Patent Application
20230320190
This application is based on and claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0023213, filed on Feb. 22, 2022, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, and all the benefits accruing therefrom under 35 U.S.C. §119, the entire content of which is incorporated by reference herein.
The present subject matter relates to an organometallic compound, an organic light-emitting device including the same, and an electronic apparatus including the organic light-emitting device.
Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are self-emissive devices, which have improved characteristics in terms of viewing angles, response time, brightness, driving voltage, and response speed. In addition, OLEDs can produce full-color images.
In an example, an organic light-emitting device (OLED device) includes an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer that is arranged between the anode and the cathode and includes an emission layer. A hole transport region may be arranged between the anode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region may be arranged between the emission layer and the cathode. Holes provided from the anode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons provided from the cathode may move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. The holes and the electrons may then recombine in the emission layer to produce excitons. These excitons may transition from an excited state to a ground state, to thereby generate light.
Provided are an organic light-emitting device and an electronic apparatus including the same.
Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the detailed description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the detailed description, or may be learned by practice of the presented exemplary embodiments herein.
According to an aspect, an organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode,
According to another aspect, an electronic apparatus includes the organic light-emitting device.
The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of exemplary embodiments will be more apparent from the following detailed description and taken in conjunction with the
Reference will now be made in further detail to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawing. In this regard, the present exemplary embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the detailed descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the exemplary embodiments are merely described in further detail below, and by referring to the
As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing one or more exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “or” means “and/or.” It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” or “includes” and/or “including” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or section from another element, component, region, layer, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings of the present embodiments.
Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross section illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments described herein should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions as illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a region illustrated or described as flat may, typically, have rough and/or nonlinear features. Moreover, sharp angles that are illustrated may be rounded. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are not intended to limit the scope of the present claims.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” another element, it can be directly in contact with the other element or intervening elements may be present therebetween. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” another element, there are no intervening elements present.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this general inventive concept belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
“About” or “approximately” as used herein is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ± 30%, 20%, 10%, 5% of the stated value.
Hereinafter, a work function or a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level is expressed as an absolute value from a vacuum level. In addition, when the work function or the HOMO energy level is referred to be “deep,” “high” or “large,” the work function or the HOMO energy level has a large absolute value based on “0 eV” of the vacuum level, while when the work function or the HOMO energy level is referred to be “shallow,” “low,” or “small,” the work function or HOMO energy level has a small absolute value based on “0 eV” of the vacuum level.
An organic light-emitting device according to an aspect includes: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode,
Ring A2 in Formula 1 is a C5-C30 carbocyclic group or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group.
For example, ring A2 in Formula 1 may be i) a first ring, ii) a second ring, iii) a condensed cyclic group in which two or more first rings are condensed with each other, iv) a condensed cyclic group in which two or more second rings are condensed with each other, or v) a condensed cyclic group in which at least one first ring is condensed with at least one second ring,
In one or more embodiments, ring A2 in Formula 1 may be a cyclopentane group, a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a thiophene group, a furan group, a pyrrole group, a cyclopentadiene group, a silole group, a borole group, phosphole group, a selenophene group, a germole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzofuran group, an indole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a carbazole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, a 9H-fluoren-9-one group, a dibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azaindole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azabenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, an aza-9H-fluoren-9-one group, an azadibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group, an adamantane group, a norbornane group, or a norbornene group.
In one or more embodiments, ring A2 may be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a thiophene group, a furan group, a pyrrole group, a cyclopentadiene group, a silole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzofuran group, an indole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a carbazole group, a fluorene group, or a dibenzosilole group.
R1 to R8 and R13 to R20 in Formula 1 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q1)(Q2), —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), —Ge(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9), or —P(Q8)(Q9). Q1 to Q9 are respectively as described herein.
In one or more embodiments, R1 to R8 and R13 to R20 in Formula 1 may each independently be:
In one or more embodiments, R1 to R8 and R13 to R20 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), or —Ge(Q3)(Q4)(Q5).
In one or more embodiments, R1 to R8 and R13 to R20 may each independently be:
d2 in Formula 1 indicates the number of R20 groups, if any, wherein d2 is an integer from 0 to 10, or for example d2 may be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. For example, d2 may be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
When d2 is 2 or greater, two or more of R20 are identical to or different from each other.
In one or more embodiments, (i) at least one of R1 to R8 may include at least one of —F, —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), and —Ge(Q3)(Q4)(Q5).
In one or more embodiments, at least one of R1 to R8 in Formula 1 may include at least one —F.
In one or more embodiments, at least one of R1 to R8 in Formula 1 may be a group including at least one —F.
In one or more embodiments, at least one of R1 to R8 in Formula 1 may each independently be:
In one or more embodiments, R20 may not include —F and a cyano group.
In one or more embodiments, at least one of R13 to R19 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
In one or more embodiments, at least one of R13 to R19, for example, R18 and R19, may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
In one or more embodiments, at least one of R13 to R19, for example, R18 and R19, may each independently be:
In one or more embodiments, at least one of R13 to R19, for example, R18 and R19, may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10 heterocycloalkyl group.
In one or more embodiments, at least one of R13 to R19, for example, R18 and R19, may each independently be a C2-C20 alkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, or a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, or a combination thereof.
In one or more embodiments, R20 may not include —F and a cyano group. For example, R20 may be a group that does not include —F and a cyano group.
In one or more embodiments, R1 to R8 and R13 to R20 in Formula 1 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-233, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-233 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-233 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-126, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-126 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-126 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-343, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-343 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-343 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), or —Ge(Q3)(Q4)(Q5) (wherein Q3 to Q5 are respectively as described herein).
In one or more embodiments, at least one of R1 to R8 may be —F, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 wherein at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-233 wherein at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-126 wherein at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-343 wherein at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), or —Ge(Q3)(Q4)(Q5) (wherein Q3 to Q5 are respectively as described herein).
In one or more embodiments, R13 to R20 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 wherein at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-233, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-233 wherein at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-126, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-126 wherein at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-343, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-343 wherein at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), or —Ge(Q3)(Q4)(Q5) (wherein Q3 to Q5 are respectively as described herein).
In one or more embodiments, at least one of R13 to R19, for example, R18 and R19, may each independently be a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 wherein at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 wherein at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-233, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-233 wherein at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-233 wherein at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-126, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-126 wherein at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-126 wherein at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-343, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-343 wherein at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, or, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-343 wherein at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F—
wherein, in Formulae 9-1 to 9-39, 9-201 to 9-233, 10-1 to 10-126, and 10-201 to 10-343, * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom, “Ph” is a phenyl group, “TMS” is a trimethylsilyl group, and “TMG” is a trimethylgermyl group.
The “group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium” and the “group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-233 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium” may be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-501 to 9-514 or 9-601 to 9-635:
wherein, in Formulae 9-501 to 9-514 and 9-601 to 9-635, * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
The “group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F”and the “group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-233 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” may be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-701 to 9-710:
wherein, in Formulae 9-701 to 9-710, * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
The “group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-126 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium” and “the group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-343 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium” may be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-501 to 10-553:
wherein, in Formulae 10-501 to 10-553, * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
The “group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-126 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” and the “group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-343 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” may be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-601 to 10-615:
wherein, in Formulae 10-601 to 10-615, * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
In one or more embodiments, at least one of R4 to R8 (for example, one or two of R4 to R8) may include at least one —F.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1,
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1,
In one or more embodiments, at least one of R1 and R3 may not be hydrogen.
In one or more embodiments, R20 may be a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, or a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, or a combination thereof.
In one or more embodiments, R20 may be a C1-C20 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C1-C20 alkyl group, or a combination thereof.
In one or more embodiments, d2 may be 2.
In one or more embodiments, R20 may be a C1-C20 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C1-C20 alkyl group, or a combination thereof, and d2 may be 2.
In one or more embodiments, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may include at least one deuterium.
In one or more embodiments, at least one of R1 to R8 in Formula 1 may include at least one deuterium.
In one or more embodiments, at least one of R20 in the number of d2 in Formula 1 may include deuterium.
In one or more embodiments, at least one of R20 in the number of d2 in Formula 1 may be a deuterium-containing C1-C20 alkyl group, a deuterium-containing C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, or a deuterium-containing C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, or a combination thereof.
In Formula 1, 1) two or more of R1 to R8 are optionally linked together to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R1a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R1a, 2) two or more of R20 in the number of d2 are optionally linked together to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R1a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R1a, and 3) two or more of R13 to R19 are optionally linked together to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R1a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R1a. R1a is as described in connection with R1.
At least one substituent of the substituted C5-C30 carbocyclic group, the substituted C2-C30 heterocyclic group, the substituted C1-C60 alkyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, the substituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, the substituted C1-C60 alkylthio group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C6-C60 aryl group, the substituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, the substituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, the substituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, the substituted C6-C60 arylthio group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, the substituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group as used herein may be:
Q1 to Q9, Q11 to Q19, Q21 to Q29, and Q31 to Q39 as used herein are each independently:
For example, Q1 to Q9, Q11 to Q19, Q21 to Q29, and Q31 to Q39 as used herein may each independently be:
The term “deuterium-containing C1-C60 alkyl group (or a deuterium-containing C1-C20 alkyl group, a deuterium-containing C2-C20 alkyl group, etc.)” as used herein refers to a C1-C60 alkyl group substituted with at least one deuterium (or a C1-C20 alkyl group substituted with at least one deuterium, a C2-C20 alkyl substituted with at least one deuterium, etc.). For example, the term “deuterium-containing C1 alkyl group (that is, a deuterium-containing methyl group)” includes -CD3, -CD2H, and -CDH2.
The term “deuterium-containing C3-C10 cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group substituted with at least one deuterium. Examples of the “deuterium-containing C3-C10 cycloalkyl group” include Formula 10-501, or the like.
The terms “fluorinated C1-C60 alkyl group (or a fluorinated C1-C20 alkyl group, or the like)”, “fluorinated C3-C10 cycloalkyl group”, and “fluorinated C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group” as used herein respectively refer to a C1-C60 alkyl group (or a C1-C20 alkyl group, or the like), a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, and a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, each substituted with at least one fluoro group (—F). For example, the term “fluorinated C1 alkyl group (that is, a fluorinated methyl group)” includes —CF3, —CF2H, and —CFH2. The “fluorinated C1-C60 alkyl group (or a fluorinated C1-C20 alkyl group, or the like)”, “the fluorinated C3-C10 cycloalkyl group”, or “the fluorinated C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group” may be i) a fully fluorinated C1-C60 alkyl group (or a fully fluorinated C1-C20 alkyl group, or the like), a fully fluorinated C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, or a fully fluorinated C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, wherein, in each group, all hydrogen included therein is substituted with a fluoro group, or ii) a partially fluorinated C1-C60 alkyl group (or a partially fluorinated C1-C20 alkyl group, or the like), a partially fluorinated C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, or a partially fluorinated C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, wherein, in each group, all hydrogen included therein is not substituted with a fluoro group.
The term “(C1-C20 alkyl) ‘X′ group” as used herein refers to a ‘X’ group substituted with at least one C1-C20 alkyl group. For example, the term “(C1-C20 alkyl)C3-C10 cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group substituted with at least one C1-C20 alkyl group, and the term “(C1-C20 alkyl)phenyl group” as used herein refers to a phenyl group substituted with at least one C1-C20 alkyl group. An example of a (C1 alkyl) phenyl group is a toluyl group.
The terms “an azaindole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzogermole group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, an aza-9H-fluoren-9-one group, and an azadibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide group” as used herein respectively refer to heterocyclic groups having the same backbones as “an indole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzogermole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, a 9H-fluoren-9-one group, a dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide group,” wherein, in each group, at least one ring-forming carbon atom is substituted with nitrogen.
In one or more embodiments, a group represented by
in Formula 1 may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY1 to CY88:
wherein, in Formulae CY1 to CY88,
For example, R2 and R4 to R8 in Formulae CY1 to CY88 may each independently be:
In one or more embodiments, a group represented by
in Formula 1 may be a group represented by one of Formulae A(1) to A(7):
wherein, in Formulae A(1) to A(7),
For example, R9 and R11 in Formula A(1) may each independently be a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, or a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, or a combination thereof.
In one or more embodiments, R9 and R11 in Formula A(1) may each independently be a C1-C20 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C1-C20 alkyl group, or a combination thereof.
In one or more embodiments, R10 and R12 in Formula A(1) may each independently be hydrogen or deuterium.
In one or more embodiments, R9 and R11 in Formula A(1) may be identical to each other.
In one or more embodiments, R9 and R11 in Formula A(1) may be different from each other.
In one or more embodiments, R9 and R11 in Formula A(1) may be different from each other, and the number of carbon atoms included in R11 may be greater than the number of carbon atoms included in R9.
In one or more embodiments, i) at least one of R9 to R12 in Formula A(1), ii) one of R11, R12, and R21 to R26 in Formulae A(2) and A(3), or a combination thereof, iii) one of R9, R12, and R21 to R26 in Formulae A(4) and A(5), or a combination thereof, or iv) one of R9, R10, and R21 to R26 in Formulae A(6) and A(7), or a combination thereof may each independently be a deuterium-containing C1-C20 alkyl group, a deuterium-containing C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, or a deuterium-containing C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, or a combination thereof.
In one or more embodiments, at least one of R9 and R11 in Formula A(1) (for example, R9 and R11 in Formula A(1)) may each independently be a deuterium-containing C1-C20 alkyl group, a deuterium-containing C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, or a deuterium-containing C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, or a combination thereof.
In one or more embodiments, a group represented by
in Formula 1 may be a group represented by Formula A(1) or A(5).
In one or more embodiments, R14 and R16 may each not be hydrogen.
In one or more embodiments, R13, R14, R16, and R17 may each not be hydrogen.
In one or more embodiments, R13, R14, R16, and R17 may each include at least one carbon atom.
In one or more embodiments, i) R13 and R17 may each independently be hydrogen or deuterium, and ii) R14 and R16 may each independently be a C1-C20 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one deuterium.
In one or more embodiments, i) R13 and R17 may each independently be hydrogen or deuterium, and ii) R14 and R16 may each independently be a C2-C20 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one deuterium.
In one or more embodiments, R13, R14, R16, and R17 may each independently be a C1-C20 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one deuterium.
In one or more embodiments, R13, R14, R16, and R17 may each independently be a C2-C20 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one deuterium.
In one or more embodiments, the number of carbon atoms included in a group represented by *-C(R13)(R14)(R19) in Formula 1 may be 5 or greater, and/or the number of carbon atoms included in a group represented by *-C(R16)(R17)(R18) in Formula1 may be 5 or greater.
In one or more embodiments, R13, R14, and R19 of the group represented by *-C(R13)(R14)(R19) in Formula 1 may be linked together to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R1a or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R1a. That is, the group represented by *-C(R13)(R14)(R19) in Formula 1 may be a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R1a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R1a (for example, an adamantane group, a norbornene group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane group (norbornane group), a bicyclo[2.2.2]octane group, a cyclopentane group, a cyclohexane group, or a cyclohexene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R1a).
In one or more embodiments, R16, R17, and R18 of the group represented by *-C(R16)(R17)(R18) in Formula 1 may be linked together to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R1a or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R1a. That is, the group represented by *-C(R16)(R17)(R18) in Formula 1 may be a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R1a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R1a (for example, an adamantane group, a norbornene group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane group (norbornane group), a bicyclo[2.2.2]octane group, a cyclopentane group, a cyclohexane group, or a cyclohexene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R1a).
In one or more embodiments, the organometallic compound may be at least one of Compounds 1 to 43, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
wherein, in Compounds 1 to 43, “TMS” is a trimethylsilyl group, and “TMG” is a trimethylgermyl group.
In one or more embodiments, the organometallic compound may be electrically neutral.
In the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, ring A1 (see Formula 1′) may be a condensed ring in which two benzene groups and one pyridine group are condensed with each other as shown in Formula 1. As a result, a transition dipole moment of the organometallic compound may be improved, a conjugation length of the organometallic compound may be relatively increased, and structural rigidity of the organometallic compound may be increased, thereby reducing non-emission transition. Accordingly, an electronic device, for example, an organic light-emitting device, using the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have high external quantum efficiency (EQE), thereby having high luminescence efficiency.
In addition, since the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have improved emission transition characteristics, improved photoalignment characteristics, and improved structural rigidity, an electronic device, for example, an organic light-emitting device, including the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have high luminescence efficiency and long lifespan.
wherein each of the groups are as defined in Formula 1.
In addition, in one or more embodiments, R18 and R19 in Formula 1 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group. That is, R18 and R19 in Formula 1 may each have two or more carbon atoms. In compounds according to this embodiment, the electron donating ability of Ligand 2 (see Formula 1′) in Formula 1 may be improved, and thus, the interaction between Ligand 1 and Ligand 2 in Formula 1 may be enhanced.
In addition, in one or more embodiments, R20 in the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may not include a fluoro group (—F) and a cyano group. Compounds according to this embodiment may emit light having high color purity (for example, light having a relatively narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of an emission peak of an emission spectrum or an electroluminescence (EL) spectrum).
In one or more embodiments, a FWHM of an emission peak of an emission spectrum or an EL spectrum of the organometallic compound may be 64 nm or less. For example, the FWHM of the emission peak of the emission spectrum or the EL spectrum of the organometallic compound may be in a range of about 45 nanometers (nm) to about 64 nm, about 45 nm to about 59 nm, about 45 nm to about 55 nm, or about 50 nm to about 55 nm.
In one or more embodiments, a maximum emission wavelength (emission peak wavelength, λmax) of the emission peak of the emission spectrum or the EL spectrum of the organometallic compound may be in a range of about 615 nm to about 640 nm. For example, the maximum emission wavelength (emission peak wavelength, λmax) of the emission peak of the emission spectrum or the EL spectrum of the organometallic compound may be in a range of about 615 nm to about 630 nm, or about 620 nm about 630 nm.
A horizontal orientation ratio of the transition dipole moment of the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be from about 90% to about 100%.
For example, the horizontal orientation ratio of the transition dipole moment of the organometallic compound may be, for example, from about 90% to about 100%, from about 91% to about 100%, from about 92% to about 100%, from about 93% to about 100%, from about 94% to about 100%, from about 95% to about 100%, from about 96% to about 100%, from about 97% to about 100%, from about 98% to about 100%, or from about 99% to about 100%, or about 100%.
The horizontal orientation ratio of the transition dipole moment may be evaluated using an angle-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurement apparatus. For a description of the angle-dependent PL measurement apparatus, for example, the angle-dependent PL measurement apparatus described in KR Application No. 2013-0150834 may be referred to.
As described herein, since the horizontal orientation ratio of the transition dipole moment of the organometallic compound is high, when an organic light-emitting device including the organometallic compound is driven, an electric field is emitted in a direction that is substantially parallel with respect to a film containing the organometallic compound, and thus, light loss due to a waveguide mode and/or surface plasmon polariton mode may be reduced. An electronic device emitting light according to this mechanism may have high external extraction efficiency (that is, the external extraction efficiency of light emitted from the organometallic compound from an electronic device (for example, an organic light-emitting device) including a film (for example, an emission layer described below) containing the organometallic compound). Accordingly, an electronic device, for example, an organic light-emitting device, including the organometallic compound may have high luminescence efficiency.
A photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of a film of the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be from about 90% to about 100%. For example, the PLQY in film of the organometallic compound may be from about 91% to about 100%, from about 92% to about 100%, from about 93% to about 100%, from about 94% to about 100%, from about 95% to about 100%, from about 96% to about 100%, from about 97% to about 100%, from about 98% to about 100%, from about 99% to about 100%, or about 100%.
In one or more embodiments, the PLQY of a film of the organometallic compound may be from about 95% to about 99%, from about 96% to about 99%, from about 97% to about 99%, or from about 98% to about 99%.
For a method of measuring the PLQY of a film, for example, Evaluation Example 1 may be referred to.
A method of synthesizing the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art and by referring to conventional synthesis methods in the present field.
Accordingly, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be suitable for use as a dopant in an organic layer, for example, an emission layer, of an organic light-emitting device. Thus, another aspect provides an organic light-emitting device including: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, wherein the emission layer includes at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.
Since the organic light-emitting device has an emission layer including the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 as described above, excellent characteristics may be obtained with respect to driving voltage, external quantum efficiency, and lifespan, and the FWHM of the emission peak of the EL spectrum may be relatively narrow.
In one or more embodiments, the organometallic compound may act as a dopant in the emission layer, and the emission layer may further include a host (that is, an amount of the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 in the emission layer may be smaller than an amount of the host).
In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may emit red light. For example, the emission layer may emit red light having a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 610 nm to about 780 nm.
The expression “(an emission layer) includes at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1” as used herein may include a case in which “(an emission layer) includes identical organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1” and a case in which “(an emission layer) includes two or more different organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1”.
For example, the emission layer may include, as the organometallic compound, only Compound 1. In this regard, Compound 1 may be present in the emission layer of the organic light-emitting device. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may include, as the organometallic compound, Compound 1 and Compound 2.
In the organic light-emitting device, the organic layer may include a hole transport region arranged between the first electrode and the emission layer, and the hole transport region may include an emission auxiliary layer.
The emission auxiliary layer includes a second compound, and the second compound is a heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 2:
wherein, in Formula 2, X30 is N[(L3)m3-Ar5], O, or S.
Z1 in Formula 2 may be a group represented by one of Formulae 2-1 to 2-3:
wherein, in Formulae 2 and 2-1 to 2-3, L1 to L3 are each independently a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C30 carbocyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C30 heterocyclic group.
In one or more embodiments, L1 to L3 may each independently be a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C30 heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
In one or more embodiments, L1 to L3 may each independently be:
m1 to m3 in Formulae 2 and 2-1 to 2-3 are each independently 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.
In one or more embodiments, m1 to m3 may each independently be 1 or 2.
In one or more embodiments, m1 to m3 may each be 1.
* in Formulae 2-1 to 2-3 indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
Ar1 to Ar5 in Formulae 2 and 2-1 to 2-3 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
In one or more embodiments, Ar1 to Ar5 may each independently be:
R31 to R37 in Formula 2 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q1)(Q2), —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), —Ge(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9), or —P(Q8)(Q9).
In one or more embodiments, R31 to R37 may each independently be:
Two or more of R31 to R37 are optionally linked together to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R31a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R31a.
R31a is as described in connection with R31.
In one or more embodiments, the second compound may be represented by one of Formulae 21-1 to 21-3:
wherein, in Formulae 21-1 to 21-3, X30, L1, L2, Ar1 to Ar4, and R31 to R37 are respectively as those described herein.
In one or more embodiments, the second compound may be at least one of Compounds 1-1 to 1-80:
In the organic light-emitting device, the emission layer may include the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, and the emission auxiliary layer may include the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 2. Accordingly, the organic light-emitting device may have excellent luminescence efficiency and long lifespan due to improved hole injection characteristics and may have excellent optical characteristics and processability due to a high refractive index of a material included therein.
In one or more embodiments, the emission auxiliary layer may be in direct contact with the emission layer.
The first electrode may be an anode, which is a hole injection electrode, and the second electrode may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode. Alternatively, the first electrode may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode, and the second electrode may be an anode, which is a hole injection electrode.
In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region may further include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a buffer layer, or a combination thereof.
In one or more embodiments, the organic layer may further include an electron transport region arranged between the emission layer and the second electrode, and
The
A substrate may be additionally arranged under (or beneath) the first electrode 11 or above (or on) the second electrode 19. For use as the substrate, any substrate that is used in organic light-emitting devices available in the art may be used, and the substrate may be a glass substrate or a transparent plastic substrate, each having excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and/or water resistance.
The first electrode 11 may be, for example, formed by depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 11 on the substrate. The first electrode 11 may be an anode. The material for forming the first electrode 11 may be selected from materials with a high work function to facilitate hole injection. The first electrode 11 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. The material for forming the first electrode 11 may be indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), or zinc oxide (ZnO). In one or more embodiments, the material for forming the first electrode 11 may be metal, such as magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), or magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag).
The first electrode 11 may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including a plurality of layers. For example, the first electrode 11 may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO, but the structure of the first electrode 11 is not limited thereto.
The organic layer 15 is arranged on the first electrode 11.
The organic layer 15 may include a hole transport region, an emission layer, and an electron transport region.
The hole transport region may be arranged between the first electrode 11 and the emission layer.
The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a buffer layer, or a combination thereof.
The hole transport region may include only either a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer. In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region may have a hole injection layer/hole transport layer structure or a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/electron blocking layer structure, wherein, for each structure, respective layers are sequentially stacked in this stated order from the first electrode 11.
When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, the hole injection layer may be formed on the first electrode 11 by using one or more suitable methods, for example, vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, and/or Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition.
When the hole injection layer is formed by vacuum deposition, the deposition conditions may vary according to a material that is used to form the hole injection layer, and the structure and thermal characteristics of the hole injection layer. For example, the deposition conditions may include a deposition temperature in a range of about 100° C. to about 500° C., a vacuum pressure in a range of about 10-8 torr to about 10-3 torr, and a deposition rate in a range of about 0.01 angstroms per second (Å/sec) to about 100 Å/sec. However, the deposition conditions are not limited thereto.
When the hole injection layer is formed by spin coating, the coating conditions may vary according to a material that is used to form the hole injection layer, and the structure and thermal characteristics of the hole injection layer. For example, the coating conditions may include a coating speed in a range of about 2,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) to about 5,000 rpm and a heat treatment temperature for removing a solvent after coating in a range of about 80° C. to about 200° C. However, the coating conditions are not limited thereto.
Conditions for forming the hole transport layer and the electron blocking layer may be similar to or the same as the conditions for forming the hole injection layer.
The hole transport region may include at least one of 4,4′,4″-tris(3-methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4′,4″-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (TDATA), 4,4′,4″-tris{N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino}triphenylamine (2-TNATA), N,N′-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine (NPB), β-NPB, N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine (TPD), spiro-TPD, spiro-NPB, methylated NPB, 4,4′-cyclohexylidene bis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)benzenamine] (TAPC), 4,4′-bis[N,N′-(3-tolyl)amino]-3,3′-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD), 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI/DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (PANI/CSA), polyaniline/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compound represented by Formula 201, or a compound represented by Formula 202:
wherein, in Formula 201, Ar101 and Ar102 may each independently be:
xa and xb in Formula 201 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 5, or 0, 1, or 2. For example, xa may be 1, and xb may be 0, but xa and xb are not limited thereto.
R101 to R108, R111 to R119, and R121 to R124 in Formulae 201 and 202 may each independently be:
R109 in Formula 201 may be:
In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
wherein, in Formula 201A, R101, R111, R112, and R109 are respectively as those described herein.
For example, the compound represented by Formula 201 and the compound represented by Formula 202 may include Compounds HT1 to HT20, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
A thickness of the hole transport region may be in a range of about 100 angstroms (Å) to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. When the hole transport region includes at least one of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, a thickness of the hole injection layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and a thickness of the hole transport layer may be in a range of about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within the ranges described above, satisfactory hole transporting characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
The hole transport region may further include, in addition to the materials as described above, a charge-generation material for improving conductive properties. The charge-generation material may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transport region.
The charge-generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may be one of a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound, but embodiments are not limited thereto. Non-limiting examples of the p-dopant are a quinone derivative, such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinonedimethane (F4-TCNQ); a metal oxide, such as a tungsten oxide or a molybdenum oxide; or a cyano group-containing compound, such as Compound HT-D1 or F12, but are not limited thereto.
The hole transport region may further include a buffer layer.
The buffer layer may compensate for an optical resonance distance according to a wavelength of light emitted from the emission layer to increase efficiency.
The emission layer may be formed on the hole transport region by using one or more suitable methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, or LB deposition. When the emission layer is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, the deposition or coating conditions may be similar to those applied in forming the hole injection layer although the deposition or coating conditions may vary according to a material that is used to form the emission layer.
Meanwhile, when the hole transport region includes an electron blocking layer, a material for forming the electron blocking layer may be selected from the materials for forming a hole transport region described above and host materials described below, but embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, when the hole transport region includes an electron blocking layer, the material for forming the electron blocking layer may be mCP, which will be described below.
The emission layer may include a host and a dopant, and the dopant may include the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.
The host may include at least one of 1,3,5-tri(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi), 9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (ADN) (also referred to as “DNA”), 4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP), 4,4′-bis(9-carbazolyl)-2,2′-dimethylbiphenyl (CDBP), 1,3,5-tris(carbazole-9-yl)benzene (tCP), 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP), or one of Compounds H50, H51 and H52, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
In one or more embodiments, the host may further include a compound represented by Formula 301:
wherein, in Formula 301, Ar111 and Ar112 may each independently be:
Ar113 to Ar116 in Formula 301 may each independently be:
g, h, i, and j in Formula 301 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 4, and may be, for example, 0, 1, or 2.
Ar113 and Ar116 in Formula 301 may each independently be:
In one or more embodiments, the host may include a compound represented by Formula 302:
wherein, in Formula 302, Ar122 to Ar125 are each as described in connection with Ar113 in Formula 301.
Ar126 and Ar127 in Formula 302 may each independently be a C1-C10 alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group).
k and l in Formula 302 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 4. For example, k and l may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.
When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full-color organic light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer. In one or more embodiments, due to a stacked structure including a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and/or a blue emission layer, the emission layer may emit white light.
When the emission layer includes a host and a dopant, an amount of the dopant may be in a range of about 0.01 part by weight to about 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the host, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
A thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness of the emission layer is within the range described above, excellent light-emission characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
Next, the electron transport region may be arranged on the emission layer.
The electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or a combination thereof.
For example, the electron transport region may have a hole blocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure or an electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, but the structure of the electron transport region is not limited thereto. The electron transport layer may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including two or more different materials.
Conditions for forming the hole blocking layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron injection layer which constitute the electron transport region may be similar to or the same as the conditions for forming the hole injection layer.
When the electron transport region includes a hole blocking layer, the hole blocking layer may include, for example, at least one of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), or bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato-N1,O8)-(1,1′-biphenyl-4-olato)aluminum (BAlq), but embodiments are not limited thereto:
A thickness of the hole blocking layer may be in a range of about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thickness of the hole blocking layer is within the range described above, excellent hole blocking characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
The electron transport layer may further include at least one of BCP, Bphen, tris(8-hydroxy-quinolinato)aluminum (Alq3), BAlq, 3-(4-biphenylyl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), or 4-(naphthalen-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ), but embodiments are not limited thereto:
In one or more embodiments, the electron transport layer may include at least one of Compounds ET1 to ET25, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
A thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within the range described above, satisfactory electron transporting characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
The electron transport layer may include, in addition to the materials described above, a metal-containing material.
The metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate, LiQ) or ET-D2:
The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that facilitates electron injection from the second electrode 19.
The electron injection layer may include LiF, NaCl, CsF, Li2O, BaO, or a combination thereof.
A thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1 Å to about 100 Å, for example, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within the range described above, satisfactory electron injection characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
The second electrode 19 is arranged on the organic layer 15. The second electrode 19 may be a cathode. A material for forming the second electrode 19 may be metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a combination thereof, which has a relatively low work function. Examples of the material for forming the second electrode 19 may include lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), and magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag). In one or more embodiments, to manufacture a top-emission type light-emitting device, a transmissive electrode formed using ITO or IZO may be used as the second electrode 19.
Hereinbefore, the organic light-emitting device 10 has been described with reference to the
Another aspect provides a diagnostic composition including at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.
The organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may provide high luminescent efficiency. Accordingly, a diagnostic composition including the organometallic compound may have high diagnostic efficiency.
The diagnostic composition may be used in various applications including a diagnosis kit, a diagnosis reagent, a biosensor, and a biomarker.
The term “C1-C60 alkyl group” as used herein refers to a linear or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group. The term “C1-C60 alkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C1-C60 alkyl group.
Examples of the C1-C60 alkyl group, the C1-C20 alkyl group, and/or the C1-C10 alkyl group may include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a 3-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an isononyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an isodecyl group, a sec-decyl group, or a tert-decyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a 3-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an isononyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an isodecyl group, a sec-decyl group, a tert-decyl group, or a combination thereof, but embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, Formula 9-33 is a branched C6 alkyl group, and an example thereof is a tert-butyl group that is substituted with two methyl groups.
The term “C1-C60 alkoxy group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by -OA101 (wherein A101 is the C1-C60 alkyl group). Examples of the C1-C60 alkoxy group, the C1-C20 alkoxy group, or the C1-C10 alkoxy group may include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, and a pentoxy group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
The term “C2-C60 alkenyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by substituting at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C2-C60 alkyl group, and examples thereof include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto. The term “C2-C60 alkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C2-C60 alkenyl group.
The term “C2-C60 alkynyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by substituting at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C2-C60 alkyl group, and examples thereof include an ethynyl group and a propynyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto. The term “C2-C60 alkynylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C2-C60 alkynyl group.
The term “C3-C10 cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon ring group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. The term “C3-C10 cycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C3-C10 cycloalkyl group.
Examples of the C3-C10 cycloalkyl group may include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl(norbornanyl) group, and a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
The term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group including at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Ge, Se, Si, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms as ring forming atoms, and examples thereof include a tetrahydrofuranyl group and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. The term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group.
Examples of the C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group may include a silolanyl group, a silinanyl group, tetrahydrofuranyl group, a tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl group, and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
The term “C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the ring thereof and no aromaticity, and examples thereof include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto. The term “C3-C10 cycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group.
The term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Ge, Se, Si, and S as a ring-forming atom, 2 to 10 carbon atoms as ring forming atoms, and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the ring structure thereof. Examples of the C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group include a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group and a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto. The term “C2-C10 heterocycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group.
The term “C6-C60 aryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group that includes a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and the term “C6-C60 arylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group that includes a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C6-C60 aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto. When the C6-C60 aryl group and the C6-C60 arylene group each include two or more rings, the two or more rings may be fused to each other.
The term “C7-C60 alkyl aryl group” as used herein refers to a C6-C60 aryl group substituted with at least one C1-C60 alkyl group. The term “C7-C60 aryl alkyl group” as used herein refers to a C1-C60 alkyl group substituted with at least one C6-C60 aryl group.
The term “C1-C60 heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a cyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Ge, Se, Si, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms as ring forming atoms. The term “C1-C60 heteroarylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Ge, Se, Si, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms as ring forming atoms. Examples of the C1-C60 heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto. When the C1-C60 heteroaryl group and the C1-C60 heteroarylene group each include two or more rings, the two or more rings may be fused to each other.
The term “C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a C1-C60 heteroaryl group substituted with at least one C1-C60 alkyl group. The term “C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group” as used herein refers to a C1-C60 alkyl group substituted with at least one C1-C60 heteroaryl group.
The term “C6-C60 aryloxy group” as used herein refers to -OA102 (wherein A102 is the C6-C60 aryl group), and the term “C6-C60 arylthio group” as used herein refers to -SA103 (wherein A103 is the C6-C60 aryl group).
The term “C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group” used herein refers to -OA104 (wherein A104 is the C1-C60 heteroaryl group), and the term “C1-C60 heteroarylthio group” as used herein refers to -SA105 (wherein A105 is the C1-C60 heteroaryl group).
The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 8 to 60 carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed to each other, only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group include a fluorenyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.
The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 1 to 60 carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed with each other, at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Ge, Se, Si, and S, other than carbon atoms, as a ring-forming atom, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group include a carbazolyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
The term “C5-C30 carbocyclic group” as used herein refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group having, as a ring-forming atom, 5 to 30 carbon atoms only. The C5-C30 carbocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group. Examples of the “C5-C30 carbocyclic group (unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R1a)” as used herein may include an adamantane group, a norbornene group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane(norbornane) group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octane group, a cyclopentane group, a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a cyclopentadiene group, a silole group, and a fluorene group (each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R1a), but embodiments are not limited thereto.
The term “C1-C30 heterocyclic group” as used herein refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group having, as a ring-forming atom, at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Ge, Se, Si, and S other than 1 to 30 carbon atoms as ring forming atoms. The C1-C30 heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group. Examples of the “C1-C30 heterocyclic group (unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R1a)” as used herein may include a thiophene group, a furan group, a pyrrole group, a silole group, borole group, a phosphole group, a selenophene group, a germole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzofuran group, an indole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, a 9H-fluoren-9-one group, a dibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azaindole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azabenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, an aza-9H-fluoren-9-one group, an azadibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, and a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group (each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R1a), but embodiments are not limited thereto.
The term “TMS” as used herein represents *—Si(CH3)3, and the term “TMG” as used herein represents *—Ge(CH3)3, wherein * represents a bond to a neighboring atom.
At least one substituent of the substituted C5-C30 carbocyclic group, the substituted C1-C30 heterocyclic group, the substituted C1-C60 alkyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, the substituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, the substituted C1-C60 alkylthio group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C6-C60 aryl group, the substituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, the substituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, the substituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, the substituted C6-C60 arylthio group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, the substituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be:
Hereinafter, a compound and an organic light-emitting device according to exemplary embodiments will be described in further detail with reference to Synthesis Example and Examples. However, the disclosed embodiments are not limited thereto.
As an anode, an ITO-patterned glass substrate was cut to a size of 50 millimeters (mm) × 50 mm × 0.5 mm, sonicated with isopropyl alcohol and deionized (DI) water each for 5 minutes, and then cleaned by exposure to ultraviolet rays and ozone for 30 minutes. The resultant ITO-patterned glass substrate was loaded onto a vacuum deposition apparatus.
HT3 and F6-TCNNQ were vacuum-co deposited on the ITO anode at a weight ratio of 98:2 to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 100 Å, HT3 was vacuum-deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 1,350 Å, and then, Compound 1-70 was vacuum-deposited on the hole transport layer to form an emission auxiliary layer having a thickness of 700 Å.
Then, H52 (host) and Compound 4 (dopant) were co-deposited on the emission auxiliary layer at a weight ratio of 98:2 to form an emission layer having a thickness of 400 Å.
Thereafter, ET3 and ET-D1 were co-deposited on the emission layer at a volume ratio of 50:50 to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 350 Å, ET-D1 was vacuum-deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 10 Å, and Al was vacuum-deposited on the electron injection layer to form a cathode having a thickness of 1,000 Å, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device having a structure of ITO (1,500 Å) / HT3 + F6-TCNNQ (2 wt%) (100 Å) / HT3 (1,350 Å) / Compound 1-70 (700 Å) / H52 + Compound 4 (2 wt%) (400 Å) / ET3 + ET-D1 (50%) (350 Å) / ET-D1 (10 Å) / Al (1,000 Å).
Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in a similar manner as in Example 1, except those corresponding compounds shown in Table 1 were used instead of the corresponding compound(s) in Example 1 in forming an emission auxiliary layer and an emission layer.
For the synthesis method of compound 1-70 and 1-53, refer to KR 2016-012895. For the synthesis method of compound 4, 18 and 39, refer to EP 3715437 A1 and US 16/669772.
The maximum emission wavelength of the emission spectrum (λmax. nm), luminescence efficiency (relative value, %, and lifespan characteristics (LT97, relative value, %) of each of the organic light-emitting devices manufactured according to Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 were evaluated. The results thereof are shown in Table 1. As evaluation apparatuses, a current-voltage meter (Keithley 2400) and a luminance meter (Minolta Cs-1000A) were used. The lifespan characteristics (LT97) were evaluated as a relative value by measuring, the amount of time that elapsed until the luminance was reduced to 97% of the initial luminance of 100%.
From Table 1, it was confirmed that the organic light-emitting device according to one or more embodiments had excellent luminescence efficiency and lifespan characteristics. In addition, it was confirmed that the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 6 had higher or equivalent luminescence efficiency and longer or equivalent lifespan than the organic light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 6.
In the organic light-emitting device, the emission layer may include the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, and the emission auxiliary layer may include the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 2. Accordingly, the organic light-emitting device may have excellent luminescence efficiency and long lifespan due to improved hole injection characteristics and may have excellent optical characteristics and processability due to a high refractive index of a material included therein.
In addition, a high-quality electronic apparatus including the organic light-emitting device may be provided.
It should be understood that the exemplary embodiments described in detail herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each exemplary embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other exemplary embodiments. While one or more exemplary embodiments have been described with reference to the
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2022-0023213 | Feb 2022 | KR | national |
