Claims
- 1. An organic light emitting diode device comprising:
(a) a cathode; (b) an anode; and (c) at least two organic layers between said anode and said cathode, wherein said at least two organic layers comprise a first organic layer formed from at least one electron-injection/electron-transport material and a second organic layer formed from at least one hole-injection/hole-transport material, wherein said electron-injection/electron-transport material is adjacent to said cathode and said hole-injection/hole-transport material is adjacent to said anode, said at least one hole-injection/hole-transport material comprising a compound of formula 1:24wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of biphenyl, naphthyl, phenyl and 25Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, C1-C4 alkyl, —C(O)—, —S(O)—, —O—Si—O—, —O—Ge—O—, —O—, 26 and 27R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, F, Cl, —CF3, saturated alkyl of up to 10 carbon atoms, SO2R6, Si(R6)3, and OR6, or R2 and R3 taken together form a heterocyclic ring of up to 8 atoms, wherein one of the 8 atoms is nitrogen and another of the 8 atoms is either nitrogen or oxygen, or R2 and R3 taken together with the phenyl group to which they are attached form a fused polycyclic aromatic system, wherein said fused polycyclic aromatic system comprises up to 16 carbon atoms; R4 and R5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of: 28or R4 and R5 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached are selected from the group consisting of: 29R6 is C1-C4 straight or branched saturated alkyl; R7 and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of —OR9, C1-C4 alkyl, aryl, —SCH3, —CF3, —Cl, —Br, —NO2, and —COOR9; R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl and aryl.
- 2. The device of claim 1, wherein said R1 is
- 3. The device of claim 1, wherein said anode is a bottom electrode and said cathode is a top electrode.
- 4. The device of claim 1, wherein said cathode is a bottom electrode and said anode is a top electrode.
- 5. The device of claim 1, wherein said anode is semi-transparent.
- 6. The device of claim 1, wherein said cathode is semi-transparent.
- 7. The device of claim 3, wherein said anode comprises a metal having a high work function, a metal oxide or mixtures thereof.
- 8. The device of claim 7, wherein said anode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide, indium zinc tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, ruthenium dioxide, molybdenum oxide, nickel oxide and mixtures thereof.
- 9. The device of claim 8, wherein said anode comprises indium tin oxide.
- 10. The device of claim 3, wherein said anode further comprises a layer of dielectric material adjacent to said second organic layer.
- 11. The device of claim 10, wherein said dielectric material is selected from the group consisting of lithium fluoride, cesium fluoride, silicon oxide and silicon dioxide.
- 12. The device of claim 3, wherein said anode further comprises a layer of organic conducting material adjacent to said second organic layer.
- 13. The device of claim 12, wherein said organic conducting material is selected from the group consisting of polyaniline, PEDOT-PSS, and a conducting or semi-conducting organic salt thereof.
- 14. The device of claim 3, wherein said cathode comprises a material having a low work function.
- 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the material having a low work function is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, calcium, samarium, lithium, cesium, and mixtures thereof.
- 16. The device of claim 15, wherein said cathode comprises lithium and aluminum.
- 17. The device of claim 15, wherein said cathode further comprises a layer of dielectric material adjacent to said first organic layer formed from at least one electron-injection/electron-transport material.
- 18. The device of claim 17, wherein said dielectric material is selected from the group consisting of lithium fluoride, cesium fluoride, lithium chloride and cesium chloride.
- 19. The device of claim 18, wherein the cathode comprises magnesium and lithium fluoride and further comprises silver.
- 20. The device of claim 18, wherein the cathode comprises aluminum and lithium fluoride.
- 21. The device of claim 3, wherein said at least one hole-injection/hole-transport material comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of BPA-BCA, NA-DNPB, NA-BCA and mixtures thereof.
- 22. The device of claim 3, further comprising an emitter layer between said first organic layer and said second organic layer.
- 23. The device of claim 22, wherein said emitter layer comprises a host compound.
- 24. The device of claim 23, wherein said host compound is selected from the group consisting of ALQ and IDE-102.
- 25. Th device of claim 22, wherein said emitter layer further comprises a dopant compound.
- 26. The device of claim 25, wherein said dopant compound is selected from the group consisting of Coumarin 6, Coumarin 485, Coumarin, 487, Coumarin 490, Coumarin 498, Coumarin 500, Coumarin 503, Coumarin 504, Coumarin 504T, Coumarin 510, Coumarin 515, Coumarin 519, Coumarin 521, Coumarin 521T, Coumarin 522B, Coumarin 523, Coumarin 525, Coumarin 535, Coumarin 540A, Coumarin 545, a quinacridone derivative, a distyrylamine derivative, IDE-102, rubrene, DCJTB, pyrromethane 546, and mixtures thereof.
- 27. The device of claim 3, wherein said at least one electron-injection/electron-transport material comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of ALQ, and an oxadiazole derivative.
- 28. The device of claim 27, wherein said at least one electron-injection/electron-transport material is ALQ.
- 29. The device of claim 3, wherein said device is a microdisplay device.
- 30. An organic light emitting diode device comprising:
(a) a cathode; (b) an anode; (c) a layer formed from at least one electron-injection/electron-transport material that is adjacent to said cathode; (d) a hole-injection layer that is adjacent to said anode; and (e) at least one hole-transport layer that is adjacent to said hole-injection layer, wherein at least one of said hole-injection and hole-transport layers comprises a compound of formula 1: 31wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of biphenyl, naphthyl, phenyl and 32Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, C1-C4 alkyl, —C(O)—, —S(O)—, —O—Si—O—, —O—Ge—O—, —O—, 33 and 34R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, F, Cl, —CF3, saturated alkyl of up to 10 carbon atoms, SO2R6, Si(R6)3, and OR6, or R2 and R3 taken together form a heterocyclic ring of up to 8 atoms, wherein one of the 8 atoms is nitrogen and another of the 8 atoms is either nitrogen or oxygen, or R2 and R3 taken together with the phenyl group to which they are attached form a fused polycyclic aromatic system, wherein said fused polycyclic aromatic system comprises up to 16 carbon atoms; R4 and R5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of: 35or R4 and R5 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached are selected from the group consisting of: 36R6 is C1-C4 straight or branched saturated alkyl; R7 and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of —OR9, C1-C4 alkyl, aryl, —SCH3, —CF3, —Cl, —Br, —NO2, and —COOR9; and R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl and aryl.
- 31. The device of claim 30, wherein said anode is a bottom electrode and said cathode is a top electrode.
- 32. The device of claim 30, wherein said cathode is a bottom electrode and said anode is a top electrode.
- 33. The device of claim 30, wherein said anode is semi-transparent.
- 34. The device of claim 30, wherein said cathode is semi-transparent.
- 35. The device of claim 31, wherein said anode comprises a metal having a high work function, a metal oxide or mixtures thereof.
- 36. The device of claim 35, wherein said anode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide, indium zinc tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, ruthenium dioxide, molybdenum oxide, nickel oxide and mixtures thereof.
- 37. The device of claim 36, wherein said anode comprises indium tin oxide.
- 38. The device of claim 31, wherein said anode further comprises a layer of dielectric material adjacent to said second hole-injection layer.
- 39. The device of claim 38, wherein said dielectric material is selected from the group consisting of lithium fluoride, cesium fluoride, silicon oxide and silicon dioxide.
- 40. The device of claim 31, wherein said anode further comprises a layer of organic conducting material adjacent to said hole-injection layer.
- 41. The device of claim 40, wherein said organic conducting material is selected from the group consisting of polyaniline, PEDOT-PSS, and a conducting or semi-conducting organic salt thereof.
- 42. The device of claim 31, wherein said cathode comprises a material having a low work function.
- 43. The device of claim 42, wherein the material having a low work function is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, calcium, samarium, lithium, cesium, and mixtures thereof.
- 44. The device of claim 43, wherein said cathode comprises lithium and aluminum.
- 45. The device of claim 31, wherein said cathode further comprises a layer of dielectric material adjacent to said layer formed from at least one electron-injection/electron-transport material.
- 46. The device of claim 45, wherein said dielectric material is selected from the group consisting of lithium fluoride, cesium fluoride, lithium chloride and cesium chloride.
- 47. The device of claim 46, wherein the cathode comprises magnesium and lithium fluoride and further comprises silver.
- 48. The device of claim 46, wherein the cathode comprises aluminum and lithium fluoride.
- 49. The device of claim 31, wherein at least one of said hole-injection and hole-transport layers comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of BPA-BCA, NA-DNPB, NA-BCA and mixtures thereof.
- 50. The device of claim 49, wherein the hole-injection layer comprises BPA-DNPB and the at least one hole transport layer comprises BPA-BCA.
- 51. The device of claim 31, further comprising an emitter layer between said organic layer formed from at least one electron-injection/electron-transport material and said at least one hole-transport layer.
- 52. The device of claim 51, wherein said emitter layer comprises a host compound.
- 53. The device of claim 52, wherein said host compound is selected from the group consisting of ALQ and IDE-102.
- 54. The device of claim 52, wherein said emitter layer further comprises a dopant compound.
- 55. The device of claim 54, wherein said dopant compound is selected from the group consisting of Coumarin 6, Coumarin 485, Coumarin, 487, Coumarin 490, Coumarin 498, Coumarin 500, Coumarin 503, Coumarin 504, Coumarin 504T, Coumarin 510, Coumarin 515, Coumarin 519, Coumarin 521, Coumarin 521T, Coumarin 522B, Coumarin 523, Coumarin 525, Coumarin 535, Coumarin 540A, Coumarin 545, a quinacridone derivative, a distyrylamine derivative, IDE-102, rubrene, DCJTB, pyrromethane 546, and mixtures thereof.
- 56. The device of claim 31, wherein said at least one electron-injection/electron-transport material comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of ALQ, and an oxadiazole derivative.
- 57. The device of claim 56, wherein said at least one electron-injection/electron-transport material is ALQ.
- 58. The device of claim 31, further comprising a first hole-transport layer and a second hole-transport layer.
- 59. The device of claim 58, wherein at least two of the first hole-transport layer, the second hole-transport layer and the hole-injection layer are inter-deposited.
- 60. The device of claim 31, wherein said device is a microdisplay device.
- 61. The device of claim 30, wherein R1 is
- 62. An organic light-emitting diode device that emits green light, comprising:
(a) a bottom electrode that is an anode comprising indium tin oxide; (b) a hole-injection layer adjacent to said anode comprising BPA-DNPB; (c) a hole-transport layer adjacent to said hole-injection layer comprising BPA-BCA; (d) an emitter layer adjacent to said hole-transport layer comprising ALQ and a compound selected from the group consisting of Coumarin 6, Coumarin 485, Coumarin, 487, Coumarin 490, Coumarin 498, Coumarin 500, Coumarin 503, Coumarin 504, Coumarin 504T, Coumarin 510, Coumarin 515, Coumarin 519, Coumarin 521, Coumarin 521T, Coumarin 522B, Coumarin 523, Coumarin 525, Coumarin 535, Coumarin 540A, Coumarin 545 and mixtures thereof; (e) an electron-transport layer adjacent to said emitter layer comprising ALQ; and (f) a top electrode that is a cathode comprising lithium fluoride and aluminum or magnesium and silver.
- 63. An organic light-emitting diode device that emits white or blue light, comprising:
(a) a bottom electrode that is an anode comprising indium tin oxide; (b) a hole-injection layer adjacent to said anode comprising BPA-DNPB; (c) a hole-transport layer adjacent to said hole-injection layer comprising BPA-BCA; (d) an emitter layer adjacent to said hole-transport layer comprising DCJTB, IDE-120 and IDE-102; (e) an electron-transport layer adjacent to said emitter layer comprising ALQ; and (f) a top electrode that is a cathode comprising aluminum and lithium fluoride.
- 64. A microdisplay device, comprising:
(a) at least one bottom electrode that is an anode; (b) at least one top electrode that is a cathode; and (c) at least two organic layers between said at least one bottom electrode and said at least one top electrode, wherein said at least two organic layers comprise a first organic layer formed from at least one electron-injection/electron-transport material that is adjacent to said at least one cathode and a second organic layer formed from at least one hole-injection/hole-transport material that is adjacent to said at least one anode, said at least one hole-injection/hole-transport material comprising a compound of formula 1: 38wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of biphenyl, naphthyl, phenyl and 39Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, C1-C4 alkyl, —C(O)—, —S(O)—, —O—Si—O—, —O—Ge—O—, —O—, 40 and 41R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, F, Cl, —CF3, saturated alkyl of up to 10 carbon atoms, SO2R6, Si(R6)3, and OR6, or R2 and R3 taken together form a heterocyclic ring of up to 8 atoms, wherein one of the 8 atoms is nitrogen and another of the 8 atoms is either nitrogen or oxygen, or R2 and R3 taken together with the phenyl group to which they are attached form a fused polycyclic aromatic system, wherein said fused polycyclic aromatic system comprises up to 16 carbon atoms; R4 and R5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of: 42or R4 and R5 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached are selected from the group consisting of: 43R6 is C1-C4 straight or branched saturated alkyl; R7 and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of —OR9, C1-C4 alkyl, aryl, —SCH3, —CF3, —Cl, —Br, —NO2, and —COOR9; and R9 is selected from the group consisting Of C1-C6 alkyl and aryl.
- 65. The microdisplay device of claim 64, wherein R1 is
- 66. An organic light emitting diode device comprising:
(a) a cathode; (b) an anode; and (c) at least two organic layers between said anode and said cathode, wherein said at least two organic layers comprise a first organic layer formed from at least one electron-injection/electron-transport material and a second organic layer formed from at least one hole-injection/hole-transport material, wherein said electron-injection/electron-transport material is adjacent to said cathode and said hole-injection/hole-transport material is adjacent to said anode, said at least one hole-injection/hole-transport material comprising a compound of formula 1: 45wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of biphenyl, naphthyl, and phenyl; R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, F, Cl, —CF3, saturated alkyl of up to 10 carbon atoms, SO2R6, Si(R6)3, and OR6, or R2 and R3 taken together form a heterocyclic ring of up to 8 atoms, wherein one of the 8 atoms is nitrogen and another of the 8 atoms is either nitrogen or oxygen, or R2 and R3 taken together with the phenyl group to which they are attached form a fused polycyclic aromatic system, wherein said fused polycyclic aromatic system comprises up to 16 carbon atoms; R4 and R5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of: 46or R4 and R5 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached are selected from the group consisting of: 47R6 is C1-C4 straight or branched saturated alkyl; R7 and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of —OR9, C1-C4 alkyl, aryl, —SCH3, —CF3, —Cl, —Br, —NO2, and —COOR9; and R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl and aryl.
- 67. The device of claim 66, wherein R1 is
- 68. The device of claim 66, wherein R4 and R5 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached are selected from the group consisting of:
- 69. The device of claim 66, wherein R4 and R5 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached and are selected from the group consisting of:
- 70. The device of claim 66, wherein R4 and R5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, anthracenyl and fluorenyl.
- 71. An organic light emitting diode device comprising:
(a) a cathode; (b) an anode; and (c) at least two organic layers between said anode and said cathode, wherein said at least two organic layers comprise a first organic layer formed from at least one electron-injection/electron-transport material and a second organic layer formed from at least one hole-injection/hole-transport material, wherein said electron-injection/electron-transport material is adjacent to said cathode and said hole-injection/hole-transport material is adjacent to said anode, said at least one hole-injection/hole-transport material comprising a compound of formula 1: 51wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of biphenyl, naphthyl, phenyl and 52Q is a bond, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, F, Cl, —CF3, saturated alkyl of up to 10 carbon atoms, SO2R6, Si(R6)3, and OR6, or R2 and R3 taken together form a heterocyclic ring of up to 8 atoms, wherein one of the 8 atoms is nitrogen and another of the 8 atoms is either nitrogen or oxygen, or R2 and R3 taken together with the phenyl group to which they are attached form a fused polycyclic aromatic system, wherein said fused polycyclic aromatic system comprises up to 16 carbon atoms; R4 and R5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of: 53or R4 and R5 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached are selected from the group consisting of: 54R6 is C1-C4 straight or branched saturated alkyl; R7 and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of —OR9, C1-C4 alkyl, aryl, —SCH3, —CF3, —Cl, —Br, —NO2, and —COOR9; and R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl and aryl.
- 72. The device of claim 71, wherein R1 is
- 73. The device of claim 71, wherein R2 and R3 are each aryl.
- 74. An organic light emitting diode device comprising:
(a) a cathode; (b) an anode; and (c) at least two organic layers between said anode and said cathode, wherein said at least two organic layers comprise a first organic layer formed from at least one electron-injection/electron-transport material and a second organic layer formed from at least one hole-injection/hole-transport material, wherein said electron-injection/electron-transport material is adjacent to said cathode and said hole-injection/hole-transport material is adjacent to said anode, said at least one hole-injection/hole-transport material comprising a compound of formula 1: 56wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of biphenyl, naphthyl, phenyl and 57Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, C1-C4 alkyl, —C(O)—, —S(O)—, —O—Si—O—, —O—Ge—O—, —O—, 58 and 59R2 and R3 are each aryl; R4 and R5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of: 60or R4 and R5 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached are selected from the group consisting of: 61R6 is C1-C4 straight or branched saturated alkyl, R7 and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of —OR9, C1-C4 alkyl, aryl, —SCH3, —CF3, —Cl, —Br, —NO2, and —COOR9; and R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl and aryl.
- 75. An organic light emitting diode device comprising:
(a) a cathode; (b) an anode; and (c) at least two organic layers between said anode and said cathode, wherein said at least two organic layers comprise a first organic layer formed from at least one electron-injection/electron-transport material and a second organic layer formed from at least one hole-injection/hole-transport material, wherein said electron-injection/electron-transport material is adjacent to said cathode and said hole-injection/hole-transport material is adjacent to said anode, said at least one hole-injection/hole-transport material comprising a compound of formula 1: 62wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of biphenyl, naphthyl, phenyl and 63Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, C1-C4 alkyl, —C(O)—, —S(O)—, —O—Si—O—, —O—Ge—O—, —O—64 and 65R2 and R3 are each C1-C4 straight or branched chain alkyl; R4 and R5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of: 66or R4 and R5 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached are selected from the group consisting of: 67R6 is C1-C4 straight or branched saturated alkyl; R7 and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of —OR9, C1-C4 alkyl, aryl, —SCH3, —CF3, —Cl, —Br, —NO2, and —COOR9; and R9 is selected from the group consisting Of C1-C6 alkyl and aryl.
- 76. An organic light emitting diode device comprising:
(a) a cathode; (b) an anode;and (c) at least two organic layers between said anode and said cathode, wherein said at least two organic layers comprise a first organic layer formed from at least one electron-injection/electron-transport material and a second organic layer formed from at least one hole-injection/hole-transport material, wherein said electron-injection/electron-transport material is adjacent to said cathode and said hole-injection/hole-transport material is adjacent to said anode, said at least one hole-injection/hole-transport material comprising a compound of formula 1: 68wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of biphenyl, naphthyl, phenyl and 69Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, C1-C4 alkyl, —C(O)—, —S(O)—, —O—Si—O—, —O—Ge—O—, —O—, 70 and 71R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, F, Cl, —CF3, saturated alkyl of up to 10 carbon atoms, SO2R6, Si(R6)3, and OR6, or R2 and R3 taken together form a heterocyclic ring of up to 8 atoms, wherein one of the 8 atoms is nitrogen and another of the 8 atoms is either nitrogen or oxygen, or R2 and R3 taken together with the phenyl group to which they are attached form a fused polycyclic aromatic system, wherein said fused polycyclic aromatic system comprises up to 16 carbon atoms; R4 and R5 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heterocycle and are selected from the group consisting of: 72R6 is C1-C4 straight or branched saturated alkyl; R7 and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of —OR9, C1-C4 alkyl, aryl, —SCH3, —CF3, —Cl, —Br, —NO2, and —COOR9; and R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl and aryl.
- 77. The device of claim 76, wherein R1 is
- 78. An organic light emitting diode device comprising:
(a) a cathode; (b) an anode; and (c) at least two organic layers between said anode and said cathode, wherein said at least two organic layers comprise a first organic layer formed from at least one electron-injection/electron-transport material and a second organic layer formed from at least one hole-injection/hole-transport material, wherein said electron-injection/electron-transport material is adjacent to said cathode and said hole-injection/hole-transport material is adjacent to said anode, said at least one hole-injection/hole-transport material comprising a compound of formula 1: 74wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of biphenyl, naphthyl, phenyl and 75Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, C1-C4 alkyl,
C(O)—, —S(O)—, —O—Si—O—, —O—Ge—O—, —O—, 76 and 77R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, F, Cl, —CF3, saturated alkyl of up to 10 carbon atoms, SO2R6, Si(R6)3, and OR6, or R2 and R3 taken together form a heterocyclic ring of up to 8 atoms, wherein one of the 8 atoms is nitrogen and another of the 8 atoms is either nitrogen or oxygen, or R2 and R3 taken together with the phenyl group to which they are attached form a fused polycyclic aromatic system, wherein said fused polycyclic aromatic system comprises up to 16 carbon atoms; R4 and R5 are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heterocycle and are selected from the group consisting of: 78R6 is C1-C4 straight or branched saturated alkyl; R7 and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of —OR9, C1-C4 alkyl, aryl, —SCH3, —CF3, —Cl, —Br, —NO2, and —COOR9; and R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl and aryl.
- 79. The device of claim 78, wherein R1 is
- 80. An organic light emitting diode device comprising:
(a) a cathode; (b) an anode; and (c) at least two organic layers between said anode and said cathode, wherein said at least two organic layers comprise a first organic layer formed from at least one electron-injection/electron-transport material and a second organic layer formed from at least one hole-injection/hole-transport material, wherein said electron-injection-electron-transport material is adjacent to said cathode and said hole-injection/hole-transport material is adjacent to said anode, said at least one hole-injection/hole-transport material comprising a compound of formula 1: 80wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of biphenyl, naphthyl, phenyl and 81Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, C1-C4 alkyl, —C(O)—, —S(O)—, —O—Si—O—, —O—Ge—O—, —O—, 82 and 83R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, F, C, —CF3, saturated alkyl of up to 10 carbon atoms, SO2R6, Si(R6)3, and OR6, or R2 and R3 taken together form a heterocyclic ring of up to 8 atoms, wherein one of the 8 atoms is nitrogen and another of the 8 atoms is either nitrogen or oxygen, or R2 and R3 taken together with the phenyl group to which they are attached form a fused polycyclic aromatic system, wherein said fused polycyclic aromatic system comprises up to 16 carbon atoms; R4 and R5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, anthracenyl and fluorenyl; R6 is C1-C4 straight or branched saturated alkyl; R7 and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of —OR9, C1-C4 alkyl, aryl, —SCH3, —CF3, —Cl, —Br, —NO2, and —COOR9; and R9 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl and aryl.
- 81. The device of claim 80, wherein R1 is
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
[0001] This research was sponsored by U.S. Government contract DUAP contract number F33615-98-2-5156.