Patent Grant
10258442
This technology relates to an oral irrigator, and more particularly to an oral irrigator including a radiant energy source to enhance the bacteria reducing effect.
An oral irrigator, also referred to as a dental water jet, includes generally a water reservoir supplying water to a pump, which in turn delivers water through a handle member having a tip structure, and into a user's mouth. The tip structure is sized and oriented to allow the user to direct the water stream against the user's teeth or gums as desired. The water stream may be continuous or pulsed. The reservoir of the oral irrigator may be positioned on a counter top, or may be hand held. Examples of such oral irrigators are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,056,710 and 7,147,468 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0008979.
The effectiveness of existing oral irrigators is derived by the disruptive influence of the water stream on the bacteria found in the mouth. The bacteria is dislodged by the water stream and delivered out of the mouth (either swallowed or rinsed out).
The information included in this Background section of the specification, including any references cited herein and any description or discussion thereof, is included for technical reference purposes only and is not to be regarded subject matter by which the scope of the invention is to be bound.
In one implementation, an oral irrigator for delivery radiant energy includes a base housing, a pump mechanism, a reservoir operably associated with the base housing and fluidically associated with the pump mechanism, a jet tip fluidically associated with the reservoir that directs a fluid at a surface inside an oral cavity; and a radiant energy source directing radiant energy at a surface inside an oral cavity. In one embodiment, the radiant energy source and the jet tip may be unitary to direct both the fluid and the radiant energy in generally the same direction. In another embodiment, the radiant energy source and the jet tip may be separate structures collocated on a single irrigation wand.
In an another implementation, the oral irrigator for delivering radiant energy may further include a radiant energy conduit that directs the radiant energy from the radiant energy source to the oral cavity. In one embodiment, the radiant energy conduit and a fluid conduit of the jet tip may be separate structures that together form the jet tip. In another embodiment, the radiant energy conduit and the fluid conduit may be unitary and form the jet tip to direct both the fluid and the radiant energy from the same terminal point in generally the same direction.
In a further implementation of an oral irrigator for delivering radiant energy, the radiant energy source and the jet tip may be separate structures or devices attached to the same base housing and able to be used individually.
In an alternate implementation, the oral irrigator may be a handheld device with the jet tip, the radiant energy source, and the reservoir in one body for easy maneuverability or use when traveling. The as in the previous implementations described, the radiant energy source may be separate from or unitary with the jet tip or the radiant energy may be directed from the radiant energy source through a radiant energy conduit that is either separate from or integral with a fluid conduit of the jet tip.
This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter. Other features, details, utilities, and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following more particular written description of various embodiments of the invention as further illustrated in the accompanying drawings and defined in the appended claims.
The technology disclosed herein pertains generally to the enhancement of the effectiveness of the traditional oral irrigator. In particular, the impact of the water stream from the jet tip is enhanced by the addition of a radiant energy source that also works to reduce the bacteria in a user's mouth without also using chemical additives. The wavelength of radiant energy is selected to closely match the adsorption peaks of certain black-pigmented oral bacteria. The radiant energy source may be located in any number of positions so long as it is directed at least partially into the user's oral cavity when the oral irrigator is used.
The radiant energy, in this instance is in the form of a light emitting diode (LED) emitting light in the 350 to 450 nanometer range, preferably in the 375-415 nm range, and even more preferably in the 405-415 nm range, is configured relative to the terminal end 114 of the jet tip 110 so the radiant energy is generally directed in at least a similar direction as the water stream. However, in other embodiments the radiant energy may be in the form of a diode, such as a laser diode.
As shown in the embodiment of
Controls 112 may be positioned on the handle 108 and/or base housing 102 to control the pressure and other characteristics of the water stream, as well as characteristics of the LEDs 116 (or other radiant energy sources) for example, activation, deactivation, intensity level, and activation time, among other options.
In an alternative implementation as shown in
In various implementations, the radiant energy conduit 322 may be a light tube made of glass or plastic and may also include or be formed of optical fibers. In one embodiment, the light tube may be formed of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). In another embodiment, the light tube may be formed as a glass or plastic fiber-optic light injector. The embodiments of
The radiant energy conduit 322 may also be aimed to cast the radiant energy in the same direction as the jet tip 310 to converge at the same location as the water stream exiting the jet tip 310, or the radiant energy may be directed generally in the same direction or in a different direction if desired. The radiant energy conduit 322 may also be selectively positionable to allow the user to adjust the position. The radiant energy may be directed or focused to shine in the same area of impact of the water jet in order to take advantage of the water jet lifting away the gum from the tooth and allowing the radiant energy to reach bacteria below the gum line.
Still referring to
The water jet handle 408 may be removed from the storage recess 407 in the base 402 and extended for use by the user to direct the water stream 418 into the user's mouth as depicted in
As shown in
In each of the above embodiments (as well as further embodiments below), the radiant energy sources may be suitably constructed to activate when the water flow is actuated, or may be controlled by sensors to actuate when positioned in a relatively dark space (such as the inside of a user's mouth), or may be controlled by a timer to help insure sufficient radiant energy is imparted to the bacteria in the user's mouth.
In some embodiments, LEDs may be used as a source for the radiant energy. Exemplary LEDs may include, for example, Nichia 5POA (375 nm), Nichia 59013 (365 nm), or Xicon 351-3314-RC LEDs. In some implementations, suitable wavelengths for effective radiant energy have been found between 350-450 nm, preferably between 375-415 nm, even more preferably between 405-415 nm. In one exemplary implementation, a UV-1WS-L2 LED from Prolight Opto Technology Corporation was used to provide light at desired wavelengths. Another way to characterize effective radiant energy is by intensity. The effective intensity required will depend on the species of microbe. Minimum effective intensities generally range from 2-50 J/cm.
The following tables present test results from the use of various LEDs and other light sources for varying amounts of time on various common types of bacteria that inhabit the oral cavity to determine the bactericidal effects. The Legend indicates the types of bacteria used in the experiments, the types of LEDs used, and an explanation of the meaning of the results. In the first experiment of Table 1, bacteria cultures were exposed to the light sources for periods of 2 minutes and 60 minutes. In the experiments of Tables 2, 3, and 4, bacteria cultures were exposed to the light sources for periods of 5 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, 2 minutes, and 60 minutes. As indicated in the Legend, an IE or “Ineffective” entry means bacterial growth was observed in the culture without apparent inhibition, i.e., the incident light did not kill the bacteria. In contrast, an E or “Effective” entry indicates that while live bacteria remain in the culture, the bacteria were killed in the illuminated area.
In addition to the experimental testing above, another series of tests of radiant energy sources was performed to determine the effects of alternate energy sources. In the experiments of Tables 5, 6, 7, and 8, bacteria cultures were exposed to the light sources for periods of 5 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, 2 minutes, and 60 minutes. As in the prior experiments, an IE or “Ineffective” entry means bacterial growth was observed in the culture without apparent inhibition. In contrast, an E or “Effective” entry indicates that while live bacteria remain in the culture, the bacteria were killed in the illuminated area.
These studies indicate that UV and near-UV light is effective in killing select periodontal pathogens. While shorter wavelength UV radiation is an extremely effective germicide, the mechanism of destruction in UV radiation below 300 nm is to destroy DNA in cells. (See, e.g., Soukos, N. S. et al., Phototargeting oral black-pigmented bacteria, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, (April 2005) pp. 1391-96.) This mechanism is not selective and therefore the user's tissue cells could be destroyed as well. In contrast, by using higher wavelengths of light, e.g., between 350-450 nanometers, undesirable, black-pigmented bacteria can be destroyed without affecting the health of adjacent oral tissue. Wavelengths between 350-450 nm, and especially between 405-415 nm, are very effective bactericides by exciting endogenous porphyrins within the black-pigmented bacteria while leaving oral tissue unharmed.
In embodiments using a light tube 622 as a radiant energy conduit as in
Additional tests were performed to gauge the efficacy of various light sources on a number of common oral bacteria and other organisms commonly found in the oral cavity. Results of these tests are set forth below in Tables 9A-16B and are summarized in Table 17. In each table pair, the first table designated “A” shows the results of various exposures using a fiber optic radiant energy source. In the second tables of the pairs designated “B”, results of various exposures using a radiant energy source mounted at the tip of the device are presented. In the tables, a “+” indicates no inhibition of the organism to the light source, a “W” indicates a weak inhibition of the organism to the light source, and a “−” indicates an inhibition of the organism to the light source.
Tables 9A-9B depict the results of exposure of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 (PG-1) to various light sources for periods of time between 5 seconds and 45 minutes (900 seconds). PG-1 is an anaerobic black pigmented bacteria associated with periodontal disease. In Table 9A, results of exposure to no light, and fiber optic sources of white light, Fl Pro Light-2 mm, and AWP Pro Light-2 mm are depicted. PG-1 is one of the most resistant organisms, but testing shows first kills in some experiments within between 60 and 120 seconds of exposure. In Table 9B, results of exposure to tip mounted light sources at dominant wavelengths of 400 nm (two samples), 590 nm, and a surface mount white light are presented.
Tables 10A-10B depict the results of exposure of Prevotella melaninogenica ATCC 258465 (PM-2) to various light sources for periods of time between 5 seconds and 45 minutes (900 seconds). PM-2 is an anaerobic black pigmented bacteria associated with periodontal disease. In Table 10A, results of exposure to no light, and fiber optic sources of white light, Fl Pro Light-2 mm, and AWP Pro Light-2 mm are depicted. In Table 10B, results of exposure to tip mounted light sources at dominant wavelengths of 400 nm (two samples), 590 nm, and a surface mount white light are presented.
Tables 11A-11B depict the results of exposure of Porphyromonas Intermedia ATCC 25611 (PI-1) to various light sources for periods of time between 5 seconds and 45 minutes (900 seconds). PI-1 is an anaerobic black pigmented bacteria associated with periodontal disease. Comments in literature and the experimentation conducted herein suggests that PI-1 tends to be more susceptible to UV and less susceptible to antibiotics than P. Ginvivalis. In Table 11A, results of exposure to no light, and fiber optic sources of white light, Fl Pro Light-2 mm, and AWP Pro Light-2 mm are depicted. In Table 11B, results of exposure to tip mounted light sources at dominant wavelengths of 400 nm (two samples), 590 nm, and a surface mount white light are presented.
Tables 12A-12B depict the results of exposure of Porphyromonas Nigrescens ATCC 33563 (PN-1) to various light sources for periods of time between 5 seconds and 45 minutes (900 seconds). PN-1 is an anaerobic black pigmented bacteria associated with periodontal disease. Comments in literature and the experimentation conducted herein suggests that PN-1 tends to be more susceptible to UV and less susceptible to antibiotics than P. Ginvivalis. In Table 12A, results of exposure to no light, and fiber optic sources of white light, Fl Pro Light-2 mm, and AWP Pro Light-2 mm are depicted. In Table 12B, results of exposure to tip mounted light sources at dominant wavelengths of 400 nm (two samples), 590 nm, and a surface mount white light are presented.
Tables 13A-13B depict the results of exposure of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 (STR-54) to various light sources for periods of time between 5 seconds and 45 minutes (900 seconds). STR-54 is a gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria commonly found in the human oral cavity. In Table 13A, results of exposure to no light, and fiber optic sources of white light, Fl Pro Light-2 mm, and AWP Pro Light-2 mm are depicted. In Table 13B, results of exposure to tip mounted light sources at dominant wavelengths of 400 nm (two samples), 590 nm, and a surface mount white light are presented.
Tables 14A-14B depict the results of exposure of Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 (LB-2) to various light sources for periods of time between 5 seconds and 45 minutes (900 seconds). LB-2 is a stain agent common in milk and dairy products and is associated with carries formation. In Table 14A, results of exposure to no light, and fiber optic sources of white light, Fl Pro Light-2 mm, and AWP Pro Light-2 mm are depicted. In Table 14B, results of exposure to tip mounted light sources at dominant wavelengths of 400 nm (two samples), 590 nm, and a surface mount white light are presented.
Tables 15A-15B depict the results of exposure of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 33384 (AA-1) to various light sources for periods of time between 5 seconds and 45 minutes (900 seconds). AA-1 is a bacteria associated with periodontal disease. In Table 15A, results of exposure to no light, and fiber optic sources of white light, Fl Pro Light-2 mm, and AWP Pro Light-2 mm are depicted. In Table 15B, results of exposure to tip mounted light sources at dominant wavelengths of 400 nm (two samples), 590 nm, and a surface mount white light are presented.
Tables 16A-16B depict the results of exposure of Fusobacterium Nucleatum ATCC (FU-3) to various light sources for periods of time between 5 seconds and 45 minutes (900 seconds). FU-3 is a key component of periodontal plaque due to its abundance and its ability to coaggregate with other species in the oral cavity. In Table 16A, results of exposure to no light, and fiber optic sources of white light, Fl Pro Light-2 mm, and AWP Pro Light-2 mm are depicted. In Table 116B, results of exposure to tip mounted light sources at dominant wavelengths of 400 nm (two samples), 590 nm, and a surface mount white light are presented.
Table 17 presented as
In yet another implementation depicted in
As shown in
The light tube 822 may be further retained within the manifold 842 by a clasp 834 or other retention mechanism. As shown in
At the proximal end 826 of the light tube 822, radiant energy is transmitted from the light injector 830 to the light tube 822 and water is also introduced from the plenum 850 into the water conduit 815 formed in the light tube 822. When the plenum 850 is filled with water, the light injector 830 also transmits light into the water as it travels through the water conduit 815. The water in the water conduit 815 thus also provides an additional light conducting structure as well as the cleaning jet of water when emitted from the distal end 828 of the light tube 822. This cylindrical discharged jet stream is substantially laminar and further acts as light tube for the radiant energy. The edges of the laminar stream are bordered by air, which aids in the internal reflection of the light within the water stream, thereby providing tightly focused beam of UV light to the tooth surface. Additionally, the distal end 828 of the light tube 822 may be beveled, faceted, curved, or otherwise configured to focus the radiant energy exiting the light tube 822 to enter the water stream to further enhance the focused beam of light. The water jet further acts to lift the gum tissue away from the tooth surface allowing germicidal light to access the UV photosensitive black-pigmented anaerobic bacteria beneath the gum line.
In an alternate embodiment, a system of lenses may be used to focus light into the end of the light tube 822 rather the molded light injector 830. In other embodiments, the molded light injector 830 could be replaced by a straight glass or plastic rod with a polished end placed in close proximity the light emitting die of the radiant energy module 824. While functional, in some embodiments, such as those utilizing a LED as the radiant energy source, a disadvantage of this design is that the radiant energy module 824 must be obtained in a non standard configuration in order to allow the end of such a glass or plastic rod to be placed in the required close proximity. Further, there is a decrease in efficiency as the analysis below suggests.
The effectiveness of the oral irrigator device with integral radiant energy delivery system of
The results of a second configuration are presented in
The results of a third configuration are presented in
The jet tip 910 is provided as a hollow conduit with a proximal end 926 that is received within the jet handle 908 and a distal end 928 that tapers slightly in diameter as compared to the proximal end 926. A light guide 922 extends coaxially within the lumen of the jet tip 910. The light guide receives the radiant energy from a light source (as further described below) and, as a result of an index of refraction of the material forming the light guide 922, the light energy is internally reflected within the light guide 922 such that it does not escape until it reaches the distal end 928. The light guide 922 is of a smaller outer diameter than the diameter of the lumen of the jet tip 910 and similarly tapers in diameter. The space between the outer surface of the light guide 922 and the inner diameter of the jet tip 910 forms a fluid channel 920. In operation, the fluid pumped by the oral irrigator exits the jet tip 910 through an outlet 914 on the distal end 914. At this location, the light energy exits the light guide 922 and is carried within the fluid stream exiting the jet tip 910. The fluid stream is laminar in form and similarly internally reflects the light exiting the light guide 922 to deliver the radiant energy to the same location as the fluid stream.
A light source 916, e.g., an LED emitting light at a desired wavelength or over a desired bandwidth or a laser diode, is mounted within the jet handle 908 below the proximal end of the jet tip 910. A heat sink 956, e.g., an aluminum block, may be held in compression with the light source 916 by a spring bias 958 in order to cool the light source 916 when in operation. A collimator 930 is mounted between the light source 916 and the proximal end of the light guide 922. The collimator 930 is shown in greater detail in
A superstructure extends above the distal end of the collimator 930 forming a circumferential flange 932 and a plurality of tabs 934. In the embodiment shown, three tabs 934 are spaced equidistantly around the output lens of the collimator 930 to define a plenum 950 for receipt of fluid from the fluid conduit 948 and injection of the fluid into the water channel 920. A vertical boss 936 is formed on an inner wall of each of the tabs 934 for interfacing with the proximal end of the jet tip 910. A proximal seal 952, e.g. an O-ring, is positioned upon the distal side of the flange 932 to seal the plenum 950 area with respect to an internal housing structure. A lip 938 may extend between each of the tabs 934 adjacent the flange 932 to aid in maintaining the position of the proximal seal 952 when placed under pressure. The spring bias 958 also provides a sealing pressure on the collimator 930 to assist in sealing the plenum 950. A distal seal 954, e.g., and O-ring, is positioned on the distal ends of the tabs 934 to engage with an internal housing structure and an outer wall of the jet tip 910 to provide a sidewall seal for the distal end of the plenum 950.
In operation, the jet handle of the embodiment of
The jet tip 1010 has a tip head 1014 that is positioned so as to cause the water stream to enter the oral cavity and flush bacteria therefrom. A top portion 1032 of the tip head 1014 may slope upwards to form a conical shape in a center area of the top portion 1032. In some embodiments as shown, the wall of the conical area may be slightly concave. An outlet aperture 1016 of the jet tip 1010 of the tip head 1014 may be formed within the center and apex of the conical area. In this embodiment, the outlet aperture 1016 may thus be slightly raised above other areas of the top portion 1032. The conical area of the top portion 1032 increases the total length of the outlet aperture 1016 as it extends through the conical portion into the inner cavity of the tip head 1014. However, it should be noted that the top portion 1032 may be formed in a variety of other shapes and the shape illustrated in
The outlet aperture 1016 may have separate pathways for fluid and radiant energy, or the pathways may be combined, such that the fluid and the radiant energy are combined together to exit the jet tip 1010. For example, as shown in
In some implementations the laser diode 1018 produces a light beam directed into the outlet aperture 1016. These implementations allow the fluid traveling from the reservoir 1004 via the fluid channel 1024 and through the fluid inlet 1017 to carry the radiant energy into a user's mouth. As the fluid impacts the gum line, it displaces the gums and other tissue, allowing the radiant energy to be directed to bacteria and other organisms within a user's mouth. And as discussed above with respect to other embodiments, radiant energy may kill numerous varieties and amounts of bacteria that may be present in a person's mouth.
The fluid channel 1024 provides a path for fluid to flow from the reservoir 1014 to the outlet aperture 1016. The electrical channel 1022 provides a path for electrical wires or other forms of electrical communication between the laser diode 1018 and a power source (e.g., line voltage, batteries). In other implementations, the electrical channel 1022 may house a fiber optic cable or other light transmission mechanism. The electrical channel 1022 and the fluid channel 1024 may be substantially parallel to each other and may be sealed off from each other. This helps prevent fluid from entering the electrical channel 1022 and potentially damaging the electrical communication elements disposed within the electrical channel 1022. In some implementations the fluid channel 1024 and the electrical channel 1022 may have substantially the same dimensions, however, in other implementations they may have different dimensions. For example, the electrical channel 1022 may only need to accommodate thin wires and thus may be smaller in diameter than the fluid channel 1024.
The fluid channel 1024 and the electrical channel 1022 may be separated by a median 1023 that acts as a boundary between the two channels 1022, 1024, sealing them off from each other. The median 1023 may terminate at the outer housing of the laser diode 1018. In this implementation, the housing or other portions of the laser diode 1018 may act to seal fluid from the fluid channel 1024 from entering the electrical channel 1022.
The electrical channel 1022 may terminate adjacent a base of the laser diode 1018. For example, as shown in
Implementations utilizing an inductive power coupling may be beneficial as corrosion or electrical shorts between the power source and the laser diode 1018 may be reduced. This is because the inductive power coupling does not require a physical connection between the first coil and the second coil. Thus the first coil in the jet tip 1010 may be completely sealed within the electrical channel 1022 and no water or other fluid can reach the wires. No electrical connections have to be physically detached in order for the jet tip 1010 to removed or replaced, thus substantially preventing fluid and/or air from contacting the electrical lead wires, connectors, or the laser diode 1018. Likewise, within the handle 1008, the lead wires and the power source 1058 (if within the handle 1008) may be isolated from the water flow to prevent corrosion and electrical shorting.
The electrical connection area of the laser diode 1018 may be covered by an end plug 1020 that seats within an opening defining a cavity within the tip head 1014. The end plug 1020 substantially covers and encases the electrical connections between the laser diode 1018 and the electrical connection, thus preventing the connection from being damaged by fluid, user movements, or the like. The end plug 1020 may also help secure the laser diode 1018 to the jet tip 1010. For example, the end plug 1020 may include a fastener or have a snap fit connection to secure the laser diode 1018 to the jet tip 1010. The end plug 1014 may further define an annular channel 1054 within an external wall of the end plug 1020 to receive an O-ring to provide a fluid-tight seal for the cavity in the tip head 1014, thus protecting the electrical connection with the radiant energy source.
In some implementations, the laser diode 10180r it may be integrated into the jet tip 1010 while in other implementations it may be a separate element that may attach to the end of the jet tip 1010. In still other implementations, the laser diode 1018 may be located within the handle 1008. In these implementations, the electrical channel 1022 may include a fiber optic cable or the like (see e.g., the energy conduit 610 illustrated in
It should be noted that the laser diode 1018 may be any element that can produce radiant energy, such as a LED, laser diode, or possibly an incandescent source. However, in embodiments utilizing a laser diode, a heat sink or other heat dissipating device may be omitted or substantially reduced in size as laser diodes may generate less heat than a LED or other radiant energy sources. Additionally, although a laser diode may not produce as much light as a LED, the light or beam emitted from a laser diode may be substantially collimated as it is produced in a substantially narrow beam or cone and thus actually direct up to 10 times more light energy into the water stream output from the jet tip 1010 as compared to other, scattering radiant energy sources. This may be beneficial as the narrower the beam, the more radiant energy may be directed into the fluid stream after exiting the laser diode 1018 (versus scattering or reflecting in various directions), and thus more energy may be directed into a user's mouth.
Also, in some embodiments, the laser diode 1018 may be placed near or within a fluid flow path from the jet tip 1010 and thus may utilize the fluid flow as a method of cooling and the heat sink may be omitted or reduced in size. Additionally, the laser diode 1018 may include a lens, collimator, or other energy directing/condensing elements. In these embodiments, the laser diode 1018 may be placed farther away from the outlet aperture 1016, as the light may be substantially focused to prevent scattering or reflection in various directions.
In the exemplary embodiment of
Further, the lens mount 1042 may act as a heat sink for the laser diode 1018. The lens mount 1042 may be substantially surrounded by fluid and may assist in the dissipation of heat produced by the laser diode 1018 or other radiant energy source. For example, as the fluid travels around the spherical lens 1038 and the lens mount 1042 the heat produced by the laser diode 1018 may be transferred through the lens mount 1042 and the spherical lens 1038 and imparted to the fluid in the fluid pocket 1040 exiting the jet tip 1010. In these implementations, a heat sink or other heat-dissipating device may be omitted from the laser diode 1018, as the fluid may act to substantially reduce the heat produced from the spherical lens diode 1026. However, in other implementations, a heat sink or other device may be used either in combination with or instead of fluid-cooling the laser diode 1018, e.g., if the lens mount 1042 and the spherical lens 1038 are poor heat conductors.
Additionally, in some embodiments, the lens mount 1042 may act as a seal to substantially prevent fluid from the fluid channel 1024 and fluid pocket 1040 from coming in contact with the laser diode 1018 and/or the pins 1050. In the exemplary embodiment shown in
The spherical lens 1038 acts to focus the light from the light emitting region 1048 and direct it towards the outlet aperture 1016. While the lens is depicted as spherical in this embodiment, the lens may be formed in other shapes, e.g., cylindrical, conical, or concave or convex disks, depending upon the output of the radiant energy source and focal distances required by the tip configuration. In some embodiments, the spherical lens 1038 may sit substantially in the middle of the lens mount 1042. The spherical lens 1038 may be formed of a molded acrylic or other plastic, glass, or other similar refractive materials.
The fluid pocket 1040 is formed under the top portion 1032 of the tip head 1014 between the upper surface of the spherical lens 1038 and the outlet aperture 1016. The fluid area 1040 acts as a combination location, and fluid from the jet tip 1010 may be combined with the radiant energy from the laser diode 1018 further collimated by the spherical lens 1038 is entrained within the water flowing through the fluid pocket 1040 and exiting the outlet aperture 1016. The fluid pocket 1040 may also act to help cool the laser diode 1018 and/or the spherical lens 1038, as discussed above. The dimensions of the fluid pocket 1040, particularly the distance between the bottom surface of the top portion 1032 and the top surface of the spherical lens 1038, may be altered depending on the strength and/or light collimation desired. For example, the shorter the distance between the spherical lens 1038 and the outlet aperture 1016, the more collimated the radiant energy may be as it exits the outlet aperture 1016. This is because in some instances, fluid surrounded by plastic or other materials may not be as an effective light guide as fluid surrounded by air, and more light may be reflected at an angle that escapes the fluid stream exiting the outlet aperture 1016 the farther the light and fluid must travel.
The housing 2024 may be cylindrically shaped and house or encase the components of the removable laser diode package 2026. The cylindrical outer wall of the main body 2028 defines a water channel aperture 2036 near the upper portion of the main body 2028 before transitioning to the top portion 2032. The water channel aperture 2036 fluidly connects the diode package 2026 and the water channel in the jet tip, allowing water from the reservoir to be transmitted to the outlet aperture 2016. The size and/or diameter of the water channel aperture 2036 may be varied depending on the desired fluid flow volume/pressure out of the jet tip. For example, the larger the diameter of the water channel aperture 2036, the more fluid may flow from the jet tip to the outlet aperture 2016.
The top portion 2032 extends from a top edge of the main body 2028 and covers the main body 2028. As can be seen from
A semiconductor laser diode 2034 extends from a bottom end of the main body 2028. The laser diode 2034 is electrically connected to the power source. Several connection pins 2030 extend from the base of the laser diode 2034 to connect the diode 2034 to the power wires or other electrical connection. There may be two, three, or more pins 2030, depending on the diode used. For example, in some embodiments, in addition to electrical connections, one of the pins 2030 may be used to provide a feedback signal from the diode package 2026 to a computer or processor. In some implementations, feedback may not be desired and thus additional pins 2030 beyond electrical contacts, may be omitted. Further, the pins 2030 may be inserted into a receiving receptacle, outlet or the like. For example, the tip head of the jet tip may have connection receptacles into which the pins of the diode package 2026 may be plugged. Such an embodiment allows the pins 2030 of a diode package 2026 to be quickly connected and disconnected to the jet tip 2026.
In the embodiment shown in
In some embodiments, the barrel lens 2038 may be generally cylindrical with curved end walls, and positioned such that the longer sides of the barrel lens 2038 are substantially parallel to the main body 2028. Other implementations of collimating lenses may also be used. The barrel lens 2038 may be glass or another material (e.g., acrylic, polycarbonate, crystal) with appropriate refractive qualities. The barrel lens 2038 may be spaced farther away from the outlet aperture 2016 than other lenses or embodiments of the radiant energy source 2018 because of the collimating effects. However, in other implementations, the barrel lens 2038 may be spaced in varying distances from the outlet aperture 2016. Additionally, in some embodiments, the barrel lens 2038 may be omitted, or may be replaced with another shaped lens as discussed previously above.
The barrel lens 2038 may be secured in place above the laser diode 2034 and below the outlet aperture 2016 via a sealing plug 2046. The sealing plug 2046 seals the laser diode 2034 and the pins 2030 from contact with the fluid. The sealing plug 2046 may be formed as a generally cylindrical body defining a central axial lumen 2050. In this exemplary embodiment, a bottom end of the axial lumen 2050 may be sized to accept the outer diameter of the laser diode 2034. However, a diameter of a top end of the axial lumen 2050 may be larger to create an annular space 2054 around the barrel lens 2038. The axial lumen 2050 of the sealing plug 2046 may further have an intermediate stepped area that receives and holds the barrel lens 2038 in axial alignment with the light emitting region 2048 of the laser diode 2034.
An inlet aperture 2056 may also be formed within a sidewall of the sealing plug 2046 in the top end forming the annular space 2054 that aligns with the water channel 2036 in the main wall 2028 of the housing 2024, which further aligns with and seals against the median and the water channel in the jet tip (not shown) This allows fluid flow from the fluid channel in the jet tip to enter the annular space 2054 and fill the fluid pocket 2040 between the sealing plug 2036 and the inner wall of the top portion 2032 of the housing 2024 before exiting through the outlet aperture 2016. As the fluid exits the outlet aperture 2016, the radiant energy from the laser diode 2034 is directed by the barrel lens 2038 where it is entrained within the exiting fluid stream by refraction of the light at the interface of the water stream and the air once the water stream leaves the outlet aperture 2016. In these embodiments, the fluid transports and/or directs the radiant energy into the user's mouth for application at the location of the fluid jet spray.
In this exemplary embodiment, the sealing plug 2046 further defines an annular recess 2052 in the outer wall of the sealing plug 2046 adjacent the bottom portion of the axial lumen. An O-ring 2044 or other sealing mechanism may be placed within the annular recess 2052 to seal the sealing plug 2046 against the inner wall of the housing 2024 and preventing fluid from reaching the electrical connection between the pins 2030 and the receptacles within the head of the jet tip.
In some embodiments, the sealing plug 2046 may also act as a heat sink, removing heat from the laser diode 2034. The material used for the sealing plug 2046 (e.g., aluminum or another metal) may be chosen to conduct heat away from the laser diode 2034 and transfer the heat to the fluid in the fluid pocket 2040 that surrounds portions of the sealing plug whereby the heat may be dissipated.
In this exemplary embodiment, the laser diode 3034 is used without a lens. A typical laser diode 3034 produces a substantially collimated, narrow beam of radiant energy from a small light emitting region 3048, and thus the lens and other collimating devices may be omitted. As the light exits the light emitting region 3048 it passes through the fluid pocket 3040 is entrained with fluid exiting the outlet aperture 3016. The fluid surrounded by the air after exiting the outlet aperture 3016 then acts as a light/radiant energy guide, transporting the radiant energy into a user's mouth. In this exemplary embodiment, the fluid in the fluid pocket 3040 is in direct and substantial contact with the laser diode 3034 and may provide sufficient cooling of the laser diode 3034 that a heat sink may be omitted.
As a collimator or lens is omitted in this embodiment, the distance between the outlet aperture 3016 and the light emitting region 3048 may be reduced to ensure a maximum amount of light energy reaches the user's oral tissue. The length of the exit aperture 3016 may also be chosen to maximize the light energy entrained within the exiting fluid flow. As shown in
Additionally, the laser diode 3034 may be substantially sealed in the diode package 3026 so as to prevent fluid from coming into contact with the connection pins 3030 extending from the bottom of the laser diode 3034. In the embodiment shown in
It should be noted that various features illustrated with respect to the various laser diode embodiments may be implemented in other embodiments. For example, the different types of lenses (including with respect to shapes and materials) may be used with multiple housing configurations, regardless of whether the housing is part of a removable package or is integrally formed as part of the head of the jet tip. Further, laser diodes may be used as the radiant energy source within any of the other embodiments illustrated throughout the disclosure, e.g., within the embodiments illustrated in
All directional references (e.g., proximal, distal, upper, lower, upward, downward, left, right, lateral, front, back, top, bottom, above, below, vertical, horizontal, clockwise, and counterclockwise) are only used for identification purposes to aid the reader's understanding of the present invention, and do not create limitations, particularly as to the position, orientation, or use of the invention. Connection references (e.g., attached, coupled, connected, and joined) are to be construed broadly and may include intermediate members between a collection of elements and relative movement between elements unless otherwise indicated. As such, connection references do not necessarily infer that two elements are directly connected and in fixed relation to each other. The exemplary drawings are for purposes of illustration only and the dimensions, positions, order and relative sizes reflected in the drawings attached hereto may vary.
The above specification, examples and data provide a complete description of the structure and use of exemplary embodiments of the invention. Although various embodiments of the invention have been described above with a certain degree of particularity, or with reference to one or more individual embodiments, those skilled in the art could make numerous alterations to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this invention. In particular, it should be understood that the described technology may be employed independent of a personal computer. Other embodiments are therefore contemplated. It is intended that all matter contained in the above description and shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative only of particular embodiments and not limiting. Changes in detail or structure may be made without departing from the basic elements of the invention as defined in the following claims.
This application claims the benefit of priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/385,554, filed 22 Sep. 2010 and titled “Oral Irrigator Appliance with Radiant Energy Delivery for Bactericidal Effect,” the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This application is also a continuation-in-part patent application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/729,076, filed 22 Mar. 2010 and titled “Oral Irrigator Appliance with Radiant Energy Delivery for Bactericidal Effect,” which claims the benefit of priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/162,126, filed 20 Mar. 2009 and titled “Oral Irrigator Appliance with Radiant Energy Delivery for Bactericidal Effect,” the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 555588 | Spencer | Mar 1896 | A |
| 1278225 | Schamberg | Sep 1918 | A |
| 1452258 | Smith | Apr 1923 | A |
| 1464419 | Gill | Aug 1923 | A |
| 1480310 | Smith | Jan 1924 | A |
| 1498267 | Hachman | Jun 1924 | A |
| 1602742 | Bennet | Oct 1926 | A |
| 1650686 | Binks | Nov 1927 | A |
| 1669889 | Andrews et al. | May 1928 | A |
| 1681320 | Bergl et al. | Aug 1928 | A |
| 1933454 | Sidney | Oct 1933 | A |
| 1940111 | Austin | Dec 1933 | A |
| D93019 | Hose | Aug 1934 | S |
| 1977782 | Roy | Oct 1934 | A |
| 2107686 | Bramsen et al. | Feb 1938 | A |
| 2421498 | Guedel | Jun 1947 | A |
| D159872 | Skold | Aug 1950 | S |
| 2531730 | Henderson | Nov 1950 | A |
| 2595666 | Hutson | May 1952 | A |
| 2669233 | Friend | Feb 1954 | A |
| 2794437 | Tash | Jun 1954 | A |
| 2709227 | Foley et al. | May 1955 | A |
| 2733713 | Kabnick | Feb 1956 | A |
| 2783919 | Ansell | Mar 1957 | A |
| 2870932 | Davis | Jan 1959 | A |
| 2984452 | Hooper | May 1961 | A |
| 3089490 | Goldberg | May 1963 | A |
| 3096913 | Jousson | Jul 1963 | A |
| 3144867 | Trupp et al. | Aug 1964 | A |
| D202041 | Burzlaff | Aug 1965 | S |
| 3209956 | McKenzie | Oct 1965 | A |
| 3216619 | Richards et al. | Nov 1965 | A |
| 3225759 | Drapen et al. | Dec 1965 | A |
| 3227158 | Mattingly | Jan 1966 | A |
| 3266623 | Poferl | Aug 1966 | A |
| 3297558 | Hillquist | Jan 1967 | A |
| D208778 | Koch | Oct 1967 | S |
| D209202 | Fulton et al. | Nov 1967 | S |
| D209203 | Mattingly et al. | Nov 1967 | S |
| D209204 | St. Clair et al. | Nov 1967 | S |
| D209395 | Gilbert | Nov 1967 | S |
| D210018 | Mattingly et al. | Jan 1968 | S |
| D210019 | Johnson et al. | Jan 1968 | S |
| 3370214 | Aymar | Feb 1968 | A |
| 3391696 | Woodward | Jul 1968 | A |
| 3393673 | Mattingly et al. | Jul 1968 | A |
| 3400999 | Goldstein | Sep 1968 | A |
| 3418552 | Holmes | Dec 1968 | A |
| 3420228 | Kalbfeld | Jan 1969 | A |
| 3425410 | Cammack | Feb 1969 | A |
| 3453969 | Mattingly | Jul 1969 | A |
| 3465751 | Powers | Sep 1969 | A |
| 3467286 | Ostrowsky | Sep 1969 | A |
| D215920 | McCarty et al. | Nov 1969 | S |
| 3487828 | Troy | Jan 1970 | A |
| 3489268 | Meierhoefer | Jan 1970 | A |
| 3495587 | Freedman | Feb 1970 | A |
| 3496933 | Lloyd | Feb 1970 | A |
| 3499440 | Gibbs | Mar 1970 | A |
| 3500824 | Gilbert | Mar 1970 | A |
| 3501203 | Falk | Mar 1970 | A |
| 3502072 | Stillman | Mar 1970 | A |
| 3517669 | Buono et al. | Jun 1970 | A |
| D218270 | Soper | Aug 1970 | S |
| 3522801 | Robinson | Aug 1970 | A |
| 3532221 | Kaluhiokalani et al. | Oct 1970 | A |
| 3536065 | Moret | Oct 1970 | A |
| 3537444 | Garn | Nov 1970 | A |
| 3538950 | Porteners | Nov 1970 | A |
| 3547110 | Balamuth | Dec 1970 | A |
| 3561433 | Kovach | Feb 1971 | A |
| D220334 | Mackay et al. | Mar 1971 | S |
| 3570525 | Borsum | Mar 1971 | A |
| 3572375 | Rosenberg | Mar 1971 | A |
| 3578884 | Jacobson | May 1971 | A |
| D220996 | Irons | Jun 1971 | S |
| 3583609 | Oppenheimer | Jun 1971 | A |
| 3590813 | Roszyk | Jul 1971 | A |
| 3608548 | Lewis | Sep 1971 | A |
| 3612045 | Dudas | Oct 1971 | A |
| D222862 | Cook | Jan 1972 | S |
| 3636947 | Balamuth | Jan 1972 | A |
| 3651576 | Massa | Mar 1972 | A |
| 3669101 | Kleiner | Jun 1972 | A |
| 3703170 | Ryckman, Jr. | Nov 1972 | A |
| 3718974 | Buchtel et al. | Mar 1973 | A |
| 3747595 | Grossan | Jul 1973 | A |
| 3768472 | Hodosh et al. | Oct 1973 | A |
| 3771186 | Moret et al. | Nov 1973 | A |
| 3783364 | Gallanis et al. | Jan 1974 | A |
| 3809506 | Malcosky | May 1974 | A |
| 3809977 | Balamuth et al. | May 1974 | A |
| 3811432 | Moret | May 1974 | A |
| 3820532 | Eberhardt et al. | Jun 1974 | A |
| 3827147 | Condon | Aug 1974 | A |
| 3837166 | Hiraoka | Sep 1974 | A |
| 3840795 | Roszyk et al. | Oct 1974 | A |
| 3847145 | Grossan | Nov 1974 | A |
| 3854209 | Franklin et al. | Dec 1974 | A |
| 3863628 | Vit | Feb 1975 | A |
| 3871560 | Crippa | Mar 1975 | A |
| 3874506 | Hill et al. | Apr 1975 | A |
| 3911796 | Hull et al. | Oct 1975 | A |
| 3912125 | Acklin | Oct 1975 | A |
| 3943628 | Kronman et al. | Mar 1976 | A |
| 3959883 | Walls et al. | Jun 1976 | A |
| 3973558 | Stouffer et al. | Aug 1976 | A |
| 3977084 | Sloan | Aug 1976 | A |
| 4001526 | Olson | Jan 1977 | A |
| 4004302 | Hori | Jan 1977 | A |
| 4007739 | Bron et al. | Feb 1977 | A |
| 4013227 | Herrera | Mar 1977 | A |
| 4022114 | Hansen, III | May 1977 | A |
| 4052002 | Stouffer et al. | Oct 1977 | A |
| D246667 | Mackay et al. | Dec 1977 | S |
| D246668 | Mackay et al. | Dec 1977 | S |
| 4060870 | Cannarella | Dec 1977 | A |
| 4075761 | Behne et al. | Feb 1978 | A |
| 4078558 | Woog et al. | Mar 1978 | A |
| 4089079 | Nicholson | May 1978 | A |
| 4094311 | Hudson | Jun 1978 | A |
| 4108167 | Hickman et al. | Aug 1978 | A |
| 4108178 | Betush | Aug 1978 | A |
| 4109650 | Peclard | Aug 1978 | A |
| 4122845 | Stouffer et al. | Oct 1978 | A |
| 4133971 | Boyd et al. | Jan 1979 | A |
| 4135501 | Leunissan | Jan 1979 | A |
| 4141352 | Ebner et al. | Feb 1979 | A |
| 4144646 | Takemoto et al. | Mar 1979 | A |
| 4149315 | Page, Jr. et al. | Apr 1979 | A |
| 4154375 | Bippus | May 1979 | A |
| 4160383 | Rauschenberger | Jul 1979 | A |
| 4171572 | Nash | Oct 1979 | A |
| 4182038 | Fleer | Jan 1980 | A |
| 4200235 | Monschke | Apr 1980 | A |
| 4201200 | Hubner | May 1980 | A |
| 4210380 | Brzostek | Jul 1980 | A |
| 4215476 | Armstrong | Aug 1980 | A |
| 4219618 | Leonard | Aug 1980 | A |
| 4227878 | Lohn | Oct 1980 | A |
| 4229634 | Hickman et al. | Oct 1980 | A |
| 4236889 | Wright | Dec 1980 | A |
| D258097 | Wistrand | Feb 1981 | S |
| 4248589 | Lewis | Feb 1981 | A |
| 4249899 | Davis | Feb 1981 | A |
| 4257458 | Kondo et al. | Mar 1981 | A |
| 4262799 | Perrett | Apr 1981 | A |
| 4266934 | Pernot | May 1981 | A |
| 4276023 | Phillips et al. | Jun 1981 | A |
| 4276880 | Malmin | Jul 1981 | A |
| 4302186 | Cammack et al. | Nov 1981 | A |
| 4303064 | Buffa | Dec 1981 | A |
| 4303070 | Ichikawa et al. | Dec 1981 | A |
| 4306862 | Knox | Dec 1981 | A |
| 4315741 | Reichl | Feb 1982 | A |
| 4319568 | Tregoning | Apr 1982 | A |
| 4331422 | Heyman | May 1982 | A |
| 4337040 | Cammack et al. | Jun 1982 | A |
| 4340365 | Pisanu | Jul 1982 | A |
| 4340368 | Lococo | Jul 1982 | A |
| D266117 | Oberheim | Sep 1982 | S |
| 4353694 | Pelerin | Oct 1982 | A |
| 4363626 | Schmidt et al. | Dec 1982 | A |
| 4365376 | Oda et al. | Dec 1982 | A |
| 4370131 | Banko | Jan 1983 | A |
| 4374354 | Petrovic et al. | Feb 1983 | A |
| 4382167 | Maruyama et al. | May 1983 | A |
| 4382786 | Lohn | May 1983 | A |
| D270000 | Ketler | Aug 1983 | S |
| 4396011 | Mack et al. | Aug 1983 | A |
| 4412823 | Sakai et al. | Nov 1983 | A |
| 4416628 | Cammack | Nov 1983 | A |
| 4442830 | Markau | Apr 1984 | A |
| 4442831 | Trenary | Apr 1984 | A |
| 4452238 | Kerr | Jun 1984 | A |
| 4454866 | Fayen | Jun 1984 | A |
| 4512769 | Kozam et al. | Apr 1985 | A |
| 4517962 | Heckele | May 1985 | A |
| 4531912 | Schuss et al. | Jul 1985 | A |
| 4531913 | Taguchi | Jul 1985 | A |
| 4534340 | Kerr et al. | Aug 1985 | A |
| 4552130 | Kinoshita | Nov 1985 | A |
| 4561214 | Inoue | Dec 1985 | A |
| D283374 | Cheuk-Yiu | Apr 1986 | S |
| 4585415 | Hommann | Apr 1986 | A |
| 4591777 | McCarty et al. | May 1986 | A |
| 4592728 | Davis | Jun 1986 | A |
| 4602906 | Grunenfelder | Jul 1986 | A |
| 4607627 | Leber et al. | Aug 1986 | A |
| 4613074 | Schulze | Sep 1986 | A |
| 4619009 | Rosenstatter | Oct 1986 | A |
| 4619612 | Weber et al. | Oct 1986 | A |
| 4629425 | Detsch | Dec 1986 | A |
| 4636198 | Stade | Jan 1987 | A |
| 4642037 | Fritchman | Feb 1987 | A |
| 4644937 | Hommann | Feb 1987 | A |
| 4645488 | Matukas | Feb 1987 | A |
| 4647831 | O'Malley et al. | Mar 1987 | A |
| 4648838 | Schlachter | Mar 1987 | A |
| 4650475 | Smith et al. | Mar 1987 | A |
| 4655198 | Hommann | Apr 1987 | A |
| 4669453 | Atkinson et al. | Jun 1987 | A |
| 4672953 | DiVito | Jun 1987 | A |
| 4673396 | Urbaniak | Jun 1987 | A |
| D291354 | Camens | Aug 1987 | S |
| 4716352 | Hurn et al. | Dec 1987 | A |
| 4749340 | Ikeda et al. | Jun 1988 | A |
| 4770632 | Ryder et al. | Sep 1988 | A |
| D298565 | Kohler, Jr. et al. | Nov 1988 | S |
| 4783321 | Spence | Nov 1988 | A |
| 4787845 | Valentine | Nov 1988 | A |
| 4787847 | Martin et al. | Nov 1988 | A |
| 4798292 | Hauze | Jan 1989 | A |
| 4803974 | Powell | Feb 1989 | A |
| 4804364 | Dieras et al. | Feb 1989 | A |
| 4810148 | Aisa et al. | Mar 1989 | A |
| 4818229 | Vasile | Apr 1989 | A |
| 4820152 | Warrin et al. | Apr 1989 | A |
| 4821923 | Skorka | Apr 1989 | A |
| 4824368 | Hickman | Apr 1989 | A |
| 4826431 | Fujimura | May 1989 | A |
| 4827551 | Maser et al. | May 1989 | A |
| 4832683 | Idemoto et al. | May 1989 | A |
| 4854869 | Lawhorn | Aug 1989 | A |
| 4861340 | Smith et al. | Aug 1989 | A |
| 4862876 | Lih-Sheng | Sep 1989 | A |
| 4864918 | Martin | Sep 1989 | A |
| 4869720 | Chernack | Sep 1989 | A |
| 4880382 | Moret et al. | Nov 1989 | A |
| 4886452 | Lohn | Dec 1989 | A |
| 4900252 | Liefke et al. | Feb 1990 | A |
| 4902225 | Lohn | Feb 1990 | A |
| 4903687 | Lih-Sheng | Feb 1990 | A |
| 4906187 | Amadera | Mar 1990 | A |
| 4907744 | Jousson | Mar 1990 | A |
| 4915304 | Campani | Apr 1990 | A |
| 4925450 | Imonti et al. | May 1990 | A |
| 4928675 | Thornton | May 1990 | A |
| 4930660 | Porteous | Jun 1990 | A |
| 4941459 | Mathur | Jul 1990 | A |
| 4950159 | Hansen | Aug 1990 | A |
| 4958629 | Peace et al. | Sep 1990 | A |
| 4958751 | Curtis et al. | Sep 1990 | A |
| 4959199 | Brewer | Sep 1990 | A |
| 4961698 | Vlock | Oct 1990 | A |
| 4966551 | Betush | Oct 1990 | A |
| 4969874 | Michel et al. | Nov 1990 | A |
| 4973246 | Black | Nov 1990 | A |
| 4973247 | Varnes et al. | Nov 1990 | A |
| 4973250 | Milman | Nov 1990 | A |
| 4975054 | Esrock | Dec 1990 | A |
| 4979503 | Chernack | Dec 1990 | A |
| 4979504 | Mills | Dec 1990 | A |
| 4989590 | Baum et al. | Feb 1991 | A |
| 4998880 | Nerli | Mar 1991 | A |
| 5013241 | Von Gutfeld et al. | May 1991 | A |
| 5014884 | Wunsch | May 1991 | A |
| 5019054 | Clement et al. | May 1991 | A |
| 5027798 | Primiano | Jul 1991 | A |
| 5029576 | Evans, Sr. | Jul 1991 | A |
| 5033617 | Hartwein et al. | Jul 1991 | A |
| 5033961 | Kankler et al. | Jul 1991 | A |
| D318918 | Hartwein | Aug 1991 | S |
| 5046486 | Grulke et al. | Sep 1991 | A |
| 5049071 | Davis et al. | Sep 1991 | A |
| 5060825 | Palmer et al. | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5061180 | Wiele | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5062795 | Woog | Nov 1991 | A |
| 5064168 | Raines et al. | Nov 1991 | A |
| D322314 | Ohbayashi | Dec 1991 | S |
| 5071346 | Domaas | Dec 1991 | A |
| 5082115 | Hutcheson | Jan 1992 | A |
| 5082443 | Lohn | Jan 1992 | A |
| 5085317 | Jensen et al. | Feb 1992 | A |
| 5086756 | Powell | Feb 1992 | A |
| 5095893 | Rawden, Jr. | Mar 1992 | A |
| 5098291 | Curtis et al. | Mar 1992 | A |
| 5098676 | Brooks, Jr. | Mar 1992 | A |
| 5100319 | Baum | Mar 1992 | A |
| 5117871 | Gardner et al. | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5125835 | Young | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5127831 | Bab | Jul 1992 | A |
| 5142723 | Lustig et al. | Sep 1992 | A |
| 5150841 | Silvenis et al. | Sep 1992 | A |
| 5172810 | Brewer | Dec 1992 | A |
| 5173273 | Brewer | Dec 1992 | A |
| 5183035 | Weir | Feb 1993 | A |
| 5197458 | Ito et al. | Mar 1993 | A |
| 5197460 | Ito et al. | Mar 1993 | A |
| 5199871 | Young | Apr 1993 | A |
| 5203697 | Malmin | Apr 1993 | A |
| 5203769 | Clement et al. | Apr 1993 | A |
| 5204004 | Johnston et al. | Apr 1993 | A |
| 5208933 | Lustig et al. | May 1993 | A |
| 5215193 | Dennis | Jun 1993 | A |
| 5218956 | Handler et al. | Jun 1993 | A |
| 5220914 | Thompson | Jun 1993 | A |
| 5228646 | Raines | Jul 1993 | A |
| 5230624 | Wolf et al. | Jul 1993 | A |
| 5232687 | Geimer | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5235968 | Woog | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5241714 | Barry | Sep 1993 | A |
| 5246367 | Ito et al. | Sep 1993 | A |
| 5252064 | Baum et al. | Oct 1993 | A |
| D341200 | Yoshimoto | Nov 1993 | S |
| 5257933 | Jousson | Nov 1993 | A |
| 5261448 | Furuya et al. | Nov 1993 | A |
| D341943 | Si-Hoe | Dec 1993 | S |
| 5267586 | Jankavaara | Dec 1993 | A |
| 5269684 | Fischer | Dec 1993 | A |
| 5281137 | Jousson | Jan 1994 | A |
| 5281139 | Frank et al. | Jan 1994 | A |
| 5282745 | Wiltrout et al. | Feb 1994 | A |
| 5286192 | Dixon | Feb 1994 | A |
| 5286201 | Yu | Feb 1994 | A |
| 5295832 | Evans | Mar 1994 | A |
| 5297962 | O'Connor et al. | Mar 1994 | A |
| D346212 | Hosl | Apr 1994 | S |
| 5301381 | Klupt | Apr 1994 | A |
| 5302123 | Bechard | Apr 1994 | A |
| 5317691 | Traeger | May 1994 | A |
| 5321865 | Kaeser | Jun 1994 | A |
| 5323770 | Ito et al. | Jun 1994 | A |
| 5331704 | Rosen et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
| 5344317 | Pacher et al. | Sep 1994 | A |
| 5346677 | Risk | Sep 1994 | A |
| 5349896 | Delaney | Sep 1994 | A |
| D351892 | Wolf et al. | Oct 1994 | S |
| 5360338 | Waggoner | Nov 1994 | A |
| 5368548 | Jousson | Nov 1994 | A |
| 5370534 | Wolf et al. | Dec 1994 | A |
| D354168 | Hartwein | Jan 1995 | S |
| D354559 | Knute | Jan 1995 | S |
| 5378149 | Stropko | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5380201 | Kawata | Jan 1995 | A |
| D356864 | Woog | Mar 1995 | S |
| 5399089 | Eichman et al. | Mar 1995 | A |
| D358883 | Vos | May 1995 | S |
| 5456672 | Diederich et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
| 5465445 | Yeh | Nov 1995 | A |
| 5467495 | Boland et al. | Nov 1995 | A |
| 5468148 | Ricks | Nov 1995 | A |
| 5470305 | Arnett et al. | Nov 1995 | A |
| 5474450 | Chronister | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5474451 | Dalrymple et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5476379 | Disel | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5484281 | Renow et al. | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5487877 | Choi | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5490779 | Malmin | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5505916 | Berry, Jr. | Apr 1996 | A |
| D369656 | Vos | May 1996 | S |
| D370125 | Craft et al. | May 1996 | S |
| 5525058 | Gallant et al. | Jun 1996 | A |
| 5526841 | Detsch et al. | Jun 1996 | A |
| 5540587 | Malmin | Jul 1996 | A |
| 5547374 | Coleman | Aug 1996 | A |
| D373631 | Maeda et al. | Sep 1996 | S |
| 5554014 | Becker | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5554025 | Kinsel | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5556001 | Weissman et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5564629 | Weissman et al. | Oct 1996 | A |
| D376893 | Gornet | Dec 1996 | S |
| D377091 | Scott, Sr. | Dec 1996 | S |
| 5613259 | Craft et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5616028 | Hafele et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5626472 | Pennetta | May 1997 | A |
| 5634791 | Matsuura et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5636987 | Serfaty | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5640735 | Manning | Jun 1997 | A |
| D382407 | Craft et al. | Aug 1997 | S |
| 5653591 | Loge | Aug 1997 | A |
| 5659995 | Huffman | Aug 1997 | A |
| 5667483 | Santos | Sep 1997 | A |
| D386576 | Wang et al. | Nov 1997 | S |
| 5683192 | Kilfoil | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5685829 | Allen | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5685851 | Murphy et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5697784 | Hafele et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
| D388612 | Stutzer et al. | Jan 1998 | S |
| D388613 | Stutzer et al. | Jan 1998 | S |
| D389091 | Dickinson | Jan 1998 | S |
| 5709545 | Johnston et al. | Jan 1998 | A |
| D390934 | McKeone | Feb 1998 | S |
| 5716007 | Nottingham et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5718668 | Arnett et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5746595 | Ford | May 1998 | A |
| 5749726 | Kinsel | May 1998 | A |
| 5759502 | Spencer et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5779471 | Tseng et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5779654 | Foley et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5795153 | Rechmann | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5796325 | Lundell et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5833065 | Burgess | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5836030 | Hazeu et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| D402744 | Zuege | Dec 1998 | S |
| 5851079 | Horstman et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| D403511 | Serbinski | Jan 1999 | S |
| D406334 | Rosenthal et al. | Mar 1999 | S |
| 5876201 | Wilson et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| D408511 | Allen et al. | Apr 1999 | S |
| 5901397 | Häfele et al. | May 1999 | A |
| 5934902 | Abahusayn | Aug 1999 | A |
| D413975 | Maeda | Sep 1999 | S |
| D416999 | Miyamoto | Nov 1999 | S |
| D417082 | Classen et al. | Nov 1999 | S |
| 5993402 | Sauer et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 6030215 | Ellion et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6038960 | Fukushima et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6039180 | Grant | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6041462 | Marques | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6047429 | Wu | Apr 2000 | A |
| D424181 | Caplow | May 2000 | S |
| D425615 | Bachman et al. | May 2000 | S |
| D425981 | Bachman et al. | May 2000 | S |
| 6056548 | Neuberger et al. | May 2000 | A |
| 6056710 | Bachman et al. | May 2000 | A |
| D426633 | Bachman et al. | Jun 2000 | S |
| 6089865 | Edgar | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6116866 | Tomita et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6120755 | Jacobs | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6124699 | Suzuki et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| D434500 | Pollock et al. | Nov 2000 | S |
| 6159006 | Cook et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6164967 | Sale et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| D435905 | Bachman et al. | Jan 2001 | S |
| D437049 | Hartwein | Jan 2001 | S |
| 6193512 | Wallace | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6193932 | Wu et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6199239 | Dickerson | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6200134 | Kovac | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| D439781 | Spore | Apr 2001 | S |
| 6217835 | Riley et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| D441861 | Hafliger | May 2001 | S |
| 6230717 | Marx et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6233773 | Karge et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6234205 | D'Amelio et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6237178 | Krammer et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6247929 | Bachman et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6280190 | Hoffman | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| D448236 | Murray | Sep 2001 | S |
| 6293792 | Hanson | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| D449884 | Tobin et al. | Oct 2001 | S |
| 6299419 | Hunklinger | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| D453453 | Lun | Feb 2002 | S |
| D455201 | Jones | Apr 2002 | S |
| D455203 | Jones | Apr 2002 | S |
| 6363565 | Paffrath | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| D457949 | Krug | May 2002 | S |
| D464799 | Crossman et al. | Oct 2002 | S |
| 6468482 | Frieze et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6475173 | Bachman et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6485451 | Roberts et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6497375 | Srinath et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6497572 | Hood et al. | Dec 2002 | B2 |
| D468422 | McCurrach | Jan 2003 | S |
| 6502584 | Fordham | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| D470660 | Schaber | Feb 2003 | S |
| 6532837 | Magussen, Jr. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6558344 | McKinnon et al. | May 2003 | B2 |
| 6561808 | Neuberger et al. | May 2003 | B2 |
| D475346 | McCurrach et al. | Jun 2003 | S |
| D476743 | D'Silva | Jul 2003 | S |
| 6589477 | Frieze et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6602071 | Ellion et al. | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6632091 | Cise et al. | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| D482451 | Page et al. | Nov 2003 | S |
| 6640999 | Peterson | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6647577 | Tam | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6659674 | Carlucci et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6663386 | Moelsgaard | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6669059 | Mehta | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| D484971 | Hartwein | Jan 2004 | S |
| 6681418 | Bierend | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| D486573 | Callaghan et al. | Feb 2004 | S |
| 6689078 | Rehkemper et al. | Feb 2004 | B1 |
| 6699208 | Bachman et al. | Mar 2004 | B2 |
| 6719561 | Gugel et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| D489183 | Akahori et al. | May 2004 | S |
| 6739782 | Rehkemper et al. | May 2004 | B1 |
| 6740053 | Kaplowitz | May 2004 | B2 |
| D490899 | Gagnon | Jun 2004 | S |
| D491728 | Jimenez | Jun 2004 | S |
| D492996 | Rehkemper et al. | Jul 2004 | S |
| 6758845 | Weckwerth | Jul 2004 | B1 |
| 6761324 | Chang | Jul 2004 | B2 |
| 6766549 | Klupt | Jul 2004 | B2 |
| D495142 | Berde | Aug 2004 | S |
| D495143 | Berde | Aug 2004 | S |
| 6779216 | Davies et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
| 6783004 | Rinner | Aug 2004 | B1 |
| 6783505 | Lai | Aug 2004 | B1 |
| 6796796 | Segal | Sep 2004 | B2 |
| 6808331 | Hall et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| D498643 | Pryor, Jr. et al. | Nov 2004 | S |
| 6814259 | Foster et al. | Nov 2004 | B1 |
| D499885 | Xi | Dec 2004 | S |
| 6835181 | Hippensteel | Dec 2004 | B2 |
| D500599 | Callaghan | Jan 2005 | S |
| 6836917 | Blaustein et al. | Jan 2005 | B2 |
| 6837708 | Chen et al. | Jan 2005 | B2 |
| 6884069 | Goldman | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6902337 | Kuo | Jun 2005 | B1 |
| 6907879 | Drinan et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
| D509585 | Kling et al. | Sep 2005 | S |
| D513638 | Pan | Jan 2006 | S |
| D515215 | Wang | Feb 2006 | S |
| D522652 | Massey | Jun 2006 | S |
| 7080980 | Klupt | Jul 2006 | B2 |
| D529661 | Schmidt | Oct 2006 | S |
| D530010 | Luettgen et al. | Oct 2006 | S |
| 7117555 | Fattori et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
| D532570 | Vizcarra | Nov 2006 | S |
| 7131838 | Suzuki et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
| D533720 | Vu | Dec 2006 | S |
| 7147468 | Snyder et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| D538474 | Sheppard et al. | Mar 2007 | S |
| D548334 | Izumi | Aug 2007 | S |
| D550097 | Lepoitevin | Sep 2007 | S |
| D553980 | VerWeyst | Oct 2007 | S |
| 7276035 | Lu | Oct 2007 | B2 |
| 7314456 | Shaw | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| D563674 | Beedham | Mar 2008 | S |
| D565175 | Boyd et al. | Mar 2008 | S |
| 7344510 | Yande | Mar 2008 | B1 |
| D565713 | Gao | Apr 2008 | S |
| 7367803 | Egeresi | May 2008 | B2 |
| D574952 | Boyd et al. | Aug 2008 | S |
| 7414337 | Wilkinson et al. | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| D577198 | Jimenez et al. | Sep 2008 | S |
| D577814 | Seki et al. | Sep 2008 | S |
| D581279 | Oates | Nov 2008 | S |
| 7455521 | Fishburne, Jr. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
| 7469440 | Boland et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| D585132 | Pukall | Jan 2009 | S |
| D588262 | Pukall | Mar 2009 | S |
| 7500584 | Schutz | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| D590492 | Powell | Apr 2009 | S |
| D592748 | Boulton | May 2009 | S |
| D595136 | Canamasas Puigbo | Jun 2009 | S |
| D601694 | Rocklin | Oct 2009 | S |
| D601697 | Sobeich et al. | Oct 2009 | S |
| D603708 | Handy | Nov 2009 | S |
| D608430 | Slothower | Jan 2010 | S |
| 7670141 | Thomas et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7677888 | Halm | Mar 2010 | B1 |
| D613550 | Picozza et al. | Apr 2010 | S |
| D621949 | Seki et al. | Aug 2010 | S |
| D622928 | Griebel | Sep 2010 | S |
| D623376 | Griebel | Sep 2010 | S |
| D625105 | Winkler | Oct 2010 | S |
| D625406 | Seki et al. | Oct 2010 | S |
| 7814585 | Reich | Oct 2010 | B1 |
| D629884 | Stephens | Dec 2010 | S |
| 7857623 | Grez | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7862536 | Chen et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7878403 | Hennick et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7959597 | Baker et al. | Jun 2011 | B2 |
| D640872 | Nanda | Jul 2011 | S |
| D648539 | Wai | Nov 2011 | S |
| D648941 | Leung | Nov 2011 | S |
| D651805 | Hay | Jan 2012 | S |
| D653340 | Goerge et al. | Jan 2012 | S |
| 8113832 | Snyder et al. | Feb 2012 | B2 |
| D655380 | Taylor | Mar 2012 | S |
| D658381 | Gebski | May 2012 | S |
| D658538 | Korzeniowski | May 2012 | S |
| 8220726 | Qiu et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| D666912 | Kawai | Sep 2012 | S |
| 8256979 | Hilscher et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
| D668339 | Luoto | Oct 2012 | S |
| D669169 | Washington et al. | Oct 2012 | S |
| 8297534 | Li et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| D670958 | Picozza et al. | Nov 2012 | S |
| D671637 | Gebski et al. | Nov 2012 | S |
| D672018 | Bucher | Dec 2012 | S |
| 8366024 | Leber | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8403577 | Khoshnevis | Mar 2013 | B2 |
| 8418300 | Miller et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| D686311 | Mori | Jul 2013 | S |
| D694378 | Bates | Nov 2013 | S |
| D694398 | Taylor | Nov 2013 | S |
| D700343 | Liu | Feb 2014 | S |
| D702819 | Garland | Apr 2014 | S |
| D702821 | Garland | Apr 2014 | S |
| D707350 | Woodard | Jun 2014 | S |
| 8801667 | Taylor | Aug 2014 | B2 |
| D717547 | Adriaenssen | Nov 2014 | S |
| D719737 | Adriaenssen | Dec 2014 | S |
| D731640 | Kim et al. | Jun 2015 | S |
| 9050157 | Boyd et al. | Jun 2015 | B2 |
| D740936 | Kim et al. | Oct 2015 | S |
| D747464 | Taylor | Jan 2016 | S |
| D773822 | Sikora | Dec 2016 | S |
| D782657 | Williams | Mar 2017 | S |
| D798059 | McGarry | Jul 2017 | S |
| D799217 | Massee | Oct 2017 | S |
| 20020090252 | Hall et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020108193 | Gruber | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020119415 | Bailey | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020152565 | Klupt | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20030060743 | Chang | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030098249 | Rollock | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030162146 | Shortt et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030204155 | Egeresi | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030213075 | Hui et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20040045107 | Egeresi | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040076921 | Gofman et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040122377 | Fischer et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040126730 | Panagotacos | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040180569 | Chiou | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040209222 | Snyder et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20050004498 | Klupt | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050049620 | Chang | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050064371 | Soukos et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050101894 | Hippensteel | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050102773 | Obermann et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050144745 | Russell | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050177079 | Pan | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050271531 | Brown et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20060010624 | Cleland | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060021165 | Boland et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060026784 | Moskovich et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060057539 | Sodo | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060078844 | Goldman et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060079818 | Yande | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060207052 | Tran | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20070082316 | Zhadanov et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070082317 | Chuang | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070113360 | Tsai | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070202459 | Boyd et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070203439 | Boyd et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070254260 | Alden | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20080189951 | Molema et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080213719 | Giniger et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080253906 | Strong | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080307591 | Farrell et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20090070949 | Sagel et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090071267 | Mathus et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090082706 | Shaw | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090124945 | Reich et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090139351 | Reichmuth | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090163839 | Alexander | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090188780 | Watanabe | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090281454 | Baker et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20100010524 | Barrington | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100015566 | Shaw | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100049177 | Boone, III | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100190132 | Taylor et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100209870 | Thomas et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100239998 | Snyder et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100261134 | Boyd et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100261137 | Boyd et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100266980 | Boyd et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100326536 | Nan | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20100330527 | Boyd et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20110027749 | Syed | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110076090 | Wu et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110097683 | Boyd et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110139826 | Hair et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110144588 | Taylor et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110184341 | Baker et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110307039 | Cornell | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20120021374 | Cacka et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120064480 | Hegemann | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120077145 | Tsurukawa | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120179118 | Hair | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120189976 | McDonough et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120277663 | Millman et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120277677 | Taylor et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120277678 | Taylor et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120279002 | Sokol et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120295220 | Thomas et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20130089832 | Lee | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20140106296 | Woodard et al. | Apr 2014 | A1 |
| 20140193774 | Snyder et al. | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20140259474 | Sokol et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140272782 | Luettgen et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140352088 | Wu | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20150147717 | Taylor et al. | May 2015 | A1 |
| 20150173850 | Garrigues et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20160151133 | Luettgen et al. | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20170239132 | Luettgen et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 851479 | Sep 1970 | CA |
| 502817 | Feb 1971 | CH |
| 655237 | Apr 1987 | CH |
| 204049908 | Dec 2014 | CN |
| 1466963 | May 1969 | DE |
| 1566490 | Nov 1970 | DE |
| 2019003 | Nov 1971 | DE |
| 2409752 | Sep 1975 | DE |
| 2545936 | Apr 1977 | DE |
| 2714876 | Oct 1978 | DE |
| 2910982 | Feb 1980 | DE |
| 3346651 | Jul 1985 | DE |
| 0023672 | Jul 1980 | EP |
| 0515983 | Feb 1992 | EP |
| 0515983 | Dec 1992 | EP |
| 1825827 | Aug 2007 | EP |
| 2556954 | Jun 1985 | FR |
| 2654627 | May 1991 | FR |
| 838564 | Jun 1960 | GB |
| 1182031 | Feb 1970 | GB |
| 2018605 | Oct 1979 | GB |
| 2237505 | May 1991 | GB |
| 2-134150 | Apr 1990 | JP |
| 2009-39455 | Feb 2009 | JP |
| 20120126265 | Nov 2012 | KR |
| WO95016404 | Jun 1995 | WO |
| 0110327 | Feb 2001 | WO |
| WO0119281 | Mar 2001 | WO |
| WO04021958 | Mar 2004 | WO |
| WO04039205 | May 2004 | WO |
| 2004060259 | Jul 2004 | WO |
| WO2004062518 | Jul 2004 | WO |
| WO2008070730 | Jun 2008 | WO |
| 2008157585 | Dec 2008 | WO |
| WO2013095462 | Jun 2013 | WO |
| 2013124691 | Aug 2013 | WO |
| WO2014145890 | Sep 2014 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| US RE27,274 E, 01/1972, Mattingly (withdrawn) |
| Waterpik SinuSense, Website: http://www.insightsbyapril.com/2012/03/waterpik-natural-remedy-for-sinus.html, retrieved on May 31, 2012. |
| International Search Report, PCT/US2011/052795, 10 pages, dated Jan. 17, 2012. |
| The Right Tool, Electron Fusion Devices, Inc., 2 pages, at least as early as Feb. 1991. |
| Japanese Packaging, 2 pages, at least as early as Dec. 2002. |
| Japanese Instruction Brochure, 2 pages, at least as early as Dec. 2002. |
| Brochure: Woog International, “You have a 98% chance of getting gum disease. Unless you read this.”, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Feb. 1987. |
| Brochure: Woog International, “We put the control of home dental care back into the hands of the professional”, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Feb. 1987. |
| Brochure: Woog International, “Products at a Glance: Home Dental Care System” Woog Orajet, at least as early as Dec. 18, 1998. |
| Website: http://www.just4teeth.com/product/Panasonic/Panasonic_Portable_Irrigator.htm, 2 pages, at least as early as Jun. 20, 2003. |
| Website: http://www.videodirectstore.com/store/merchant.mv?Screen=PROD&Product_Code=EW1′ . . . , 2 pages, at least as early as Jun. 20, 2003. |
| Website: http://www.products.consumerguide.com/cp/family/review/index.dfm/id/18742, 2 pages, at least as early as Jun. 20, 2003. |
| Website: http://www.racekarteng.com/images/walbroparts.gif and http://www.muller.net/mullermachine/docs/walbro1.html, 4 pages, at least as early as Jun. 20, 2003. |
| International Search Report, Application No. PCT/US2010/028180, 2 pages, dated May 18, 2010. |
| Waterpik WP 350W Oral Irrigator. Dentist.net. Copyright date 2013. Date accessed: Mar. 30, 2017, 2 pages <http://www.dentalhoo.com/waterpik-wp350.asp>. |
| IPik Portable Oral Irrigator. AliExpress. Date reviewed: Oct. 5, 2016. <https://www.allexpress.com/...e-Oral-Care-Product-Nasal-Irrigator-Tooth-Flosser-Water/1525541997.html?aff_platform=aaf&cpt=1490913714609&sk=yfAeyJa&aff_trace_key=c5a300c4f02e46d08c042f5292e1762f-1490913714609-07517-yfAeyJa>, 18 pages. |
| Brite Leafs Professional Portable 2-in-1 Nasal Sinus & Oral Irrigator. Brite Leafs. Copyright date 2012, <http://www.briteleafs.com/product6.html> , 1 page. |
| Ali Express. Date reviewed: Jan. 12, 2017. <https://www.aliexpress.com/item/Cordless-Water-Floss-Portable-Oral-Irrigator-Dental-Water-Flosser-Waterpic-Whatpick-Dental-Water-Pic-Whater-Pick/32769416341.html?spm=2114.40010308.4.75.Owuzfj>. |
| Suvo. “Helical Gears vs Spur Gears—Advantages and Disadvantages Compared.” Brighthub Engineering, Aug. 18, 2010, www.brighthubengineering.com/manufacturing-technology/33535-helical-gears-vs-spur-gears/., 7 pages. |
| Waterpik ADA Accepted WP-663, posted at amazon.com, earliest date reviewed on Feb. 6, 2014, [online], acquired on Feb. 12, 2018. Available from Internet, <URL: https://www.amazon.com/Waterpik-Accepted-WP-663-Aquarius-Flosser/dp/B072JFYXSY/ref=cm_cr_arp_d_product_top?ie=UTF88dh=1> (Year: 2014). |
| Waterpik Classic Professional Water Flosser, WP-72, posted at amazon.com, earliest date reviewed on Mar. 5, 2016, [online], acquired on Feb. 23, 2018. Available from Internet, <URL: https://www.amazon.com/Waterpik-Classic-Professional-Flosser-WP-72/dp/B00HFQQOU6/ref=cm_cr_arp_d_product_top?ie=UTF8> (Year: 2016). |
| Waterpik Complete Care 5.0 Toothbrush, posted at amazon.com, earliest date reviewed on Mar. 14, 2016, [online], acquired on Feb. 23, 2018. Available from Internet, <URL: https://www.amazon.com/Waterpik-Complete-Toothbrush-Water-Flosser/dp/B01CRZ939Y/ref=cm_cr arp_d_product_top?ie=UTF8> (Year: 2016). |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20120045730 A1 | Feb 2012 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61385554 | Sep 2010 | US | |
| 61162126 | Mar 2009 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 12729076 | Mar 2010 | US |
| Child | 13238243 | US |
