Patent Application
20140010872
The present invention relates to an oral complex composition comprising omega-3 fatty acid esters and a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.
Marine oils, also commonly referred to as fish oils, are the main sources of omega-3 fatty acids, i.e. eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which modulate lipid metabolism. Omega-3 fatty acids can, with no adverse side effects, increase serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol while reducing serum triglycerides (TG), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the heart rate, and the activation of blood coagulation factor V11-phospholipids complex.
Currently available omega-3 fatty acids drugs are omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters (hereinafter, referred as “omega-3 fatty acid esters”), an ethyl-esterified concentration of omega-3 fatty acids, i.e. polyunsaturated fatty acids from DHA and EPA-containing fish oils, and is sold under the trademark OMACOR®. Such omega-3 fatty acid esters are generally formulated into a capsule form such as gelatin capsules, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,502,077, 5,656,667 and 5,698,594.
Besides natural fermentation products, mevastatin and lovastatin (MEVACOR®; see U.S. Pat. No. 4,231,938), different types of synthesized and semisynthesized HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are exist including simvastatin (ZOCOR®; see U.S. Pat. No. 4,444,784), pravastatin sodium salt (PRAVACHOL®; see U.S. Pat. No. 4,346,227), fluvastatin sodium salt (LESCOL®; see U.S. Pat. No. 5,354,772), atorvastatin calcium salt (LIPITOR®; see U.S. Pat. No. 5,273,995), cerivastatin sodium salt (also known as rivastatin; see U.S. Pat. No. 5,177,080), rosuvastatin calcium salt (CRESTOR®; see KR. Patent No. 105431) and pitavastatin calcium salt (LIVARO®; see KR Patent No. 101149). Such HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors contain 3-hydroxy lactones or corresponding ring opened dihydroxy acids, and are often referred to as “statins.” Statins were typically used for treatment to maintain cholesterol levels within the normal range. Statins can inhibit HMG-CoA reductase which regulates cholesterol synthesis thereby slowing down the production of cholesterol, or can reduce serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by upregulating LDL receptors in the liver. Thus, the main function of the statins is diminishing LDL cholesterol. Statins are known to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) by one third, yet have limited effects on TG and serum HDL.
Patients with hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia show high levels of LDL and TG. It is advantageous to use a pharmaceutical combination of omega-3 fatty acid esters and statins because it is applicable to treat high levels of both LDL and TG
Therefore, development of a pharmaceutical combination of omega-3 fatty acid esters and statins may be useful for treating hyperlipidemia by raising serum HDL while reducing LDL and TG levels. Hence, there has been much research on combined formulation of omega-3 fatty acid esters. For example, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0212411 disclosed combined formulations of OMACOR® by conducting, in sequence, polymer barrier coating, drug coating and top coating. Examples of active pharmaceutical ingredients which can be used for the coatings include simvastatin, fenofibrate, pravastatin, propranolol, enalapril and prioglitazone.
Korean Patent Publication Nos. 2007-0038553, 2007-0108945 and 2009-0086078 disclose pharmaceutical compositions of directly mixing omega-3 fatty acid esters with statins, however their drug stability cannot be guaranteed when directly mixed. Also, Korean Patent Publication Nos. 2007-0108945 and 2007-0083715 relate to pharmaceutical compositions comprising statins or microcapsules thereif. The compositions are formulated into a soft capsule form, mixed with omega-3 fatty acid oils which cause a delayed release of statin, so the dissolution rate of statin is much slower than that of commercially available statin drugs.
Currently, there is no complex composition drug comprising omega-3 fatty acid esters and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor available having the same dissolution rate of statin as the commercial statin drugs. Therefore, there has been a need to develop a complex composition comprising omega-3 fatty acid esters and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors which is pharmaceutically stable; having the same dissolution rate and efficacy as commercial statin drugs; and does not show a delayed release behavior even after long-term storage.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an oral complex composition comprising omega-3 fatty acid esters and rosuvastatin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which exhibits an improved rosuvastatin releasing rate and does not show a delayed release behavior even after long-term storage.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing the oral complex composition.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an oral complex composition, which comprises: (a) a soft capsule core comprising omega-3 fatty acid esters; (b) a first coating layer which encases the soft capsule core and comprises a hydrophobic coating material; and (c) a second coating layer deposited on the first coating layer, which comprises (i) rosuvastatin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (ii) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl alcohol-polyethylene glycol (PVA-PEG) graft copolymer, or a mixture thereof.
In accordance with another object of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the oral complex composition, which comprises the steps of: (1) preparing a soft capsule core comprising omega-3 fatty acid esters; (2) forming a first coating layer which encases the soft capsule core and comprises a hydrophobic coating material; and (3) forming a second coating layer on the first coating layer, which comprises (i) rosuvastatin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (ii) PVA, PVA-PEG graft copolymer, or a mixture thereof.
The above and other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which respectively show:
The inventive oral complex composition is characterized by comprising: (a) a soft capsule core comprising omega-3 fatty acid esters; (b) a first coating layer which encases the soft capsule core and comprises a hydrophobic coating material; and (c) a second coating layer deposited on the first coating layer, which comprises the ingredients of (i) rosuvastatin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (ii) PVA, PVA-PEG graft copolymer, or a mixture thereof.
Hereinafter, the components contained in the oral complex composition of the present invention are described in detail.
The soft capsule core of the complex composition according to the present invention comprises omega-3 fatty acid esters as the first active pharmaceutical ingredient.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the omega-3 fatty acid esters may comprise ethyl esters of EPA and DHA in an amount of 80% by weight or more, preferably at least 40% by weight of EPA ethyl ester of and at least 34% by weight of DHA ethyl ester. Preferably, the omega-3 fatty acid esters may comprise ethyl ester of omega-3 fatty acid in an amount of 90% by weight or more.
The amount of the omega-3 fatty acid esters present in the soft capsule core may be 100 mg to 2,000 mg.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the amount of the omega-3 fatty acid esters may be 70% to 95% by weight, based on the total weight of the soft capsule core, but not limited thereto.
Also, the soft capsule core can be prepared in a conventional manner for manufacturing soft capsules by using typical materials for soft capsules, e.g. gelatins.
In the oral complex composition of the present invention, the first coating layer comprises a hydrophobic coating material which encapsulates the soft capsule core in order to prevent a change in water content inside the soft capsule core from affecting the dissolution rate of rosuvastatin-containing second coating layer and increase of related materials. When rosuvastatin is coated directly on the soft capsule core containing omega-3 fatty acid ester, then the water content of the capsule can affect the content of the rosuvastatin, reduce its dissolution rate and increase its related materials. In the present invention, however, the first coating layer comprising a hydrophobic coating material is employed in between the omega-3 fatty acid ester-containing soft capsule core and the rosuvastatin-containing second coating layer, minimizing the effect of water content as well as other potential risks.
Examples of the hydrophobic coating material may include cellulose acetate, polyvinyl acetate, ethyl cellulose, and (meth)acrylic acid copolymers, i.e. Eudragit®, preferably ethyl cellulose. The amount of the hydrophobic coating material used may be, based on the total amount of the first coating layer, 15% to 75% by weight, preferably 16% to 75% by weight, more preferably 16% to 72% by weight. If the amount of the hydrophobic coating material used is less than 15% by weight, the change in water content becomes greater, causing deterioration of storage stability by reducing rosuvastatin content and dissolution rate as well as increasing related materials.
The first coating layer may further comprise conventional coating materials such as hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and hydroxylpropyl cellulose (HPC), which are generally used in the pharmaceutical field. In addition, the first coating layer may further comprise other pharmaceutically acceptable additives such as disintegrants, diluents, stabilizers, binders, and slip modifiers to the extent they do not adversely affect the disintegration rate of the capsule.
The first coating layer may be prepared by dissolving or dispersing the hydrophobic coating material in water, ethanol, or a mixture thereof, preferably in the mixed solvent, to obtain a coating solution and then applying the solution onto the surface of the soft capsule core.
The first coating layer may be coated on the soft capsule core in an amount of 2 parts by weight or more, preferably 4 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the soft capsule core.
In the oral complex composition of the present invention, the second coating layer comprises the ingredients of: (i) rosuvastatin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as the second active pharmaceutical ingredient, and (ii) PVA, PVA-PEG graft copolymer or a mixture thereof, as a coating material, which permits rapid release of rosuvastatin when dissolved and also prevents delayed release of rosuvastatin after being stored.
The second coating layer may be prepared by dissolving or dispersing said ingredients (i) and (ii) in water, ethanol or a mixture thereof, preferably in the mixed solvent, to obtain a coating solution, followed by applying the solution onto the surface of the first coating layer.
The amount of the ingredient (i) employed in the second coating layer may be 1 mg to 50 mg, and the amount of the ingredient (ii) employed may be 25% to 85% by weight, preferably 25% to 80% by weight, based on the total amount of the second coating layer.
The second coating layer may further comprise HPMC, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), or a mixture thereof, and may also comprise other pharmaceutically acceptable additives such as alkaline stabilizers, if necessary.
The second coating layer may be coated on the first coating layer in an amount of 3 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the soft capsule core.
The present invention also provides a method for preparing the oral complex composition of the present invention, which comprises the steps of: (1) preparing a soft capsule core comprising omega-3 fatty acid esters; (2) forming a first coating layer which encases the soft capsule core and comprises a hydrophobic coating material; and (3) forming a second coating layer on the first coating layer, which comprises the ingredients of (i) rosuvastatin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (ii) PVA, PVA-PEG graft copolymer, or a mixture thereof.
Specifically, the method for preparing the oral complex composition of the present invention may comprise the following steps of: (1) preparing a soft capsule core containing omega-3 fatty acid esters in a conventional manner for manufacturing soft capsules; (2) forming a first coating layer encasing the soft capsule core by dissolving a hydrophobic coating material in a suitable solvent for barrier coating, e.g. in a mixture of ethanol and water, applying the coating solution onto the soft capsule core, and then drying the solution; and (3) forming a second coating layer on the first coating layer by dissolving the ingredients (i) and (ii) with alkaline stabilizers and/or other pharmaceutically acceptable additives in a suitable solvent, e.g. in a mixture of ethanol and water, applying the coating solution onto the surface of the first coating layer, and then drying the solution.
The complex composition of the present invention can be formulated into a capsule form, and can be administered orally.
The oral complex composition of the present invention can show a rosuvastatin or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt releasing rate of 80% or more in 0.05M citrate buffer within 30 min, preferably within 10 min; and no delayed release after storage duration of 6 months at 40° C. under 75% relative humidity (RH). The above test results indicate good dissolution rate and storage stability and hence, it is possible to use in composite forms.
The oral complex composition of the present invention contains both omega-3 fatty acid esters and rosuvastatin, as active pharmaceutical ingredients, which can raise serum HDL level while reducing both LDL and TG levels. Thus, it can be used for effectively preventing or treating hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesteremia, coronary arterial heart diseases (CAHD), dyslipidemia, and increased serum LDL cholesterol levels, and it can be used for preventing or treating cardiovascular diseases as well.
The following Examples are provided to illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
A soft capsule was prepared with 1,000 mg of omega-3 fatty acid ester oils by using a conventional method for manufacturing soft gelatin capsule.
A soft capsule was prepared by repeating the procedures of Comparative Example 1, except for employing a homogeneous mixture of 1,000 mg of omega-3 fatty acid ester oils and 10 mg of rosuvastatin.
In accordance with the ingredients described in Table 1, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC 2910, Shinetsu Co. Ltd., Japan), polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000, Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd., Japan) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30, BASF SE, Germany) were added to a mixture of ethanol and water, and then mixed to obtain a coating solution.
The coating solution was coated onto the surface of the soft capsule core prepared in Comparative Example 1 by using a coater (SFC-30, SEJONG Co., Ltd.), wherein the supply air temperature was 45° C. and the product temperature was adjusted to 30° C. The product was dried for 30 minutes to remove residual solvent so that a soft capsule with a barrier coating was obtained.
In accordance with the ingredients described in Table 1, a soft capsule with a hydrophobic barrier coating was prepared by repeating the procedures of Comparative Example 3, except for adding ethyl cellulose (Dow Chemical Company, US) as a hydrophobic coating material.
The compositions of soft capsules and barrier coatings are summarized in Table 1.
Rosuvastatin calcium salt, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC 2910, Shinetsu Co., Ltd., Japan), polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000, Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd., Japan) and PVA (Kurary Co., Ltd., Japan) were added to a mixture of ethanol and water, and then mixed to obtain a coating solution.
The coating solution was coated onto the surface of the omega-3 fatty acid ester soft capsules obtained in Comparative Examples 1, 3 and Example 5, respectively, by using a coater (SFC-3, SEJONG Co., Ltd.), wherein the supply air temperature was 45° C. and the product temperature was adjusted to 30° C. The products were dried for 30 minutes to remove residual solvent so that complex compositions were obtained.
Rosuvastatin calcium, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC 2910, Shinetsu Co., Ltd., Japan), and polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000, Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd., Japan) were added to a mixture of ethanol and water. Further, PVA (Kurary Co., Ltd., Japan) or PVA-PEG graft copolymer (Kollicoat IR, BASF SE, Germany) was added thereto and then mixed to obtain a coating solution.
The coating solution was coated onto the surface of the omega-3 fatty acid ester soft capsule obtained in Example 5 by using a coater (SFC-3, SEJONG Co., Ltd.), wherein the supply air temperature was 45° C. and the product temperature was adjusted to 30° C. The products were dried for 30 minutes to remove residual solvent so that complex compositions were obtained.
The compositions of second coating layers are summarized in Table 2.
Test 1: Disintegration Test of Soft Capsules with Barrier Coating
A disintegration test was performed on the soft capsule prepared in Comparative Example 1, the soft capsule with barrier coating prepared in Comparative Example 3 and the soft capsules with hydrophobic coating prepared in Examples 1 to 7, according to the method described in the general test method of the Korean Pharmacopoeia. The results are shown in
As shown in
Satisfactory results were also obtained from the soft capsules prepared in Examples 1 to 7. The soft capsule prepared in Example 7, however, showed a delay in disintegration time due to added hydrophobic excipient, i.e. ethyl cellulose, in an amount exceeded 75% by weigh for preventing a change in water content.
Therefore, it can be found that the preferable amount of the hydrophobic coating material in the first coating layer is 75% by weight or less, more preferably 72% by weight or less, based on the weight of the first coating layer, in order to satisfy the standards of the disintegration test.
Test 2: Water Absorption Rate of Soft Capsules with Barrier Coating
The capsules prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 3, and Examples 1 to 7 were dried for 6 days at 30% RH, and the water content of gelatin capsule coating was measured. The water content change was observed by measuring weight loss on drying according to the method as described in the general test method of the Korean Pharmacopoeia, wherein the measurement was taken at 90° C. in an equilibrium state, where weight of the sample no longer changes, and then the results were recorded as the initial water contents.
The samples were also tested for water penetration prevention effect by repeating the measuring method after 24 hrs exposure at 25° C./60% RH and the results were recorded as the final water content, which are shown in
As shown in
However, the soft capsules with hydrophobic coating containing ethyl cellulose prepared in Examples 1 to 7 resulted a slight change in water content. In particular, the soft capsules with hydrophobic coating containing ethyl cellulose in an amount of 16% or more, resulted only 3% change or less in water content, which shows the employment of ethyl cellulose significantly improves stability of the composition by reducing the water absorption by 50% or greater in comparison to coatings without ethyl cellulose. Further, it can be found that the preferable amount of the hydrophobic coating material used in the first coating layer is 15% to 75% by weight, more preferably 16% to 75% by weight, most preferably 16% to 72% by weight, based on the weight of the first coating layer.
A dissolution test of rosuvastatin was performed on Crestor® (AstraZeneca plc, UK) as a control drug, and the complex compositions prepared in Comparative Examples 2, 4 to 6, and Examples 8 to 12.
The test was conducted, based on paddle method in the Korean Pharmacopoeia, at 50 rpm by using dissolution medium of 900 mL of 0.05 M citric acid buffer and the mediums were collected after 10 minutes, then their initial dissolution rates were measured. Also, the samples were stored in sealed HDPE bottles for six months under accelerated storage condition (40° C./75% RH) and their dissolution rates were measured. The results are shown in
As shown in
On the other hand, the complex compositions prepared in Examples 8 to 12, wherein the first coating layer contains hydrophobic coating material, i.e., ethyl cellulose, in an amount of 16% to 72% by weight and the second coating layer contains PVA or PVA-PEG graft copolymer with rosuvastatin, had initial dissolution rates of 80% or greater. Also, the complex compositions exhibited little or no delayed release even after 6 months of accelerated storage, showing pharmaceutically stable dissolution rates. Accordingly, it can be found from the results that the complex composition of the present invention has in vivo efficacy.
While the invention has been described with respect to the above specific embodiments, it should be recognized that various modifications and changes may be made to the invention by those skilled in the art which also fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2011-0025940 | Mar 2011 | KR | national |
| 10-2011-0041168 | Apr 2011 | KR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2012/002134 | 3/23/2012 | WO | 00 | 9/19/2013 |
