By way of example, disclosed embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
The disclosed embodiments relate to a system and method for dynamically controlling magnetic roll speed in a development apparatus. The development apparatus may be put to effective use in monochrome or color printing systems of the types found in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,167,226 to Matalevich and U.S. Pat. No. 6,665,510 to Hirsch, the pertinent portions of which patents are incorporated herein by reference. Referring to
The development apparatus, designated with the numeral 10, comprises a reservoir 12 containing developer material. The developer material is of the two component type in that such material comprises carrier granules and toner particles. The reservoir includes augers, indicated at 14, which are rotatably-mounted in the reservoir chamber. The augers 14 serve to transport and agitate the material within the reservoir, thus encouraging the toner particles to charge triboelectrically and adhere to the carrier granules. A magnetic brush roll 16 transports developer material from the reservoir to the loading nips 18, 20 of two donor rolls 22, 24.
Magnetic brush rolls are well known, so the construction of roll 16 need not be described in great detail. Briefly the roll comprises a rotatable tubular housing within which is located a stationary magnetic cylinder having a plurality of magnetic poles impressed around its surface. The carrier granules of the developer material are magnetic and, as the tubular housing of the roll 16 rotate, the granules (with toner particles adhering triboelectrically thereto) are attracted to the roll 16 and conveyed to the donor roll loading nips 18, 20. A metering blade (not shown) removes excess developer material from the magnetic brush roll and ensures an even depth of coverage with developer material before arrival at the first donor roll loading nip 18. At each of the donor roll loading nips 18, 20, toner particles are transferred from the magnetic brush roll 16 to the donor rolls 22, 24.
Each donor roll transports the toner to a respective development zone 28, 30 through which a photoconductive belt 32 passes. Transfer of toner from the magnetic brush roll 16 to the donor rolls 22, 24 can be facilitated by, for example, the application of a suitable D.C. (and/or A.C.) electrical bias to the magnetic brush and/or donor rolls. The D.C. bias (for example, approximately 70 V applied to the magnetic roll) establishes an electrostatic field between the donor roll and magnetic brush rolls, which field causes toner particles to be attracted to the donor roll from the carrier granules on the magnetic roll.
The carrier granules and any toner particles that remain on the magnetic brush roll 16 are returned to the reservoir 12 as the magnetic brush continues to rotate. The relative amounts of toner transferred from the magnetic brush roll 16 to the donor rolls 22, 24 can be adjusted, for example by: applying different bias voltages to the donor rolls; adjusting the magnetic brush to donor roll spacing; adjusting the strength and shape of the magnetic field at the loading nips and/or adjusting the relative speeds between the donor rolls and the magnetic roll.
At each of the development zones 28, 30, toner is transferred from the respective donor rolls 22, 24 to the latent image on the belt 32 to form a toner powder image on the latter. Various methods of achieving an adequate transfer of toner from a donor roll to a photoconductive surface are known and any of those may be employed at the development zones 28, 30.
In
The applied AC establishes an alternating electrostatic field between each pair of wires and the respective donor roll, which is effective in detaching toner from the surface of the donor roll and forming a toner cloud about the wires, the height of the cloud being such as not to be substantially in contact with the belt 32. The magnitude of the AC voltage in the order of 200 to 500 volts peak at frequency ranging from about 8 kHz to about 16 kHz. A DC bias supply (not shown) applied to donor rolls 22, 24 establishes electrostatic fields between the photoconductive belt 32 and donor rolls for attracting the detached toner particles from the clouds surrounding the wires to the latent image recorded on the photoconductive surface of the belt 32.
As successive electrostatic latent images are developed, the toner particles within the developer material are depleted. A toner dispenser (not shown) stores a supply of toner particles. The toner dispenser is in communication with reservoir 12 and, as the concentration of toner particles in the developer material is decreased, fresh toner particles are furnished to the developer material in the reservoir. The auger 14 in the reservoir chamber mixes the fresh toner particles with the remaining developer material so that the resultant developer material therein is substantially uniform with the concentration of toner particles being optimized. In this way, a substantially constant amount of toner particles is in the reservoir. The two-component developer used in the apparatus of
At each of the development zones 28, 30, toner is transferred from the respective donor rolls 22, 24 to the latent image on the belt 32 to form a toner powder image on the latter. Various methods of achieving an adequate transfer of toner from a donor roll to a photoconductive surface are known and any of those may be employed at the development zones 28, 30.
As is known, the control system on the “front end” of a printing system is often referred to as a digital front end (DFE). As will appear, the disclosed embodiments exploit information regarding reload defects to control the magnetic roll speed in the development apparatus 10. Commercially available DFEs for electrophotographic machines have the ability to generate low resolution images that may be used for reload sensitivity evaluation. Further detailed description of the reload defect sensitivity detector may be obtained from the above-referenced U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/090,727.
Referring still to
The reload defect sensitivity detector 42 operates to compare the geometry and coverage of source and destination areas approximately one donor roll distance apart to determine whether a reload defect is possible, and possibly to what extent the defect may occur. This analysis can be done at various granularities. For instance, it is possible to generate a reload sensitivity for each page in a customer's document. Alternatively, multiple pages could be grouped together in the analysis such that fewer output sensitivity samples were generated. In an electrophotographic system having two donor rolls, the reload defect detector evaluates source and destination areas of the scan image at a donor roll distance corresponding to each donor roll. The donor roll distances vary from one another because of variations in the rotational speeds of the two donor rolls. In one example, the reload defect detector 42 can generate a signal to the magnetic roll speed selector 48 that indicates whether or not a reload defect is likely to occur on a page corresponding to a latent image to be developed by the development system. In a two donor roll system, the reload defect detector 42 may generate a signal indicating a reload defect is likely in response to a reload defect evaluation at either donor roll. Alternatively, the signal may be one that indicates the expected magnitude of reload defect that will occur. This more continuous measure of the reload sensitivity may reflect the likelihood that a reload defect, though produced by the electrophotographic system, may not be severe enough to be visible to a user. For example, if the image causing a reload defect is rendered with a light tint or has little spatial extent, the amount of toner involved may be so small that the defect is not visible. Another alternative is that the signal be a vector of values that represents the predicted reload magnitude at various magnetic roll speed settings.
The magnetic roll speed selector 48 (
The signal generated by the reload defect detector 42 may take a variety of forms. For example, the reload defect detector may generate an analog signal indicative of an expected reload defect potential in the image to be developed by the electrophotographic system. The voltage of the signal may indicate the likelihood or the expected magnitude of a reload defect that will occur from developing an image. Alternatively, the reload defect detector may generate a digital signal that indicates a reload defect potential in the image to be developed by the electrophotographic system. The digital signal may be a binary signal or a digital value that is indicative of a likelihood or of a predicted magnitude for the reload defect. The binary signal indicates whether a reload defect is likely to occur or not. The digital value is a multi-bit data word that may be used to quantify the potential or possibly the expected magnitude for the reload defect. The greater the digital value, the higher the speed at which the magnetic roll is driven to ensure acceptable reload performance in the output prints.
The magnetic roll speed selector 48 may generate a current signal corresponding to a rotational speed magnitude. This current signal may be provided to the motor drive for the magnetic brush roll 16. The greater the magnitude of the current, the higher the speed at which the magnetic roll is driven. The magnetic roll speed selector may alternatively generate an analog signal, the voltage of which corresponds to a desired rotational speed magnitude. That is, the voltage for the generated signal may be a control signal for the low-level magnetic roll speed controller. The magnetic roll speed controller would then be responsible for performing the necessary actions to maintain the desired speed of the magnetic roll based on the given input signal. Alternative implementations could involve serial or other communications protocols being used to transmit the desired speed from the magnetic roll speed selector 48 to the low-level motor drive controller for the magnetic roll.
The magnetic roll speed selector 48 may generate a digital signal corresponding to a rotational speed magnitude for the magnetic roll. The digital signal may be a binary signal or a digital value. When the digital signal is a binary signal, the state of the signal determines whether the magnetic roll is driven at a high speed or a low speed. In one embodiment, the low speed for the magnetic roll is 317 mm/second and the high speed is 1268 mm/second, although other speeds may be selected. Preferably, the low speed, which is selected in response to the reload defect not being likely, is approximately 25% of the high speed that is used to attenuate or prevent reload defects for substantially all input image content.
When the magnetic roll of a development system is operated at a low speed that is approximately 25% of the high speed used to counteract reload defects, the operational life of the development system may be extended considerably. A magnetic roll speed selector 48 that generates a digital value may generate a value corresponding with a magnetic roll speed in a predetermined range of magnetic roll speeds. In this embodiment, the speed signal may be used to adjust the speed of the magnetic roll in a way that accounts for the magnitude of the reload defect, the number of potential reload defects per page, the predicted objectionability of the expected reload occurrences, or the like. That is, the speed of the magnetic roll may be controlled in such a way as to address the reload defect that is determined likely to occur (as opposed to the worst case scenario anticipated by the high magnetic roll speed). This worst case scenario may occur when a solid area is followed by a midlevel halftone separated from the original solid area by the equivalent of one donor roll revolution.
An improved approach for operating the development system 10 is shown in
Referring to
Referring still to
M
reload(k)=f[I(k),Yreload(m)] (1)
As contemplated, the algorithm would use the reload defect feedback function to suitably modify the algorithm disclosed by the above-mentioned '098 patent Application. In this way, the result of the algorithm of the '098 patent Application would vary not only as a function of input digital image content, but as a function of output load performance.
Referring to
Referring to
ωmag(k)=Kff[Yreload(m)]Mreload(k) (2)
For the above described ways of
As an illustrative example, the functional relationship of (1) could be extended to include more samples of the reload performance as follows:
M
reload(k)=f[I(k),α0Yreload(m),α1Yreload(m−1), . . . ,αN-1Yreload(m−N−1)] (3)
K
ff
=f(Yreload(m)) (4)
This relationship could be extended to include multiple samples of the reload performance by way of the following expression:
K
ff
=f(α0Yreload(m),α0Yreload(m−1), . . . ,αN-1Yreload(m−N−1)) (5)
Referring to
Depending on the process parameters of the host print engine, the sampling of output reload performance may vary as a function of various factors. For slowly drifting process parameters, it is contemplated that an experiment could be used to assess current reload performance. This experiment might include developing a series of patches (both sources and targets) and varying magnetic roll speed while measuring output mass variations in the target patches (those where reload is expected to be noticed). This sort of experimental approach would not necessitate waste of paper, but would merely require a minimal amount of toner usage. This experiment might be run once a day or before each long job depending on the time constants of the process noises of interest. For example, the effects of carrier aging on reload performance might result in a long time constant effect and such effects on carrier aging could possibly be managed through a simple experiment in which current reload performance would be measured prior to running long print jobs.
For other process noises that affect reload and have faster time constants, it might be desirable to characterize reload performance “on-the-fly” during actual printing of the customer's job. In one contemplated approach, this might be achieved by skipping one or more pitches (not printing pages) while the required patches were printed and measuring the reload for various magnetic roll speeds. Even under this approach, the amount of time in which the host printing system skips pitches would be relatively small compared to the overall time required to print a typical job.
While it is contemplated that the disclosed embodiments can be implemented in situations where process parameters vary rapidly, implementation might, in many situations, be readily obtained with relatively longer time constants which tend to cause longer term drifts in the reload performance of the system. Thus, measurements associated with relatively longer time constants, such as measurements obtained during job setup or measurements obtained relatively infrequently from a customer's print job should suffice in providing the feedback required for the control systems of
Based on the above description, various aspects of the disclosed embodiments should now be apparent:
It will be appreciated that various ones of the above-disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be desirably combined into many other different systems or applications. Also that various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims. Unless specifically recited in a claim, steps or components of claims should not be implied or imported from the specification or any other claims as to any particular order, number, position, size, shape, angle, color, or material.
Cross-reference is made to the following co-pending, commonly assigned applications: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/090,727, filed on Mar. 25, 2005, by Julien et al., entitled “METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR REDUCING TONER ABUSE IN DEVELOPMENT SYSTEMS OF ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS;” and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/172,301 filed on Jun. 30, 2005, by Burry et al., entitled “FEED FORWARD MITIGATION OF DEVELOPMENT TRANSIENTS.”