The present disclosure relates to the molding of articles of manufacture. More particularly, the disclosure relates to an improved optical tool assembly for injection molding mold sections or preforms having an improved right cylinder wall (RCW) which are used in the manufacture of ophthalmic lenses, including contact lenses and intraocular lenses, having an improved lens edge formation and will be described with particular reference thereto. It is to be appreciated, however, that the improved optical tool assembly and apparatus related thereto is adaptable for effective use in other environments and applications.
One method in practice for making ophthalmic lenses, including contact lenses and intraocular lenses, is cast molding. Cast molding of ophthalmic lenses involves depositing a curable mixture of polymerizable lens materials, such as monomers, in a mold cavity formed by two assembled mold sections, curing the mixture, disassembling the mold sections and removing the molded lens. Other post-molding processing steps, for example, hydration in the case of hydrogel lenses, may also be employed. Representative cast molding methods are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,271,875 (Appleton et al.); 4,197,266 (Clark et al.); 4,208,364 (Shepherd); 4,865,779 (Ihn et al.); 4,955,580 (Seden et al.); 5,466,147 (Appleton et al.); and 5,143,660 (Hamilton et al.).
When cast molding between a pair of mold sections, typically one mold section, referred to as the anterior mold section or preform, forms the anterior convex, optical surface of the ophthalmic lens and the other mold section, referred to as the posterior mold section or preform, forms the posterior concave, optical surface of the ophthalmic lens. The anterior and posterior mold sections are generally complimentary in configuration. They are joined together during the molding process to form a lens forming or molding cavity. Once the lens is formed, the mold sections or preforms are separated and the molded lens is removed. The anterior and posterior mold sections are usually used only once for casting a lens prior to being discarded due to the significant degradation of the optical surfaces of the mold sections that often occurs during a single casting operation.
Formation of the mold sections used in casting a lens occurs through a separate molding process prior to cast molding of the lens. In this regard, the mold sections are first formed by injection molding a resin in the cavity of an injection molding apparatus. More particularly, mounted in the injection molding apparatus are tools for forming the mold sections. Typically, the tools are fitted into mold plates in the injection molding machine and the mold sections are produced by injection molding a selected resin between opposed sets of injection molding tools. The tools are typically made from brass, stainless steel, nickel, or some combination thereof and, unlike the mold sections which are used only once, are used again and again to make large quantities of mold sections.
The injection molding tools are typically formed in accordance with the specification of the corresponding ophthalmic lens surfaces to be formed on or by the mold sections. That is, the ophthalmic lens being produced determines the specific design of the mold sections. The needed mold section parameters, in turn, determine the design of the corresponding injection molding tools. The injection molding tools are typically manufactured to extremely high specifications and/or tolerances so that no roughness or surface defects are transferred to the mold sections being made from the tools. Any such defects on the mold sections, particularly on an optical surface of a mold section, is likely to be transferred to, and appear on, the finished lens during the cast molding operation.
Each mold section, whether it be a posterior mold section or an anterior mold section, includes an optical surface (posterior optical surface on a posterior mold section and anterior optical surface on an anterior mold section) that forms a surface of the ophthalmic lens, as well as a non-optical surface. When injection molding the mold section, the injection molding apparatus typically includes an optical tool assembly having an optical molding surface for forming the optical surface of the mold section and a non-optical tool assembly for forming the non-optical surface of the mold section, which is opposite the optical surface. As is known to those skilled in the art, the optical molding surface can be changed for purposes of producing mold sections of different thicknesses, which are in turn used to produce ophthalmic lenses of varying powers.
Often, the anterior mold section includes a right cylinder wall (RCW) adjacent a periphery of its optical surface. The RCW of the anterior mold section is used to form the final edge of the ophthalmic lens produced by the mold section and is desirably controlled to tight tolerances. Heretofore, the RCW was formed by an optical tool insert being selectively positioned within a body. The optical tool insert included a primary molding surface for forming the optical surface of the mold section and a secondary, cylindrical mold surface for forming the RCW. Typically, shims were used to position the optical insert relative to the body until sufficient protrusion of the cylindrical molding surface was reached for forming the RCW.
The use of shims cause tool setup difficulties, including the need for numerous iterative attempts to achieve the desired protrusion of the optical tool relative to the body, which requires additional downtime of the injection molding machine in which the tool assembly is employed. Moreover, gaps often result between the tool insert and the body which manifests as plastic flash near the RCW when cast molding the lens. This ultimately leads to potentially fatal defects being contained within the ophthalmic lens. Any improvements to the optical tool assembly that would eliminate the need for shims and/or eliminate (or at least reduce) the occurrence of gaps which ultimately create flash are considered desirable, particularly those that reduce injection molding machine downtime.
According to one aspect, an optical tool assembly is provided for use in an injection molding apparatus opposite a non-optical tool assembly to form an ophthalmic mold section. More particularly, in accordance with this aspect, the optical tool assembly includes a cavity ring mounted to an associated mold plate and an optical insert removeably secured to the cavity ring. The optical insert has an optical molding surface thereon for forming an optical surface of the ophthalmic mold section. The optical molding surface has a right cylindrical wall (RCW) molding portion for forming a RCW of the ophthalmic mold section. The RCW molding portion is formed adjacent a peripheral edge of the optical insert.
According to another aspect, an apparatus for injection molding an ophthalmic lens mold is provided and has an optical surface and a non-optical surface opposite the optical surface. More particularly, in accordance with this aspect, the apparatus includes a non-optical tool assembly for forming a non-optical surface of the ophthalmic lens mold and an optical tool assembly in opposed relation to the non-optical tool assembly that together therewith forms a mold cavity for forming the ophthalmic lens mold. The optical tool assembly includes a cavity ring and an optical tool insert. The cavity ring is removably secured to a mold plate of an injection molding apparatus. The optical tool insert has an optical molding surface thereon for forming the optical surface of the ophthalmic lens mold. The optical tool insert is removably secured to the cavity ring. A right cylindrical wall (RCW) molding portion of the optical molding surface is formed adjacent a peripheral edge of the optical molding surface. The RCW molding portion forms a T-shape with a cavity ring molding surface.
In accordance with yet another aspect, an injection molding apparatus is provided for forming a mold section which is subsequently used for forming an ophthalmic lens. More particularly, in accordance with this aspect, the injection molding apparatus includes a mold member mounted to an associated first mold plate. An optical tool insert is removably mounted to the mold member. The optical tool insert has a molding surface with an optical quality finish that includes a right cylindrical wall (RCW) forming a peripheral edge of the optical tool insert. A core member is mounted to an associated second mold plate opposite the associated first mold plate. A non-optical tool insert is removably mounted to the core member. The non-optical insert has a non-optical molding surface for forming a surface of the mold section opposite the optical surface.
In accordance with still yet another aspect, a method for forming an ophthalmic lens is provided. More particularly, in accordance with this aspect, an apparatus is provided for injection molding an ophthalmic lens mold section having an optical surface and a non-optical surface opposite the optical surface. The apparatus has a non-optical tool assembly for forming the non-optical surface of the ophthalmic lens mold section and an optical tool assembly in opposed relation to the non-optical tool assembly that together therewith forms a mold cavity for forming the ophthalmic lens mold section. The optical tool assembly includes a cavity ring removably secured to a mold plate of an injection molding apparatus and an optical tool insert having an optical molding surface thereon for forming the optical surface of the ophthalmic lens mold section. The optical tool insert is removably secured to the cavity ring. A right cylindrical wall (RCW) molding portion of the optical molding surface is formed adjacent a peripheral edge of the optical molding surface. The RCW molding portion forms a T-shape with a cavity ring molding surface. The ophthalmic lens mold section is injection molded in the mold cavity. The ophthalmic lens mold section is removed from the cavity. The ophthalmic lens mold section is matched to a mating ophthalmic lens mold section. An ophthalmic lens is cast molded between the ophthalmic lens mold section.
a is an enlarged, partial, schematic cross-sectional view of the mold sections of
a is an enlarged partial elevational view of the optical tool insert of
Referring now to the drawings wherein the showings are for purposes of illustrating one or more embodiments and not for purposes of limiting the same, a representative mold assembly is shown in
As will be described in more detail below, each of the mold sections 12,14, also referred to herein as ophthalmic lens molds, can be injection molded from a plastic resin, such as polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polystyrene, for example, in a full injection molding apparatus. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the injection molded sections 12,14 can then be used together as shown in
As will be understood by those skilled in the art, tool assemblies are mounted in the injection molding apparatus for forming the mold sections 12,14 by injection molding. The tool assemblies are mounted to and/or fitted into mold plates of the injection molding apparatus and the mold sections 12,14 are formed by injection molding a selected resin in a cavity formed between opposed sets of tool assemblies. With additional reference to
In
With reference to
The optical tool assembly 42 includes a mold member, which in the illustrated embodiment is cavity ring 56, and an optical tool insert 58 mounted to the cavity ring. The optical tool insert 58 is removably secured to the cavity ring 56 by a suitable fastener, such as a threaded member or cap screw 60. With further reference to
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the insert 58 can be one of a set or series of inserts (not shown) and the removeability of the insert 58 enables it to be readily changed with another insert from the set of inserts. Each of the inserts in the set can have a different optical molding surface for purposes of ultimately molding lenses having differing optical powers. The cavity ring 56 is removeably secured to a mold plate 64 of the injection molding apparatus. Fasteners, such as threaded members or cap screws 66, are used to releaseably secure the cavity ring 56 to the mold plate 64 and to maintain the position of the cavity ring during injection molding of the mold section 12.
With continued reference to
A molding dowel 82 extends into the mold cavity 40 from dowel bore 84 defined in the cavity ring 56. The molding dowel 82 marks the mold section 12 with an indent (not shown) in the segment wall 32 to record the rotational orientation of the mold section 12 in the mold cavity 40. With additional reference to
With still additional reference to
Though the illustrated embodiment shows the optical insert 58 directly secured to the cavity ring 56, it is to be appreciated that other alternate arrangements are possible and are to be considered within the scope of the present invention. For example, the cavity ring can be formed of two parts: an outer cavity ring and an inner body member. In this arrangement, the insert 58 is secured by the fastener 60 to the body member and the body member is slidably received in a central opening of the cavity. Such an arrangement could enable faster insert changes. More details of such an arrangement are provided in commonly assigned, copending U.S. patent application entitled “Optical Tool Assembly,” filed concurrently herewith and expressly incorporated herein by reference.
As illustrated, with specific reference back to
In one embodiment the insert 58 and the cavity ring 56 of the optical tool assembly 42 are formed of brass, stainless steel, nickel, or some combination thereof. The molding surfaces 62,68, can be formed according to methods generally known to those skilled in the art, such as, for example, lathe cutting or electrodischarge machining. The optical molding surface 62 (including RCW and junction molding portions 90,94) can additionally be polished to achieve precision surface quality so that no, or only insignificant, surface imperfections are transferred to the mold section 12. On the non-optical tool assembly 44, the core member 102 can be formed of a highly thermal conductive material such as beryllium copper (BeCu), while the insert 104 can be formed of a material that is more desirable to machine from an environmental/biohazards standpoint, such as copper, nickel or tin alloys. The molding surfaces 108,110 can be formed according to generally known methods such as lathe cutting or electrodischarge machining. The non-optical insert molding surface 108, used to form the non-optical surface 46 opposite the optical surface 16, does not require an optical quality finish as it does not contact the polymerizable lens mixture in the lens casting process. Thus, the surface 108 does not require the same degree of polishing as the optical molding surface 62 which is used to form the optical surface 16. However, some polishing or grinding may still be required.
A runner or sprue 114 is disposed between the tooling assemblies 42,44 and fluidly connects to the cavity 40 for allowing molten resin to be injected into the cavity 40 when injection molding the mold section 12. In the illustrated embodiment, the runner 114 connects to the cavity 40 along a portion thereof that forms the cylindrical wall 28 and thereby does not interfere with the molding of the optical surface 16. The runner 114 is formed by a first channel 116 defined in the cavity ring 56 and a second channel 118 defined in a stripper member 106, which is aligned with the first channel 116.
A parting line interface 120 between the insert 58 and the cavity ring 56 (more particularly, between the molding surface 62 and the first surface 70) is oriented along a plane that is approximately normal or perpendicular relative to draw experienced in the molding process. In particular, the interface 120 is formed between head 58b of insert 58 and surface 70 of the cavity ring 56. The interface 120 is oriented approximately normal relative to mold cavity axis 122. In the illustrated mold cavity 40, the direction of the draw will be substantially parallel to mold cavity axis 122. As a result, the portion of the mold section 12 formed by the RCW molding surface 90 can be formed completely free, or with at least significantly less, flash. In the event that flash is formed between the insert head portion 58b and the cavity ring 56, when the tool assemblies 42,44 are separated, the flash should likewise become separated from the molded mold section 12.
Positioning the RCW molding surface 90 adjacent the peripheral edge 92 of the insert 58 has the additional advantage of improving the squareness (as opposed to the previously observed occasional rounding) molded on the mold section 12 adjacent the RCW 48. This has the effect of producing a more uniform and repeatable mold section 12, particularly the portion of which that is molded by the RCW surface 90 which translates directly into a lens edge 50 of improved quality. Thus, the insert 58 with the RCW surface 90 adjacent the periphery edge 92 has the effect of reducing the cost of manufacturing by reducing setup time, as well as improving the final part quality of the molded lens 20.
The exemplary embodiment has been described with reference to one or more embodiments. Obviously, modifications and alterations will occur to others upon reading and understanding the preceding detailed description. It is intended that the exemplary embodiment be construed as including all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
This application is related to U.S. patent applications entitled “NON-OPTICAL MULTI-PIECE CORE ASSEMBLY FOR RAPID TOOL CHANGE” (Attorney Docket No. P03454), “CORE LOCKING ASSEMBLY AND METHOD FOR ORIENTATION OF ASYMMETRICAL TOOLING” (Attorney Docket No. P03455) and “OPTICAL TOOL ASSEMBLY” (Attorney Docket No. P03456); all filed concurrently herewith, commonly assigned to Bausch & Lomb Incorporated and expressly incorporated herein by reference.