Patent Application
20160012800
This application claims the priority benefit of Korean Patent Application NO. 10-2014-0086922 filed on Jul. 10, 2014, which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
1. Field
This document relates to an organic light emitting display and a method of driving the same.
2. Related Art
With the development of information technology, the market for display devices (i.e., media connecting users and information) is growing. In line with this trend, the use of display devices, such as an organic light emitting display (OLED), a liquid crystal display (LCD), and a plasma display panel (PDP), is increasing.
Among the above-mentioned display devices, the organic light emitting display comprises a display panel comprising a plurality of subpixels and a drive unit that drives the display panel. The drive unit comprises a scan driver for supplying a scan signal (or gate signal) to the display panel and a data driver for supplying a data signal to the display panel.
When a scan signal, a data signal, etc. are supplied to the subpixels arranged in a matrix form, an organic light emitting display is able to display an image by allowing selected subpixels to emit light.
However, the characteristics (threshold voltage, current mobility, etc.) of the driving transistor of each subpixel change after a long period of use, thus bringing about various problems to the organic light emitting display, including reduced lifetime of the device caused by a decrease in operating current over time. Hence, a solution to these problems is needed.
In one aspect, there is an organic light emitting display comprising: a display panel including subpixels; a data driver that supplies a data signal to the display panel; a scan driver that supplies a scan signal to the display panel; and a sensing circuit unit that measures the threshold voltages of driving transistors through sensor transistors of the display panel and prepares compensation data, wherein the scan driver turns on the sensor transistor of a selected subpixel to measure the threshold voltage of the driving transistor of the selected subpixel during a vertical blank interval of the display panel, and turns on the sensor transistors of non-selected subpixels to supply voltages below the threshold voltage of organic light emitting diodes to the non-selected subpixels during an image display interval of the display panel.
In another aspect, there is a method of driving an organic light emitting display, the method comprising: turning on the sensor transistor of a selected subpixel to measure the threshold voltage of the driving transistor of the selected subpixel during a vertical blank interval of a display panel; turning on the sensor transistors of non-selected subpixels to supply voltages below the threshold voltage of organic light emitting diodes to the non-selected subpixels during an image display interval of the display panel; and preparing compensation data based on the threshold voltage of the driving transistor and outputting the compensation data.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Hereinafter, an implementation of this document will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in
The timing controller 110 controls the operation timings of the scan driver 120 and data driver 130 by using externally-supplied timing signals such as a vertical synchronization signal Vsync, a horizontal synchronization signal Hsync, a data enable signal DE, and a clock signal CLK.
As the timing controller 110 is able to detect a frame period by counting data enable signals DE for 1 horizontal period, the externally-supplied vertical synchronization signal Vsync and horizontal synchronization signal Hsync may be omitted. Control signals generated by the timing controller 110 comprise a gate timing control signal GDC for controlling the operation timing of the scan driver 120 and a data timing control signal DDC for controlling the operation timing of the data driver 130.
The scan driver 120 sequentially generates scan signals while shifting the level of a gate driving voltage in response to a gate timing control signal GDC supplied from the timing controller 110.
The scan driver 120 supplies scan signals through scan lines SL1 to SLm connected to the subpixels SP included in the display panel 160. The scan driver 120 may be formed in the form of an integrated circuit (IC) and mounted on an external substrate, or may be formed in a bezel area of the display panel 160 in the form of a Gate-In-Panel using a thin film process.
The data driver 130 samples and latches a data signal DATA supplied from the timing controller 110 in response to a data timing control signal DDC supplied from the timing controller 110, and converts it into a data signal in parallel data format. The data driver 130 converts a digital data signal to analog format in response to a gamma reference voltage.
The data driver 130 supplies data signals DATA through data lines DL1 to DLm connected to the subpixels SP included in the display panel 160. The data driver 130 may be formed in the form of an integrated circuit (IC) and mounted on an external substrate, or may be mounted in a bezel area of the display panel 160.
The display panel 160 comprises subpixels SP arranged in a matrix. The subpixels SP emit light in response to a first potential voltage (high voltage) supplied from a first potential voltage line EVDD and a second potential voltage (low voltage) supplied from a second potential voltage line EVSS, as well as a scan signal supplied from the scan driver 120 and a data signal supplied form the data driver 130.
The subpixels SP of the display panel 160 may comprise red subpixels, green subpixels, and blue subpixels, or in some cases may comprise white subpixels. In the display panel 160 comprising white subpixels, the light emitting layer of each of the subpixels SP may emit white light, rather than green and blue lights. In this instance, the emitted white light is converted into red, green, and blue lights by RGB color filters. However, the white subpixels emit white light without the conversion.
The sensing circuit unit 140 measures the threshold voltage of the driving transistors of the subpixels of the display panel 160, and prepares compensation data Comp Data for compensating a data signal DATA. When measuring the threshold voltages of the driving transistors of the subpixels of the display panel 160 and preparing the compensation data Comp Data, the sensing circuit unit 140 supplies an initialization voltage (or reference voltage) through a reference line of the subpixels of the display panel 160 and senses the threshold voltages of the driving transistors through the sensor transistors of the subpixels.
The sensing circuit unit 140 may sense the threshold voltages of the driving transistors in various ways. In a first example, the sensing circuit unit 140 may sense the threshold voltages of the driving transistors of subpixels on a scan-line-by-scan-line basis on the display panel 160 (this is defined as line sensing). Line sensing refers to sensing the threshold voltages of the driving transistors of a line of subpixels.
In a second example, the sensing circuit unit 140 may divide scan lines on the display panel 160 into blocks and sense the threshold voltages of the driving transistors of the subpixels on a block-by-block basis (this is defined as block sensing). Block sensing refers to sensing the threshold voltages of the driving transistors of N blocks of subpixels (N is an integer equal to or greater than 2).
In a third example, the sensing circuit unit 140 may sense the threshold voltages of the driving transistors of the subpixels on a frame-by-frame basis on the display panel 160 (this is defined as frame sensing). Frame sensing refers to sensing the threshold voltages of the driving transistors of all the subpixels of the display panel 160.
In a fourth example, the sensing circuit unit 140 may randomly select one from among line sensing, block sensing, and frame sensing, according to various modes, conditions, or statuses of the display panel 160 and sense the threshold voltages of the driving transistors of subpixels (this is defined as random sensing).
As shown in
The sensing circuit unit 140 may obtain sensing values (Vth sensing data) corresponding to the threshold voltages of the driving transistors in the order of R, W, G, and B subpixels SP, as shown in (a) of
However, the above-mentioned orders are only examples based on the assumption that the display panel 160 comprises four subpixels SP of RGBW, and the present invention is not limited to them. Accordingly, although not shown, provided that the display panel 160 comprises three subpixels SP of RGB, rather than four subpixels SP of RGBW, sensing values (Vth sensing data) corresponding to the threshold voltages of the driving transistors may be obtained in the order of R, G, and B.
However, the characteristics (threshold voltage, current mobility, etc.) of the driving transistor of each subpixel change after a long period of use, thus bringing about various problems to the organic light emitting display, including reduced lifetime of the device caused by a decrease in operating current over time. To solve this, the sensing circuit unit 140 is included in the organic light emitting display, which will be concretely described below.
As shown in
The functions of the elements included in the subpixel SP will be schematically described below.
The storage capacitor serves to store a data signal as a data voltage. The switching transistor serves as a switch to store the data voltage in the storage capacitor. The driving transistor serves to supply a driving current to the organic light emitting diode. The sensor transistor ST serves to connect to nodes Vx, Vz for sensing the characteristics of the driving transistor. The organic light emitting diode serves to emit light.
The above-mentioned subpixel SP is connected to two or more scan lines Scan and Sense and a data line DL1. When a first scan signal is supplied through the first scan line Scan, the subpixel SP operates to store a data signal output from the data driver 130 in the storage capacitor. When a second scan signal is supplied through the second scan line Sense, the subpixel SP operates to perform a sensing operation using the sensing circuit unit 140. A reference line REF is formed between a sensing node Vz of the sensor transistor ST included in the subpixel SP and the sensing circuit unit 140. The sensor transistor ST is connected to the source node Vx of the driving transistor included in the subpixel SP.
As shown in
The switching transistor SW comprises a gate electrode connected to the first scan line Scan, a first electrode connected to the data line DL1, and a second electrode connected to the gate electrode of the driving transistor DT. The driving transistor DT comprises a gate electrode connected to the second electrode of the switching transistor SW, a drain electrode connected to a first potential voltage line EVDD, and a source electrode connected to the anode of the organic light emitting diode.
The storage capacitor Cst comprises one end connected to the gate electrode of the driving transistor DT and the other end connected to the source electrode of the driving transistor DT. The organic light emitting diode OLED comprises an anode connected to the source electrode of the driving transistor DT and a cathode connected to a second potential voltage line EVSS. The sensor transistor ST comprises a gate electrode connected to the second scan line Sense, a second electrode connected to the source electrode of the driving transistor DT, and a first electrode connected to the reference line REF.
The illustrated circuit configuration of the subpixel SP is only an example, and the present invention is not limited to it. For example, one or more of the transistors SW, DT, and ST included in the subpixel SP may be formed as P type, rather than N type. Also, the subpixel SP may further comprise transistors or capacitors that perform other functions, in addition to the illustrated transistors SW, DT, and ST.
The sensing circuit unit 140 may comprise a first circuit portion 141 for converting the voltage of the reference line REF into a pulse voltage, a second circuit portion 143 for outputting the pulse voltage resulting from the conversion by the first circuit portion 141 as a step voltage, a third circuit portion 145 for converting the step voltage output from the second circuit portion 143 to digital format, and a fourth circuit portion 147 for outputting a switching control signal CS during a vertical blank interval.
The above configuration, however, is merely an example, and the sensing circuit unit 140 may have a simple configuration in which the second and third circuit portions 143 and 145 are integrated together and the integrated circuit converts an analog voltage sensed through the reference line REF into a digital voltage and outputs the digital voltage. In this case, an initialization voltage fed through the reference line REF may be a negative voltage or a positive voltage, and may vary between the negative voltage and the positive voltage. The initialization voltage fed through the reference line REF may be chosen as positive so long as it is below the threshold voltage OLED Vth of the organic light emitting diode.
The first circuit portion 141 obtains a sensing value (Vth sensing data) by sensing the threshold voltage of the driving transistor DT of the subpixel SP through the reference line REF. In response to a switching control signal CS supplied from the fourth circuit portion 147, the first circuit portion 141 performs a switching operation to supply an initialization voltage supplied through an initialization voltage terminal VINIT to the reference line REF or convert the voltage of the reference line REF into a pulse voltage.
To this end, the first circuit portion 141 may be configured as a passive element, along with N switching circuits (N is 1 or greater) that electrically connect the output end of the initialization voltage terminal VINIT and the reference line REF or electrically connect the input end of the second circuit portion 143 and the reference line REF, in response to the switching control signal CS. If the first circuit portion 141 is a passive element, the stability and uniformity of voltages input and output through the input end of the second circuit portion 143 and the output end of the initialization voltage terminal VINIT can be improved. The first circuit portion 141 may consist of a resistor, a capacitor, etc.; however, if the first circuit portion 141 is a passive element, these elements may be omitted depending on the circuit configuration and performance.
The second circuit portion 143 is configured as a charge pump circuit that accumulates an input voltage and boosts an output voltage so that the pulse voltage resulting from the conversion using the switching operation of the first circuit portion 141 is output as a step voltage. The second circuit portion 143 has the above configuration to reduce noise (the resistance component and the capacitor component) generated on the reference line REF or the like at the time of sensing.
The third circuit portion 145 is configured as an analog-to-digital converter to convert an analog step voltage output from the second circuit portion 143 to digital format. The third circuit portion 145 serves to convert an analog step voltage into a digital step voltage, and prepares compensation data Comp Data for compensating a data signal based on the step voltage. The third circuit portion 145 may directly prepare compensation data Comp data for determining the level of compensation through various calculation processes, or may indirectly prepare only the difference relative to the previous value based on the step voltage.
The fourth circuit portion 147 outputs a switching control signal CS for controlling the switching operation (or sensing operation) of the first circuit portion 141. The fourth circuit portion 147 outputs a switching control signal CS at the start and end of the vertical blank interval which is the time between frames.
The fourth circuit portion 147 outputs a switching control signal CS for activating the switching operation of the first circuit portion 141 at the start of the vertical blank interval, and outputs a switching control signal CS for deactivating the switching operation of the first circuit portion 141 at the end of the vertical blank interval. When the switching operation of the first circuit portion 141 is activated, the sensing circuit unit 140 goes into sensing start mode, and when the switching operation of the first circuit portion 141 is deactivated, the sensing circuit unit 140 goes into sensing standby mode.
The characteristics (threshold voltage, current mobility, etc.) of the driving transistor of each subpixel SP of the above-described display panel change over time with the internal or external environment. The sensing circuit unit 140 serves to sense these characteristics and prepare compensation data Comp Data for compensating a data signal. The data driver 130 serves to compensate and output the data signal based on the compensation data Comp Data supplied from the sensing circuit unit 140.
The sensing circuit unit 140 may be included in the data driver 130. Based on this, a modification of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
As shown in
The memory 132 is located inside or outside the data driver 130, and has at least one bank allocated to it. Compensation data is written to the memory 132. The compensation data written to the memory 132 is written or read by the data signal compensator 135.
The data signal compensator 135 serves to compensate a data signal DATA based on compensation data Comp Data supplied from the sensing circuit unit 140. The data signal compensator 135 reads (R) previous compensation data and writes (W) new compensation data through different banks of the memory 132.
To this end, the data signal compensator 135 occupies only the first bank of the memory 132, and reads (R) previous compensation data and writes (W) new compensation data through the first bank. In this case, however, a data collision or the like may occur during read and write operations (R) and (W) of compensation data. To solve this problem, the data signal compensator 135 may occupy the first and second banks of the memory 132, and read (R) previous compensation data and write (W) new compensation data through these banks. However, this is merely an illustration, and the allocation of banks of the memory 132 and the operation of the data signal compensator 135 may vary depending on the sensing method (line sensing, block sensing, frame sensing, etc.).
The data signal converter 138 serves to convert a digital data signal into an analog data signal. The data signal converter 138 converts a data signal compensated by the data signal compensator 135 or a non-compensated data signal in response to a gamma reference voltage. The data signal output part 139 serves to output a data signal DATA.
With the above-described configuration, when the characteristics of the driving transistor DT of each subpixel SP of the display panel are sensed, compensation data Comp Data for compensating the data signal is prepared based on these characteristics. However, this is merely an illustration, and the sensing circuit unit 140 and the data driver 130 are not limited to this configuration and may be modified in various ways.
A compensation method using the above-described sensing circuit unit 140 is implemented in a way that enables real time compensation, because sensing data and compensation data Comp Data are prepared during the vertical blank interval (or sensing and compensation data generation interval) and the compensation data is output during an image display interval (or data signal write interval). The sensing and compensation data generation interval and the data signal write interval may be within the same frame. Alternatively, the sensing and compensation data generation interval and the data signal write interval may have a time gap of multiple frames. That is, the sensing data and compensation data for a set of subpixels may be prepared during a vertical blank interval, and the compensated display data corresponding to the set of subpixels may be output during an image display interval occurring multiple frames after the vertical blank interval of the sensing operation.
However, the results of implementation and testing of the above-described organic light emitting display show that the following problem may occur. Thus, a solution to this problem was devised.
As shown in
As shown in
The test example has an advantage in terms of real-time compensation over frame sensing since the position of a target (RT position) to be sensed is randomly (or sequentially) chosen (line sensing and block sensing). This is because an increase in the number of targets to be sensed for real-time compensation causes difficulties in real-time compensation (including problems associated with saving sensing data, the time required for compensation data calculation, etc.). Nevertheless, the compensation operation of the test example, too, will eventually prepare sensing and compensation data across every line.
However, the result of the test shows that random choosing of the position of a target (RT position) to be sensed for real-time compensation brings about the following problem.
As shown in (a) of
On the contrary, as shown in (b) of
As can be seen from the charging curves of
As shown in
The biggest reason for the above-mentioned problem in the test example is because there is a voltage difference between the source nodes Vx of the driving transistors of the non-RT subpixel B and the RT subpixel A.
Hereinafter, the test example and the exemplary embodiment for solving the problems occurring in the test example will be described in detail by referring to
In the test example, the position of a target (RT position) to be sensed for real-time compensation was randomly (or sequentially) chosen. Also, as shown in
As a consequence, the gate node Va and source node Vx of the driving transistor DT of the non-RT subpixel were charged in such a way that their voltages increase non-linearly toward saturation as shown in
In the exemplary embodiment, the position of a target (RT position) to be sensed for real-time compensation was randomly (or sequentially) chosen. Also, as shown in
As a consequence, the gate node Va and source node Vx of the driving transistor DT of the non-RT subpixel were charged in such a way that their voltages increase non-linearly toward saturation and then increase non-linearly again toward saturation, as shown in
By turning on the sensor transistor ST of the non-RT subpixel, the source node Vx of the driving transistor DT of the non-RT subpixel is discharged for a predetermined time during the image display interval. This allows the voltage pattern at the node Vx of the non-RT subpixel to mimic the voltage pattern at the node Vx of a RT subpixel that received compensation data during an image display interval. However, turning on the sensor transistors of the non-RT subpixels is one example of discharging the node Vx of non-RT subpixels, and the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the display panel may further comprise other elements such as capacitors etc. that perform discharging of the node Vx of the non-RT subpixels, in addition to or in place of the illustrated sensor transistors ST.
A comparison between the test example and the exemplary embodiment will be made below.
In the test example, the sensor transistor ST of the non-RT subpixel is not driven because data compensation is applied only to the RT subpixel. That is, as shown in
In the exemplary embodiment, on the other hand, the sensor transistor ST of the non-RT subpixel is driven even though data compensation is applied only to the RT subpixel. That is, as shown in
In the exemplary embodiment, the second scan signal is likewise applied as a signal for turning on the sensor transistor ST of the non-RT subpixel during an image display interval (or data signal write interval) such as “PP” so the node Vx between the organic light emitting diode and the driving transistor of the non-RT subpixel is discharged for a predetermined time during the image display interval.
Meanwhile, a data signal, as well as a compensated data signal for RT subpixels, is applied to every subpixel in response to a sequentially-supplied first scan signal. Therefore, in the exemplary embodiment, a second scan signal is produced and supplied to sequentially turn on the sensor transistor ST of every non-RT subpixel during the image display interval (or data signal write interval).
According to the test example, the second scan signal changes to and stays at logic high for a predetermined time to turn on only the sensor transistor ST of the RT subpixel during the vertical blank interval. On the contrary, according to the exemplary embodiment, the second scan signal changes to and stays at logic high for a predetermined time to turn on only the sensor transistor ST of the RT subpixel during the vertical blank interval (1: sensing operation), and also changes to and stays at logic high for a predetermined time to turn on the non-RT subpixel during the image display interval (2: compensation operation).
That is, in the exemplary embodiment, the non-RT subpixels are re-boosted by sequentially turning on their sensor transistors ST, in order to solve the problem occurring in the test example (the charging deviation between the RT subpixel and the non-RT subpixel). In this case, the re-boosted non-RT subpixels, like the RT subpixels, may have a tendency to be instantaneously discharged (or turned off) and then recharged, because the re-boosted non-RT subpixels receive voltages below the threshold voltage of the organic light emitting diodes. Therefore, the expression “re-boost” is used because the organic light emitting diodes of the non-RT subpixels have a tendency to be instantaneously discharged (or turned off) and then recharged, but it may be construed otherwise.
As a consequence, as shown in (a) and (b) of
However, the charging patterns in
As shown in (a) of
On the contrary, as shown in (b) of
The foregoing exemplary embodiment has been described with an example where the position of a target (RT position) to be sensed for real-time compensation is randomly chosen. However, the present invention also applies to when the position of a target (RT position) to be sensed for real-time compensation is sequentially chosen.
As shown in
As shown in
Moreover, as shown in
Similarly, the sensor transistors of the non-RT subpixels may be turned on sequentially during the image display interval. The non-RT subpixels may be arranged into N blocks and the second scan signal may change to logic high simultaneously in one block so that every sensor transistor within the same block is simultaneously turned on, and the transition to logic high may occur sequentially on a block-by-block basis. However, this is merely an illustration, and other configurations may be used to turn on the sensor transistors.
The charging deviation between the non-RT subpixel B and the RT subpixel A may vary depending on the characteristics of the display panel, the response speed of the device, etc. To overcome this, the turn-on time of the sensor transistor ST of the non-RT subpixel may need to be varied.
Therefore, in the exemplary embodiment, the pulse width of the second scan signal may be varied (Var) as shown in
As seen from above, the present invention offers the advantage of solving the problem of reduced lifetime of the device caused by a decrease in operating current due to changes over time in the characteristics (threshold voltage, current mobility, etc.) of the driving transistor of each subpixel. Moreover, the present invention offers the advantage of preventing and improving a luminance deviation caused by real-time compensation by controlling a subpixel selected for compensation and subpixels not selected for compensation such that the nodes of the anodes of the organic light emitting diodes of both the selected subpixel and the non-selected subpixels show a similar or the same charging status.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2014-0086922 | Jul 2014 | KR | national |
