OPTICAL TRANSMITTER SYSTEM AND SIGNAL TRANSMISSION METHOD

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to an optical transmitter system for receiving and converting a radio frequency (RF) signal into an optical signal. Embodiments of the present disclosure further relate to a signal transmission method.

BACKGROUND

RF-over-fiber is a technique that is used in different applications in order to transmit high-frequency RF signals over larger distances with reduced losses. For example, such RF-over-fiber techniques can be used in measurement systems in order to transmit high-frequency signals between a measurement instrument and external RF frontends. As another example, such RF-over-fiber techniques may be used in order to transmit an RF signal received via an antenna from the antenna to a computing unit.

However, RF-over-fiber techniques known in the art have the problem that the signal can only be transmitted with a rather low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), thereby limiting the obtainable bandwidth.

Thus, there is a need for an optical transmitter system and a signal transmission method that allow for transmitting received RF signals with enhanced SNR.

SUMMARY

The following summary of the present disclosure is intended to introduce different concepts in a simplified form that are described in further detail in the detailed description provided below. This summary is neither intended to denote essential features of the present disclosure nor shall this summary be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an optical transmitter system for receiving and converting a radio frequency (RF) signal into an optical signal. In an embodiment, the optical transmitter system comprises an RF receiver circuit and at least two signal manipulation paths. The RF receiver circuit is configured to receive an RF signal. The at least two signal manipulation paths are connected with the RF receiver module, respectively, such that the at least two signal manipulation paths receive the RF signal from the RF receiver circuit. The signal manipulation paths are configured to process the received RF signal, thereby obtaining a manipulated optical signal, respectively. Each of the signal manipulation paths comprises an electro-optical convertor, wherein the electro-optical convertor is configured to convert RF signals into a corresponding converted optical signal. At least one of the signal manipulation paths comprises a signal manipulation unit configured to adapt a signal processed by the respective signal manipulation path based on at least one operation to obtain a manipulated signal.

Therein and in the following, the term “adapt a signal processed by the respective signal manipulation path” is understood to denote that a corresponding RF signal or a corresponding converted optical signal is adapted by the signal manipulation unit. Moreover, the term “based on at least one operation to obtain a manipulated signal” is understood that a linear operation and/or a non-linear operation may be applied to the signal processed by the respective signal manipulation path in order to obtain the manipulated signal. In other words, the signal manipulation unit may be configured to adapt the received RF signal or the corresponding converted optical signal, as will be described in more detail below.

The optical transmitter system according to the present disclosure is based on the idea to split the received RF signal into a plurality of signal manipulation paths that each process the received RF signal, thereby obtaining a plurality of manipulated optical signals.

In an embodiment, the plurality of manipulated optical signals may be transmitted to a receiver, wherein the receiver may reconstruct the received RF signal based on the plurality of manipulated optical signals.

It has been recognized by the inventor(s) of the present application that the SNR (of the reconstructed RF signal) obtainable by the optical transmitter system according to the present disclosure is enhanced significantly compared to prior art RF-over-fiber techniques, for example by at least 3 dB. For example, the optical transmitter system according to the present disclosure is suitable for transmitting RF signals having a frequency up to several ten GHz, or even up to several hundred GHz with enhanced SNR and with low losses. Moreover, the optical transmitter system according to the present disclosure is suitable for transmitting RF signals having a bandwidth of up to several ten GHz, e.g. up to 50 GHz or above.

It is to be understood that an arbitrary number greater than or equal to 1 of the signal manipulation paths may comprise a signal manipulation unit, respectively. For example, all signal manipulation paths may comprise a signal manipulation unit, respectively. As another example, all signal manipulation paths but one may comprise a signal manipulation unit, respectively, etc.

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the signal manipulation unit, for example, is provided upstream of the electro-optical convertor. Thus, in this case the manipulated signal corresponds to the received RF signal, adapted by the signal manipulation unit. In this case, the electro-optical convertor is configured to convert the manipulated signal into a corresponding converted optical signal, namely into the corresponding manipulated optical signal. In other words, the signal manipulation unit is configured to operate in the electrical domain, i.e. on the RF signal received from the RF receiver circuit.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, the signal manipulation unit, for example, is provided downstream of the electro-optical convertor. Thus, in this case the electro-optical convertor is configured to convert the received RF signal into a corresponding converted optical signal. The manipulated signal corresponds to the converted optical signal, adapted by the signal manipulation unit. Thus, in this case the manipulated signal may be equal to the manipulated optical signal. In other words, the signal manipulation unit in this embodiment is configured to operate in the optical domain, i.e. on the converted signal received from the electro-optical convertor.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the RF signal comprises a first symbol sequence, wherein each of the manipulated optical signals comprises a symbol sequence being associated with the first symbol sequence. In other words, each of the manipulated optical signals may comprise information on the first symbol sequence.

In an embodiment, each of the manipulated optical signals may comprise information on the first symbol sequence such that the first symbol sequence could be reconstructed based on each of the manipulated optical signals alone.

While the individual symbols comprised in the symbol sequences may be different from the individual symbols of the first symbol sequence, there may be a bijective relation between symbols of the respective symbol sequence and the symbols of the first symbol sequence.

Put differently, the information comprised in the first symbol sequence may be transmitted several times in parallel by the manipulated optical signals. This way, the achievable SNR is enhanced significantly.

In a further embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical transmitter system comprises an optical combiner module, wherein the optical combiner module is connected with the signal manipulation paths, respectively, so as to receive the manipulated optical signals from the signal manipulation paths, and wherein the optical combiner module is configured to combine the manipulated optical signals so as to obtain a combined manipulated optical signal. The combined manipulated optical signal can be transmitted to a target location, e.g. via at least one optical fiber being connected to an output of the optical combiner module.

In an embodiment, the combined manipulated optical signal may be a superposition of the manipulated optical signals.

A further aspect of the present disclosure provides that the electro-optical convertors, for example, are configured to convert RF signals such that the converted optical signals are associated with different optical channels, for example wherein the different optical channels are independent of each other. As the converted optical signals are associated with different optical channels, the manipulated optical signals are associated with different optical channels as well. In other words, different manipulated optical signals may be transmitted via different optical channels. Thus, the obtainable SNR is further enhanced.

Optionally, the different optical channels are independent of each other, thereby increasing the obtainable SNR even further. Therein, the term “independent” is understood to denote that there is no cross-talk between different channels being independent of each other. In other words, independent channels are pairwise orthogonal. Moreover, the term “optical channel” is understood to denote an optical fiber, a polarization within an optical fiber, an IQ plane on a polarization, a mode within an optical fiber, and/or a wavelength.

Accordingly, different manipulated optical signals may be transmitted on different optical fibers, with different polarizations within an optical fiber, with different IQ planes on a polarization, as different modes within an optical fiber, and/or with different wavelengths (i.e. with different “color”).

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the at least one operation is a linear operation, wherein the linear operation comprises applying a linear factor to the signal processed by the respective signal manipulation path. In an embodiment, the linear factor may be greater than 1, i.e. a gain may be applied to the signal processed by the respective signal manipulation path. Alternatively, the linear factor may be smaller than 1, i.e. the signal processed by the respective signal manipulation path may be attenuated.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, the linear factor, for example, is different for each of the signal manipulation paths, for example wherein the linear factor increases exponentially between different signal manipulation paths. Accordingly, a different linear factor, e.g. a different gain, is applied to each of the manipulated signals. It has turned out that the obtainable SNR is further enhanced in this case.

In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the at least one operation is a non-linear operation, wherein the non-linear operation comprises a modulo operation and/or applying a sawtooth function to the signal processed by the respective signal manipulation path.

Non-linear operations applied to different signals processed by the signal manipulation paths may be different from each other, such that the resulting manipulated signals are distinguishable from each other, thereby further enhancing the obtainable SNR.

In an embodiment, different modulo operations and/or different sawtooth functions may be applied to different signals processed by the signal manipulation paths.

Another aspect of the present disclosure provides that the at least one operation, for example, is a non-linear operation, wherein the non-linear operation comprises applying a non-linear function to the signal processed by the respective signal manipulation path. Like described above, non-linear operations applied to different signals processed by the signal manipulation paths may be different from each other, such that the resulting manipulated signals are distinguishable from each other, thereby further enhancing the obtainable SNR.

In an embodiment, different non-linear functions may be applied to different signals processed by the signal manipulation paths.

In an embodiment, the non-linear function may correspond to a mapping of the signal processed by the respective signal manipulation path to a spiral, for example wherein signals processed by different signal manipulation paths are mapped to different spirals or to different spiral arms.

In an embodiment, the different spirals or the different spiral arms are non-intersecting, such that the resulting manipulated signals are distinguishable from each other, thereby further enhancing the obtainable SNR.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the electro-optical convertors are configured to generate the manipulated optical signals by an amplitude modulation, by a phase modulation, and/or by a frequency modulation, respectively. For example, the electro-optical convertors are configured to modulate the respective RF signal, i.e. the received RF signal or the manipulated signal, onto light by an amplitude modulation, by a phase modulation, and/or by a frequency modulation.

Accordingly, the electro-optical convertors may be established as an electro-optical modulator, respectively. In an embodiment, any suitable electro-optical modulator known in the state of the art may be used.

In an embodiment, the optical transmitter system may further comprise a light source and a beam splitter. The light source is configured to emit coherent light, and the electro-optical convertors are connected to the light source by the beam splitter. Thus, all electro-optical convertors receive light from the same light source and convert the respective RF signal into the converted optical signal based on the light received from the light source.

In an embodiment, the electro-optical convertors may be configured to modulate the light received from the light source based on the respective RF signal.

For example, the light source may be established as a laser.

In an embodiment, the optical transmitter system may further comprise an optical receiver module, wherein the optical receiver module is configured to receive the manipulated optical signals, and wherein the optical receiver module is configured to convert the manipulated optical signals into RF signals, for example wherein the optical receiver module is configured to digitize the RF signals. In general, the optical receiver module may be configured to reconstruct the received RF signal and/or a symbol sequence comprised in the received RF signal based on the received manipulated optical signals.

In an embodiment, the optical receiver module may be configured to revert the adaptations to the received RF signal performed by the signal manipulation paths, such that the received RF signal is reconstructed.

For example, the optical receiver module may be connected with the signal manipulation paths and/or with the optical combiner described above via at least one optical fiber, for example via a plurality of optical fibers.

In an embodiment, the optical receiver module may be provided at a target location, i.e. at a location to which the received RF signal is to be transmitted. Thus, the optical signal transmitter system according to the present disclosure allows for transmitting the RF signal from a reception point, e.g. from an antenna, to the target location with minimal losses and with a high SNR.

Embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a signal transmission method. In an embodiment, the signal transmission method comprises receiving, by an RF receiver circuit, an RF signal, forwarding the received RF signals to at least two signal manipulation paths, and processing the received RF signals by the at least two signal manipulation paths, thereby obtaining at least two manipulated optical signals.

In an embodiment, processing the received RF signals comprises adapting, by a signal manipulation unit, a signal processed by the respective signal manipulation path based on at least one operation to obtain a manipulated signal. Processing the received RF signals further comprises converting, by an electro-optical convertor, a signal processed by the respective signal manipulation path into a corresponding converted optical signal.

In an embodiment, the optical transmitter system described above is configured to perform any one of the signal transmission methods described herein.

Regarding the further advantages and properties of the signal transmission method, reference is made to the explanations given above with respect to the optical transmitter system, which also hold for the signal transmission method and vice versa.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of the claimed subject matter will become more readily appreciated as the same become better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 schematically shows an optical transmitter system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 shows an example embodiment of the optical transmitter system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a signal manipulation path of the optical transmitter system of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the signal manipulation path;

FIG. 5 shows an example flow chart of a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6A shows a first diagram illustrating a step of the method of FIG. 5;

FIG. 6B shows a second diagram illustrating a step of the method of FIG. 5; and

FIG. 6C shows a third diagram illustrating a step of the method of FIG. 5.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings, where like numerals reference like elements, is intended as a description of various embodiments of the disclosed subject matter and is not intended to represent the only embodiments. Each embodiment described in this disclosure is provided merely as an example or illustration and should not be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The illustrative examples provided herein are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the claimed subject matter to the precise forms disclosed.

FIG. 1 schematically shows an example of an optical transmitter system 10 for receiving and transmitting RF signals. As shown in FIG. 1, the optical transmitter system 10 comprises an RF receiver circuit 12 that is configured to receive an RF signal.

For example, the RF receiver circuit 12 may be connected with an RF antenna 14, and may receive the RF signal from the RF antenna 14. In a certain example, the RF antenna 14 may be a ship antenna that is used for communication and/or for locating objects such as other ships.

However, it is to be understood that the optical transmitter system 10 may be integrated in other systems, for example in measurement systems in order to transmit signals between a measurement instrument and external frontends, or in satellite communication systems in order to transmit RF signals to be transmitted from a base station to a satellite antenna and/or vice versa.

Therein and in the following, the terms “module” and “circuit” are understood to describe suitable hardware, or a combination of hardware and software that is configured to have a certain functionality, if the respective module or circuit is configured to operate on electrical signals. The hardware may, inter alia, comprise a CPU, a GPU, an FPGA, an ASIC, or other types of electronic circuitry. If the respective module is configured to operate on optical signals, the term “module” is understood to denote an optical component or a combination of optical components that is/are configured to perform the described functionality.

Downstream of the RF receiver circuit 12, a plurality of signal manipulation paths 16 are provided, i.e. at least two signal manipulation paths 16. The RF receiver circuit 12 is configured to forward the received RF signal to the signal manipulation paths 16, for example to each of the signal manipulation paths 16. The signal manipulation paths 16 are configured to process the received RF signal, respectively, thereby obtaining a manipulated optical signal, respectively.

It is noted that in FIG. 1 electrical signals are denoted by drawn through arrows, while optical signals are denoted by dotted arrows.

Optionally, the optical transmitter system 10 may comprise an optical combiner module 18 that is provided downstream of the signal manipulation paths 16. The optical combiner module 18 is configured to combine the manipulated optical signals so as to obtain a combined manipulated optical signal. For example, the optical combiner module 18 is configured to superpose the manipulated signals, thereby obtaining the combined manipulated optical signal.

Downstream of the optical combiner module 18, an optical receiver module 20 is provided that is connected with the optical combiner module 18 in a signal-transmitting manner, for example via at least one optical fiber. The optical receiver module 20 may be provided at a target location, i.e. at a location to which the RF signal received via the RF receiver circuit 12 is to be transmitted. Referring to the examples given above, the optical receiver module 20 may be provided at or in a measurement instrument, on a bridge of a ship, at a satellite antenna, or at a satellite communication base station. The optical receiver module 20 is configured to receive the manipulated optical signals, and is configured to convert the manipulated optical signals into RF signals. In an embodiment, the optical receiver module 20 is configured to digitize the RF signals and/or reconstruct the RF signal received via the RF receiver circuit 12.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the optical transmitter system 10 in more detail. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the optical transmitter system 10 comprises four signal manipulation paths 16. However, it is to be understood that the optical transmitter system 10 may comprise any other suitable number of signal manipulation paths 16, for example 2, 3, 6, 8, or any other number.

In an embodiment, each signal manipulation path 16 comprises a signal manipulation module 22. The signal manipulation modules 22 are connected to the RF receiver circuit 12 so as to receive the received RF signal.

In the example embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the signal manipulation modules 22 each comprise a first signal manipulation unit 24. Moreover, all signal manipulation modules 22 but one comprise a second signal manipulation unit 26.

In an embodiment, an arbitrary number of the signal manipulation paths 16 may comprise a signal manipulation module 22, and an arbitrary number of the signal manipulation modules 22 may comprise a first signal manipulation unit 24 and/or a second signal manipulation unit 26.

The functionality of the first signal manipulation unit 24 and of the second signal manipulation unit 26 will be described in more detail below.

Downstream of the signal manipulation modules 22, a convertor module 28 is provided. The convertor module 28 comprises a plurality of electro-optical convertors 30. For example, the convertor module 28 comprises one electro-optical convertor 30 for each of the signal manipulation paths 16. Therein, the electro-optical convertors 30 are provided downstream of the signal manipulation modules 22.

In an embodiment, the convertor module 28 further comprises a light source 32 and a beam splitter 34 being connected with the light source 32. In general, the light source 32 is configured to emit coherent light. For example, the light source 32 may be established as a laser.

The beam splitter 34 is connected with the electro-optical convertors 30, for example with each of the electro-optical convertors 30. The beam splitter 34 is configured to receive light from the light source 32, and to forward the received light to the electro-optical convertors 30.

In general, the electro-optical convertors 30 are configured to convert RF signals received from components upstream of the respective signal manipulation path 16 into corresponding optical signals. For example, the electro-optical convertors 30 may be configured to modulate the received RF signal onto the light received from the light source 32 via the beam splitter 34. In other words, the electro-optical convertors 30 may be established as electro-optical modulators.

Optionally, the convertor module 28 may comprise one or several phase-shifting units 36 that is/are provided downstream of the respectively associated electro-optical convertor 30. In an embodiment, the phase-shifting units 36 are configured to shift the phase of the respective optical signal received from the associated electro-optical convertor 30 by a predetermined phase shift, e.g. by π/2.

Optionally, the convertor module 28 may further comprise one or several polarization-shifting units 38 that is/are provided downstream of the respectively associated electro-optical convertor 30. In an embodiment, the polarization-shifting units 38 are configured to shift the polarization of the respective optical signal received from the associated electro-optical convertor 30 in a predetermined manner.

FIG. 3 shows a signal manipulation path 16 of the example embodiment of the optical transmitter system 10 shown in FIG. 2, wherein the electro-optical convertor 30 is provided downstream of the signal manipulation module 22. Thus, in this case the signal manipulation module 22 is configured to operate in the electrical domain.

FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the signal manipulation path 16, wherein the electro-optical convertor 30 is provided upstream of the signal manipulation module 22. Thus, in this case the signal manipulation module 22 is configured to operate in the optical domain.

Without restriction of generality, the explanations hereinafter refer to the optical transmitter system 10 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. However, it is to be understood that the explanations given hereinafter likewise apply to the variant shown in FIG. 4, with the appropriate adaptations.

The optical transmitter system 10 described above is configured to perform a signal transmission method, an example of which is described in the following with reference to FIG. 5.

An RF signal is received by the RF receiver circuit 12 (step S1).

In general, the RF signal may have a frequency of up to several ten GHz, for example up to several hundred GHz, and/or a bandwidth up to several ten GHz, e.g. up to 50 GHz or above.

In an embodiment, the received RF signal may comprise a first symbol sequence corresponding to information to be transmitted.

The received RF signal is forwarded to each of the signal manipulation paths 16 by the RF receiver circuit 12 (step S2). The received RF signal is processed by the signal manipulation paths 16 in parallel, thereby obtaining a plurality of manipulated optical signals (step S3).

Therein, processing of the received RF signal by the respective signal manipulation path 16 comprises processing of the received RF signal by the signal manipulation module 22.

In an embodiment, in each signal manipulation path 16 comprising a first signal manipulation unit 24, a linear operation may be applied to the received RF signal by the first signal manipulation unit 24. The linear operation may comprises applying a linear factor to the received RF signal. The linear factor may be greater than 1, i.e. a gain may be applied to the signal processed by the respective signal manipulation path. Alternatively, the linear factor may be smaller than 1, i.e. the received RF signal may be attenuated.

The linear factor may be different for each of the signal manipulation paths 16. In an embodiment, the linear factor increases exponentially between different signal manipulation paths 16.

For example, in a first one of the signal manipulation paths 16, the linear factor may be equal to a⁰=1, wherein a is an arbitrary gain factor. In a second one of the signal manipulation paths 16, the linear factor may be equal to a¹=a. In a third one of the signal manipulation paths 16, the linear factor may be equal to a², etc. up to a linear factor a^N-1for the N-th signal manipulation path 16. However, it is also conceivable that the same linear factor is applied in all signal manipulation paths 16.

Alternatively or additionally to applying the linear operation to the received RF signal, in each signal manipulation path 16 comprising a second signal manipulation unit 26, a non-linear operation may be applied to the received RF signal by the second signal manipulation unit 26. In general, the non-linear operation corresponds to a non-linear function being applied to the received RF signal by the second signal manipulation unit 26.

As a result of splitting the received RF signal into N signal manipulation paths 16 and processing the received RF signal by the signal manipulation modules 22, N manipulated signals y₁, . . . , y_nare obtained. In other words, parallel processing of the received RF signal by the N signal manipulation paths 16 or by the signal manipulation modules 22 corresponds to an N-dimensional mapping

$u \to (y_{1} (u), y_{2} (u), \dots, y_{n} (u)) .$

Therein, u corresponds to the received RF signal, for example wherein u is the amplitude of the received RF signal. The y_idenote a linear or a non-linear function, respectively, that is applied to the received RF signal by the respective signal manipulation module 22.

Thus, as the received RF signal comprises the first symbol sequence, the manipulated signals y_i(u) respectively comprise a symbol sequence being associated with the first symbol sequence. In other words, each of the manipulated signals y_i(u) comprises information on the first symbol sequence.

In a certain example, the non-linear operation comprises a modulo operation and/or applying a sawtooth function to the received RF signal. This embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B, wherein FIG. 6A shows an example mapping of the received RF signal to a two-dimensional modulo function, i.e. to a two-dimensional sawtooth function. In this example, the non-linear operation is a mapping u→(y₁(u), y₂(u)). Thus, in this case N may be equal to 2.

FIG. 6B shows a further example mapping of the received RF signal to a three-dimensional modulo-function. In this example, the non-linear operation is a mapping u→(y₁(u), y₂(u), y₃(u)). Thus, in this case N may be equal to 3.

FIG. 6C shows a further exemplary mapping of the received RF signal to a spiral, for example to an Archimedes spiral. In this example, the non-linear operation is a mapping u→(y₁(u), y₂(u)). Thus, in this case N may be equal to 2.

The functions y₁(u) and y₂(u) are given by

$f_{1} (u) = \sqrt{\frac{Δ ❘ u ❘}{c π^{2}}} \cdot sign (u) \cdot \cos (\sqrt{\frac{Δ ❘ u ❘}{c \cdot Δ}}),$

$f_{2} (u) = \sqrt{\frac{Δ ❘ u ❘}{c π^{2}}} \cdot sign (u) \cdot \sin (\sqrt{\frac{Δ ❘ u ❘}{c \cdot Δ}}) .$

Therein, c and Δ are constants. In the example shown in FIG. 6C, c is equal to 0.16 and Δ is equal to 0.2. However, it is to be understood that the parameters c and Δ can be tuned arbitrarily.

The manipulated signals are forwarded to the respectively associated electro-optical convertors 30. The electro-optical convertors 30 convert the manipulated signals into corresponding manipulated optical signals.

In an embodiment, the electro-optical convertors 30 may modulate the light received from the light source 32 based on the respective manipulated signal.

In an embodiment, the electro-optical convertors 30 may modulate the respective manipulated signal onto the light received from the light source 32 based on the manipulated signal by an amplitude modulation, by a phase modulation, and/or by a frequency modulation.

Therein, the resulting manipulated optical signals may be associated with different optical channels, i.e. different manipulated optical signals may be transmitted on different optical fibers, with different polarizations within an optical fiber, with different IQ planes on a polarization, as different modes within an optical fiber, and/or with different wavelengths (i.e. with different “color”).

In an embodiment, the different optical channels may be independent of each other, i.e. pairwise orthogonal.

It is noted that each of the manipulated optical signals may comprise a symbol sequence being associated with the first symbol sequence comprised in the received RF signal. In other words, each of the manipulated optical signals may comprise information on the first symbol sequence, such that the first symbol sequence could be reconstructed based on each of the manipulated optical signals alone.

Optionally, the manipulated optical signals are combined, for example superposed, by the optical combiner module 18, thereby obtaining a combined manipulated optical signal (step S4).

Without restriction of generality, this case is assumed in the following.

The combined manipulated optical signal is transmitted to the optical receiver module 20.

The combined manipulated optical signal or the manipulated optical signals comprised in the combined manipulated optical signal are converted into corresponding RF signals by the optical receiver module 20 (step S5).

In an embodiment, the optical receiver module 20 may digitize the RF signals.

In an embodiment, the optical receiver module 20 may revert the adaptations to the received RF signal performed by the signal manipulation paths, such that the received RF signal is reconstructed.

For this purpose, the optical receiver module 20 may map the received (possibly noisy) combined manipulated optical signal z comprising individual manipulated optical signals or the corresponding converted RF signals to the nearest matching point ({tilde over (y)}₁, . . . , {tilde over (y)}_N) on a manifold defined by (y₁(u), y₂(u), . . . , y_N(u)).

Based on this nearest matching point, the originally received RF signal can be reconstructed according to u=y₁⁻¹({tilde over (y)}₁), u=₂⁻¹({tilde over (y)}₂), etc.

For example, the original RF signal u may be reconstructed such that an overall error associated with the equations u=y_i⁻¹({tilde over (y)}_i) is minimized, e.g. by a least squares technique.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein include systems, apparatus, modules, units, devices, components, etc., that utilize circuitry (e.g., one or more circuits) in order to implement standards, protocols, methodologies or technologies disclosed herein, operably couple two or more components, generate information, process information, analyze information, generate signals, encode/decode signals, convert signals, transmit and/or receive signals, control other devices, etc. Circuitry of any type can be used. It will be appreciated that the term “information” can be use synonymously with the term “signals” in this paragraph. It will be further appreciated that the terms “circuitry,” “circuit,” “one or more circuits,” etc., can be used synonymously herein.

In an embodiment, circuitry includes, among other things, one or more computing devices such as a processor (e.g., a microprocessor), a central processing unit (CPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a system on a chip (SoC), or the like, or any combinations thereof, and can include discrete digital or analog circuit elements or electronics, or combinations thereof. In an embodiment, circuitry includes hardware circuit implementations (e.g., implementations in analog circuitry, implementations in digital circuitry, and the like, and combinations thereof).

In an embodiment, circuitry includes combinations of circuits and computer program products having software or firmware instructions stored on one or more computer readable memories that work together to cause a device to perform one or more protocols, methodologies or technologies described herein. In an embodiment, circuitry includes circuits, such as, for example, microprocessors or portions of microprocessor, that require software, firmware, and the like for operation. In an embodiment, circuitry includes an implementation comprising one or more processors or portions thereof and accompanying software, firmware, hardware, and the like.

For example, the functionality described herein can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based computer systems or circuits, etc., or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. Each of these special purpose hardware-based computer systems or circuits, etc., or combinations of special purpose hardware circuits and computer instructions form specifically configured circuits, machines, apparatus, devices, etc., capable of implemented the functionality described herein.

Of course, in some embodiments, two or more of these components, or parts thereof, can be integrated or share hardware and/or software, circuitry, etc. In some embodiments, these components, or parts thereof, may be grouped in a single location or distributed over a wide area. In circumstances where the components are distributed, the components are accessible to each other via communication links.

In some embodiments, one or more of the components, such as the signal manipulation module 22 referenced above include circuitry programmed to carry out one or more steps of any of the methods disclosed herein. In some embodiments, one or more computer-readable media associated with or accessible by such circuitry contains computer readable instructions embodied thereon that, when executed by such circuitry, cause the component or circuitry to perform one or more steps of any of the methods disclosed herein.

In some embodiments, the computer readable instructions includes applications, programs, program modules, scripts, source code, program code, object code, byte code, compiled code, interpreted code, machine code, executable instructions, and/or the like (also referred to herein as executable instructions, instructions for execution, program code, computer program instructions, and/or similar terms used herein interchangeably).

In some embodiments, computer-readable media is any medium that stores computer readable instructions, or other information non-transitorily and is directly or indirectly accessible to a computing device, such as processor circuitry, etc., or other circuitry disclosed herein etc. In other words, a computer-readable medium is a non-transitory memory at which one or more computing devices can access instructions, codes, data, or other information. As a non-limiting example, a computer-readable medium may include a volatile random access memory (RAM), a persistent data store such as a hard disk drive or a solid-state drive, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, memory can be integrated with a processor, separate from a processor, or external to a computing system.

Accordingly, blocks of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations support various combinations for performing the specified functions, combinations of operations for performing the specified functions and program instructions for performing the specified functions. These computer program instructions may be loaded onto one or more computer or computing devices, such as special purpose computer(s) or computing device(s) or other programmable data processing apparatus(es) to produce a specifically-configured machine, such that the instructions which execute on one or more computer or computing devices or other programmable data processing apparatus implement the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks and/or carry out the methods described herein. Again, it should also be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, or portions thereof, could be implemented by special purpose hardware-based computer systems or circuits, etc., that perform the specified functions or operations, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.

It should now be appreciated that some embodiments of the present disclosure, or portions thereof, have been described in the general context of computer code or machine-useable instructions, including computer-executable instructions such as program modules, being executed by a computing system, or other machine or machines. Some of these embodiments or others may be implemented using a variety of system configurations, including handheld devices, consumer electronics, general-purpose computers, more specialty computing devices, etc. Embodiments described herein may also be implemented in distributed computing environments, using remote-processing devices that are linked through a communications network or the Internet.

In the foregoing description, specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of representative embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art, however, that the embodiments disclosed herein may be practiced without embodying all of the specific details. In some instances, well-known process steps have not been described in detail in order not to unnecessarily obscure various aspects of the present disclosure.

In the detailed description herein, references to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “an example embodiment”, etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. In addition, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described. After reading the description, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art(s) how to implement the disclosure in alternative embodiments. Thus, it will be appreciated that embodiments of the present disclosure may employ any combination of features described herein. All such combinations or sub-combinations of features are within the scope of the present disclosure.

Although the method and various embodiments thereof have been described as performing sequential steps, the claimed subject matter is not intended to be so limited. As nonlimiting examples, the described steps need not be performed in the described sequence and/or not all steps are required to perform the method. Moreover, embodiments are contemplated in which various steps are performed in parallel, in series, and/or a combination thereof. As such, one of ordinary skill will appreciate that such examples are within the scope of the claimed embodiments.

The present application may reference quantities and numbers. Unless specifically stated, such quantities and numbers are not to be considered restrictive, but exemplary of the possible quantities or numbers associated with the present application. Also in this regard, the present application may use the term “plurality” to reference a quantity or number. In this regard, the term “plurality” is meant to be any number that is more than one, for example, two, three, four, five, etc. The terms “about,” “approximately,” “near,” etc., mean plus or minus 5% of the stated value. For the purposes of the present disclosure, the phrase “at least one of A and B” is equivalent to “A and/or B” or vice versa, namely “A” alone, “B” alone or “A and B.”. Similarly, the phrase “at least one of A, B, and C,” for example, means (A), (B), (C), (A and B), (A and C), (B and C), or (A, B, and C), including all further possible permutations when greater than three elements are listed.

Throughout this specification, terms of art may be used. These terms are to take on their ordinary meaning in the art from which they come, unless specifically defined herein or the context of their use would clearly suggest otherwise.

The drawings in the FIGURES are not to scale. Similar elements are generally denoted by similar references in the FIGURES. For the purposes of this disclosure, the same or similar elements may bear the same references. Furthermore, the presence of reference numbers or letters in the drawings cannot be considered limiting, even when such numbers or letters are indicated in the claims.

The principles, representative embodiments, and modes of operation of the present disclosure have been described in the foregoing description. However, aspects of the present disclosure which are intended to be protected are not to be construed as limited to the particular embodiments disclosed. Further, the embodiments described herein are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. It will be appreciated that variations and changes may be made by others, and equivalents employed, without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it is expressly intended that all such variations, changes, and equivalents fall within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, as claimed.

OPTICAL TRANSMITTER SYSTEM AND SIGNAL TRANSMISSION METHOD

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