Patent Application
20150171134
Portable x-ray detectors are a fast growing market in the medical and industrial markets. Digital x-ray (DXR) detectors are typically fabricated on thick glass substrates. As a result, current portable products have a limited ruggedness specification, including a maximum 30 cm drop height. The glass substrate requires significant package thickness and weight to protect the fragile glass substrate from breaking. Trade-offs may be required to balance detector ruggedness against detector weight and thickness.
Therefore, the critical limitation for a highly portable, front-line deployed digital x-ray detector is the glass substrate. Display technologies such as e-readers and e-books offer the opportunity for a light-weight and rugged substrate. Many of the requirements for an active matrix display overlap with those for a digital x-ray detector. As a result, a flexible display has the potential to be integrated into a rugged digital x-ray detector. A flexible, unbreakable, thin substrate would enable thin, rugged, light-weight x-ray detectors and new processing capability that was not previously possible.
The present invention meets these and other needs by providing an optoelectronic device that includes a flexible substrate with electrical interconnects that penetrate through the substrate and allow electrical connections to the back side of the substrate.
Accordingly, in one aspect, the invention relates to an optoelectronic device. The optoelectronic device includes a flexible substrate, a thin film transistor (TFT) array disposed on a first surface of the flexible substrate, a photodiode layer disposed on the TFT array, and a plurality of data lines and scan lines connected to the TFT array and disposed on the first surface of the flexible substrate. The device further includes an electronics signal module assembly disposed on a second surface of the flexible substrate opposite the TFT array, and an interconnect disposed through the flexible substrate, connecting the data lines and scan lines to the electronics signal module assembly.
In the following description, like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views shown in the figures. It is also understood that terms such as “top,” “above,” “over,” “on,” and the like are words of convenience and are not to be construed as limiting terms.
One aspect of the invention is to provide a portable optoelectronic device, such as, but not limited to light emitting devices (LED), organic light emitting devices (OLED), photovoltaic devices, light imagers, light emitters, and x-ray detectors.
A general existing electro-optical (alternately optoelectronic) device 10 is as shown in
In a device with the glass substrate 14, the electrical connections from the active area 12 to the electronics 20 were formed through a flexible interconnect (alternately TAB bond) 20. The flexible interconnect 22 is bonded to the active array 12 in the front side of the substrate 14, and wraps around the edge of the substrate 14, substrate support 16, and the backscatter shielding 18 to connect to the electronics signal module assembly including the data module assembly 30 and scan module assembly 32 on the back side and further connect to the electronics 20 modules. The active area 12, substrate 14, and the electronics 20 are covered with a device outer cover (casing) 24. Supports and shock absorbing materials 26 are added inside the device casing 24 on the top, sides, and bottom to protect the substrate 14 glass from breakage.
A distance “d” between the outside of the outer casing 24 and the active area 12 is an important parameter indicating the useful utility of the active area for many imaging applications. Maximization of the available active area 12 may be aided by the minimum “d”. With the glass substrate 14, the distance d is increased by the flexible interconnect 22 as well as the panel supports 26. The thickness “t” of the device also increases by the support structures 26 and panel support 16. Replacing the glass substrate 14 with a flexible substrate would reduce the need for the panel support 16 and the support structures and shock absorbing materials.
In one embodiment of the present invention, an optoelectronic device 40 is disclosed as shown in
Suitable flexible substrate 34 includes a flexible sheet such as a thin plastic sheet, a composite plastic sheet, and metal foils. In one particular embodiment, the flexible substrate includes a polycarbonate. Examples of suitable materials for the flexible substrate are flexible glass, polymers, including polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene phthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polystyrenes, polycarbonates, polymethylmethacrylate, polyether sulfones, polyallylate, polyimides, polycycloolefins, norbornene resins, and fluoropolymers, metal foils, such as stainless steel, aluminum, silver and gold, metal oxides, such as titanium oxide and zinc oxide, and semiconductors such as silicon. Substrate material may include composite materials such as fiber reinforced plastic or carbon composites. Combinations of materials may also be used. By using an unbreakable material instead of a fragile glass substrate for the x-ray detector, the components and materials designed to absorb bending stress or drop shock can be reduced in size and weight or eliminated, and the overall weight and thickness of the detector can be reduced.
In one embodiment, the active area 12, substrate 14, and the electronics 20 are covered with a device outer casing 24. In an alternate embodiment, the electronics 20 may be disposed outside of the casing. Since the flexible substrate is made up of a shock resilient material, there is no need for additional mechanical support for the substrate 34 between upper casing 24 and active area 12, between the electronics assembly 20 and the lower casing 24, and between the substrate 34 and the casing 24 in the sides. There may be an optional backscatter shielding 18 disposed at the back of the flexible support 34 as shown in
In one embodiment, the active area 12 of the optoelectronic device 40 includes a thin film transistor (TFT) array 42 and a photodiode layer 44. In one embodiment, the TFT array 42 is disposed on the first surface of the flexible substrate 34 and the photodiode layer 44 is disposed on the TFT array 42. The TFT array 42 may include a plurality of thin film transistors arranged in a particular order on the first surface of the substrate 34. The thin film transistors of the TFT array may be arranged in a side by side manner or may be arranged with gaps in between the individual thin film transistors.
The photodiode layer may include a block of photodiode or may be having a plurality of individual photodiodes arranged in a layer form. The photodiode layer 44 may include organic photodiodes or inorganic photodiodes. Depending on the application and variations in design, the photodiode layer 44 may be of a single layer or may include multiple layers. Further, the photodiode layer 44 may be directly disposed on the TFT array 42 or the design may include one or more layers disposed between the photodiode layer 44 and the TFT array 42. In one embodiment, a plurality of photodiodes is arranged in the photodiode layer 44 on the TFT array 42. In one embodiment, the TFT array 42 is electrically connected to the photodiode layer 44.
Depending on the function of the optoelectronic device 40, there may be additional layers as a part of the active area 12. For example, in one embodiment, the optical device is a light imager. In one embodiment, the light imager is an x-ray detector having a scintillator material. In this embodiment, the scintillator material 46 may disposed on the photodiode layer 42.
In one particular embodiment, the optoelectronic device 40 is a portable x-ray detector and includes the scintillator layer 46 that is excited by an impinging x-ray and produces visible light. The scintillator layer 46 may be a monolithic scintillator or pixelated scintillator array. GOS (Gd2O2S) is a commonly used low cost scintillator, which is in the form of thin film with millimeter range thickness. Cesium Iodide (CsI) is another scintillator material that can be used for a high sensitivity scintillator, and may be deposited by thermal evaporation. Another scintillator that may be used is a PIB (particle in binder) scintillator, where scintillating particles may be incorporated in a binder matrix material and flattened on a substrate. The visible light generated by the scintillator irradiates the photodiode layer 44 disposed on the TFT array 42.
The visible light impinged on the photodiode layer 44 partially discharges capacitance of the diodes of the photodiode layer 44. The amount of photodiode discharge is proportional to the quantity of the incident light. Each pixel of the TFT array 42 incorporates a switching field effect transistor (FET) used to control when charge is restored to the photodiode capacitance. The charge required to restore the capacitance is provided and measured by external charge measurement circuitry. This circuitry, coupled with the TFT array 42, allows sequential scanning and readout of all photodiodes in the array 44. A custom A/D integrator/converter is normally used to measure the charge required to restore the photodiode to its initial un-discharged state. The magnitude of the discharge is proportional to the incident x-ray dose at each pixel integrated by both the scintillator layer 46 and the photodiode layer 44 during the length of the x-ray exposure. The final x-ray image is reconstructed pixel-by-pixel using the photodiode layer 44 discharge levels to set the image pixel intensity.
To provide and measure the charge required to restore the capacitance of the photodiodes by external circuitry, a plurality of data lines 52 and scan lines 54 may be connected to the TFT array 42 and disposed on the first surface of the flexible substrate, as shown in the top view of the TFT array 42 (without showing any of the other active layers on top of TFT array 42) depicted in
The data lines 52 and the scan lines 54 need to be connected to the data module assembly 30 and scan module assembly 32 respectively (
There may be a plurality of through via 56 disposed on the substrate 34 depending on the requirement. The through via's 56 used for the data information (including data signal) transfer to the data module assembly 30 and the scan information (including scan signal) to the scan module assembly 32 may be the same or different. For example, one set of through via's 56 may be exclusively used for the transmission of the data line 52 information to the data module assembly 30, and another set of through via's 56 may be used for the transmission of the scan line 54 information to the scan module assembly 32. An interconnect 58 (
The through via 56 on the flexible substrate 34 may be disposed anywhere on the substrate 34. In one embodiment, the through via 56 is near an edge portion of the flexible substrate 34, and therefore, the interconnect 58 is disposed near an edge portion of the substrate, away from the active area 12. In an alternate embodiment, the through via 56 and the interconnect 58 are disposed in the array portion (not shown) of the flexible substrate 34 where the TFT array 42 is disposed.
In one embodiment of an optoelectronic device 40 having a flexible substrate 34, a clearance between the casing 24 and the flexible substrate 34 at a direction perpendicular to the through via 56 (and parallel to the substrate 34 first surface and second surface) is less than about 0.5 mm. In one embodiment, the distance d between the outer part of casing 24 and the active area 12 is less than about 5 millimeter.
This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
