Patent Application
20180328204
The present disclosure relates to an aerodynamic profile for a turbine vane.
In particular, the disclosure relates to the aerodynamic profile of a nozzle vane forming a portion of the stator of a gas turbine, and more particularly of a low pressure turbine of the type used in a turbojet of an aircraft.
The disclosure relates in particular to a nozzle vane of a turbine having a plurality of stages, preferably five stages.
Such a profile should enable the turbine to provide the desired efficiency, and in order to do that it must be such that the flow of air around the profile is sound over the working spectrum of the turbine, i.e. substantially such that it does not give rise to turbulence, which is harmful for overall efficiency.
It must be capable of being installed properly in the environment of the engine, and in particular, for a nozzle vane forming a portion of the stator of the turbine, it must be capable of being fastened easily to the sectors of the foot platform (the zone of the vane that is furthest from the axis of rotation of the turbine) and of the head platform (the zone that is closest to said axis). Furthermore, this part must present a profile enabling it to be manufactured in a reliable and cost-effective manner by available manufacturing methods, such as casting, forging, machining, additive fabrication, or else weaving, without this list being limitative.
Furthermore, the profile of the vane must enable it to withstand the mechanical stresses, to which the vane is subjected, by enabling those stresses to be spread over the entire vane in such a manner as to avoid premature wear thereof. This spreading must apply both in static mode and in dynamic mode.
An object of the disclosure is to propose an aerodynamic profile for a turbine vane that is optimized, and capable of satisfying those objectives.
This object is achieved by the fact that when cold and in a non-coated state, said profile is substantially identical to a nominal profile determined by the Cartesian coordinates X,Y,Zadim given in Table 1, in which the coordinate Zadim is the quotient D/H where D is the distance of the point P under consideration from a reference X,Y plane situated at the base of the nominal profile, and H is the height of said profile measured from said reference plane that is the intersection of the stacking axis of the vane and the axisymmetric surface of the hub, out to a second reference plane that is the intersection of said stacking axis with the axisymmetric surface of the casing, the measurements D and H being taken radially relative to the axis of the turbine, while the coordinate X is measured in the axial direction of the turbine.
This profile has been determined as a result of numerous tests and simulations. It is defined cold, i.e. at an ambient temperature of 20° C. That is a reference temperature at which the profile is geometrically determined. The above-mentioned objectives of aerodynamics and mechanical optimization are naturally valid for the conditions of use of this aerodynamic profile, i.e. when hot, at a temperature that is stabilized when the engine of which the turbine forms a part is being used under cruising conditions.
Furthermore, the aerodynamic profile of the disclosure is defined in the non-coated state. Since turbine vanes are subjected to high temperature gradients, it is common practice for them to be provided with a coating having thermal properties enabling them more easily to withstand such temperature variations. The profile is determined prior to installing such a coating.
It is stated above that the profile of the disclosure is “substantially identical” to the nominal profile. This means that the profile may depart very slightly from said nominal profile.
The aerodynamic profile is thus preferably defined within an envelope of ±1 millimeter (mm) in a direction normal to the surface of the nominal profile.
It is also preferable for the X,Y coordinates of the aerodynamic profile to lie within a range of ±5% relative to the X,Y coordinates of the nominal profile.
In addition, the aerodynamic profile may be positioned rotated within ±10°, particularly within ±5°, more particularly within ±3°, with respect to the radial axis of the vane, along which the coordinate Zadim is measured.
These variations take account in particular to at least one of manufacturing tolerances of the profile, the setting of the profile to adapt to the environment when in operation, and possible deformation occurring when mounting the vane and integrating the same in the nozzle.
With a nozzle vane, i.e. a portion of the stator of a turbine, the profile serves to orient the fluid correctly for the turbine blades that are situated downstream, and that belong in particular to the rotary wheel of the same stage of the turbine.
The disclosure can be better understood and its advantages appear better on reading the following detailed description of an embodiment given by way of non-limiting example. The description refers to the accompanying drawings, in which:
The turbine shown in axial section in
In
In known manner, the vanes of the nozzles are fastened at both ends to stationary structure portions, while the blades of the rotary wheels are fastened to a rotary disk via their roots that are formed at their radially-inner ends closer to the axis of the rotation A of the turbine. The disks forming parts of the wheels W1 to W5 are constrained to rotate together.
The disclosure relates a vane of one of the nozzles of the turbine that, as mentioned above, preferably comprises five stages as shown, without this number being limiting.
As best seen in
In
The nominal profile from which the aerodynamic profile of the disclosure is determined is defined in following Table 1 of coordinates, in which the coordinate Zadim, measured along the axis Z is non-dimensional, whereas the dimensions X and Y, respectively measured along the axes X and Y, are expressed in millimeters.
In the above Table 1, the plane Zadim=0 corresponds to the reference plane P0 situated at the base of the profile. This plane P0 is the intersection of the stacking axis AE of the set of vanes with the axisymmetric surface of the hub, i.e. it passes via the intersection between the axis AE and the surface where it is assembled with the inner shroud. The plane Zadim=1 corresponds to the reference plane P1 situated at the top of the profile. This plane P1 is the intersection between the axis AE and the axisymmetric surface of the casing, i.e. it passes via the intersection of the axis AE with the surface where it is assembled with the outer ring.
By convention, the stacking axis AE of a vane of a nozzle, is an axis that extends in the radial direction Z and is an axis on which the various X,Y sections of the set of vanes are “stacked” when designing the set of vanes.
As mentioned at the beginning of the present description, the aerodynamic profile of the disclosure is substantially identical to the nominal profile defined in the above table, i.e. it departs from said nominal profile by very little at most, being defined in particular within an envelope of ±1 mm in a direction normal to the surface of the nominal profile, and/or having X,Y coordinates lying within a range of ±5% relative to the coordinates X,Y of the nominal profile. Also, the aerodynamic profile is positioned rotated within ±10°, particularly within ±5°, more particularly within ±3°, with respect to the stacking axis of the vane. In other words, the stagger angle may vary by ±10°, particularly by ±5°, more particularly by ±3°.
The coordinate Zadim is non-dimensional, i.e. for a point P, situated at a distance D from the plane P0 (where D is measured along the axis Z), the value of Zadim is D/H, where H represents the total height of the profile as measured between the planes P0 and P1. Naturally, in the Table 1 above, by multiplying the coordinate Zadim by the height H, it is possible to obtain the complete coordinates of the vane.
By way of example, the total height H is preferably about 113 mm ±10%. By way of example, the plane P0 is situated at a distance of about 446 mm ±10% from the axis A.
In the above table, the profile is characterized by eighteen section planes at constant Zadim coordinates, for which the coordinates X and Y are specified. These eighteen section planes include eighteen section planes located between Zadim=0 and Zadim=1, and thus arranged in the fluid stream, these section planes being distributed from P0 to P1. The eighteen section planes also include four section planes which are substantially outside the fluid stream (two section planes with Zadim<0, and two section planes with Zadim>1), these four section planes being provided for ensuring geometric continuity of the stacking, close to the head and the foot, respectively. In each section plane at constant coordinate Zadim, the section of the profile is given by a continuous and smooth curve, interconnecting all of the points (X,Y). In each section plane, the profile is interpolated so as to generate a uniform profile. Between the section planes, the profile is to be interpolated so as to generate a complete vane, as homogeneous as possible.
It is advantageous for the nozzle that includes the vane of the disclosure to have 150 to 170 vanes, more particularly 160 vanes, that present aerodynamic profiles as defined above.
This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 62/504,556, filed on May 11, 2017, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62504556 | May 2017 | US |
