Patent Grant
8038495
This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application Nos. 10-2006-0006149, filed on Jan. 20, 2006, and 10-2006-0035455, filed on Apr. 19, 2006 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
This application is related to and incorporates herein by reference the entire contents of the following concurrently filed applications:
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an organic light-emitting display device, and more particularly to packaging of an organic light-emitting display device.
2. Description of the Related Technology
An organic light-emitting display device is one of flat display devices. An organic light-emitting display device typically includes an organic light-emitting layer positioned between electrodes opposed to each other. Voltage is applied between the electrodes so that electrons injected from one electrode are coupled with a hole injected from the other electrode in the organic light-emitting layer. By this coupling, light-emitting molecules in the light-emitting layer are excited and returned to a ground state, thereby, emitting light.
The organic light-emitting display device according to such a light-emitting principle has excellent visibility, light weight and thinness and can further be driven with low voltage and therefore, has been spotlighted as a next generation display.
One of problems with such an organic light-emitting display device is that it deteriorates when moisture and/or impurities are infiltrated into organic materials in an organic light-emitting diode.
One aspect of the invention provides an organic light emitting display (OLED) device, comprising: a first substrate; a second substrate placed over the first substrate, wherein each of the first and second substrates is made of a single layer or comprises a plurality of layers; an array of organic light-emitting pixels interposed between the first and second substrates; and a frit seal interposed between the first and second substrates while surrounding the array, wherein the frit seal, the first substrate and the second substrate in combination define an enclosed space in which the array is located; and a reinforcing structure interposed between the first and second substrates, the reinforcing structure interconnecting the first and second substrates.
The reinforcing structure may comprise a resin. The resin may comprise one or more selected from the group consisting of epoxy, acryl, and urethane resin. The reinforcing structure may contact the frit seal. The reinforcing structure may not contact the frit seal. The reinforcing structure may be inside the enclosed space. The reinforcing structure may be outside the enclosed space. The reinforcing structure may comprise a first member and a second member, the first member being inside the enclosed space, the second member being outside the enclosed space. The first member may comprise the same material as that of the second member. The first member may comprise a material different from that of the second member.
The frit seal may comprise a plurality of elongated segments, wherein the segments in combination surround the array, and wherein the reinforcing structure extends along and substantially parallel to at least one of the segments. The reinforcing structure may comprise a plurality of elongate segments, wherein the segments in combination surround the array. Each elongated segment of the reinforcing structure may extend along and is substantially parallel to one of the elongated segments of the frit seal. The reinforcing structure may further seal the enclosed space.
Another aspect of the invention provides a method of making an organic light emitting display (OLED). The method comprises: providing a device comprising: a first substrate; a second substrate placed over the first substrate; an array of organic light-emitting pixels interposed between the first and second substrates; a frit interposed between the first and second substrates while surrounding the array, wherein the frit, the first substrate and the second substrate in combination define an enclosed space in which the array is located; and an uncured resin structure interposed between the first and second substrates and contacting the first and second substrates, wherein the uncured resin structure contacts or does not contact the frit seal; curing the uncured resin structure so as to form a reinforcing structure bonding the first and second substrates; and applying a laser or infrared beam to the frit so as to bond the frit to the first and second substrates.
In the method, the resin structure may comprise one or more selected from the group consisting of epoxy, acryl, and urethane resin. The reinforcing structure may be inside and/or outside the enclosed space. The reinforcing structure may be outside the enclosed space. Curing the uncured resin structure may comprise applying using UV or heat to the uncured resin structure. Curing the uncured resin structure may be conducted prior to applying the laser or infrared beam. Curing the uncured resin structure may be conducted subsequent to applying the laser or infrared beam.
The device may further comprise: a plurality of additional arrays of organic light-emitting pixels interposed between the first and second substrates; a plurality of additional frits interposed between the first and second substrates, each of the additional frits surrounding a respective one of the additional arrays; and a plurality of additional uncured resin structures interposed between the first and second substrates, the additional uncured resin structures being either or both of inside and outside the enclosed spaces of the additional frits.
The method may further comprise: curing the additional uncured resin structures to form a plurality of reinforcing structures interconnecting the first and second substrates; and cutting the resulting product into a plurality of pieces, each comprising a cut-portion of the first substrate, a cut-portion of the second substrate, the array of organic light-emitting pixels, the frit, and the reinforcing structure.
Another aspect of the invention provides an organic light-emitting display device comprising: a first substrate comprising a pixel region in which an organic light-emitting element is formed and a non-pixel region formed on the outer side of the pixel region; a second substrate bonded to one region including the pixel region of the first substrate; encapsulating member provided between the non-pixel region of the first substrate and the second substrate and adhering the first substrate to the second substrate; and supplement member configured of resin formed to be spaced from the frit.
Yet another aspect of the invention provides a method for preparing an organic light-emitting display device comprising a first substrate including an organic light-emitting element and a second substrate sealing at least pixel region of the substrate, the method comprising: a first step for forming a frit by applying and annealing frit paste to the outer side of the pixel region of the second substrate; a second step for applying supplement member to the side of the frit; a third step for bonding the second substrate to the first substrate; a fourth step for curing the supplement member; and a fifth step for adhering the first substrate to the second substrate by irradiating laser or infrared rays to the frit.
Still another aspect of the invention provides a method for preparing an organic light-emitting display device in plural at a time, which comprises first substrates including organic light-emitting elements and second substrates sealing at least pixel region of the first substrates, the method comprising: a first step for forming a frit by applying and annealing frit paste to the respective outer sides of a second substrate original sheet on which the plurality of the second substrates are formed; a second step for applying supplement member to the side of the respective frits; a third step for bonding the second substrate original sheet to a first substrate original sheet on which the plurality of the first substrates are formed; a fourth step for curing the supplement member; a fifth step for adhering the first substrates to the second substrates by irradiating laser or infrared rays to the respective frits; and a sixth step for cutting the first substrate original sheet and the second substrate original sheet bonded to each other and separating them into an individual organic light-emitting display device.
Another aspect of the invention provides a method for preparing an organic light-emitting display device comprising a first substrate including an organic light-emitting element, and a second substrate sealing at least pixel region of the substrate, the method comprising: a first step for forming a frit by applying and annealing frit paste to the outer side of the pixel region of the second substrate; a second step for applying supplement member to the side of the frit; a third step for bonding the second substrate to the first substrate; a fourth step for adhering the first substrate to the second substrate by irradiating laser or infrared rays to the frit; and a fifth step for curing the supplement member.
Another aspect of the invention provides a method for preparing an organic light-emitting display device in plural at a time, which comprises first substrates including organic light-emitting elements and second substrates sealing at least pixel region of the first substrates, the method comprising: a first step for forming a frit by applying and annealing frit paste to the respective outer sides of a second substrate original sheet on which the plurality of the second substrates are formed; a second step for applying supplement member to the side of the respective frits; a third step for bonding the second substrate original sheet to a first substrate original sheet on which the plurality of the first substrates are formed; a fourth step for curing the supplement member; a fifth step for adhering the first substrates to the second substrates by irradiating laser or infrared rays to the respective frits; and a sixth step for cutting the first substrate original sheet and the second substrate original sheet bonded to each other and separating them into an individual organic light-emitting display device.
According to the method for preparing an organic light-emitting display device, the supplement member encapsulates the frit and the encapsulation substrate, and reinforces packaging of the organic light-emitting display device when using the frit. In addition, the supplement member protects the organic light-emitting element from ambient air.
These and/or other aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
a to
a to
Hereinafter, embodiments according to the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An organic light emitting display (OLED) is a display device comprising an array of organic light emitting diodes. Organic light emitting diodes are solid state devices which include an organic material and are adapted to generate and emit light when appropriate electrical potentials are applied.
OLEDs can be generally grouped into two basic types dependent on the arrangement with which the stimulating electrical current is provided.
Referring to
Referring to
In the illustrated AMOLED, the local driving circuits 1012, the data lines 1016 and scan lines 1018 are buried in a planarization layer 1014, which is interposed between the pixel array and the substrate 1002. The planarization layer 1014 provides a planar top surface on which the organic light emitting pixel array is formed. The planarization layer 1014 may be formed of organic or inorganic materials, and formed of two or more layers although shown as a single layer. The local driving circuits 1012 are typically formed with thin film transistors (TFT) and arranged in a grid or array under the OLED pixel array. The local driving circuits 1012 may be at least partly made of organic materials, including organic TFT. AMOLEDs have the advantage of fast response time improving their desirability for use in displaying data signals. Also, AMOLEDs have the advantages of consuming less power than passive matrix OLEDs.
Referring to common features of the PMOLED and AMOLED designs, the substrate 1002 provides structural support for the OLED pixels and circuits. In various embodiments, the substrate 1002 can comprise rigid or flexible materials as well as opaque or transparent materials, such as plastic, glass, and/or foil. As noted above, each OLED pixel or diode is formed with the anode 1004, cathode 1006 and organic layer 1010 interposed therebetween. When an appropriate electrical current is applied to the anode 1004, the cathode 1006 injects electrons and the anode 1004 injects holes. In certain embodiments, the anode 1004 and cathode 1006 are inverted; i.e., the cathode is formed on the substrate 1002 and the anode is opposingly arranged.
Interposed between the cathode 1006 and anode 1004 are one or more organic layers. More specifically, at least one emissive or light emitting layer is interposed between the cathode 1006 and anode 1004. The light emitting layer may comprise one or more light emitting organic compounds. Typically, the light emitting layer is configured to emit visible light in a single color such as blue, green, red or white. In the illustrated embodiment, one organic layer 1010 is formed between the cathode 1006 and anode 1004 and acts as a light emitting layer. Additional layers, which can be formed between the anode 1004 and cathode 1006, can include a hole transporting layer, a hole injection layer, an electron transporting layer and an electron injection layer.
Hole transporting and/or injection layers can be interposed between the light emitting layer 1010 and the anode 1004. Electron transporting and/or injecting layers can be interposed between the cathode 1006 and the light emitting layer 1010. The electron injection layer facilitates injection of electrons from the cathode 1006 toward the light emitting layer 1010 by reducing the work function for injecting electrons from the cathode 1006. Similarly, the hole injection layer facilitates injection of holes from the anode 1004 toward the light emitting layer 1010. The hole and electron transporting layers facilitate movement of the carriers injected from the respective electrodes toward the light emitting layer.
In some embodiments, a single layer may serve both electron injection and transportation functions or both hole injection and transportation functions. In some embodiments, one or more of these layers are lacking. In some embodiments, one or more organic layers are doped with one or more materials that help injection and/or transportation of the carriers. In embodiments where only one organic layer is formed between the cathode and anode, the organic layer may include not only an organic light emitting compound but also certain functional materials that help injection or transportation of carriers within that layer.
There are numerous organic materials that have been developed for use in these layers including the light emitting layer. Also, numerous other organic materials for use in these layers are being developed. In some embodiments, these organic materials may be macromolecules including oligomers and polymers. In some embodiments, the organic materials for these layers may be relatively small molecules. The skilled artisan will be able to select appropriate materials for each of these layers in view of the desired functions of the individual layers and the materials for the neighboring layers in particular designs.
In operation, an electrical circuit provides appropriate potential between the cathode 1006 and anode 1004. This results in an electrical current flowing from the anode 1004 to the cathode 1006 via the interposed organic layer(s). In one embodiment, the cathode 1006 provides electrons to the adjacent organic layer 1010. The anode 1004 injects holes to the organic layer 1010. The holes and electrons recombine in the organic layer 1010 and generate energy particles called “excitons.” The excitons transfer their energy to the organic light emitting material in the organic layer 1010, and the energy is used to emit visible light from the organic light emitting material. The spectral characteristics of light generated and emitted by the OLED 1000, 1001 depend on the nature and composition of organic molecules in the organic layer(s). The composition of the one or more organic layers can be selected to suit the needs of a particular application by one of ordinary skill in the art.
OLED devices can also be categorized based on the direction of the light emission. In one type referred to as “top emission” type, OLED devices emit light and display images through the cathode or top electrode 1006. In these embodiments, the cathode 1006 is made of a material transparent or at least partially transparent with respect to visible light. In certain embodiments, to avoid losing any light that can pass through the anode or bottom electrode 1004, the anode may be made of a material substantially reflective of the visible light. A second type of OLED devices emits light through the anode or bottom electrode 1004 and is called “bottom emission” type. In the bottom emission type OLED devices, the anode 1004 is made of a material which is at least partially transparent with respect to visible light. Often, in bottom emission type OLED devices, the cathode 1006 is made of a material substantially reflective of the visible light. A third type of OLED devices emits light in two directions, e.g. through both anode 1004 and cathode 1006. Depending upon the direction(s) of the light emission, the substrate may be formed of a material which is transparent, opaque or reflective of visible light.
In many embodiments, an OLED pixel array 1021 comprising a plurality of organic light emitting pixels is arranged over a substrate 1002 as shown in
One design and fabrication consideration in OLED devices is that certain organic material layers of OLED devices can suffer damage or accelerated deterioration from exposure to water, oxygen or other harmful gases. Accordingly, it is generally understood that OLED devices be sealed or encapsulated to inhibit exposure to moisture and oxygen or other harmful gases found in a manufacturing or operational environment.
In embodiments, the seal 1071 is made of a frit material as will be further discussed below. In various embodiments, the top and bottom plates 1061, 1002 comprise materials such as plastics, glass and/or metal foils which can provide a barrier to passage of oxygen and/or water to thereby protect the OLED pixel array 1021 from exposure to these substances. In embodiments, at least one of the top plate 1061 and the bottom plate 1002 are formed of a substantially transparent material.
To lengthen the life time of OLED devices 1011, it is generally desired that seal 1071 and the top and bottom plates 1061, 1002 provide a substantially non-permeable seal to oxygen and water vapor and provide a substantially hermetically enclosed space 1081. In certain applications, it is indicated that the seal 1071 of a frit material in combination with the top and bottom plates 1061, 1002 provide a barrier to oxygen of less than approximately 10−3 cc/m2-day and to water of less than 10−6 g/m2-day. Given that some oxygen and moisture can permeate into the enclosed space 1081, in some embodiments, a material that can take up oxygen and/or moisture is formed within the enclosed space 1081.
The seal 1071 has a width W, which is its thickness in a direction parallel to a surface of the top or bottom substrate 1061, 1002 as shown in
The seal 1071 has a height H, which is its thickness in a direction perpendicular to a surface of the top or bottom substrate 1061, 1002 as shown in
In the illustrated embodiment, the seal 1071 has a generally rectangular cross-section. In other embodiments, however, the seal 1071 can have other various cross-sectional shapes such as a generally square cross-section, a generally trapezoidal cross-section, a cross-section with one or more rounded edges, or other configuration as indicated by the needs of a given application. To improve hermeticity, it is generally desired to increase the interfacial area where the seal 1071 directly contacts the bottom or top substrate 1002, 1061 or a layer formed thereon. In some embodiments, the shape of the seal can be designed such that the interfacial area can be increased.
The seal 1071 can be arranged immediately adjacent the OLED array 1021, and in other embodiments, the seal 1071 is spaced some distance from the OLED array 1021. In certain embodiment, the seal 1071 comprises generally linear segments that are connected together to surround the OLED array 1021. Such linear segments of the seal 1071 can extend, in certain embodiments, generally parallel to respective boundaries of the OLED array 1021. In other embodiment, one or more of the linear segments of the seal 1071 are arranged in a non-parallel relationship with respective boundaries of the OLED array 1021. In yet other embodiments, at least part of the seal 1071 extends between the top plate 1061 and bottom plate 1002 in a curvilinear manner.
As noted above, in certain embodiments, the seal 1071 is formed using a frit material or simply “frit” or glass frit,” which includes fine glass particles. The frit particles includes one or more of magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide (CaO), barium oxide (BaO), lithium oxide (Li2O), sodium oxide (Na2O), potassium oxide (K2O), boron oxide (B2O3), vanadium oxide (V2O5), zinc oxide (ZnO), tellurium oxide (TeO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), silicon dioxide (SiO2), lead oxide (PbO), tin oxide (SnO), phosphorous oxide (P2O5), ruthenium oxide (Ru2O), rubidium oxide (Rb2O), rhodium oxide (Rh2O), ferrite oxide (Fe2O3), copper oxide (CuO), titanium oxide (TiO2), tungsten oxide (WO3), bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), antimony oxide (Sb2O3), lead-borate glass, tin-phosphate glass, vanadate glass, and borosilicate, etc. In embodiments, these particles range in size from about 2 μm to about 30 μm, optionally about 5 μm to about 10 μm, although not limited only thereto. The particles can be as large as about the distance between the top and bottom substrates 1061, 1002 or any layers formed on these substrates where the frit seal 1071 contacts.
The frit material used to form the seal 1071 can also include one or more filler or additive materials. The filler or additive materials can be provided to adjust an overall thermal expansion characteristic of the seal 1071 and/or to adjust the absorption characteristics of the seal 1071 for selected frequencies of incident radiant energy. The filler or additive material(s) can also include inversion and/or additive fillers to adjust a coefficient of thermal expansion of the frit. For example, the filler or additive materials can include transition metals, such as chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), and/or vanadium. Additional materials for the filler or additives include ZnSiO4, PbTiO3, ZrO2, eucryptite.
In embodiments, a frit material as a dry composition contains glass particles from about 20 to 90 about wt %, and the remaining includes fillers and/or additives. In some embodiments, the frit paste contains about 10-30 wt % organic materials and about 70-90% inorganic materials. In some embodiments, the frit paste contains about 20 wt % organic materials and about 80 wt % inorganic materials. In some embodiments, the organic materials may include about 0-30 wt % binder(s) and about 70-100 wt % solvent(s). In some embodiments, about 10 wt % is binder(s) and about 90 wt % is solvent(s) among the organic materials. In some embodiments, the inorganic materials may include about 0-10 wt % additives, about 20-40 wt % fillers and about 50-80 wt % glass powder. In some embodiments, about 0-5 wt % is additive(s), about 25-30 wt % is filler(s) and about 65-75 wt % is the glass powder among the inorganic materials.
In forming a frit seal, a liquid material is added to the dry frit material to form a frit paste. Any organic or inorganic solvent with or without additives can be used as the liquid material. In embodiments, the solvent includes one or more organic compounds. For example, applicable organic compounds are ethyl cellulose, nitro cellulose, hydroxyl propyl cellulose, butyl carbitol acetate, terpineol, butyl cellusolve, acrylate compounds. Then, the thus formed frit paste can be applied to form a shape of the seal 1071 on the top and/or bottom plate 1061, 1002.
In one exemplary embodiment, a shape of the seal 1071 is initially formed from the frit paste and interposed between the top plate 1061 and the bottom plate 1002. The seal 1071 can in certain embodiments be pre-cured or pre-sintered to one of the top plate and bottom plate 1061, 1002. Following assembly of the top plate 1061 and the bottom plate 1002 with the seal 1071 interposed therebetween, portions of the seal 1071 are selectively heated such that the frit material forming the seal 1071 at least partially melts. The seal 1071 is then allowed to resolidify to form a secure joint between the top plate 1061 and the bottom plate 1002 to thereby inhibit exposure of the enclosed OLED pixel array 1021 to oxygen or water.
In embodiments, the selective heating of the frit seal is carried out by irradiation of light, such as a laser or directed infrared lamp. As previously noted, the frit material forming the seal 1071 can be combined with one or more additives or filler such as species selected for improved absorption of the irradiated light to facilitate heating and melting of the frit material to form the seal 1071.
In some embodiments, OLED devices 1011 are mass produced. In an embodiment illustrated in
The encapsulating member 3 is applied along the edge of the depositing substrate 1 and the encapsulation substrate 2 in order to adhere the depositing substrate 1 to the encapsulation substrate 2. The encapsulating member 3 is cured by means of ultraviolet rays irradiating method, etc. Because hydrogen, oxygen, moisture, etc., may be infiltrated through fine cracks even though the encapsulating member 3 is applied, the moisture absorbent 4 is included within the encapsulation substrate 2 for removing them.
However, the encapsulating member 3 cannot completely prevent the infiltration of the ambient air. In addition, the moisture absorbent 4 is coated on the encapsulation substrate by an annealing process which it causes outgassing. Thus, the annealing process may decrease adhesion between the encapsulating member 3 and the substrates, allowing the organic light-emitting diode to be easily exposed to the ambient air.
In one embodiment, an organic light-emitting diode is encapsulated by applying a frit to a glass substrate without having moisture absorbent. According to this, since the space between the substrate and the encapsulation substrate is completely sealed by curing a melted frit, the moisture absorbent is not required and the organic light-emitting diode can be more effectively protected.
However, because the frit material is fragile, stress concentration phenomenon occurs on the adhesive surface of the frit and the substrate when external impact is applied, thereby causing cracks to be generated from the adhesive surface and spread into the entire substrate.
The substrate 100, which is a plate including an organic light-emitting element, comprises a pixel region 100a and a non-pixel region 100b surrounding the pixel region 100a. The pixel region 100a includes at least one organic light-emitting element having a first electrode 119, an organic layer 121 and a second electrode 122. In the explanation of the following specification, the pixel region 100a refers to a region in which a predetermined image is displayed by light emitting from the organic light-emitting element, and the non-pixel region 100b refers to all regions outside the pixel region 100a on the substrate 100.
The pixel region 100a includes a plurality of scan lines (S1 to Sm) arranged in a row direction and a plurality of data lines (D1 to Dm) arranged in a column direction. A plurality of pixels receiving a signal from a driver integrated circuit 300 for driving the organic light-emitting elements are formed at intersections between the scan lines (S1 to Sm) and the data lines (D1 to Dm).
Also, in the non-pixel region 100b driver IC for driving the organic light-emitting elements; and metal wirings electrically connected to the scan lines (S1 to Sm) and the data lines (D1 to Dm) of the pixel region, respectively, are formed. In the illustrated embodiment, the driver IC includes a data driver 170 and scan drivers 180,180′.
The illustrated organic light-emitting element is driven in an active matrix type. The structure thereof will be schematically explained.
A buffer layer 111 is formed on a base substrate 101. The buffer layer 111 is made of insulating material such as silicon oxide SiO2 or silicon nitride Sinx, etc. The buffer layer 111 is formed to protect the substrate 100 from damages due to factors such as heat from outside.
On at least any one region of the buffer layer 111, a semiconductor layer 112 comprising an active layer 112a and an ohmic contact layer 112b is formed. On the semiconductor layer 112 and the buffer layer 111, a gate insulating layer 113 is formed, and on one region of the gate insulating layer 113, a gate electrode 114 having the size corresponding to the width of the active layer 112 is formed.
An interlayer insulating layer 115 is formed on the gate insulating layer 113 including the gate electrode 114, and source and drain electrodes 116a, 116b are formed on a predetermined region on the interlayer insulating layer 115.
The source and drain electrodes 116a, 116b are formed to connect to the ohmic contact layer 112b, and a planarization layer 117 is formed on the interlayer insulating layer 115 including the source and drain electrodes 116a, 116b.
On one region of the planarization layer 117, a first electrode 119 is formed. The first electrode 119 is connected to one region exposed to any one of source and drain electrodes 116a, 116b through a via hole 118.
On the planarization layer 117 including the first electrode 119, a pixel defining film 120 having an opening (not shown) exposing at least one region of the first electrode 119 is formed.
In the opening of the pixel defining film 120, an organic layer 121 is formed. A second electrode layer 122 is formed over the pixel defining film 120 and the organic layer 121. A passivation layer can be further formed on an upper surface of the second electrode layer 122.
The embodiments may apply to either an active matrix structure or an passive matrix structure of the organic light-emitting elements. A skilled artisan will appreciate that such structures may be modified. The respective structures are well known, and therefore, the detailed explanation thereof will be omitted.
The encapsulation substrate 200, which is a member for sealing at least the pixel region 100a of a substrate on which the organic light-emitting element is formed, can include a transparent material in the case of front side light-emitting or both sides light-emitting. Alternatively, the encapsulation substrate may be made of an opaque material in the case of rear side light-emitting. An exemplary material for the encapsulation substrate 200 may be, but are not limited to, glass in the case of the front side light-emitting.
The encapsulation substrate 200 in a plate form in the illustrated embodiment, seals at least the pixel region in which organic light-emitting element is formed. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, all regions other than the data driver and the pad part are sealed.
The frit 150, which is formed in the space between the encapsulation substrate 200 and the non-pixel region 100b of the substrate 100, encapsulates the pixel region 100a so that ambient air cannot be infiltrated. The frit may refer to glass raw material including additives in the form of a powder. It may also refer to glass formed by melting the frit. In the context of this document, “frit” may refer to either of them.
The frit 150 is formed to form a closed line by being spaced from an edge of the side wherein the encapsulation substrate 200 is bonded to the substrate 100 at regular intervals.
The frit 150, which includes glass material, absorber for absorbing laser, and a filler for reducing thermal expansion coefficient, is applied to the encapsulation substrate 200 in a frit paste state. Then, the frit 150 is melted and cured between the encapsulation substrate 200 and the substrate 100 by laser or infrared rays, encapsulating the encapsulation substrate 200 and the substrate 100.
In one embodiment, a compound containing a transition metal is included as absorber. An example of such material may include V2O5.
In one embodiment, the line formed by the frit 150 is from about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm in width. The thickness of the frit 150 may be from about 10 to about 20 μm.
Meanwhile, the constitution and the material of the side of the substrate 100 with which the frit 150 is directly contacted are not limited to the embodiment described above. In one embodiment, the sections other than the section of the metal wiring directly connected with a driver integrated circuit do not overlap with metal wiring. Since the frit 150 is irradiated with laser or the infrared rays as described above, the metal wiring may be damaged when the frit 150 overlaps with the metal wiring.
The supplement member 160, which is formed on the side of the frit 150, prevents the organic light-emitting display device from easily breaking when all of the substrate 100, the encapsulation substrate 200 and the frit 150 are glass. The supplement member 160 also serves as an encapsulating member when the frit 150 is not adhered by being melted or when its adhesion is weak. The supplement member 160 can be spaced apart from the frit 150 by a predetermined gap. In other embodiments, the supplement member 160 may contact the frit 150.
As a material of the supplement member 160, resins that are self-cured, thermally-cured or UV-cured can be used. For example, the self-curable resin includes acrylate cyanide. Acrylate is a material thermally curable at a temperature less than about 80° C. Epoxy, acrylate and urethane acrylate may be UV cured.
Meanwhile, unlike the embodiment in
The foregoing organic light-emitting display device can be prepared in various methods, however it will be described based on the first embodiment of the preparing method by referring to
First, the frit 150 is applied to peripheral portions spaced a predetermined distance from the edge of the encapsulation substrate 200. The frit 150 is formed on a position corresponding to a non-pixel region of a substrate which will be described later. The frit 150 is applied to the encapsulation substrate 200 in a paste form and is cured by annealing after moisture or organic binder included in the paste is removed. (
Next, referring to
Next, the substrate 100 including a pixel region including an organic light-emitting element and a non-pixel region in which a driving integrated circuit and a metal wiring, etc., are formed is provided. The substrate 100 is bonded to the encapsulation substrate 200, enclosing the section including the pixel region. (
Next, the supplement member 160 is cured between the bonded substrate 100 and the encapsulation substrate 200. When the material of supplement member 160 is ultraviolet rays curing, it is irradiated with ultraviolet rays after masking. When the material of supplement member 160 is thermosetting, the supplement member 160 is irradiated with heat. In case of curing by heat, since high temperature causes fatal damages to an organic light-emitting element. In one embodiment, the temperature is about 80° C. or less. (
Next, the frit 150 between the substrate 100 and the encapsulation substrate 200 bonded to each other is irradiated with laser or infrared rays. As a result, the frit 150 is melted between the substrate 100 and the encapsulation substrate 200. In one embodiment, the frit 150 is melted by laser or infrared rays. The wavelength of the laser or infrared rays to be irradiated may be from about 800 mm to about 1200 mm (optionally, 810 nm). The beam size may be from about 1.0 nm to about 3.0 nm in diameter. The output electric power may be from about 25 watt to about 45 watt. The part other than the frit 150 is to be masked. As a material for masking, a double film of copper and aluminum can be used. Thereafter, the melted frit 150 adheres the substrate 100 to the encapsulation substrate 200, while being cured. (
Meanwhile, the second embodiment of the preparing method of the organic light-emitting display device provides a method switching the step of curing the supplement member with the step of irradiating the frit by laser. A person having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the supplement member can be cured after melting/curing the frit.
The foregoing preparing method is a preparing method for preparing an individual organic light-emitting display device. In mass production, a plurality of display device cells are prepared simultaneously. The preparing method therefore will be described, with reference to
First, an encapsulation substrate original sheet 400 is provided. The original sheet 400 will be cut into individual encapsulation substrates as will be better understood from later description. A frit paste is applied in the form of a closed loop onto the portions of the original sheet where frit seals will be formed. The frit paste may include glass material, absorber for absorbing laser, a filler for reducing thermal expansion coefficient, and an organic binder, etc. After the frit paste is applied, the frit paste is annealed at the temperature between about 300° C. and 500° C., and the organic binder or the moisture, etc. is evaporated during the annealing process. (
Next, the supplement member 360 including a resin is applied along the outer side of the applied frit paste 350. The supplement member 360 is formed by a dispenser or a screen print method. It can be formed by being spaced from the frit paste at a predetermined interval or contacting the frit. Also, the supplement member 360 may be formed not to protrude from the edge of the encapsulation substrate or may be formed inside from the edge. (
In one embodiment, the resin material is further formed along edges of the entire encapsulation substrate original sheet 400. Then, the original sheet encapsulating member 370 is first cured and adhered by bonding the encapsulation substrate original sheet 400 to a substrate original sheet 300. Then, a bonding process is performed. In this case, even though the bonding process of the original sheet encapsulating member 370 is progressed in a non-vacuum condition, it can prevent the inner organic light-emitting element from being exposed to the ambient air.
Next, the encapsulation substrate original sheet 400 on which the annealed frit 350 is formed is bonded to the substrate original sheet 300 separately prepared. At this time, the encapsulation substrate original sheet 400 is bonded so that it can cover the respective pixel regions of the substrate original sheet 300. (
Next, the supplement member 360 is irradiated with laser or heat. The supplement member including the resin material is thereby cured, supplement the frit. (
Next, the frit 350 between the substrate original sheet 300 and the original sheet 400 of the encapsulation substrate bonded to each other is irradiated with laser or infrared rays to adhere the respective substrate original sheet 300 and encapsulation substrate original sheet 400. In one embodiment, the frit 150 is melted by laser or infrared rays. The wavelength of the laser or infrared rays to be irradiated may be set to be about 810 nm. The beam size may be set to be from about 1.0 mm to about 3.0 mm in diameter. The output electric power is set to be from about 25 watt to about 45 watt. The laser can be irradiated in the direction of the encapsulation substrate side, the substrate side, or both sides thereof. Also, in one embodiment, the inside of the substrate and the encapsulation substrate in a bonded state is kept to have a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure. (
Next, an individual organic light-emitting display device can be prepared by cutting a plurality of substrate original sheets 300 and encapsulation substrate original sheets 400 in a bonded state into individual display device units. In one embodiment, a cutting line is located between respective two of the supplement members. In an embodiment where an individual encapsulation substrate is bonded only to a predetermined region of an individual substrate, only the encapsulation substrate is separately cut. (
Subsequently, after the individual panels are chamfered and washed, the substrate is provided with a driving integrated circuit. A polarizing plate is provided to a surface of the encapsulation substrate. Also, the process for applying a flexible-printed circuit and a tuppy is conducted.
In the embodiment where organic light-emitting display device are mass-produced using an original sheet as described above, a person having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the frit may be first cured and the supplement material may be cured later.
Although the invention is mainly described on the basis of the above embodiments, other various modifications and changes might be made without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention. For example, changes in the method for forming the supplement member and the position for forming the supplement member might be made.
Although some embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes might be made in this embodiment without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention that are defined in the claims and their equivalents. For example, the forming method and the forming position of the supplement member may be varied.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2006-0006149 | Jan 2006 | KR | national |
| 10-2006-0035455 | Apr 2006 | KR | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3966449 | Foster | Jun 1976 | A |
| 4004936 | Powell | Jan 1977 | A |
| 4105292 | Conder et al. | Aug 1978 | A |
| 4238704 | Bonk et al. | Dec 1980 | A |
| 4702566 | Tukude | Oct 1987 | A |
| 4826297 | Kubo et al. | May 1989 | A |
| 4984059 | Kubota et al. | Jan 1991 | A |
| 5808719 | Fujiwara et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5811927 | Anderson et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5965907 | Huang et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 6005653 | Matsuzawa | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6087717 | Ano et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6109994 | Cho et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6195142 | Gyotoku et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6210815 | Ooishi | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6211938 | Mori | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6288487 | Arai | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6424009 | Ju | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6452323 | Byrum et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6489719 | Young et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6495262 | Igeta | Dec 2002 | B2 |
| 6515417 | Duggal et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6551724 | Ishii et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
| 6554672 | Dunham et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
| 6555025 | Krupetsky et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6565400 | Lee et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6590337 | Nishikawa et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6603254 | Ando | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6605826 | Yamazaki et al. | Aug 2003 | B2 |
| 6624572 | Kim et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6646284 | Yamazaki et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6650392 | Iwanagaga et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6660547 | Guenther | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6671029 | Choi | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6717052 | Wang et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6744199 | Tanaka | Jun 2004 | B1 |
| 6791660 | Hayashi et al. | Sep 2004 | B1 |
| 6831725 | Niiya | Dec 2004 | B2 |
| 6833668 | Yamada et al. | Dec 2004 | B1 |
| 6861801 | Kim et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
| 6878467 | Chung et al. | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6896572 | Park et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6914661 | Masuda et al. | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 6924594 | Ogura et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6936963 | Langer et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6956324 | Yamazaki | Oct 2005 | B2 |
| 6956638 | Akiyama et al. | Oct 2005 | B2 |
| 6965195 | Yamazaki et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6980275 | Konuma et al. | Dec 2005 | B1 |
| 6993537 | Buxton et al. | Jan 2006 | B2 |
| 6998776 | Aitken et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 7030558 | Park et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7098589 | Erchak et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7112115 | Yamazaki et al. | Sep 2006 | B1 |
| 7141925 | Wittmann et al. | Nov 2006 | B2 |
| 7154218 | Murakami et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| 7178927 | Seo | Feb 2007 | B2 |
| 7186020 | Taya et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7187121 | Hasegawa et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7193218 | Nagano | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7193364 | Klausmann et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7193366 | Tomimatsu et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7202602 | Anandan | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7211938 | Tanaka | May 2007 | B2 |
| 7214429 | Kato et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
| 7247986 | Kang et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7255823 | Guether et al. | Aug 2007 | B1 |
| 7291977 | Kim et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
| 7306346 | Fukuoka et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
| 7317281 | Hayashi et al. | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7332858 | Nomura et al. | Feb 2008 | B2 |
| 7342357 | Sakano et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7344901 | Hawtof et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7359021 | Ota et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7371143 | Becken et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7393257 | Spencer et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7407423 | Aitken et al. | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7423375 | Guenther et al. | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7425166 | Burt et al. | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7425518 | Yoshida et al. | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7426010 | Lee et al. | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7452738 | Hayashi et al. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
| 7474375 | Kwak et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7498186 | Lee | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7514280 | Lee | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7528544 | Kwak et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
| 7537504 | Becken et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
| 7564185 | Song et al. | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7579203 | Yamazaki et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
| 7579220 | Ohnuma et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
| 7585022 | Achilles et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7586254 | Kwak et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7597603 | Becken et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7821197 | Lee | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7825594 | Lee et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7834550 | Lee et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7837530 | Park | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7944143 | Choi et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
| 20020024051 | Yamazaki et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
| 20020044253 | Masuda et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20020084464 | Yamazaki et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020125816 | Dunham et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020125817 | Yamazaki et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20030020124 | Guenther | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030066311 | Li et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030077396 | Lecompte et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030122476 | Wang et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030127976 | Kim et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030137630 | Niiya | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030218422 | Park et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030222061 | Langer et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030227252 | Ikeya et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20040069017 | Li et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040075380 | Takemoto et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040104655 | Kodera et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040135520 | Park et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040141141 | Ota et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040150319 | Tomimatsu et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040169033 | Kuibira et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040169174 | Huh et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040201348 | Anandan | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040206953 | Morena et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040207314 | Aitken et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040217703 | Wittmann et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040251827 | Kang et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040256979 | Murakami et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040263740 | Sakakura et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20050001545 | Aitken et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050023956 | Kwak et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050046338 | Park | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050088595 | Akiyama et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050092927 | Nagano | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050110404 | Park et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050127820 | Yamazaki et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050174046 | Hasegawa et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050195355 | Kwak et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050200798 | Tanaka | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050218396 | Tsuchiya et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050231107 | Yamazaki et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050233885 | Yoshida et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050248270 | Ghosh et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20050258744 | Kwak et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20050275342 | Yanagawa | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20060017382 | Hu et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060084348 | Becken et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060088951 | Hayashi et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060261336 | Ohnuma et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060284556 | Tremel et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20060290261 | Sawai et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20070120478 | Lee et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070128966 | Becken et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070170324 | Lee et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070170423 | Choi et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070170605 | Lee et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070170839 | Choi et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070170845 | Choi et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070170850 | Choi et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070170855 | Choi et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070170857 | Choi et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070170859 | Choi et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070170860 | Choi et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070170861 | Lee et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070171637 | Choi | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070172971 | Boroson | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070173167 | Choi et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070176549 | Park | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070177069 | Lee | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070194690 | Lee | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070194710 | Song et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070196949 | Lee | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070197120 | Lee | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070232182 | Park | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20080074036 | Wang et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 1290121 | Apr 2001 | CN |
| 1438825 | Aug 2003 | CN |
| 1551686 | Dec 2004 | CN |
| 1577413 | Feb 2005 | CN |
| 1617636 | May 2005 | CN |
| 1625309 | Jun 2005 | CN |
| 1212662 | Jul 2005 | CN |
| 1670570 | Sep 2005 | CN |
| 1 575 090 | Sep 2005 | EP |
| 1 777 748 | Apr 2007 | EP |
| 030-37933 | Feb 1991 | JP |
| 04-147217 | May 1992 | JP |
| 04-301879 | Oct 1992 | JP |
| 06-034983 | Feb 1994 | JP |
| 06-337429 | Oct 1994 | JP |
| 07-074583 | Mar 1995 | JP |
| 09-258671 | Mar 1997 | JP |
| 09-278483 | Oct 1997 | JP |
| 10-074583 | Mar 1998 | JP |
| 10-125463 | May 1998 | JP |
| 10-161137 | Jun 1998 | JP |
| 63-163423 | Jul 1998 | JP |
| 10-201585 | Aug 1998 | JP |
| 11-007031 | Jan 1999 | JP |
| 11-202349 | Jul 1999 | JP |
| 2001-022293 | Jan 2001 | JP |
| 2001-052858 | Feb 2001 | JP |
| 2001-055527 | Feb 2001 | JP |
| 2001-203076 | Feb 2001 | JP |
| 2001-110564 | Apr 2001 | JP |
| 2001-230072 | Aug 2001 | JP |
| 2001-319775 | Nov 2001 | JP |
| 2002-020169 | Jan 2002 | JP |
| 2002-093576 | Mar 2002 | JP |
| 2002-100472 | Apr 2002 | JP |
| 2002-117777 | Apr 2002 | JP |
| 2002-170664 | Jun 2002 | JP |
| 2002-216951 | Aug 2002 | JP |
| 2002-280169 | Sep 2002 | JP |
| 2002-318547 | Oct 2002 | JP |
| 2002-324662 | Nov 2002 | JP |
| 2002-359070 | Dec 2002 | JP |
| 2003-123966 | Apr 2003 | JP |
| 2003-228302 | Aug 2003 | JP |
| 2003-243160 | Aug 2003 | JP |
| 2003-297552 | Oct 2003 | JP |
| 2004-029552 | Jan 2004 | JP |
| 2004-070351 | Mar 2004 | JP |
| 04-151656 | May 2004 | JP |
| 2004-172048 | Jun 2004 | JP |
| 2004-303733 | Oct 2004 | JP |
| 2004-319103 | Nov 2004 | JP |
| 2005-049808 | Feb 2005 | JP |
| 2005-071984 | Mar 2005 | JP |
| 2005-112676 | Apr 2005 | JP |
| 2005-510831 | Apr 2005 | JP |
| 2005-123089 | May 2005 | JP |
| 2005-158672 | Jun 2005 | JP |
| 2005-190683 | Jul 2005 | JP |
| 2005-216746 | Aug 2005 | JP |
| 2005-222807 | Aug 2005 | JP |
| 2005-251415 | Sep 2005 | JP |
| 2005-258405 | Sep 2005 | JP |
| 2005-302707 | Oct 2005 | JP |
| 2005-302738 | Oct 2005 | JP |
| 2005-340020 | Dec 2005 | JP |
| 2006-524419 | Oct 2006 | JP |
| 10-1995-0009817 | Apr 1995 | KR |
| 10-1998-0017583 | Jun 1998 | KR |
| 10-2000-0045292 | Jul 2000 | KR |
| 10-2001-0079597 | Aug 2001 | KR |
| 10-2001-0084380 | Sep 2001 | KR |
| 10-2002-0051153 | Jun 2002 | KR |
| 10-2003-0044656 | Jun 2003 | KR |
| 10-2003-0089447 | Nov 2003 | KR |
| 10-2004-0011138 | Feb 2004 | KR |
| 10-2005-0024592 | Mar 2005 | KR |
| 10-2005-0070543 | Jul 2005 | KR |
| 10-2005-0076664 | Jul 2005 | KR |
| 10-2005-0112318 | Nov 2005 | KR |
| 10-2005-0115408 | Dec 2005 | KR |
| 10-2006-0005369 | Jan 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0006148 | Jan 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0006149 | Jan 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0007025 | Jan 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0007353 | Jan 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0007354 | Jan 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0007889 | Jan 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0007890 | Jan 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0007892 | Jan 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0007893 | Jan 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0007962 | Jan 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0007963 | Jan 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0008462 | Jan 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0008463 | Jan 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0008464 | Jan 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0008761 | Jan 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0008769 | Jan 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0011831 | Feb 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0016188 | Feb 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0016316 | Feb 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0016446 | Feb 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0016856 | Feb 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0016857 | Feb 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0020109 | Mar 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0025755 | Mar 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0026816 | Mar 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0027321 | Mar 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0028571 | Mar 2006 | KR |
| 10-2006-0035455 | Apr 2006 | KR |
| 508976 | Nov 2002 | TW |
| 515062 | Dec 2002 | TW |
| 517356 | Jan 2003 | TW |
| 564563 | Dec 2003 | TW |
| 569166 | Jan 2004 | TW |
| I227094 | Jan 2005 | TW |
| I228686 | Mar 2005 | TW |
| 200513144 | Apr 2005 | TW |
| I237218 | Aug 2005 | TW |
| I238026 | Aug 2005 | TW |
| 200541379 | Dec 2005 | TW |
| 200541382 | Dec 2005 | TW |
| 1I277125 | Mar 2007 | TW |
| WO 0221557 | Mar 2002 | WO |
| WO 2003005774 | Jan 2003 | WO |
| WO 2004094331 | Nov 2004 | WO |
| WO 2004095597 | Nov 2004 | WO |
| WO 2004112160 | Dec 2004 | WO |
| WO 2005050751 | Jun 2005 | WO |
| WO 2006045067 | Apr 2006 | WO |
| WO 2007067420 | Jun 2007 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20070170861 A1 | Jul 2007 | US |
