.
The invention will be more fully understood from the following description of specific embodiments of the invention. The description is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to
The light is directed via optical circulator 104 to an optical sensing device 106. In a variation of this embodiment the circulator 104 may be replaced by an optical coupler, an optical splitter or an optical beam splitter. Optical responses from the optical sensing device are directed to an optical analyser 115.
The optical sensing device 106 comprises Bragg gratings 108 incorporated into optical fibres 110. For illustrative purposes the optical sensing device 106 is shown with only one optical fibre 110. Further, the apparatus 106 comprises a support 112 that is provided in the form of a tube. The optical fibres 110 are positioned around the support 112 in a helical manner and located in helical groves 116 of the support 112.
The optical sensing device comprises typically 2, 4, 6, 8, or more optical fibres which are all positioned in helical groves of the support 112 and connected to respective circulators 104. When multiple optical fibres are used, an optical switch may be positioned between the device and the circulator to provide rapid switching between the fibres in order to achieve near real-time interrogation of the sensing regions contained in all of the optical fibres. Alternatively, the plurality of optical fibres may be arranged such that each and every sensing region exhibits a different spectral component such that they may be detected using wavelengths division multiplexing (wdm) techniques, or may have substantially the same spectral components but be arranged such that the distance between each optical fibre and the detector provides a unique distance to each and every sensing region. This allows for unique interrogation of each and every sensing region using time of flight or frequency domain techniques
In this embodiment the support 112 comprises recesses 118. The recesses 118 are provided in the form of holes through walls of the support 112. Portions of the optical fibre 110 cross the recesses 118 and the optical fibres 110 are arranged such that the Bragg gratings 108 are positioned over respective recesses 118. The optical fibres 110 are rigidly attached at attachment regions to the support 112. The attachment regions are located adjacent (over) the recesses 118 such that sensing regions are defined between the attachment regions and at the Bragg gratings 108 positioned over the recesses 118. It is consequently possible to measure the pressures or forces at the sensing regions largely independent from each other and thereby measure a pressure or force distribution.
The function of each sensing region is similar to that disclosed in PCT international application PCT/AU2007/001018, which hereby is inserted by cross reference. If a force or pressure is applied to the Bragg gratings in a transversal direction of the optical sensing device 106, the optical fibre 110 will be bent, which will effect a change in strain of the Bragg grating 108. For example, if the force or pressure is directed towards the axis of the optical sensing device 106, the optical fibre will be bent inwardly. The change in strain effects a change in an optical property of the Bragg grating and consequently the external force is detectable by detecting the change of the optical property of the Bragg grating.
The optical fibres 110 are positioned around the support 112 in respective helical groves 116. Each optical fibre 110 may comprise a series of Bragg gratings 108, for example series of 10 or 20 or any other suitable number of Bragg gratings. The support 112 and the optical fibres 110 typically are arranged such that sensing regions of adjacent optical fibres are aligned at the same radial orientation relative to the axis of the optical sensing device 106. For example, the optical sensing device 106 may comprise 4 groups of sensing regions, each comprising 10 or 20 sensing regions that are oriented along the axis of the optical sensing device 106. Each group of sensing regions may have a radial orientation that differs by 90 degrees from a radial orientation of an adjacent group sensing regions. Consequently, the optical sensing device 106 is in this example arranged to detect a radial distribution of external forces from 4 orthogonal directions relative to the axis of the optical sensing device 106.
It is to be appreciated that various variations of the device 106 are possible. For example, the support 112 may not necessarily have helical grooves, but may have a plurality of straight grooves that are distributed around the support 112. The straight grooves are in this case oriented along the support 112 and optical fibres are positioned in respective grooves. In this example sensing regions are positioned at recesses that are distributed along each groove.
The Bragg grating of at least one of the sensing regions may not be arranged for exposure to the force or pressure, but may be arranged for sensing an influence of a change in local temperature on an optical property of the Bragg grating. Consequently, an influence of a change in local temperature may be determined and forces or pressures sensed at other sensing regions can be corrected accordingly. The optical sensing device 106 typically comprises a plurality of such temperature sensing regions distributed along the optical sensing device 106 (not shown). The structure may have no recesses at the temperature sensing regions such that the optical fibre with Bragg grating cannot move in response to an external force or pressure. Alternatively, the structure may have recesses at the pressure sensing regions, but the optical fibre and an outer sleeve may be spaced apart from each other such that the external force moves the outed sleeve, but not the optical fibre at the temperature sensing region.
In a variation of the described embodiments the optical sensing device 106 may also comprise one or more optical fibres that do not have Bragg gratings and/or may be arranged for sensing properties other than pressures or forces. For example, such optical fibres may be arranged to measure a change in temperature, pH, or the presence of luminal or rectal content.
When the optical sensing device is inserted into the body lumen, the balloon 128 may be inflated, via the inner tube 127, to trigger contraction or relaxing of muscles at the body lumen.
In the above-described embodiment each Bragg grating 108 of each optical fibre 110 has a slightly different refractive index variation such that each Bragg grating 108 has an optical response that has a slightly different spectral distribution. The light that is produced by light source 102 and that is directed to the Bragg gratings 108 therefore causes unique responses from the Bragg gratings 108 which are directed via the optical circulator 104 to optical analyser 115 for optical analysis. Such a procedure is commonly referred to as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The Bragg gratings 108 may also effect optical responses which overlap in wavelength cr frequency space as long as sufficient information is known about each Bragg grating 108 or its location with respect to the detector to allow the signals to be successfully deconvolved.
As in this embodiment each Bragg grating 108 causes a different response, it is possible to associate a particular response with a radial and longitudinal position relative to the optical sensing device 106 to perform distributed pressure measurements and detect relative pressure differences between the positions of the Bragg gratings 108 in the series. The combined response from the Bragg gratings 108 is wavelength division multiplexed and the optical analyser 114 uses known wavelength division de-multiplexing techniques to identify the responses from the respective grating positions. Suitable software routines are used to determine a pressure or pressure distribution from the optical responses received from the Bragg gratings 108. Pressure measurements typically include calibrating the optical sensing device 106.
In a variation of this embodiment at least some of the Bragg gratings 108 may be identical and consequently, if the strain conditions are the same, their optical response will also be the same. In this case a pulsed light source may be used to guide light to the Bragg gratings 108 and the positions of the Bragg gratings 108 may be estimated from a time at which the responses are received, by the optical analyser 115.
In one particular example the reflectivity of each Bragg grating 108 is chosen such that each response has, at the location of the optical analyser 115, approximately the same intensity.
It will be appreciated that in a further variation of this embodiment the apparatus may be arranged such that responses from respective Bragg gratings can be analysed by receiving light that is transmitted through the Bragg gratings 108. For example, in this case the optical sensing device 106 typically is arranged such that light is guided from the light source 102 through the Bragg gratings 108 and then directly to the optical analyser 115.
Although the invention has been described with reference to particular examples, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in many other forms.
Reference that is being made to PCT international application PCT/AU2007/001018 does not constitute an acknowledgement that PCT international application PCT/AU2007/001018 is part of the common general knowledge in Australia or any other country.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2011904787 | Nov 2011 | AU | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AU2012/001418 | 11/16/2012 | WO | 00 | 5/15/2014 |
