Patent Grant
9013375
This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2011-0023427, filed on Mar. 16, 2011, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
One or more embodiments relate to an organic light-emitting display apparatus and a method of driving the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
Various types of flat panel display apparatuses have been recently developed that reduce weight and volume. Weight and volume are disadvantages of cathode ray tubs (CRTs), have been recently developed. Flat panel display apparatuses may include liquid crystal display (LCD) apparatuses, field emission display (FED) apparatuses, plasma display panel (PDP) apparatuses, organic light-emitting display apparatuses, etc.
Among flat panel display apparatuses, organic light-emitting display apparatuses display images on an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) by generating light due to the recombination of electrons and holes. Organic light-emitting display apparatuses have fast response speeds and are driven with low power consumption.
One or more embodiments are directed to an organic light-emitting display apparatus, and a method of driving the same.
According to an embodiment, there may be an organic light-emitting display apparatus including: a plurality of pixels each including an organic light-emitting diode (OLED); and a power supply voltage driving unit generating a first power supply voltage having a first level that varies according to time and a second power supply voltages having a second level that varies according to time, the power supply voltage driving unit supplying the first and the second power supply voltages to the plurality of pixels, wherein the power supply voltage driving unit includes: a first resistor connected to a gate of a second transistor for pulling-down the first power supply voltage; and a second resistor connected to a gate of a fourth transistor for pulling-down the second power supply voltage.
The power supply voltage driving unit may include: a first power supply voltage generation unit generating and outputting the first power supply voltage; and a second power supply voltage generation unit generating and outputting the second power supply voltage, and wherein the first power supply voltage generation unit includes: a first transistor including a gate connected to a first power supply voltage control signal, a first terminal connected to a direct current (DC) power supply voltage, and a second terminal connected to a first output line of the first power supply voltage; and the second transistor including a gate connected to the first resistor, a first terminal connected to the first output line of the first power supply voltage, and a second terminal connected to a ground line, and wherein the second power supply voltage generation unit includes: a third transistor including a gate connected to a third power supply voltage control signal, a first terminal connected to the DC power supply voltage, and a second terminal connected to a second output line of the second power supply voltage; and the fourth transistor including a gate connected to the second resistor, a first terminal connected to the second output line of the second power supply voltage, and a second terminal connected to the ground line, and wherein the first resistor is connected between a second input line of a second power supply voltage control signal and the gate of the second transistor, and the second resistor is connected between a fourth input line of a fourth power supply voltage control signal and the gate of the fourth transistor.
The first resistor and the second resistor may be variable resistors, and the first and third transistors may be p-type transistors, and the second and fourth transistors may be n-type transistors, and wherein the first power supply voltage generation unit includes: a first detector detecting a second gate level of a second gate voltage applied to the gate of the second transistor; and a first resistor controlling unit reducing a first resistance of the first resistor when a second control signal level of the second power supply voltage control signal is changed from a low level to a high level and when the second gate level of the second gate voltage applied to the gate of the second transistor exceeds a first reference voltage level, and wherein the second power supply voltage generation unit includes: a second detector detecting a fourth gate level of a fourth gate voltage applied to the gate of the fourth transistor; and a second resistor controlling unit reducing a second resistance of the second resistor when a fourth control signal level of the fourth power supply voltage control signal is changed from a low level to a high level and when the fourth gate level of the fourth gate voltage applied to the gate of the fourth transistor exceeds a second reference voltage level.
The first reference voltage level may be a first reference voltage value at which a Miller effect occurs at the gate of the second transistor when the second power supply voltage control signal is changed from the low level to the high level, and the second reference voltage level may be a second reference voltage value at which the Miller effect occurs at the gate of the fourth transistor when the fourth power supply voltage control signal is changed from the low level to the high level.
Each of the plurality of pixels may include: a first pixel transistor including a gate connected to scan lines, a first terminal connected to data lines, and a second terminal connected to a first node; a second pixel transistor including a gate connected to a second node, a first terminal connected to the first power supply voltage, and a second terminal connected to an anode of the OLED; a third pixel transistor including a gate connected to control lines, a first terminal connected to the gate of the second pixel transistor, and a second terminal connected to the second terminal of the second pixel transistor; a first capacitor connected between the first power supply voltage and the first node; a second capacitor connected between the first node and the second node; and the OLED including the anode connected to the second terminal of the second pixel transistor and a cathode connected to the second power supply voltage, and wherein the first through third pixel transistors are p-type transistors.
The first power supply voltage may drop from a high voltage level to a low voltage level in a period in which the second pixel transistor is turned on so as to initialize an OLED voltage at the anode of the OLED. The second power supply voltage may drop from a high voltage level to a low voltage level in a period in which the second pixel transistor is turned on so that the OLED emits light.
The first power supply voltage and the second power supply voltage may be commonly supplied to the plurality of pixels.
Each of the plurality of pixels may include: a first pixel transistor including a gate connected to scan lines, a first terminal connected to data lines, and a second terminal connected to a first node; a second pixel transistor including a gate connected to a second node, a first terminal connected to a cathode of the OLED, and a second terminal connected to the second power supply voltage; a third pixel transistor including a gate connected to control lines, a first terminal connected to the first terminal of the second pixel transistor, and a second terminal connected to the gate of the second pixel transistor; a first capacitor connected between the first node and the second power supply voltage; a second capacitor connected between the first node and the second node; and the OLED including an anode connected to the first power supply voltage and a cathode connected to the first terminal of the second pixel transistor, and wherein the first through third pixel transistors are n-type transistors.
The organic light-emitting display apparatus may further include: a scan driving unit generating scan signals and supplying the scan signals to the plurality of pixels through the scan lines; a data driving unit generating data voltages and supplying the data voltages to the plurality of pixels through the data lines; a control line driving unit generating control signals for turning on the third pixel transistor in a threshold voltage compensating-for period so as to store a second capacitor voltage corresponding to a threshold voltage of the second pixel transistor in the second capacitor and supplying the control signals to the plurality of pixels through the control lines; and a timing driving unit controlling the scan driving unit, the data driving unit, the power supply voltage driving unit, and the control line driving unit.
Resistances of the first resistor and the second resistor may be determined by a sum of capacitance derived between the first power supply voltage and the second power supply voltage in the plurality of pixels.
According to another embodiment, there may be a method of driving an organic light-emitting display apparatus, the organic light-emitting display apparatus including a plurality of pixels, wherein a first level of a first power supply voltage supplied to the plurality of pixels is changed according to time, and a circuitry for generating the first power supply voltage includes a first transistor for pulling-up the first power supply voltage, a second transistor for pulling-down the first power supply voltage, and a first resistor connected to a gate of the second transistor and having a variable resistance, the method including: when a first control signal level of a first power supply voltage control signal supplied to the gate of the second transistor through the first resistor is changed so that the first power supply voltage is changed from a high voltage level to a low voltage level, detecting a second gate voltage applied to the gate of the second transistor; and if the second gate voltage applied to the gate of the second transistor exceeds a first reference voltage level, reducing a first resistance of the first resistor.
The first reference voltage level may be a first reference voltage value at which a Miller effect occurs at the gate of the second transistor when the first level of the first power supply voltage control signal is changed so that the first power supply voltage is changed from the high voltage level to the low voltage level.
A second level of a second power supply voltage supplied to the plurality of pixels may be changed according to time, and a circuitry for generating the second power supply voltage may include a third transistor for pulling-up the second power supply voltage, a fourth transistor for pulling-down the second power supply voltage, and a second resistor connected to a gate of the fourth transistor and having a variable resistance, the method further including: when a second control signal level of a second power supply voltage control signal supplied to the gate of the fourth transistor through the second resistor is changed so that the second power supply voltage is changed from a high voltage level to a low voltage level, detecting a fourth gate voltage applied to the gate of the fourth transistor; and if the fourth gate voltage applied to the gate of the fourth transistor exceeds a first reference voltage level, reducing a second resistance of the second resistor.
The first and third transistors may be p-type transistors and the second and fourth transistors may be n-type transistors.
The plurality of pixels may include a first node which is connected to the first power supply voltage through a first capacitor and to which a data voltage is applied through a first pixel transistor, and a second node connected to the first node through a second capacitor and connected to the gate of the second pixel transistor, and the second pixel transistor is connected between the first power supply voltage and an anode of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), and the third pixel transistor is connected between the gate of the second pixel transistor and a second terminal of the second pixel transistor and thereby diode-connecting the second pixel transistor according to a control signal, and the second power supply voltage is connected to a cathode of the OLED, the method further including: a resetting operation of supplying the first and second power supply voltages having the high voltage level to the plurality of pixels and initializing a first node voltage value; an initialization operation of dropping the first power supply voltage from the high voltage level to the low voltage level, initializing an anode voltage value of the OLED to the low voltage level and then rising the first power supply voltage to the high voltage level; a threshold voltage compensating-for operation of diode-connecting the second pixel transistor by turning on the third pixel transistor and storing a second capacitor voltage value corresponding to a threshold voltage of the second pixel transistor in the second capacitor; a scanning/data inputting operation of sequentially turning on the first pixel transistor of the plurality of pixels to store the data voltage in the first capacitor of the plurality of pixels; and an emission operation of allowing the OLED to emit light by dropping the second power supply voltage to the low voltage level.
The first through third pixel transistors may be p-type transistors. The method may further include, after the emission operation of allowing the OLED to emit light, a non-emitting operation of turning off the OLED by rising the second power supply voltage up to the high voltage level.
The first power supply voltage and the second power supply voltage may be commonly supplied to the plurality of pixels.
Resistances of the first resistor and the second resistor may be determined by a sum of capacitance derived between the first power supply voltage and the second power supply voltage in the plurality of pixels.
The above and other features will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings in which:
Example embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings; however, they may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Present embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings in which exemplary embodiments are shown.
Referring to
The pixel unit 130 includes the pixels 140 disposed near the intersections of the scan lines 51 through Sn and the data lines D1 through Dm. The pixel 140 to which a data voltage is to be applied controls the amount of current supplied to the second power supply line ELVSS via an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) from the first power supply line ELVDD. Then, light with a predetermined luminance is generated by the OLED.
In the present embodiment, at least one of the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) and the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) is applied to each pixel 140 of the pixel unit 130 as voltage values changed for a frame period.
Control signals for driving the first and second power supply voltages ELVDD(t) and ELVSS(t) may be input to the power supply voltage driving unit 170. The control signals input to the power supply voltage driving unit 170 may be generated by the timing controller 150 or the scan driving unit 110 and may be input to the power supply voltage driving unit 170.
To this end, the power supply voltage driving unit 170 is controlled by the timing controller 150 and generates the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) and the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t). The first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) and the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) may be driven by using three methods.
In the first method, the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) is applied to each pixel 140 as voltage values having three different levels, and the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) is applied to each pixel 140 as a fixed low level, e.g., a ground voltage GND.
In this case, since the power supply voltage driving unit 170 outputs a voltage value having a predetermined level, e.g., the ground voltage GND, as the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t), a circuit terminal for driving the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) does not need to be provided, and costs may be reduced. Since the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) requires a negative voltage value, e.g., −3 V, from among three voltage levels, the configuration of a circuit for generating the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) may be complicated.
In the second method, both the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) and the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) are applied to each pixel 140 as voltage values having two voltage levels. In this case, the power supply voltage driving unit 170 includes circuit terminals for driving the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) and the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t), respectively.
The third method is performed opposite to the first method. In the third method, the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) is applied to each pixel 140 as a voltage value having a fixed high level, and the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) is applied to each pixel 140 as voltage values having three different levels.
In this case, since the power supply voltage driving unit 170 outputs a voltage value having a predetermined level as the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t), an additional circuit terminal for driving the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) does not need to be provided, and costs may be reduced. Since the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) requires a positive voltage value from among three voltage levels, the configuration of a circuit terminal for driving the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) may be complicated.
Also, embodiments may be applied to various methods of driving the organic light-emitting display apparatus 100 whereby the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) and the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) vary according to time.
First through fourth power supply voltage control signals SC1, SC2, SC3, and SC4 are input to the power supply voltage driving unit 170a, and the power supply voltage driving unit 170a generates and outputs the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) and the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t). The power supply voltage driving unit 170a includes a first power supply voltage generation unit 210b and a second power supply voltage generation unit 220a.
The first and second power supply voltage control signals SC1 and SC2 are input to the first power supply voltage generation unit 210a, and the first power supply voltage generation unit 210a generates the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t). The first power supply voltage generation unit 210a includes a first transistor TR1, a second transistor TR2, and a first resistor R1 connected to a gate of the second transistor TR2. The first resistor R1 is connected between an input line of the second power supply voltage control signal SC2 and the gate of the second transistor TR2. The first resistor R1 may be a fixed or variable resistor. The first transistor TR1 may be a p-type transistor, and the second transistor TR2 may be an n-type transistor. The first transistor TR1 includes a gate to which the first power supply voltage control signal SC1 is input, a first terminal connected to a direct current (DC) power supply voltage Vdc, and a second terminal connected to an output line of the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t). The second transistor TR2 includes a gate connected to the first resistor R1, a first terminal connected to the output line of the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t), and a second terminal connected to a ground line.
The third and fourth power supply voltage control signals SC3 and SC4 are input to the second power supply voltage generation unit 220a, and the second power supply voltage generation unit 220a generates the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t). The second power supply voltage generation unit 220a includes a third transistor TR3, a fourth transistor TR4, and a second resistor R2 connected to a gate of the fourth transistor TR4. The second resistor R2 is connected to an input line of the fourth power supply voltage control signal SC4 and the gate of the fourth transistor TR4. The second resistor R2 may be a fixed or variable resistor. The third transistor TR3 may be a p-type transistor, and the fourth transistor TR4 may be an n-type transistor. The third transistor TR3 includes a gate to which the third power supply voltage control signal SC3 is input, a first terminal connected to the DC power supply voltage Vdc, and a second terminal connected to an output line of the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t).
A resistance of the first resistor R1 may be determined by the sum of capacitances of the pixels 140 presented on the output line of the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t), and a resistance of the second resistor R2 may be determined by the sum of capacitances of the pixels 140 presented on the output line of the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t). As the sum of capacitances of the pixels 140 increases, the resistances of the first and second resistors R1 and R2 increase, and as the sum of capacitances of the pixels 140 decreases, the resistances of the first and second resistors R1 and R2 decrease.
The organic light-emitting display apparatus 100 may use a method of driving the organic light-emitting display apparatus 100 whereby voltage values of the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) and the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) vary according to time, as illustrated in
During the period P1, each of the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) and the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) has a high voltage level, i.e., a level of the DC power supply voltage Vdc. During the period P1, the first and third power supply voltage control signals SC1 and SC3 both have a low level L so that the first and third transistors TR1 and TR3 are turned on, and the second and fourth power supply voltage control signals SC2 and SC4 both have a low level L so that the second and fourth transistors TR2 and TR4 are turned off. Thus, during the period P1, a current path is formed between the output line of the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) and the DC power supply voltage Vdc so that the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) with a high voltage level is output, and a current path is formed between the output line of the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) and the DC power supply voltage Vdc so that the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) with a high voltage level is output.
When the period P2 is about to start, in order to the level of the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) to drop to a low voltage level, i.e., a ground voltage level, the first and second power supply voltage control signals SC1 and SC2 are changed to have a high level H. In the present embodiment, the first resistor R1 is disposed between an input line of the second power supply voltage control signal SC2 and the gate of the second transistor TR2 so that, when the level of the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) is dropping to the low voltage level, the level of the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) gradually drops with a predetermined slope. In other words, according to an embodiment, when the level of the second power supply voltage control signal SC2 is changed from the low level L to the high level H, the second power supply voltage control signal SC2 is applied to the gate of the second transistor TR2 through the first resistor R1. Thus, the speed of a change in control signal levels at the gate of the second transistor TR2 is decreased, and thus, the speed of a change in the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) is also decreased. Thus, according to an embodiment, when the period P2 is about to start, voltage levels of the first and second power supply voltage control signals SC1 and SC2 are changed from the low level L to the high level H, during the period P2, the level of the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) is gradually changed from a high voltage level to a low voltage level and is maintained at the low voltage level in the period P3.
When the period P4 is about to start, the first and second power supply voltage control signals SC1 and SC2 are changed from the high level H to the low level L. Thus, during the period P4, similarly to the period P1, both of the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) and the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) have a high voltage level.
When the period P5 is about to start, in order for the level of the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) to drop to a low voltage level, voltage levels of the third and fourth power supply voltage control signals SC3 and SC4 are changed into the high level H. In the present embodiment, the second resistor R2 is disposed between the input line of the fourth power supply voltage control signal SC4 and the gate of the fourth transistor TR4 so that the level of the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) gradually drops from a high voltage level into a low voltage level with a predetermined slope. In other words, according to the present embodiment, when the level of the fourth power supply voltage control signal SC4 is changed from the low level L to the high level H, the fourth power supply voltage control signal SC4 is applied to the gate of the fourth transistor TR4 through the second resistor R2, the speed of a change in the control signal level at the gate of the fourth transistor TR4 is decreased, and thus, the speed of a change in the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) is also decreased. Thus, according to an embodiment, when the period P5 is about to start and levels of the third and fourth power supply voltage control signals SC3 and SC4 are changed from the low level L to the high level H, during the period P5, the level of the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) is gradually changed from the high voltage level to the low voltage level and is maintained at the low voltage level during the period P6.
When the period P7 is about to start, the levels of the third and fourth power supply voltage control signals SC3 and SC4 are changed from the high level H to the low level L. Thus, during the period P7, similarly to the period P1, both of the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) and the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) have a high voltage level.
According to embodiments, the organic light-emitting display apparatus 100 of
Contrary to this, as illustrated in
Since the surge current is several tens of amperes (A), a power supply for supplying the DC power supply voltage Vdc may be burdened. Thus, the life span of elements of the pixel unit 130 may be reduced, or the elements of the pixel unit 130 may be destroyed.
According to an embodiment, as described above, when the level of the first or second power supply voltage ELVDD(t) or ELVSS(t) drops, the speed of a change in the levels of the first and second power supply voltages ELVDD(t) and ELVSS(t) is decreased so that current of the output line of the second or first power supply voltage ELVSS(t) or ELVDD(t) is maintained at a load current level and a surge current is prevented from being generated in the organic light-emitting display apparatus 100. Thus, a power supply for supplying the DC power supply voltage Vdc may be protected, and elements of the pixel unit 130 may also be protected. In particular, characteristics of the OLED may be prevented from deteriorating, and the degradation of an image quality due to damage to the OLED may be prevented. Furthermore, the increase to the specification of components due to the surge current may be prevented, and the cost for manufacturing the organic light-emitting display apparatus 100 may be reduced.
The power supply voltage driving unit 170b illustrated in
The first and second power supply voltage control signals SC1 and SC2 are input to the first power supply voltage generation unit 210b, and the first power supply voltage generation unit 210b generates the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t). The first power supply voltage generation unit 210b includes a first transistor TR1, the second transistor TR2, a first resistor R1 connected to the gate of the second transistor TR2, a first detector 610, and a first resistor controlling unit 620.
The first resistor R1 is a variable resistor having a resistance that changes according to a control signal. The resistance of the first resistor R1 is changed according to a first resistor control signal supplied by the first resistor controlling unit 620.
The first detector 610 detects a level of a voltage applied to the gate of the second transistor TR2 and provides the detected level of the voltage applied to the gate of the second transistor TR2 to the first resistor controlling unit 620. The first resistor controlling unit 620 controls a resistance of the first resistor R1 according to the level of the voltage applied to the gate of the second transistor TR2. The first resistor controlling unit 620 maintains a high resistance of the first resistor R1 before the Miller effect occurs at the gate of the second transistor TR2, and when the Miller effect occurs, the resistance of the first resistor R1 may be reduced. To this end, the first resistor controlling unit 620 may adjust the resistance of the first resistor R1 from a first resistance to a second resistance when the level of the voltage applied to the gate of the second transistor TR2 exceeds a first reference voltage level Vref1. In this regard, the first resistance is greater than the second resistance.
The third and fourth power supply voltage control signals SC3 and SC4 are input to the second power supply voltage generation unit 220b, and the second power supply voltage generation unit 220b generates the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t). The second power supply voltage generation unit 220a includes a third transistor TR3, the fourth transistor TR4, a second resistor R2 connected to the gate of the fourth transistor TR4, a second detector 630, and a second resistor controlling unit 640.
The second resistor R2 is a variable resistor having a resistance that changes according to a control signal. The resistance of the second resistor R2 is changed according to a second resistor controlling signal supplied by the second resistor controlling unit 640.
The second detector 630 detects a level of a voltage applied to the gate of the fourth transistor TR4 and provides the detected level of the voltage applied to the gate of the fourth transistor TR4 to the second resistor controlling unit 640. The second resistor controlling unit 640 controls the resistance of the second resistor R2 according to the level of the voltage applied to the gate of the fourth transistor TR4. The second resistor controlling unit 640 maintains a high resistance of the second resistor R2 before the Miller effect occurs at the gate of the fourth transistor TR4, and when the Miller effect occurs, the resistance of the second resistor R2 may be reduced. To this end, the second resistor controlling unit 640 may adjust the resistance of the second resistor R2 from a third resistance to a fourth resistance when the level of the voltage applied to the gate of the second transistor TR2 exceeds a second reference voltage level Vref2. In this regard, the third resistance is greater than the fourth resistance. The third resistance may be the same as the first resistance, and the fourth resistance may be the same as the second resistance.
In the present specification, an embodiment in which the third resistance is the same as the first resistance and the fourth resistance is the same as the second resistance, is described below. In addition, an embodiment in which the first reference voltage level Vref1 and the second reference voltage level Vref2 are the same as each other, is described below. However, the scope of present embodiments are not limited thereto.
When the second or fourth power supply voltage control signal SC2 or SC4 is changed from the low level L to the high level H, voltages applied to the gates of the second and fourth transistors TR2 and TR4 (hereinafter, referred to as ‘Vg(t)’) are changed, as illustrated in
First, in order to change the level of the first or second power supply voltage ELVDD(t) or ELVSS(t) from the high voltage level to the low voltage level, the first or third power supply voltage control signal SC1 or SC3 and the second or fourth power supply voltage control signal SC2 or SC4 is changed from the low level L to the high level H in operation S802, and the first or second resistor R1 or R2 is set to have the first resistance in operation 5804. After the level of the second or fourth power supply voltage control signal SC2 or SC4 is changed into the high level H, Vg(t) is subsequently detected in operation S806. After Vg(t) reaches the first reference voltage level Vref1 and exceeds the first reference voltage level Vref1 in operation 5808, the first or second resistor R1 or R2 is set to have the second resistance in operation S810.
In the present embodiment,
In more detail, referring to
In this regard, the operation (a) performing initialization relates to a period in which each node voltage of a pixel circuit disposed in each pixel 140 is initialized to be the same as a threshold voltage input to a driving transistor, and the operation (b) resetting is an operation in which a data voltage applied to each pixel 140 of the pixel unit 130 is reset and relates to a period in which a voltage applied to an anode of the OLED drops to be less than a voltage applied to a cathode of the OLED so that the OLED may not emit.
In addition, the operation (c) compensating for a threshold voltage relates to a period in which the threshold voltage input to the driving transistor included in each pixel 140, and the operation (f) non-emitting relates to a period in which the pixel 140 is turned off for black insertion or dimming after each pixel 140 emits.
Thus, signals applied to the operations (a) performing initialization, (b) resetting, (c) compensating for a threshold voltage, (e) emitting, and (f) non-emitting, i.e., scan signals applied to scan lines S1 through Sn, the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) and/or the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) applied to each pixel 140, and control signals applied to control lines GC1 through GCn, are applied to each pixel 140 of the pixel unit 130 at a predetermined voltage level all together at the same time.
In the method of driving an organic light-emitting display apparatus of the simultaneous emission type illustrated in
In the shutter glass type 3D display, when a user sees a screen with shutter glasses having transmission for left eye/right eye switchable between 0% and 100%, a screen displayed by the pixel unit 130 of an image display apparatus, i.e., the organic light-emitting display apparatus 100, is output as a left-eye image and a right-eye image for each frame such that the user sees the left-eye image only with the left eye and the right-eye image only with the right eye and a stereoscopic image is realized.
Referring to
An anode of the OLED is connected to the pixel circuit 142a, and a cathode of the OLED is connected to the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t). The OLED generates light with a predetermined luminance in correspondence with the current supplied by the pixel circuit 142a.
In the present embodiment, when scan signals are sequentially supplied to the scan lines S1 through Sn in a partial period of one frame (operation (d) described above), a data voltage corresponding to pieces of input data supplied to data lines D1 through Dm is applied to each pixel 140a that constitutes the pixel unit 130. However, in the other periods (a), (b), (c), (e), and (f) of one frame, the scan signals applied to the scan lines 51 through Sn, the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) applied to each pixel 140, the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t), and the control signals applied to control lines GC1 through GCn are applied to each pixel 140 all together at the same time at a predetermined voltage level.
Thus, the pixel circuit 142a of each pixel 140 includes first through third pixel transistors M1 through M3 and two capacitors, namely, first and second capacitors C1 and C2.
In addition, in the present embodiment, a coupling effect due to the second capacitor C2 and a parasitic capacitor Coled is used in consideration of the capacitance of the parasitic capacitor Coled generated by the anode and the cathode of the OLED. This will be described with reference to
A gate of the first pixel transistor M1 is connected to a scan line Si, and a first terminal of the first pixel transistor M1 is connected to a data line Dj via which a data voltage Data(j) is input to the first terminal of the first pixel transistor M1. A second terminal of the first pixel transistor M1 is connected to a first node N1. Si is a scan line in an i-th row, and Scan(i) is a scan signal in the i-th row, and Dj is a data line in a j-th row, and Data(j) is a data voltage in the j-th row.
A gate of the second pixel transistor M2 is connected to a second node N2, and a first terminal of the second pixel transistor M2 is connected to the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t), and a second terminal of the second pixel transistor M2 is connected to the anode of the OLED. In this regard, the second pixel transistor M2 acts as a driving transistor.
The first capacitor C1 is connected between the first node N1 and the first terminal of the second pixel transistor M2, i.e., the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t), and the second capacitor C2 is connected between the first node N1 and the second node N2.
A gate of the third pixel transistor M3 is connected to a control line GCi, and a control signal GC(t) is input to the gate of the third pixel transistor M3, and a first terminal of the third pixel transistor M3 is connected to the gate of the second pixel transistor M2, and a second terminal of the third pixel transistor M3 is connected to the anode of the OLED, i.e., the second terminal of the second pixel transistor M2. When the third pixel transistor M3 is turned on by the control signal GC(t), the second pixel transistor M2 is diode-connected. In this specification, GCi is a control line in an i-th row, and GC(t) is a control signal.
In addition, the cathode of the OLED is connected to the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t).
In
As described above, each pixel 140a according to the present embodiment is driven in a simultaneous emission manner. The method of driving the pixel 140a includes operations to be performed for each frame: initialization Init, resetting Reset, compensating for a threshold voltage Vth, scanning/data inputting Scan, emitting Emission, and non-emitting Off, as illustrated in
In this regard, in the scanning/data inputting operation Scan, the scan signal Scan(i) is input to a scan line, and the data voltage Data(j) corresponding to the scan signal Scan(i) is input to each pixel 140a. However, in the other operations, signals having predetermined voltage levels, i.e., the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t), the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t), the scan signal Scan(i), the control signal GC(t), and the data voltage Data(j) are applied to each pixel 140a of the pixel unit 130 all together at the same time.
In other words, the operation of compensating for a threshold voltage of a driving transistor included in each pixel 140a, i.e., the second pixel transistor M2, and the emitting operation of each pixel 140a are performed simultaneously by all pixels 140a of the pixel unit 130 for each frame.
First, referring to
In this case, since the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) has a predetermined voltage level, for example, a ground voltage level, the second power supply voltage generation unit 220a or 220b does not need to be separately implemented, and circuit cost thereof may be reduced. Contrary to this, since the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) must have a negative voltage value, for example, −3 V, from among the three levels, the circuit configuration of the first power supply voltage generation unit 210a or 210b may be complicated. In this case, the first resistor R1 may be connected between the gate of a transistor for pulling-down the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) and a power supply voltage control signal input line connected to the gate of the transistor.
In addition, when the pixel 140a is driven at a signal waveform illustrated in
Next, referring to
Next, referring to
In this case, since the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) has a constant voltage level, for example, 12 V, the first power supply voltage generation unit 210a or 210b does not need to be separately implemented, and circuit cost thereof may be reduced. Contrary to this, since the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) must have three voltage levels, the circuit configuration of the second power supply voltage generation unit 220a or 220b may be complicated. In this regard, the second resistor R2 may be connected between a gate of a transistor for pulling-down the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) and a power supply voltage control signal input line connected to the gate of the transistor.
In
For convenience of explanation, voltage levels of input signals are described as a specific value but are arbitrary values for understanding and are not actual design values but the scope of present embodiments are not limited to the values of the voltage levels.
In addition, in the present embodiment, it is assumed that the capacity ratio of the first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2, and the parasitic capacitor Coled of the OLED is 1:1:4.
First,
In other words, in the initialization operation Init, the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) is applied to at a high voltage level, for example, 12 V, and the scan signal Scan(i) is applied at a low voltage level, for example, −5 V, and the control signal GC(t) is applied at a high voltage level, for example, 12 V.
In addition, the data voltage Data(j) applied in the operation is an initialization voltage Vsus, and in the present embodiment, 12 V of the data voltage Data(j) is applied. In the initialization operation Init, a voltage of the second node N2 is determined by the data voltage Data(j) of a previous frame. In the present specification, it is assumed that the voltage of the second node N2 in the initialization operation Init is Vinit. Thus, a voltage difference (Vsus−Vinit) is applied to both terminals of the second capacitor C2. Although described later with reference to
In addition, the initialization operation Init is performed by each pixel 140a of the pixel unit 130. Thus, signals to be applied in the initialization operation Init, i.e., the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t), the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t), the scan signal Scan(i), the control signal GC(t), and the data voltage Data(j) are simultaneously applied to all pixels 140a at predetermined voltage levels.
As the signals are applied to all pixels 140a, the first pixel transistor M1 and the second pixel transistor M2 are turned on, and the third pixel transistor M3 is turned off.
Thus, 12 V of an initialization signal is applied to the first node N1 through the data line Dj, and the second node has a voltage level Vinit, and the voltage difference (Vsus−Vinit) is stored in both terminals of the second capacitor C2.
Next, the resetting operation Reset will be described with reference to
In the present embodiment, the resetting operation Reset is performed in the three stages of
First, referring to
In other words, as the scan signal Scan(i) is applied at a high level, the first pixel transistor M1 that is implemented with a PMOS is turned off. Thus, the data voltage Data(j) is applied at a lower voltage value than the voltage value of the scan signal Scan(i) in the first reset period.
When the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) is applied as 0 V in this manner, the voltage value of the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) supplied in the initialization operation Init of
However, as briefly described with reference to
In other words, considering that, in view of design limitation conditions, the voltages of the first node N1 and the second node N2 are not sufficiently decreased to desired degrees due to parasitic coupling, the scan signal Scan(i) may be at a low level, and the data voltage Data(j) corresponding to the scan signal Scan(i) may be applied as 0V.
When the voltage of the second node N2 becomes Vinit−12 V, a voltage applied to the gate of the second pixel transistor M2 connected to the second node N2 becomes Vinit−12 V, and thus, the second pixel transistor M2 that is implemented with a PMOS is turned on.
In other words, as a current path between the first and second terminals of the second pixel transistor M2 is formed, a voltage charged in the parasitic capacitor Coled of the anode of the OLED connected to the second terminal of the second pixel transistor M2 is gradually decreased to the voltage value of the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t), i.e. 0 V.
However, when a current flows from the parasitic capacitor Coled to a ground line through the first power supply line ELVDD and the first power supply voltage generation units 210a and 210b, in order to charge the parasitic capacitor Coled, a surge current may be generated from the DC power supply voltage Vdc through the second power supply voltage generation units 220a and 220b and the second power supply line ELVSS. Since the surge current is approximately proportional to the sum of capacitance of the parasitic capacitor Coled of all pixels 140a of the pixel unit 130, the magnitude of the surge current is very large. In the present embodiment, in a first reset period, the speed of decreasing the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) is reduced so that the surge current may be prevented from being generated in the organic light-emitting display apparatus 100.
Next, referring to
In other words, compared to the first reset period, in the second reset period, the scan signal Scan(i) is at a low level, for example, −5 V, and the data voltage Data(j) corresponding to the scan signal Scan(i) is applied as 0 V. This is because, as described above, the case where, in view of design limitation conditions, the voltages of the first node N1 and the second node N2 are not sufficiently decreased due to parasitic coupling, has been considered.
In addition, during the second reset period, the scan signal Scan(i) having a high level may be applied. In this regard, in the second reset period, the scan signal Scan(i) may be maintained to have the same waveform as in the first reset period. In other words, in the second reset period, the scan signal Scan(i) may be applied at a high level and may be maintained at a voltage level of the initialization operation Vinit, i.e., at a voltage level Vsus.
Next, referring to
In other words, the same case occurs again that first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) having the same voltage value as in the initialization operation Init described in
In other words, the voltage of each of the first and second nodes N1 and N2 and the value of the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) are the same as in the initialization operation Init of
The voltage value of the anode of the OLED applied in the first through third reset periods is a voltage value of the cathode of the OLED, i.e., 0 V that is lower than 12V.
In addition, even in the third reset period, the scan signal Scan(i) may be applied at a low level, for example, −5 V. However, the data voltage Data(j) corresponding to the scan signal Scan(i) may be applied as 12 V so that the voltage of the first node N1 may be maintained at 12 V.
The reset operation Reset illustrated in
Next, referring to
In the present embodiment, the operation of compensating for a threshold voltage is performed in three stages of
First, referring to
In the first threshold voltage compensating-for period, like in the third reset period, the scan signal Scan(i) may be applied at a high level so as to prevent the voltages of the first and second nodes N1 and N2 from being out of a predetermined value.
To this end, the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) and the scan signal Scan(i) are applied at the high voltage level (12 V) and the low level (−5 V), respectively, like in the previous period, and the control signal GC(t) is applied at the low level, for example, −8 V.
In other words, as the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) and the scan signal Scan(i) are applied, the third pixel transistor M3 is turned on. As the third pixel transistor M3 is turned on, the gate and the second terminal of the second pixel transistor M2 are electrically connected to each other so that the second pixel transistor M2 may act as a diode.
Thus, the voltage level of the second node N2, i.e., the gate of the second pixel transistor M2, is dropped by a ratio of Coled/(C2+Coled) due to the coupling effect of the second capacitor C2 and the parasitic capacitor Coled of the OLED.
As described above, if it is assumed that the capacity ratio of the second capacitor C2 to the parasitic capacitor Coled is 1:4, a difference between the voltage of the second node N2 and the anode voltage of the OLED is 12 V, and the voltage of the second node N2 is decreased by ⅘ of the voltage difference due to the coupling effect of the second capacitor C2 and the parasitic capacitor Coled, and thus, the voltage level of the second node N2 is 12 V*(⅕)=2.4V. In addition, due to the third pixel transistor M3, the anode voltage of the OLED that is electrically connected to the second node N2 is also 2.4 V.
After that,
As described above in the second threshold voltage compensating-for period, if the voltage of the second node N2 is 2.4 V, Vgs of the second pixel transistor M2, i.e., (2.4 V-12 V), is less than Vth. Thus, the second pixel transistor M2 is turned on until the voltage difference between the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) and the anode voltage of the OLED corresponds to the magnitude of the threshold voltage of the second pixel transistor M2, and a current flows through the second pixel transistor M2, and then, the second pixel transistor M2 is turned off. In the organic light-emitting display apparatus 100, a threshold voltage difference of the second pixel transistor M2 of each pixel 140a may occur. In the third threshold voltage compensating-for period, the threshold voltage difference of each pixel 140a is reflected on the voltage of the second node N2.
For example, when the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) is applied as 12 V and the threshold voltage of the second pixel transistor M2 is −2 V, a current flows through the second pixel transistor M2 until the anode voltage of the OLED is 10 V. In addition, a current path is formed between the second node N2 and the OLED due to the third pixel transistor M3, and thus, the voltage of the second node N2 is also 10 V.
In addition, the first through third threshold voltage compensating-for operations are also performed by each pixel 140a of the pixel unit 130 all together at the same time. Thus, signals applied in the threshold voltage compensating-for operation, i.e., the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t), the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t), the scan signal Scan(i), the control signal GC(t), and the data voltage Data(j) are applied to all pixels 140a simultaneously at predetermined voltage levels.
Next, referring to
In other words, in the scanning/data inputting operation illustrated in
For example, as illustrated in
In addition, as the control signal GC(t) is applied at a high level, the third transistor M3 that is implemented with a PMOS is turned off.
When the scan signal Scan(i) having a low level is applied to the pixel of
In this regard, the data voltage Data(j) is in the range of 6 to 12 V, for example, where 6 V is a voltage value that represents white, and 12 V is a voltage value that represents black.
When the data voltage Data(j) is applied to the first node N1, the voltage of the second node N2 is decreased by a change of the voltage of the first node N1 due to the coupling effect through the second capacitor C2. The change of the voltage of the first node N1 is as follows:
Change of the voltage of the first node 9i N1=12 V−Vdata
where Vdata represents a voltage level of the data voltage Data(j) input to each pixel 140a during the scanning/data inputting operation and means the data voltage Data(j) corresponding to an input image. The voltage of the second node N2 due to the change of the voltage of the first node N1 is as follows:
Voltage of the second node 9i N2=(12 V−|Vth|)−(Vsus−Vdata)
As described above, assuming that Vsus is 12 V, the voltage of the second node N2 is Vdata−|Vth|.
In addition, assuming that Vdata is in the range of 6 V to 12 V, the voltage of the second node N2 in the scanning/data inputting operation is in the range of (6 V−|Vth|) to (12 V−|Vth|). Thus, Vgs of the second pixel transistor M2 is less than Vth. Thus, the second pixel transistor M2 is maintained in a turn-on state during the scanning/data inputting operation.
Next,
In other words, in the emitting operation Emission, the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) is applied at the high voltage level, for example, 12 V, and the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) is applied at the low voltage level, for example, 0 V, and each of the scan signal Scan(i) and the control signal GC(t) is applied at a high level, for example, 12 V.
Thus, as the scan signal Scan(i) is applied at the high level, the data voltage Data(j) is applied at a lower level than the voltage level of the scan signal Scan(i) so that the first pixel transistor M1 that is implemented with a PMOS may be turned off.
In addition, since the emitting operation Emission is performed by each pixel 140a of the pixel unit 130 all together at the same time, signals applied in the emitting operation Emission, i.e., the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t), the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t), the scan signal Scan(i), the control signal GC(t), and the data voltage Data(j), are applied to all pixels 140a at predetermined voltage levels simultaneously.
In addition, as the control signal GC(t) is applied at the high level, the third pixel transistor M3 that is implemented with a PMOS is turned off. Thus, the second pixel transistor M2 acts as a driving transistor.
Thus, a voltage applied to the gate of the second pixel transistor M2, i.e., the second node N2, is Vdata−|Vth|, and the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) applied to the first terminal of the second pixel transistor M2 has a high voltage level, for example, 12 V.
As the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) has the low voltage level, a current path from the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) to the cathode of the OLED is formed. Thus, a current corresponding to a voltage that corresponds to the voltage value Vsg of the second pixel transistor M2, i.e., a voltage difference between the first terminal and the gate of the second pixel transistor M2, flows through the OLED, and the OLED emits light with luminance corresponding to the current.
In other words, the current flowing through the OLED is as follows:
Ioled=β/2(Vsg−|Vth|)2=β/2(12 V−(Vdata−|Vth|)2=β/2(12 V−Vdata)2
Thus, in the present embodiment, due to the current flowing through the OLED, the problem due to the threshold voltage difference of the second pixel transistor M2 may be overcome.
However, when the current flows from the parasitic capacitor Coled to a ground line through the second power supply line ELVSS and the second power supply voltage generation units 220a and 220b, in order to charge the parasitic capacitor Coled, a surge current may be generated from the DC power supply voltage Vdc to the pixel unit 130 through the first power supply voltage generation units 210a and 210b and the first power supply line ELVDD. Since the surge current is approximately proportional to the sum of the capacitance of the parasitic capacitor Coled of all pixels 140a of the pixel unit 130, the magnitude of the surge current is very large. In the present embodiment, in the emission period, the speed of decreasing the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) is reduced so that the surge current may be prevented from being generated in the organic light-emitting display apparatus 100.
As illustrated in
After the whole pixel unit 140 emits light, the non-emitting operation Off is performed, as illustrated in
In other words, referring to
The non-emitting operation Off relates to a period in which the OLED is turned off for black insertion or dimming after the non-emitting operation Off is performed. The anode voltage of the OLED is decreased up to a voltage at which lighting is off within several tens of μs.
One frame is established in the periods of
Referring to
In this regard, the polarities of waveforms of the scan signal Scan(i), the control signal GC(n), the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t), the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t), and the data voltage Data(j) to be supplied in the periods other than a data writing period are switched, compared to the driving timing diagrams of
As a result, in
Referring to
The cathode of the OLED is connected to the pixel circuit 142b, and the anode of the OLED is connected to the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t). The OLED generates light with a predetermined luminance in correspondence with the current supplied by the pixel circuit 142b.
In the present embodiment, in each pixel 140b of the pixel unit 130, when the scan signal Scan(i) is supplied to each of the scan lines S1 through Sn for a partial period (operation (d) described above) of one frame, the data voltage Data(j) is supplied to each of the data lines D1 through Dm. However, for the other periods (operations (a), (b), (c), (e), and (f)) of one frame, the scan signal Scan(i) applied to each of the scan lines S1 through Sn, the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t) and the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t) applied to each pixel 140b, and control signals applied to the control lines GC1 through GCn are applied to each pixel 140b at predetermined voltage levels simultaneously.
To this end, the pixel circuit 142b of the pixel 140b includes three transistors, namely, first through third transistors NM1 through NM3 and two capacitors, namely, first and second capacitors C1 and C2.
In this regard, a gate of the first pixel transistor NM1 is connected to the scan line Si, and a first terminal of the first pixel transistor NM1 is connected to the data line Dj. A second terminal of the first pixel transistor NM1 is connected to the first node N1.
In other words, the scan signal Scan(i) is input to the gate of the first pixel transistor NM1, and the data voltage Data(j) is input to the first terminal of the first pixel transistor NM1.
In addition, a gate of the second pixel transistor NM2 is connected to the second node N2, and the second terminal of the second pixel transistor NM2 is connected to the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t), and the first terminal of the second pixel transistor NM2 is connected to the cathode of the OLED. In this regard, the second pixel transistor NM2 acts as a driving transistor.
In addition, the first capacitor C1 is connected between the first node N1 and the second terminal of the second pixel transistor NM2, i.e., the second power supply voltage ELVSS(t), and the second capacitor C2 is connected between the first node N1 and the second node N2.
In addition, a gate of the third pixel transistor NM3 is connected to the control line GC, and a first terminal of the third pixel transistor NM3 is connected to the cathode of the OLED, i.e., the first terminal of the second pixel transistor NM2, and a second terminal of the third pixel transistor NM3 is connected to the gate of the second pixel transistor NM2.
Thus, the control signal GC(t) is input to the gate of the third pixel transistor NM3. When the third pixel transistor NM3 is turned on, the second pixel transistor NM2 is diode-connected.
In addition, the anode of the OLED is connected to the first power supply voltage ELVDD(t).
In
By way of summation and review, organic light-emitting display apparatuses have fast response speeds and are driven with low power consumption. Organic light-emitting display apparatuses are driven by a power supply voltage applied to each of the pixels. As various methods of driving an organic light-emitting display apparatus are emerging, the organic light-emitting display apparatus may be driven by changing a level of the power supply voltage according to time. However, when the level of the power supply voltage is changed, an excessive surge current may be generated in the organic light-emitting display apparatus.
According to one or more embodiments, when a power supply voltage of an organic light-emitting display apparatus is changed, an excessive surge current may be prevented from being generated in the organic light-emitting display apparatus. In addition, according to one or more embodiments, an excessive surge current may be prevented from being generated in the organic light-emitting display apparatus so that elements of the organic light-emitting display apparatus are not destroyed. Thus, the life span of the organic light-emitting display apparatus is lengthened.
Exemplary embodiments have been disclosed herein, and although specific terms are employed, they are used and are to be interpreted in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purpose of limitation.
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