Patent Grant
9197347
This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority of the prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-205315, filed on Sep. 20, 2011, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The embodiments described herein are related to a noise suppression method in an optical transmission system.
A WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) transmission system is in practical use as one form of an optical transmission system. With WDM, a plurality of optical signals having different wavelengths are multiplexed and transmitted. As a method or a configuration for recovery from a transmission line failure in a WDM transmission system, an OUPSR (Optical Unidirectional Path Switched Ring) is known.
The following description assumes that data is transmitted from a client X to a client Y. In this case, the node equipment A guides an optical signal X1 to the node equipment B, and also guides an optical signal X2 to the node equipment I. Namely, the optical signal X1 is transmitted in the counterclockwise direction, whereas the optical signal X2 is transmitted in the clockwise direction. The optical signals X1 and X2 are substantially the same each other, and propagate data transmitted from the client X. Moreover, each of the optical signals X1 and X2 is multiplexed into a corresponding WDM optical signal and transmitted.
The node equipment F extracts the optical signal X1 from the WDM optical signal received via the node equipments B, C, D and E, and guides the extracted optical signal X1 to an OUPSR device. Moreover, the node equipment F extracts the optical signal X2 from the WDM optical signal received via the node equipments I, H and G, and guides the extracted optical signal X2 to the OUPSR device. Namely, the OUPSR device receives both of the optical signals X1 and X2. Then, the OUPSR device selects one of the optical signals X1 and X2, and guides the selected signal to the client Y. Here, assume that the OUPSR device selects the optical signal X1 and guides the selected signal to the client Y.
Assume that the optical signal X1 transmitted from the node equipment A in the counterclockwise direction does not reach the node equipment F due to a failure in the WDM transmission system with the above described configuration. Here, the OUPSR device continuously monitors reception levels of the optical signals X1 and X2. If the reception level of the optical signal X1 becomes lower than a specified threshold, the OUPSR device detects LOL (Loss of Light) of the optical signal X1. Then, the OUPSR device guides the optical signal X2 received via the node equipments I, H and G to the client Y. Namely, the OUPSR device switches an optical path for transmitting data from the client X to the client Y. In this way, the OUPSR device switches an optical path when a failure has occurred on a transmission line, whereby the data transmission is recovered.
Note that optical path switching performed due to a failure can be implemented with another method. For example, node equipment that has detected LOL of a certain wavelength channel may notify a failure signal to an OUPSR device that drops the wavelength channel. In this case, the OUPSR device switches an optical path of the wavelength channel according to the failure signal.
Related techniques are as follows. International Publication Pamphlet No. WO2009/022406 describes an optical receiver that can instantaneously detect optical signal LOL of an optical channel. International Publication Pamphlet No. WO2005/008924 describes a transmission route switching control method. Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2009-130505 describes a method of setting a threshold for detecting an optical input LOL. Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2008-252657 describes a method for identifying a failure in a connection between domains in an optical network.
As described above, optical path switching is implemented, for example, by monitoring an optical level of a received signal in an OUPSR device. However, for example, when a transmission line from a location where LOL of a certain wavelength channel has occurred to a node (namely, a drop node) that drops the wavelength channel from a WDM optical signal is long and many nodes are provided on the transmission line, the OUPSR device cannot suitably monitor a level of an optical signal in some cases.
Assume that a failure occurs in the optical signal X1 in the node equipment A in the example illustrated in
Incidentally, each of the node equipments includes an optical amplifier to amplify a WDM optical signal. The optical amplifier generates ASE (Amplified Spontaneous Emission) noise. Accordingly, ASE Noise is accumulated in the node equipments B, C, D and E arranged on a transmission line from the node equipment A to the node equipment F. Therefore, when the node equipment F drops the wavelength λx from the WDM optical signal and guides the signal to the OUPSR device in a case where the optical path of the optical signal X1 is disconnected, an optical level detected by the OUPSR device sometimes becomes higher than a threshold for detecting LOL. In this case, the OUPSR device cannot detect LOL of the optical signal X1. Therefore, the optical path is not switched. Namely, a data communication between the clients X and Y is not recovered.
In the meantime, to switch an optical path by using the above described failure signal, not only the node equipments but the OUPSR device needs to support recovery protocol using the failure signal. However, it is preferable that each of the node equipments can accommodate an arbitrary communication device in order to flexibly configure an optical transmission system. Accordingly, an OUPSR device that does not support the recovery protocol using the failure signal is sometimes connected to a node equipment. Since the OUPSR device cannot detect a failure in this case, an optical path is not switched.
The above described problem does not occur only in an optical transmission system employing an OUPSR. That is, the above described problem may occur in an optical transmission system where an optical path is switched due to a failure.
According to and aspect of the embodiments, a noise suppression method is used in an optical transmission system which includes a plurality of node equipments transmitting a WDM optical signal, and in which first node equipment drops a first optical signal from the WDM optical signal and guides the dropped first optical signal to a communication device, The noise suppression method includes: transmitting a failure signal that specifies the first optical signal from second node equipment to the first node equipment via a first route when the second node equipment arranged on the first route for transmitting the first optical signal to the first node equipment has detected a failure of the first optical signal; transmitting a shutoff signal that specifies the first optical signal from the first node equipment toward the second node equipment via the first route; and shutting off an optical output of a wavelength corresponding to the first optical signal in third node equipment that has relayed the failure signal and has received the shutoff signal.
The object and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the claims.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are not restrictive of the invention.
An optical transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of node equipments that transmit a WDM optical signal. The optical transmission system according to the embodiment has a function of suppressing noise of a wavelength channel in order to suitably monitor an optical level of the wavelength channel when a failure has occurred on the wavelength channel. Some embodiments are described below.
Each of the node equipments A to I can accommodate client equipment. The client equipment may accommodate a client (or a router and the like). In the example illustrated in
Assume that data is transmitted from a client X to a client Y in the WDM transmission system 1 having the above described configuration. The client X is accommodated by the node equipment A. In the meantime, the client Y is accommodated by the node equipment F via client equipment 30.
In this case, the data signal from the client X is split into first and second data signals by a splitter. The first and second data signals are substantially the same each other. The node equipment A generates an optical signal X1 transmitted in the counterclockwise direction, and an optical signal X2 transmitted in the clockwise direction. The optical signals X1 and X2 are generated from the first and second data signals, respectively. The node equipment A guides the optical signal X1 to the node B, and guides the optical signal X2 to the node I. Here, the optical signals X1 and X2 are mutually substantially the same, and propagate data transmitted from the client X. Moreover, the optical signals X1 and X2 are respectively multiplexed into a WDM optical signal.
The node equipment F extracts the optical signal X1 from the WDM optical signal received via the nodes B, C, D and E, and guides the extracted signal X1 to the client equipment 30. The node equipment F also extracts the optical signal X2 from the WDM optical signal received via the nodes I, H and G, and guides the extracted signal X2 to the client equipment 30. Namely, the client equipment 30 receives both of the optical signals X1 and X2. Then, the client equipment 30 selects one of the optical signals X1 and X2, and guides the selected signal to the client Y. Here, assume that the client equipment 30 selects the optical signal X1 and guides the selected signal to the client Y. A function of selecting either of the optical signals X1 and X2 is implemented by an OUPSR unit to be described later.
In the following description, node equipment that drops a certain optical signal (or a certain wavelength channel) from a WDM optical signal and guides the dropped signal to a client is sometimes referred to as “drop node equipment”. For example, drop node equipment of the optical signal X1 is the node equipment F in the example illustrated in
An optical amplifier 11W amplifies a WDM optical signal input from the WEST route. Here, the WDM optical signal input from a WDM network to the ROADM includes a main signal and an OSC signal. The main signal includes a plurality of optical signals having different wavelengths. Namely, the main signal is also a WDM optical signal. Each of the optical signals included in the main signal transmits data, for example, between clients. The OSC (Optical Supervisory Channel) signal transmits control information as will be described later. To the OSC signal, a wavelength different from the main signal is allocated. An OSC filter 17W extracts the OSC signal from the input WDM optical signal, and guides the extracted signal to an OSC controller 18W. The OSC filter 17W also guides, to an optical amplifier 11W, the WDM optical signal (namely, the main signal) from which the OSC signal has been extracted. Accordingly, the optical amplifier 11W amplifies the WDM optical signal (namely, the main signal) from which the OSC signal has been extracted.
An optical splitter (SPL) 12W guides the WDM optical signal amplified by the optical amplifier 11W to a wavelength selective switch (WSS) 13E and a demultiplexer (DMUX) 15W. The demultiplexer 15W demultiplexes the WDM optical signal guided from the optical splitter 12W into wavelengths. Optical signals obtained by the demultiplexer 15W are respectively guided to a corresponding optical fiber. However,
Operations of an OSC filter 17E, an optical amplifier 11E, an optical splitter 12E and a demultiplexer 15E are substantially the same as those of the OSC filter 17W, the optical amplifier 11W, the optical splitter 12W and the demultiplexer 15W, respectively. Accordingly, the optical signal output from the demultiplexer 15E is also guided to the OUPSR unit 31 of the client equipment 30.
As described above, the OUPSR unit 31 of the client equipment 30 receives an optical signal dropped from the WDM optical signal received from the WEST route, and an optical signal dropped from the WDM optical signal received from the EAST route. The OUPSR unit 31 selects either of the two optical signals, and guides the selected signal to a transponder (TRPN) 32. The transponder 32 guides the optical signal selected by the OUPSR unit 31 to the client. At this time, the transponder 32 may convert a signal format on a WDM network into that on a client line.
The optical switch 31a selects either of two input optical signals according to an instruction of the controller 31d. The optical signals X1 and X2 are respectively guided from the demultiplexers 15W and 15E. The photo detectors 31b and 31c respectively convert the optical signals X1 and X2 into electric signals. The controller 31d detects optical powers (optical levels) of the optical signals X1 and X2 by using the electric signals obtained by the photo detectors 31b and 31c. Then, the controller 31d controls the optical switch 31a based on the optical powers of the optical signals X1 and X2.
At an initial settings, the controller 31d compares optical powers of the optical signals X1 and X2. When the optical power of the optical signal X1 is higher, the controller 31d causes the optical switch 31a to select the optical signal X1. Alternatively, when the optical power of the optical signal X2 is higher, the controller 31d causes the optical switch 31a to select the optical signal X2.
After the initial settings, the controller 31d monitors the optical power of the optical signal selected by the optical switch 31a. When the optical power of the selected optical signal becomes lower than a specified threshold, the controller 31d causes the optical switch 31a to select the other optical signal. The threshold is used to decide whether or not an optical signal is in an LOL (Loss of Light) state. For example, when the optical power of the optical signal X1 becomes lower than the threshold while the optical signal X1 is being selected, the controller 31d causes the optical switch 31a to select the optical signal X2. As a result, path switching of the wavelength channel is implemented.
As described above, the OUPSR unit 31 monitors the optical power of an input optical signal, and performs path switching of a wavelength channel according to a monitor result. Accordingly, path switching is performed when a failure occurs on a wavelength channel, whereby a data transmission is recovered.
Referring back to
The multiplexer 16W multiplexes optical signals output from a plurality of client equipments. The optical signals multiplexed by the multiplexer 16W are guided to a wavelength selective switch 13W.
To the wavelength selective switch 13W, a WDM optical signal transmitted from the EAST route, and the optical signals multiplexed by the multiplexer 16W are input. The wavelength selective switch 13W selects a wavelength specified by a CPU 20. By so doing, an optical signal transmitted from the client is added to the WDM optical signal that is input from the EAST route and output to the WEST route. Note that the CPU 20 may control the wavelength selective switches 13W and 13E, for example, according to an instruction issued from a network management system not illustrated.
An optical amplifier 14W amplifies the WDM optical signal output from the wavelength selective switch 13W. Then, an OSC coupler 19W adds an OSC signal generated by the OSC controller 18W to the WDM optical signal amplified by the optical amplifier 14W.
Operations of the multiplexer 16E, the wavelength selective switch 13E, the optical amplifier 14E and the OSC coupler 19E are substantially the same as those of the multiplexer 16W, the wavelength selective switch 13W, the optical amplifier 14W and the OSC coupler 19W, respectively. Accordingly, an optical signal transmitted from the client is added to the WDM optical signal that is input from the WEST route and output to the EAST route. At this time, an OSC signal is also added to the WDM optical signal output to the EAST route.
Each of the wavelength selective switches 13W and 13E has an OCM (Optical Channel Monitor). The OCM monitors optical power of each wavelength. Accordingly, each of the wavelength selective switches 13W and 13E can detect a failure (such as LOL (Loss of Light)) of each wavelength channel by using the OCM. For example, when optical power of a certain wavelength channel becomes lower than a specified threshold, it is decided that a failure has been occurred on the wavelength channel (or in an optical signal of the wavelength channel).
The wavelength selective switches 13W and 13E are merely one example of a wavelength selecting device, and may be replaced with another device. For example, the ROADM may be configured to include a wavelength blocker as a replacement for a wavelength selective switch. However, in the configuration including the wavelength blocker, a client signal is added to a WDM optical signal by using a WDM coupler or the like.
Each of the OSC controllers 18W and 18E terminates an OSC signal extracted from an input WDM optical signal, and converts the signal into an electric signal. Each of the OSC controllers 18W and 18E obtains control information transmitted by the OSC signal, and provides the control information to the CPU 20. Moreover, each of the OSC controllers 18W and 18E generates an OSC signal according to an instruction issued from the CPU 20. The generated OSC signal is added to an output WDM optical signal by the OSC coupler 19W or 19E as described above.
The CPU 20 controls operations of the ROADM. At this time, the CPU 20 controls the wavelength selective switches 13W and 13E according to control information included in the received OSC signal. Moreover, the CPU 20 causes the OSC controllers 18W and 18E to generate an OSC signal.
MACDA (MAC Destination Address) and MACSA (MAC Source Address) respectively represent a termination point and an origination point of the OSC signal.
A WCF (Wavelength Channel Failure) signal represents whether or not a failure occurs on each wavelength channel of a WDM system. In this embodiment, 1 bit is assigned to each wavelength channel. “1” represents a state where a failure occurs, whereas “0” represents a state where a failure does not occur. In the example illustrated in
The shutoff information indicates whether or not to perform shutoff for each wavelength channel of the WDM system. In this embodiment, 1 bit is assigned to each wavelength channel. “1” represents a state where shutoff is performed, whereas “0” represents a state where shutoff is not performed. The shutoff information is stored in the OSC frame, and transmitted as a shutoff signal.
Operations of the WDM transmission system 1 performed when a failure is detected are described next with reference to
The node equipment A transmits a WCF signal that specifies the optical signal λ1 upon detection of the failure of the optical signal λ1. At this time, the node equipment A generates a WCF signal that specifies the optical signal λ1 by setting “1” to the λ1 bit of the WCF information illustrated in
Each of the node equipments B, C, D and E transfers the WCF signal to the next node equipment. Namely, the WCF signal transmitted from the node equipment A is sequentially relayed by the node equipments B, C, D and E, and transmitted up to the node equipment F. As a result, the node equipment F receives the WCF signal that specifies the optical signal λ1. The node equipment F generates a shutoff signal that specifies the optical signal λ1 upon receipt of the WCF signal (that specifies the optical signal λ1). This shutoff signal is generated by setting “1” to the λ1 bit of the shutoff information illustrated in
Each of the node equipments determines whether or not to shut off an optical output of each wavelength channel, based on the WCF signal and the shutoff signal. At this time, each of the node equipments determines whether or not to shut off the optical output of each wavelength channel, according to the control condition illustrated in
In the example illustrated in
In the example illustrated in
To solve this problem, in the WDM transmission system 1 according to the first embodiment, node equipment immediately preceding a drop node of an optical signal where a failure has occurred shuts off an optical output of the wavelength corresponding to the failed optical signal. Namely, the node equipment E shuts off the optical output of the wavelength λ1 by using the wavelength selective switch. Accordingly, the output optical power of the wavelength λ1 becomes sufficiently low in the node equipment E as illustrated in
Since the node equipment E shuts off the optical output of the wavelength λ1, an ASE noise component of the wavelength λ1 is lower than the threshold in the node equipment F. Accordingly, when the node equipment F drops the wavelength λ1 from the input WDM optical signal and guides the dropped signal to the OUPSR unit 31, the OUPSR unit 31 determines that the optical signal λ1 is in the LOL state. Then, the OUPSR unit 31 performs path switching by using the optical switch 31a as described earlier with reference to
As described above, according to the first embodiment, a node (namely, the node equipment E) immediately adjacent to a drop node (namely, the node equipment F) of an optical signal that has entered the LOL state shuts off the optical output of the wavelength channel corresponding to the failed optical signal. As a result, ASE noise of the wavelength channel corresponding to the failed optical signal is suppressed, and the optical power of the wavelength channel becomes lower than the threshold for detecting the LOL state of an optical signal. Therefore, the OUPSR unit 31 of the client equipment 30 can suitably detect an LOL failure of an optical signal, whereby path switching can be performed to recover a data transmission.
S1: The optical signal X1 output from the transponder 33 has entered the LOL (Loss of Light) state in the node equipment A. Here, assume that the wavelength of the optical signal X1 is λ1.
S2: The wavelength selective switch 13E detects the LOL state of the wavelength λ1. The wavelength selective switch 13E monitors optical power of each wavelength, for example, by using an OCM. When the optical power of a certain wavelength is lower than a specified threshold, light having that wavelength is decided to be in the LOL state.
S3: The wavelength selective switch 13E notifies the CPU 20 that the wavelength λ1 is in the LOL state.
S4: The CPU 20 issues to the OSC controller 18E an instruction to set the λ1 bit of the WCF signal to “1:failure”.
S5: The OSC controller 18E sets the λ1 bit of the WCF signal to “1:failure” according to the instruction issued from the CPU 20. Then, the OSC controller 18E generates an OSC signal including the WCF signal.
S6: The OSC signal output from the OSC controller 18E is added to a WDM optical signal by the OSC coupler 19E. Accordingly, this OSC signal is transmitted to the next node equipment (namely, the node equipment B).
Operations performed upon receipt of the above described OSC signal are substantially the same in the node equipments B to E. Therefore, operations of the node equipment E that has received the OSC signal are described below.
S11: The OSC filter 17W of the node equipment E extracts the OSC signal from the input WDM optical signal, and guides the extracted signal to the OSC controller 18W. Namely, the OSC controller 18W receives the OSC signal generated by the node equipment D.
S12: The OSC controller 18W extracts the WCF signal from the received OSC signal. Then, the OSC controller 18W transmits the extracted WCF signal to the CPU 20.
S13: The CPU 20 recognizes that the λ1 bit of the WCF signal is “1”. Then, the CPU 20 checks whether or not the local node (namely, the node equipment E) terminates the optical signal having the wavelength λ1. In this example, the optical signal having the wavelength λ1 is dropped by the node equipment F. Namely, the optical signal having the wavelength λ1 is not terminated by the node equipment E.
S14: When the optical signal having the wavelength λ1 is not terminated by the node equipment E, the CPU 20 issues to the OSC controller 18E an instruction to set the λ1 bit of the WCF signal to “1:failure”.
S15: The OSC controller 18E sets the λ1 bit of the WCF signal to “1:failure” according to the instruction issued from the CPU 20. Then, the OSC controller 18E generates an OSC signal including the WCF signal.
S16: The OSC signal output from the OSC controller 18E is added to a WDM optical signal by the OSC coupler 19E. Accordingly, this OSC signal is transmitted to the next node equipment (namely, the node equipment F).
As described above, upon receipt of the WCF signal where the λ1 bit is “1” from the node equipment at the preceding node, each of the node equipments B, C, D and E transmits the WCF signal where the λ1 bit is “1” to the node equipment at the succeeding node. Namely, node equipments B, C, D and E relay the WCF signal where the λ1 bit is “1” from the node equipment A to the node equipment F.
S21: The OSC filter 17W of the node equipment F extracts the OSC signal from the input WDM optical signal, and guides the extracted signal to the OSC controller 18W. Namely, the OSC controller 18W receives the OSC signal generated by the node equipment E.
S22: The OSC controller 18W extracts the WCF signal from the received OSC signal. Then, the OSC controller 18W transmits the extracted WCF signal to the CPU 20.
S23: The CPU 20 recognizes that the λ1 bit of the WCF signal is “1”. Then, the CPU 20 checks whether or not the local node (namely, the node equipment F) terminates the optical signal having the wavelength λ1. In this example, the optical signal having the wavelength λ1 is dropped by the node equipment F. Namely, the optical signal having the wavelength λ1 is terminated by the node equipment F.
S24: When the optical signal having the wavelength λ1 is terminated by the node equipment F, the CPU 20 issues to the OSC controller 18W an instruction to set the λ1 bit of the shutoff signal to “1:perform shutoff”.
S25: The OSC controller 18W sets the λ1 bit of the shutoff signal to “1:perform shutoff” according to the instruction issued from the CPU 20. Then, the OSC controller 18W generates an OSC signal including this shutoff signal.
S26: The OSC signal output from the OSC controller 18W is added to a WDM optical signal by the OSC coupler 19W. Accordingly, this OSC signal is transmitted to the node equipment (namely, the node equipment E) on the upstream side of the equipment F on the transmission route of the optical signal X1.
S31: In the node equipment E, the OSC filter 17E extracts the OSC signal from the input WDM optical signal, and guides the extracted signal to the OSC controller 18E. Namely, the OSC controller 18E receives the OSC signal generated by the node equipment F.
S32: The OSC controller 18E extracts the shutoff signal from the received OSC signal. Then, the OSC controller 18E transmits the extracted shutoff signal to the CPU 20.
S33: The CPU 20 detects that the λ1 bit of the shutoff signal is “1:perform shutoff”. Then, the CPU 20 checks the λ1 bit of the WCF signal received earlier.
S34: The CPU 20 determines whether or not the WCF signal and the shutoff signal satisfy the control condition illustrated in
S35: The wavelength selective switch 13E shuts off the optical output of the wavelength λ1 according to the instruction issued from the CPU 20.
S41: The optical power of the wavelength λ1 is sufficiently low in the node equipment F because the wavelength λ1 has been shut off in the node equipment E. At this time, the λ1 component of ASE noise is also sufficiently suppressed. Accordingly, the OUPSR unit 31 of the client equipment 30 accommodated by the node equipment F detects the LOL state of the wavelength channel λ1 (namely, the optical signal X1) on the WEST route. Then, the OUPSR unit 31 selects a corresponding optical signal on the EAST route in order to switch the path of the data transmission.
As described above, in the first embodiment, the node equipment (node equipment E) that firstly receives the shutoff signal from the drop node equipment (node equipment F) shuts off the optical output of the wavelength corresponding to the optical signal X1. In other words, upon receipt of the failure signal that represents the failure of the wavelength λ1, the drop node equipment (node equipment F) of the wavelength λ1 issues, to the node equipment (node equipment E) at the preceding stage, an instruction to shut off the optical output of the wavelength λ1. As a result, the ASE noise component of the wavelength λ1 is sufficiently suppressed.
S1: In the node equipment A, the optical signal X1 output from the transponder 33 is recovered. Here, assume that the wavelength of the optical signal X1 is λ1.
S2: The wavelength selective switch 13E detects that the optical signal having the wavelength λ1 has been recovered from the LOL state. The wavelength selective switch 13E monitors the optical power of each wavelength, for example, by using an OCM. When the optical power of a certain wavelength becomes higher than a threshold, the optical signal having that wavelength is determined to have been recovered.
S3: The wavelength selective switch 13E notifies the CPU 20 that the wavelength λ1 has been recovered. Note that a notification of recovery includes ceasing a notification of failure.
S4: The CPU 20 issues to the OSC controller 18E an instruction to set the λ1 bit of the WCF signal to “0:OK”.
S5: The OSC controller 18E sets the λ1 bit of the WCF signal to “0:OK” according to the instruction issued from the CPU 20. Then, the OSC controller 18E generates an OSC signal including the WCF signal.
S6: The OSC signal output from the OSC controller 18E is added to a WDM optical signal by the OSC coupler 19E. Accordingly, this OSC signal is transmitted to the next node equipment (namely, the node equipment B).
Operations performed upon receipt of the above described OSC signal are substantially the same in the node equipments B to E. Accordingly, operations of the node equipment E that has received the OSC signal are described below.
S11: The OSC filter 17W of the node equipment E extracts the OSC signal from the input WDC optical signal, and guides the extracted signal to the OSC controller 18W. Namely, the OSC controller 18W receives the OSC signal generated by the node equipment D.
S12: The OSC controller 18W extracts the WCF signal from the received OSC signal. Then, the OSC controller 18W transmits the extracted WCF signal to the CPU 20.
S13: The CPU 20 checks contents of the WCF signal. The CPU 20 also checks the shutoff signal received earlier.
S14: The CPU 20 checks whether or not the WCF signal and the shutoff signal satisfy the control condition illustrated in
S15: The wavelength selective switch 13E cancels the shutoff of the optical output of the wavelength λ1 according to the instruction issued from the CPU 20. As a result, the wavelength selective switch 13E outputs the light of the wavelength λ1 along with lights of other wavelengths without shutting off the light of the wavelength λ1.
S16: The CPU 20 checks whether or not the local node (namely, the node equipment E) terminates the optical signal having the wavelength λ1. In this example, the node equipment E does not terminate the optical signal having the wavelength λ1. Then, the CPU 20 issues to the OSC controller 18E an instruction to set the λ1 bit of the WCF signal to “0:OK”.
S17: The OSC controller 18E sets the λ1 bit of the WCF signal to “0:OK” according to the instruction issued from the CPU 20. Then, the OSC controller 18E generates an OSC signal including the WCF signal.
S18: The OSC signal output from the OSC controller 18E is added to a WDM optical signal by the OSC coupler 19E. Accordingly, this OSC signal is transmitted to the next node equipment (namely, the node equipment F).
S21: The OSC filter 17W of the node equipment F extracts the OSC signal from the input WDC optical signal, and guides the extracted signal to the OSC controller 18W. Namely, the OSC controller 18W receives the OSC signal generated by the node equipment E.
S22: The OSC controller 18W extracts the WCF signal from the received OSC signal. Then, the OSC controller 18W transmits the extracted WCF signal to the CPU 20.
S23: The CPU 20 recognizes that the λ1 bit of the WCF signal is “0”. Then, the CPU 20 checks whether or not the local node (namely, the node equipment F) terminates the optical signal having the wavelength λ1. In this example, the optical signal having the wavelength λ1 is terminated by the node equipment F.
S24: When the node equipment F terminates the optical signal having the wavelength λ1, the CPU 20 issues to the OSC controller 18W an instruction to set the λ1 bit of the shutoff signal to “0:non-shutoff”.
S25: The OSC controller 18W sets the λ1 bit of the shutoff signal to “0:non-shutoff” according to the instruction issued from the CPU 20. Then, the OSC controller 18W generates an OSC signal including the shutoff signal.
S26: The OSC signal output from the OSC controller 18W is added to a WDM optical signal by the OSC coupler 19W. Accordingly, this OSC signal is transmitted to the node equipment (namely, the node equipment E) on the upstream side of the node equipment F on the transmission route of the optical signal X1. The node equipment E extracts the shutoff signal from the received OSC signal, and recognizes contents of the shutoff signal.
S27: The OUPSR unit 31 of the client equipment 30 accommodated by the node equipment F receives the optical signal X1. Since then, the OUPSR unit 31 receives the optical signal X1 via the WEST route and the optical signal X2 via the EAST route. However, the OUPSR unit 31 does not necessarily switch a path for the wavelength channel of λ1 when the optical signal X1 is recovered.
In the first embodiment, the drop node equipment transmits the shutoff signal upon recognizing that a failure has occurred based on a WCF signal. In contrast, in the second embodiment, the drop node equipment periodically transmits a shutoff signal regardless of a WCF signal.
In
Assume that the node equipment A detects a failure of the optical signal X1 in the WDM transmission system 2. Then, the node equipment A transmits to the node equipment B a WCF signal that specifies the optical signal X1 in a similar manner as in the first embodiment. This WCF signal is sequentially relayed by the node equipments B, C, D and E in a similar manner as in the first embodiment.
The node equipment E receives the above described WCF signal. Here, the node equipment E has received the shutoff signal that specifies the optical signal X1. Accordingly, the node equipment E instantaneously shuts off the optical output of the wavelength corresponding to the optical signal X1 upon receipt of the above described WCF signal. As a result, ASE noise of the wavelength corresponding to the optical signal X1 is suppressed. Therefore, also in the second embodiment, the LOL (Loss of Light) state of the optical signal X1 can be securely detected in the client equipment 30 accommodated by the node equipment F in a similar manner as in the first embodiment. Moreover, according to the second embodiment, the period of time needed from an occurrence of the failure until the shutoff operation is performed becomes short in comparison with that in the first embodiment.
Each of the node equipments performs or cancels the shutoff operation according to the control condition illustrated in
S1: The CPU 20 of the node equipment F recognizes a wavelength to be terminated (namely, dropped) by the node equipment F in the WDM optical signal received from the WEST route. In this example, the node equipment F terminates the optical signal X1 (namely, the wavelength λ1). A wavelength terminated by each of the node equipments is specified, for example, by the network management system.
S2: The CPU 20 issues to the OSC controller 18W an instruction to generate a shutoff signal that specifies the wavelength λ1.
S3: The OSC controller 18W sets the λ1 bit of the shutoff signal to “1:perform shutoff” according to the instruction issued from the CPU 20. Then, the OSC controller 18W generates an OSC signal including this shutoff signal.
S4: The OSC signal output from the OSC controller 18W is added to a WDM optical signal, and transmitted to the node equipment E.
S5: In the node equipment E, the OSC controller 18E receives the OSC signal generated by the node equipment F. The OSC controller 18E extracts the shutoff signal from the received OSC signal. Then, the OSC controller 18E transmits the extracted shutoff signal to the CPU 20. S1 to S5 are performed, for example, periodically. Accordingly, in this case, the above described shutoff signal is periodically transmitted from the node equipment F to the node equipment E.
S11 to S16: The node equipment A detects a failure of the wavelength λ1. Then, the node equipment A transmits to the node equipment B an OSC signal including a WCF signal where the λ1 bit is set to “1”. Since these operations are substantially the same as S1 to S6 illustrated in
Operations performed upon receipt of the above described OSC signal are substantially the same in the node equipments B to E. Accordingly, operations of the node equipment E that has received the OSC signal are described below.
S21: In the node equipment E, the OSC controller 18W receives the OSC signal generated by the node equipment D.
S22: The OSC controller 18W extracts the WCF signal from the received OSC signal. Then, the OSC controller 18W transmits the extracted WCF signal to the CPU 20.
S23: The CPU 20 checks the WCF signal received from the node equipment D. At this time, the λ1 bit of the WCF signal is set to “1:failure”.
S24: The CPU 20 periodically receives from the node equipment F the shutoff signal where the λ1 bit is set to “1:perform shutoff”. Namely, the CPU 20 can determine whether or not to perform shutoff substantially based on only the WCF signal. Accordingly, the CPU 20 instantaneously issues to the wavelength selective switch 13E an instruction to shut off the optical output of the wavelength λ1 upon receipt of the WCF signal where the λ1 bit is “1”.
S25: The wavelength selective switch 13E shuts off the optical output of the wavelength λ1 according to the instruction issued from the CPU 20.
S31: As a result of the shutoff performed in S25, the optical power of the wavelength λ1 is sufficiently small in the node equipment F. At this time, also an ASE noise component of the wavelength λ1 is sufficiently suppressed. Accordingly, the OUPSR unit 31 of client equipment accommodated by the node equipment F detects the LOL state of the wavelength channel λ1 (namely, the optical signal X1) on the WEST route.
S1 to S5: These operations are substantially the same as S1 to S5 illustrated in
S11 to S16: In the node equipment A, the failure of the optical signal having the wavelength λ1 has been recovered. As a result, this optical signal is transmitted up to the node equipment E. At this time point, the node equipment E shuts off the optical output of the wavelength λ1. Moreover, the node equipment A transmits to the node equipment B an OSC signal including a WCF signal where the λ1 bit is set to “0:OK”. This WCF signal is sequentially relayed by the node equipments B, C and D, and transmitted up to the node equipment E. Since these operations are substantially the same as S1 to S6 illustrated in
S21: In the node equipment E, the OSC controller 18W receives the OSC signal generated by the node equipment D.
S22: The OSC controller 18W extracts the WCF signal from the received OSC signal. Then, the OSC controller 18W transmits the extracted WCF signal to the CPU 20.
S23: The CPU 20 checks the WCF signal received from the node equipment D. At this time, the λ1 bit of the WCF signal is set to “0:OK”.
S24: The CPU 20 periodically receives from the node equipment F the shutoff signal where the λ1 bit is set to “1:perform shutoff”. Namely, the CPU 20 determines whether or not to cancel the shutoff substantially based on only the WCF signal. Accordingly, the CPU 20 instantaneously issues to the wavelength selective switch 13E an instruction to cancel the shutoff of the wavelength λ1 upon receipt of the WCF where the λ1 bit is set to “0”.
S25: The wavelength selective switch 13E cancels the shutoff of the optical output of the wavelength λ1 according to the instruction issued from the CPU 20. The optical signal X1 is transmitted up to the node equipment F without being shut off in the node equipment E.
S31: The OUPSR unit 31 of the client equipment 30 accommodated by the node equipment F receives the optical signal X1.
In the first and the second embodiments, the ROADM (node equipment E) is provided immediately adjacent to the drop node (node equipment F) of the optical signal X1. In contrast, in the third embodiment, an ILA (In-Line Amplifier) is provided immediately adjacent to the drop node (node equipment F) of the optical signal X1.
However, the ILA has neither the function of dropping a specified wavelength channel from a WDM optical signal nor the function of adding a desired wavelength channel to a WDM optical signal. Namely, the ILA does not have the function of controlling an optical signal for each wavelength. Accordingly, the ILA operates as amplifying node equipment for collectively amplifying a WDM optical signal.
Assume that the node equipment A detects a failure of the optical signal X1 in the above described WDM transmission system 3. Then, the node equipment A transmits to the node equipment B a WCF signal that specifies the optical signal X1 in a similar manner as in the first embodiment. This WCF signal is sequentially relayed by the node equipments B, C, D and E, and transmitted up to the node equipment F in a similar manner as in the first embodiment.
The node equipment F generates a shutoff signal that specifies the optical signal X1, and transmits the generated shutoff signal to the node equipment E in a similar manner as in the first embodiment. However, the node equipment E is the ILA, and cannot control an optical signal for each wavelength. Accordingly, the node equipment E transfers the shutoff signal to an upstream side. As a result, the node equipment D receives the shutoff signal that specifies the optical signal X1.
Operations of the node equipment D that has received the shutoff signal are substantially the same as those of the node equipment E in the first embodiment. Namely, the node equipment D determines whether or not the WCF signal and the shutoff signal satisfy the control condition illustrated in
As a result of the above described shutoff, an ASE noise component of the wavelength corresponding to the optical signal X1 is suppressed. Accordingly, the client equipment 30 accommodated by the node equipment F can detect that the optical signal X1 is in the LOL state. Since the node equipment E is arranged between the node equipment D and the node equipment F, ASE noise is generated in the node equipment E. However, the ASE noise generated in the node equipment E is sufficiently small in comparison with ASE noise accumulated in the node equipments B, C, D and E. Therefore, the OUPSR unit 31 of the client equipment 30 can securely detect the LOL state of the optical signal X1.
Upon detection of the failure of the optical signal X1, the node equipment A generates an OSC signal including a WCF signal where the λ1 bit is set to “1”, and transmits the generated OSC signal to the node equipment B. This OSC signal is transmitted to the node equipment D via the node equipments B and C. Since these operations are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment illustrated in
The node equipment D receives the above described OSC signal from the node equipment C. Operations (S1 to S6) of the node equipment D that has received the OSC signal are substantially the same as the operations (S11 to S16) of the node equipment E illustrated in
S11: The OSC controller 18W of the node equipment E receives the OSC signal generated by the node equipment D.
S12: The OSC controller 18W extracts the WCF signal from the received OSC signal. Then, the OSC controller 18W transmits the extracted WCF signal to the CPU 20.
S13: The CPU 20 recognizes that the λ1 bit of the WCF signal is “1:failure”. Here, the node equipment E is not a ROADM but an ILA. Accordingly, the CPU 20 issues to the OSC controller 18E an instruction to set the λ1 bit of the WCF signal to “1:failure”.
S14: The OSC controller 18E sets the λ1 bit of the WCF signal to “1” according to the instruction issued from the CPU 20. Then, the OSC controller 18E generates an OSC signal including the WCF signal.
S15: The OSC signal output from the OSC controller 18E is added to a WDM optical signal, and transmitted to the node equipment F.
Upon receipt of the above described OSC signal from the node equipment E, the node equipment F transmits to the node equipment E the OSC signal including the shutoff signal where the λ1 bit is set to “1:perform shutoff” in a similar manner as in the first embodiment illustrated in
S31: The OSC controller 18E of the node equipment E receives the OSC signal generated by the node equipment F.
S32: The OSC controller 18E extracts the shutoff signal from the received OSC signal, and transmits the extracted signal to the CPU 20.
S33: The CPU 20 recognizes that the λ1 bit of the received shutoff signal is “1”. Then, the CPU 20 issues to the OSC controller 18W an instruction to set the λ1 bit of the shutoff signal to “1:perform shutoff”.
S34: The OSC controller 18W sets the λ1 bit of the shutoff signal to “1” according to the instruction issued from the CPU 20. Then, the OSC controller 18W generates an OSC signal including the shutoff signal.
S35: The OSC signal output from the OSC controller 18W is added to a WDM optical signal, and transmitted to the node equipment D.
The node equipment D receives the above described OSC signal from the node equipment E. Operations (S41 to S45) of the node equipment D are substantially the same as the operations (S31 to S35) of the node equipment E illustrated in
S51: As a result of the shutoff performed in the node equipment D, the optical power of the wavelength λ1 is sufficiently small in the node equipment F. Accordingly, the OUPSR unit 31 of the client equipment 30 accommodated by the node equipment F detects the LOL state of the wavelength channel λ1 (namely, the optical signal X1) on the WEST route.
The node equipment A transmits to the node equipment B an OSC signal including a WCF signal where the λ1 bit is set to “0:OK”. Since this operation is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment illustrated in
The node equipment D receives the above described OSC signal. Operations (S1 to S8) of the node equipment D that has received the OSC signal are substantially the same as the operations (S11 to S18) of the node equipment E illustrated in
In S11 to S15, the node equipment E extracts the WCF signal from the received OSC signal and recognizes that the λ1 bit of the WCF signal is “0”. Then, the node equipment E transmits to the node equipment F the OSC signal including the WCF signal where the λ1 bit is set to “0”.
Operations (S21 to S27) of the node equipment F are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment illustrated in
The node equipment E may newly generate a shutoff signal where the λ1 bit is set to “0” upon receipt of the shutoff signal where the λ1 bit is set to “0” from the node equipment F, and transmit the newly generated signal to the node equipment D, although this is not particularly illustrated.
In the fourth embodiment, an ILA is provided immediately adjacent to the drop node (node equipment F) of the optical signal X1 in a similar manner as in the third embodiment. Moreover, in the fourth embodiment, drop node equipment periodically transmits a shutoff signal that specifies the optical signal X1 in a similar manner as in the second embodiment.
In
The node equipment E is an ILA, and cannot control an optical signal for each wavelength. Accordingly, the node equipment E transfers to the node equipment D the shutoff signal that specifies the optical signal X1. In this way, the node equipment D periodically receives the shutoff signal that specifies the optical signal X1.
The node equipment A detects a failure of the optical signal X1. Then, the node equipment A transmits to the node equipment B a WCF signal that specifies the optical signal X1 in a similar manner as in the first to the third embodiments. This WCF signal is sequentially transmitted to the node equipments B, C and D.
The node equipment D receives the above described WCF signal that specifies the optical signal X1 from the node equipment C. Here, the node equipment D periodically receives the shutoff signal that specifies the optical signal X1. Accordingly, the node equipment D instantaneously shuts off the optical output of the wavelength corresponding to the optical signal X1 upon receipt of the above described WCF signal. As a result, an ASE noise component of the wavelength corresponding to the optical signal X1 is suppressed. Accordingly, also in the fourth embodiment, the LOL (Loss of Light) state of the optical signal X1 can be securely detected in the client equipment 30 accommodated by the node equipment F.
In S1 to S4, the node equipment F periodically generates a shutoff signal where the λ1 bit is set to “1:perform shutoff”, and transmits the shutoff signal to the node equipment E. These operations are substantially the same as those of the second embodiment illustrated in
The node equipment E is an ILA, and cannot control an optical signal for each wavelength. Accordingly, the node equipment E transfers to the node equipment D the shutoff signal received from the node equipment F in S11 to S15.
S16: In the node equipment D, the OSC controller 18E extracts the shutoff signal from the received OSC signal. Then, the OSC controller 18E transmits the extracted shutoff signal to the CPU 20. Note that the node equipment D periodically receives the shutoff signal where the λ1 bit is set to “1:perform shutoff”.
The node equipment A transmits to the node equipment B the OSC signal including the WCF signal where the λ1 bit is set to “1: failure” upon detection of the failure of the optical signal X1. This OSC signal is relayed by the node equipments B and C, and transmitted to the node equipment D. These operations are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment illustrated in
S21 to S23: In the node equipment D, the OSC controller 18W extracts the WCF signal from the received OSC signal. Moreover, the OSC controller 18W transmits the extracted WCF signal to the CPU 20. Then, the CPU 20 recognizes that the λ1 bit of the WCF signal is set to “1:failure”.
S24: The CPU 20 periodically receives from the node equipment E the shutoff signal where the λ1 bit is set to “1:perform shutoff”. Namely, the CPU 20 can determine, based on the WCF signal, whether or not to perform shutoff operation. Accordingly, the CPU 20 instantaneously issues to the wavelength selective switch 13E an instruction to shut off the optical output of the wavelength λ1 upon receipt of the WCF signal where the λ1 bit is set to “1:failure”.
S25: The wavelength selective switch 13E shuts off the optical output of the wavelength λ1 according to the instruction issued from the CPU 20.
S31: As a result of the shutoff performed in S25, the optical power of the wavelength λ1 is sufficiently small in the node equipment F. Accordingly, the OUPSR unit 31 detects the LOL state of the wavelength channel λ1 (namely, the optical signal X1) on the WEST route.
A flow of a control signal of the shutoff cancellation operation is similar to that of operation used when the shutoff described with reference to
In S21 to S23, the node equipment D receives the WCF signal where the λ1 bit is set to “0:OK”. Here, the CPU 20 periodically receives from the node equipment E the shutoff signal where the λ1 bit is set to “1:perform shutoff”. Namely, the CPU 20 can determine, based on the WCF signal, whether or not to cancel the shutoff. Accordingly, upon receipt of the WCF signal where the λ1 bit is set to “0”, the CPU 20 issues to the wavelength selective switch 13E an instruction to cancel the shutoff of the wavelength λ1 in S24. Then, the wavelength selective switch 13E cancels the shutoff of the optical output of the wavelength λ1 according to the instruction issued from the CPU 20 in S25. As a result, the optical signal X1 is transmitted up to the node equipment F without being shut off in the node equipment D. Therefore, in S31, the OUPSR unit 31 receives the optical signal X1.
In the first to the fourth embodiments, shutoff operation is performed in one certain node. In contrast, in the fifth embodiment, shutoff is performed in each node equipment on a transmission route between node equipment that has detected a failure and drop node equipment.
Assume that the optical signal X1 has entered the LOL state and the node equipment A detects the failure in the WDM transmission system 5. In this case, the node equipment A generates a WCF signal that specifies the optical signal X1, and transmits the generated signal to the node equipment B in a similar manner as in the first to the fourth embodiments. Then, this WCF signal is sequentially relayed by the node equipments B, C, D and E, and transmitted up to the node equipment F.
Each of the node equipments determines, based on the WCF signal, whether either to execute or to cancel the shutoff for each wavelength. Accordingly, each of the node equipments B, C, D and E shuts off the optical output of the wavelength corresponding to the optical signal X1 upon receipt of the WCF signal that specifies the optical signal X1. As a result, an ASE noise component of the wavelength corresponding to the optical signal X1 is suppressed, and the OUPSR unit accommodated by the drop node equipment (that is, node equipment F) can securely detect the LOL state of the optical signal X1.
The node equipment A transmits to the node equipment B an OSC signal including the WCF signal where the λ1 bit is set to “1: failure” upon detection of the failure of the optical signal X1. Since this operation is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment illustrated in
The WCF signal transmitted from the node equipment A is sequentially relayed by the node equipments B, C, D and E, and transmitted up to the node equipment F. At this time, operations of the node equipments B, C, D and E are mutually substantially the same. Accordingly, the operation of the node equipment B is described below.
S11: The OSC controller 18W of the node equipment B receives the OSC signal generated by the node equipment A.
S12: The OSC controller 18W extracts the WCF signal from the received OSC signal. Then, the OSC controller 18W transmits the extracted WCF signal to the CPU 20.
S13: The CPU 20 recognizes that the λ1 bit of the WCF signal is “1:failure”. Moreover, the CPU 20 checks whether or not the local node (namely, the node equipment B) terminates the optical signal having the wavelength λ1. In this example, the optical signal having the wavelength λ1 is dropped by the node equipment F. Namely, the node equipment B does not terminate the optical signal having the wavelength λ1.
S14: Since the node equipment B does not terminate the optical signal having the wavelength λ1, the CPU 20 issues to the wavelength selective switch 13E an instruction to shut off the optical output of the wavelength λ1.
S15: The wavelength selective switch 13E shuts off the optical output of the wavelength λ1 according to the instruction issued from the CPU 20.
S16: The CPU 20 issues to the OSC controller 18E an instruction to set the λ1 bit of the WCF signal to “1:failure”.
S17: The OSC controller 18E sets the λ1 bit of the WCF signal to “1” according to the instruction issued from the CPU 20. Then, the OSC controller 18E generates an OSC signal including the WCF signal.
S18: The OSC signal output from the OSC controller 18E is added to a WDM optical signal, and transmitted to the next node equipment (namely, the node equipment C).
Operations of the node equipments C, D and E are substantially the same as the operations (S11 to S18) of the node equipment B. Accordingly, each of the node equipments C, D and E shuts off the optical output of the wavelength λ1.
S21: As a result of the shutoff performed in S15 in each of the node equipments B, C, D and E, the optical power of the wavelength λ1 is sufficiently low in the node equipment F. Therefore, the OUPSR unit 31 detects the LOL state of the wavelength channel λ1 (namely, the optical signal X1) on the WEST route.
A flow of a control signal of the shutoff cancellation operation is similar to that of the operation used when the shutoff described with reference to
Each of the node equipments B, C, D and E cancels the shutoff of the wavelength λ1 according to the received WCF signal in S11 to S15. Moreover, each of the node equipments B, C, D and E transmits to the next node equipment the WCF signal where the λ1 bit is set to “0:OK” in S16 to S18. As a result, the optical signal X1 is transmitted up to the node equipment F.
A failure assumed in the sixth embodiment is the LOL state of a WDM optical signal. Such a failure is caused, for example, by a disconnection of an optical fiber that connects nodes.
Assume that an optical fiber for transmitting a WDM optical signal from the node equipments A toward the node equipment B (that is, in the counterclockwise direction) has been disconnected in the WDM transmission system 6. In this case, the node equipment B detects a failure (namely, LOL) of all wavelengths of the WDM optical signal. Then, the node equipment B generates a WCF signal indicating that all the wavelengths of the WDM optical signal are in the LOL state, and transmits the generated WCF signal to the node equipment C.
This WCF signal is sequentially relayed by the node equipments C, D and E, and transmitted up to the node equipment F. At this time, each of the node equipments C, D and E shuts off optical outputs of all the wavelengths of the WDM optical signal in response to reception of the WCF signal. However, the node equipments C, D and E do not shut off the OSC signal.
As described above, when only the ILAs (node equipments C, D and E) exist between the node equipment (node equipment B) that has detected the LOL state of the WDM optical signal and the drop node equipment (node equipment F), each of the ILAs shuts off the optical outputs of all the wavelengths of the WDM optical signal. Accordingly, ASE noise is sufficiently suppressed in all the wavelengths of the WDM optical signal in the node equipment F. As a result, the OUPSR unit determines that a wavelength channel dropped by the node equipment F is in the LOL state. When a ROADM exists between the node equipment that has detected the LOL state of the WDM optical signal and the drop node equipment, not an ILA but the ROADM may perform shutoff operation.
S1: A WDM optical signal transmitted from the node equipment A does not reach the node equipment B. Such a failure is caused, for example, by a disconnection of an optical fiber that propagates a signal from the node equipment A to the node equipment B.
S2: In the node equipment B, the wavelength selective switch 13E detects that all the wavelengths of the input WDM optical signal are in the LOL state. Then, the wavelength selective switch 13E notifies the CPU 20 of this failure.
S3: The CPU 20 issues to the OSC controller 18E an instruction to set all the wavelength bits of the WCF signal to “1:failure”.
S4: The OSC controller 18E respectively sets all the wavelength bits of the WCF signal to “1” according to the instruction issued from the CPU 20. In the example illustrated in
S5: The OSC signal generated by the OSC controller 18E is added to an output WDM optical signal. Accordingly, this OSC signal is transmitted to the next node equipment (namely, the node equipment C).
S11: In the node equipment C, the OSC signal extracted from the input WDM optical signal is guided to the OSC controller 18W. Namely, the OSC controller 18W receives the OSC signal generated by the node equipment B.
S12: The OSC controller 18W extracts the WCF signal from the received OSC signal. Then, the OSC controller 18W transmits the extracted WCF signal to the CPU 20.
S13 to S14: The CPU 20 recognizes that all the wavelength bits of the WCF signal are “1”. Moreover, the CPU 20 knows that the local node (namely, the node equipment C) is an ILA. In this case, the CPU 20 issues to the optical amplifier 14E an instruction to shut off optical outputs of all the wavelengths of the WDM optical signal.
S15: The optical amplifier 14E shuts off the optical outputs of all the wavelengths of the WDM optical signal according to the instruction issued from the CPU 20. Namely, the optical amplifier 14E reduces a gain for amplifying the WDM optical signal. Alternatively, when a variable optical attenuator is provided on an input side or an output side of the optical amplifier 14E, the node equipment C may shut off the WDM optical signal by controlling the variable optical attenuator.
S16: The CPU 20 issues to the OSC controller 18E an instruction to set all the wavelength bits of the WCF signal to “1:failure”.
S17: The OSC controller 18E sets all the wavelength bits of the WCF signal to “1” according to the instruction issued from the CPU 20. Then, the OSC controller 18E generates an OSC signal including the WCF signal.
S18: The OSC signal generated by the OSC controller 18E is added to an output WDM optical signal. However, the WDM optical signal is shut off by the optical amplifier 14E. Accordingly, only the OSC signal is transmitted to the next node equipment (namely, the node equipment D).
Operations of the node equipments D and E are substantially the same as the operations (S11 to S18) of the node equipment C. Namely, each of the node equipments D and E shuts off the WDM optical signal. Then, each of the node equipments D and E transmits to the next node the WCF signal where all the wavelength bits are set to “1”.
S21: As a result of the shutoff operation performed in S15, optical power of each of the wavelengths of the WDM optical signal is sufficiently low in the node equipment F. Accordingly, the OUPSR unit 31 detects the LOL state of the specified drop wavelength channel (for example, λ1, namely, the optical signal X1) on the WEST route.
A flow of a control signal of the shutoff cancellation operation is similar to that of the operation for performing shutoff, which are described with reference to
Each of the node equipments C, D and E cancels the shutoff of the WDM optical signal according to the received WCF signal in S11 to S15. Moreover, each of the node equipments C, D and E transmits to the next node equipment the WCF signal where all the wavelength bits of the WDM optical signal are set to “0” in S16 to S18. As a result, the specified drop optical signal (for example, X1) is transmitted up to the node equipment F.
In the first to the fifth embodiments, each of the node equipments controls the shutoff of an optical output based on the WCF signal/shutoff signal. At this time, the CPU 20 may issue to the wavelength selective switches 13E or 13W the instruction to perform or cancel the shutoff, for example, at each time of receiving the WCF signal/shutoff signal. With this method, however, the CPU 20 repeatedly issues the instruction to the wavelength selective switches 13E or 13W even when the WDM transmission system is normally operating. Namely, a load on the CPU 20 is heavy. Accordingly, the node equipment according to the seventh embodiment employs a configuration and operation, which reduce processes for a shutoff control of optical output.
In
Each of the wavelength selective switches 13 and 13E has a shutoff control register 42. The shutoff control register 42 stores, for each wavelength of a WDM optical signal, information indicating whether or not to perform shutoff operation. Each of the wavelength selective switches 13W and 13E updates the shutoff control register 42 according to an instruction issued from the CPU 20, and controls the shutoff for each wavelength based on the information stored in the shutoff control register 42.
According to the seventh embodiment, the number of times that the CPU 20 issues the instructions related to shutoff to the wavelength selective switches 13W and 13E is significantly reduced. Note that the configuration of the seventh embodiment is applicable to the first to the sixth embodiments. However, when the seventh embodiment is applied to an embodiment that does not use the shutoff signal, the state management table 41 manages the state specified by the latest WCF signal for each wavelength. Moreover, when the seventh embodiment is applied to the sixth embodiment, the CPU 20 issues an instruction to the optical amplifier based on the state management table 41.
In some of the previous embodiments, when the optical signal within a WDM optical signal has entered the LOL state, node equipment immediately adjacent to a drop node of the failed optical signal shuts off a wavelength corresponding to the failed optical signal. In this case, each of the node equipments determines whether or not to perform shutoff by using a shutoff signal.
In contrast, in the eighth embodiment, each of node equipments (or some of the node equipments) holds topology information that represents a network topology, and routing information of a wavelength channel. Upon receipt of a failure signal, each or some of the node equipments determines whether or not to shut off a corresponding optical signal by using the topology information and the routing information.
Each of the node equipments N1, N2 and N4 to N7 is a ROADM having a 2-degree configuration, and has two routes (degree-A and degree-B). The node equipment N3 is a ROADM having a 4-degree configuration, and has four routes (degree-A, degree-B, degree-C and degree-D).
Each of the node equipments N1 to N7 has a network topology/routing DB 51. The network topology/routing DB 51 stores the topology information that represents a network topology, and the routing information of a wavelength channel.
In
Node equipment N4: degree-A is unused. The wavelength λ1 is allocated to degree-B.
Node equipment N3: The wavelength λ1 is allocated to degree-A and degree-B.
Node equipment N2: The wavelength λ1 is allocated to degree-A, and degree-B is unused.
“T” represents a terminated state (or a state where a route is unused). Moreover, the routing information is generated, for example, when a wavelength channel is set by the network management system.
Each of the node equipments has a wavelength path connection state management table. The wavelength path connection state management table is created based on the above described topology information and routing information. Moreover, the wavelength path connection state management table manages wavelength path connection information indicating whether or not a local node is arranged immediately adjacent to a drop node (or a destination node) on a wavelength path that passes through the local node as illustrated in
In the WDM transmission system having the above described configuration, when a optical signal having a certain wavelength is failed, a WCF signal that specifies the failed optical signal is generated in a similar manner as in the first to the fifth embodiments. Then, this WCF signal is transmitted from node equipment that has detected the failure to a drop node of the optical signal.
The node equipment that has received the WCF signal references the wavelength path connection state management table, and determines whether or not the local node is a node immediately preceding the drop node of the optical signal specified by the WCF signal. Then, the node equipment decides whether or not to shut off the optical signal according to a result of the determination.
Assume that the traffic 1 heading from the node equipment N4 to the node equipment N2 has entered the LOL state. Also assume that the node equipment N4 has detected this failure. In this case, the node equipment N4 transmits to the node equipment N3 a WCF signal that specifies λ1.
Upon receipt of the WCF signal that specifies λ1 from the route degree-A, the node equipment N3 obtains “connection:DegB-1” and “adjacent:1” from the wavelength path connection state management table illustrated in
Alternatively, assume that the traffic 2 heading from the node equipment N7 to the node equipment N5 has entered the LOL state. Also assume that the node equipment N7 has detected this failure. In this case, the node equipment N7 transmits to the node equipment N3 a WCF signal that specifies λ3.
Upon receipt of the WCF signal that specifies λ3 from the route “degree-D”, the node equipment N3 obtains “connection:DegC-2” and “adjacent:0” from the wavelength path connection state management table illustrated in
Note that the network topology/routing DB 51 may manage topology information and routing information for each route as illustrated in
All examples and conditional language provided herein are intended for the pedagogical purposes of aiding the reader in understanding the invention and the concepts contributed by the inventor to further the art, and are not to be construed as limitations to such specifically recited examples and conditions, nor does the organization of such examples in the specification relate to a showing of the superiority and inferiority of the invention. Although one or more embodiments of the present inventions have been described in detail, it should be understood that the various changes, substitutions, and alterations could be made hereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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