ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUND, ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE INCLUDING ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUND AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS INCLUDING THE ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Applications Nos. 10-2019-0154355, filed on Nov. 27, 2019, and 10-2020-0159546, filed on Nov. 25, 2020, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the content of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.

BACKGROUND
1. Field

The present disclosure relates to an organometallic compound, an organic light-emitting device including the organometallic compound and an electronic apparatus including the organic light emitting device.

2. Description of Related Art

Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are self-emission devices which produce full-color images. In addition, OLEDs have wide viewing angles and exhibit excellent driving voltage and response speed characteristics.

Typical OLEDs include an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer that is between the anode and the cathode and includes an emission layer. A hole transport region may be between the anode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region may be between the emission layer and the cathode. Holes provided from the anode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons provided from the cathode may move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. The holes and the electrons recombine in the emission layer to produce excitons. These excitons transit from an excited state to a ground state to thereby generate light.

SUMMARY

Provided are an organometallic compound, an organic light-emitting device including the organometallic compound and an electronic apparatus including the organic light emitting device.

Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments of the disclosure.

According an aspect of an embodiment, an organometallic compound is represented by Formula 1:

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wherein, M in Formula 1 is a transition metal,

X₁to X₄in Formula 1 are each independently C or N,

in Formula 1, two of a bond between X₁and M, a bond between X₂and M, a bond between X₃and M, and a bond between X₄and M are each a coordinate bond, and the rest may each be a covalent bond,

Z₁to Z₄in Formula 1 are each independently a group represented by Formula 2:

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b1 to b4 in Formula 1 are each independently an integer from 0 to 20, and the sum of b1 to b4 is 1 or greater,

ring CY₁to ring CY₄in Formula 1 are each independently a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group or a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group,

T₁in Formula 1 is a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R_5a)—*′, *—B(R_5a)—*′, *—P(R_5a)—*′, *—C(R_5a)(R_5b)—*′, *—Si(R_5a)(R_5b)—*′, *—Ge(R_5a)(R_5b)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*40 , *—S(═O)₂—*′, *—C(R_5a)═*′, *═C(R_5a)—*′, *—C(R_5a)═C(R_5b)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a, or a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a,

T₂in Formula 1 is a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R_6a)—*′, *—B(R_6a)—*′, *—P(R_6a)—*′, *—C(R_6a)(R_6b)—*′, *—Si(R_6a)(R_6b)—*′, *—Ge(R_6a)(R_6b)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)₂—*′, *—C(R_6a)═*′, *═C(R_6a)—*′, *—C(R_6a)═C(R_6b)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a, or a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a,

T₃in Formula 1 is a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R_7a)—′, *—B(R_7a)—*′, *—P(R_7a)—*′, *—C(R_7a)(R_7b)—*′, *—Si(R_7a)(R_7b)—*′, *—Ge(R_7a)(R_7b)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—′, *—S(═O)₂—*′, *—C(R_7a)═*′, *═C(R_7a)—*′, *—C(R_7a)═C(R_7b)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a, or a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a,

T₄in Formula 1 is a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R_8a)—*′, *—B(R_8a)—*′, *—P(R_8a)—*′, *—C(R_8a)(R_8b)—*′, *—Si(R_8a)(R_8b)—*′, *—Ge(R_8a)(R_8b)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)₂—*′, *—C(R_8a)═*′, *═C(R_8a)—*′, *—C(R_8a)═C(R_8b)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a, or a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a,

n1 to n4 in Formula 1 are each independently an integer from 0 to 5, and at least three of n1 to n4 are each independently an integer from 1 to 5,

in Formula 1, when n1 is 0, T₁is not present, when n2 is 0, T₂is not present, when n3 is 0, T₃is not present, and when n4 is 0, T₄is not present, in Formula 1, when n1 is 2 or greater, at least two T₁(s) are identical to or different from each other, when n2 is 2 or greater, at least two T₂(s) are identical to or different from each other, when n3 is 2 or greater, at least two T₃(s) are identical to or different from each other, and when n4 is 2 or greater, at least two T4(s) are identical to or different from each other,

R₁to R₄, R_5a, R_5b, R_6a, R_6b, R_7a, R_7b, R_8a, R_8b, and Q₅₁to Q₅₃in Formulae 1 and 2 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF₅, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated C₁-C₁₀heterocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₇-C₆₀alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —Si(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), —Ge(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), —B(Q₆)(Q₇), —P(═O)(Q₈)(Q₉), or —P(Q₈)(Q₉), and none of Q₅₁to Q₅₃in Formula 2 may be hydrogen,

at least one of Q₅₁to Q₅₃in Formula 2 is independently a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

a1 to a4 in Formula 1 are each independently an integer from 0 to 20,

L₁in Formula 2 is a single bond, a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10aor a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a,

c1 in Formula 2 is an integer from 1 to 10,

c2 in Formula 2 is an integer from 1 to 20,

at least two R₁(s) in the number of a1 in Formula 1 is optionally bound to form a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10aor a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a,

at least two R₂(s) in the number of a2 in Formula 1 is optionally bound to form a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10aor a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a,

at least two R₃(s) in the number of a3 in Formula 1 is optionally bound to form a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10aor a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a,

at least two R₄(s) in the number of a4 in Formula 1 is optionally bound to form a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10aor a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a,

at least two R₁to R₄, R_5a, R_5b, R_6a, R_6b, R_7a, R_7b, R_8a, and R_8bis optionally bound to form a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10aor a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a,

R_10ais understood by referring to the description of R₁provided herein,

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to an adjacent atom, and

a substituent of the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkylthio group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, the substituted heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted unsaturated C₁-C₁₀heterocyclic group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, the substituted C₇-C₆₀alkyl aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀alkyl heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, or a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, or C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, each substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, an unsaturated C₁-C₁₀heterocyclic group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), —Ge(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇), —P(═O)(Q₁₈)(Q₁₉), —P(Q₁₈)(Q₁₉), or any combination thereof;

a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, an unsaturated C₁-C₁₀heterocyclic group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, an unsaturated C₁-C₁₀heterocyclic group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅), —Ge(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅), —B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇), —P(═O)(Q₂₈)(Q₂₉), —P(Q₂₈)(Q₂₉), or any combination thereof;

—N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —S(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), —Ge(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇), —P(═O)(Q₃₈)(Q₃₉), or —P(Q₃₈)(Q₃₉), or

any combination thereof,

wherein Q₁to Q₉, Q₁₁to Q₁₉, Q₂₁to Q₂₉, and Q₃₁to Q₃₉is independently hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; an amidino group; a hydrazine group; a hydrazone group; a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof; a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof; a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof; a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, or any combination thereof; a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group; a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group; a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group; a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group; a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group; a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group; a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group; an unsaturated C₁-C₁₀heterocyclic group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, or any combination thereof; a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group; a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group; a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group; a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group; or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

According to an aspect of another embodiment, an organic light-emitting device may include: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, wherein the organic layer may include at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.

The organometallic compound may be included in the emission layer of the organic layer, and the organometallic compound included in the emission layer may serve as a dopant.

According to an aspect of another embodiment, there is provided an electronic apparatus including the organic light-emitting device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of the disclosure will be more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

The FIGURE is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device according to an exemplary embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, to explain aspects. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may be present therebetween In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” another element, there are no intervening elements present

It will be understood that, although the terms “first,” “second,” “third” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section Thus, “a first element,” “component,” “region,” “layer” or “section” discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings herein.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, “a,” “an,” “the,” and “at least one” do not denote a limitation of quantity, and are intended to cover both the singular and plural, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, “an element” has the same meaning as “at least one element,” unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

“Or” means “and/or.” As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” or “includes” and/or “including” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

Furthermore, relative terms, such as “lower” or “bottom” and “upper” or “top,” may be used herein to describe one element's relationship to another element as illustrated in the Figures It will be understood that relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the Figures For example, if the device in one of the figures is turned over, elements described as being on the “lower” side of other elements would then be oriented on “upper” sides of the other elements The exemplary term “lower,” can therefore, encompasses both an orientation of “lower” and “upper,” depending on the particular orientation of the figure Similarly, if the device in one of the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements would then be oriented “above” the other elements The exemplary terms “below” or “beneath” can, therefore, encompass both an orientation of above and below.

“About” or “approximately” as used herein is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±30%, 20%, 10% or 5% of the stated value.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross section illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected Thus, embodiments described herein should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions as illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a region illustrated or described as flat may, typically, have rough and/or nonlinear features Moreover, sharp angles that are illustrated may be rounded Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are not intended to limit the scope of the present claims.

According to an aspect, an organometallic compound may be represented by Formula 1:

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wherein, in Formula 1, M may be a transition metal.

In some embodiments, M may a first-row transition metal, a second-row transition metal, or a third-row transition metal in the periodic table of elements.

In some embodiments, M may be iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), thulium (Tm), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), or gold (Au).

In some embodiments, M in Formula 1 may be Pt, Pd, or Au.

In Formula 1, X₁to X₄may each independently be C or N.

In some embodiments, X₂and X₃may each be C, and X₄may be N.

In some embodiments, X₁to X₃may each be C, and X₄may be N.

In Formula 1, two a bond between X₁and M, a bond between X₂and M, a bond between X₃and M, and a bond between X₄and M may each be a coordinate bond, and the rest may each be a covalent bond.

In some embodiments, a bond between X₁and M in Formula 1 may be a coordinate bond. For example, in Formula 1, a bond between X₁and M may be a coordinate bond and X₁may be C. Alternatively, in Formula 1, a bond between X₁and M may be a coordinate bond and X₁may be N.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, a bond between X₁and M and a bond between X₄and M may each be a coordinate bond, and a bond between X₂and M and a bond between X₃and M may each be a covalent bond.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1,

X₂and X₃may each be C,

X₄may be N,

a bond between X₂and M and a bond between X₃and M may each be a covalent bond, and

a bond between X₁and M and a bond between X₄and M may each be a coordinate bond.

Z₁to Z₄in Formula 1 may each independently be a group represented by Formula 2:

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Formula 2 may be understood by referring to the description thereof provided herein.

In Formula 1, b1 to b4 may respectively indicate the number of Z₁(s) to Z₄(s), and b1 to b4 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 20 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, or 3), wherein the sum of b1 to b4 may be 1 or greater (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6). That is, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may include at least one (e.g., one, two, three, four, five, or six) group represented by Formula 2. When b1 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₁groups may be identical to or different from each other, when b2 is 2 or greater, at least two Z₂groups may be identical to or different from each other, when b3 is 2 is or greater, at least two Z₃groups may be identical to or different from each other, and when b4 is 2 is or greater, at least two Z₄groups may be identical to or different from each other.

In some embodiments, in Formula 1, b1 may be 0, 1, 2 or 3 and b2 to b4 may be 0 or 1.

In some embodiments, in Formula 1, the sum of b1, b2, b3 and b4 may be 1, 2 or 3.

In some embodiments, in Formula 1,

i) b1 may be 1, 2 or 3, and b2, b3, and b4 may each be 0,

ii) b2 may be 1, and b1, b3, and b4 may each be 0,

iii) b3 may be 1, and b1, b2, and b4 may each be 0,

iv) b4 may be 1, and b1, b2, and b3 may be 0,

v) b1 may be 1 or 2, b2 may be 1, and b3 and b4 may each be 0,

vi) b1 may be 1 or 2, b3 may be 1, and b2 and b4 may each be 0,

vii) b1 may be 1 or 2, b4 may be 1, and b2 and b3 may each be 0,

viii) b1 may be 0, b2 may be 1, and b3 may be 1, and b4 may be 0,

ix) b1 may be 0, b2 may be 1, and b3 may be 0, and b4 may be 1, or

- x) b1 may be 0, b2 may be 0, and b3 may be 1, and b4 may be 1.

In Formula 1, ring CY1 to ring CY4 may each independently be a 05-030 carbocyclic group or a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group.

In some embodiments, ring CY₁to ring CY₄in Formula 1 may each independently be i) a first ring, ii) a second ring, iii) a condensed ring in which at least two first rings are condensed, iv) a condensed ring in which at least two second rings are condensed, or v) a condensed ring in which at least one first ring is condensed with at least one second ring,

the first ring may be a cyclopentane group, a cyclopentadiene group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a pyrrole group, a silole group, a borole group, a phosphole group, a germole group, a selenophene group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a 1,2,3-oxadiazole group, a 1,2,4-oxadiazole group, a 1,2,5-oxadiazole group, a 1,3,4-oxadiazole group, an oxatriazole group, an isooxatriazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a 1,2,3-thiadiazole group, a 1,2,4-thiadiazole group, a 1,2,5-thiadiazole group, a 1,3,4-thiadiazole group, a thiatriazole group, an isothiatriazole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a 1,2,3-triazole group, a 1,2,4-triazole group, a tetrazole group, an azasilole group, a 1,2,3-diazasilole group, a 1,2,4-diazasilole group, a 1,2,5-diazasilole group, a 1,3,4-diazasilole group, or a triazasilole group, and

the second ring may be an adamantane group, a norbornane group, a norbornene group, a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, a cyclohexadiene group, a benzene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a 1,3,5-triazine group, a 1,2,3-triazine group, a 1,2,4-triazine group, a 1,2-oxazine group, a 1,3-oxazine group, a 1,4-oxazine group, a 1,2-thiazine group, a 1,3-thiazine group, a 1,4-thiazine group, a dihydropyrazine group, a dihydropyridine group, or a dihydroazasilole group.

In some embodiments, ring CY₁in Formula 1 may be i) a first ring, ii) a condensed ring in which at least two first rings are condensed, or iii) a condensed ring in which at least one first ring is condensed with at least one second ring, and C or N in the first ring included in ring CY₁may be X₁in Formula 1. That is, the first ring (e.g., a 5-membered ring) included in ring CY₁may be bound to M in Formula 1. The first ring and the second ring may respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of the first ring and the second ring provided herein.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, ring CY₁to ring CY₄may each independently be a cyclopentane group, a cyclopentene group, a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, a cyclohexadiene group, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a cyclopentadiene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a thiophene group, a furan group, a borole group, a phosphole group, a germole group, a selenophene group, an indole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzogermole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, a 9H-fluorene-9-one group, a dibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, an azaindole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzogermole group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, an aza-9H-fluoren-9-one group, an azadibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a 1,3,5-triazine group, a 1,2,3-triazine group, a 1,2,4-triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a pyrrole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a 1,2,3-triazole group, a 1,2,4-triazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group, an adamantane group, a norbornane group, or a norbornene group.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, ring CY₁may be a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a 1,2,3-triazole group, a 1,2,4-triazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a 1,3,5-triazine group, a 1,2,3-triazine group, a 1,2,4-triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, or a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, ring CY₂and CY₃may each independently be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a carbazole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a 1,3,5-triazine group, a 1,2,3-triazine group, a 1,2,4-triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, or a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, ring CY₄may be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a carbazole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a 1,3,5-triazine group, a 1,2,3-triazine group, a 1,2,4-triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group, benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, or a benzothiazole group.

In Formula 1, T₁may be a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R_5a)—*′, *—B(R_5a)—*′, *—P(R_5a)—*′, *—C(R_5a)(R_5b)—*′, *—Si(R_5a)(R_5b)—*′, *—Ge(R_5a)(R_5b)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)₂—*′, *—C(R_5a)═*′, *═C(R_5a)—*′, *—C(R_5a)═C(R_5b)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C*′, a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a, or a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a, T₂may be a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R_6a)—*′, *—B(R_6a)—*′, *—P(R_6a)—*′, *—C(R_6a)(R_6b)—*′, *—Si(R_6a)(R_6b)—*′, *—Ge(R_6a)(R_6b)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)₂—*′, *—C(R_6a)═*′, *═C(R_6a)—*′, *—C(R_6a)═C(R_6b)—*′, *—O(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a, or a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a, T₃may be a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R_7a)—*′, *—B(R_7a)—*′, *—P(R_7a)—*′, *—C(R_7a)(R_7b)—*′, *—Si(R_7a)(R_7b)—*′, *—Ge(R_7a)(R_7b)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—′, *—O—′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)₂—*′, *—C(R_7a)═*′, *═C(R_7a)—*′, *—C(R_7a)═C(R_7b)—*′, *—O(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a, or a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a, and T₄may be a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R_8a)—*′, *—B(R_8a)—*′, *—P(R_8a)—*′, *—C(R_8a)(R_8b)—*′, *—Si(R_8a)(R_8b)—*′, *—Ge(R_8a)(R_8b)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)₂—*′, *—C(R_8a)═*′, *═C(R_8a)—*′, *—C(R_8a)═C(R_8b)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a, or a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a. R_5a, R_5b, R_6a, R_6b, R_7a, R_7b, R_8a, and R_8bmay respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of R_5a, R_5b, R_6a, R_6b, R_7a, R_7b, R_8a, and R_8bprovided herein.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, T₁may be *—N(R_5a)—*′, *—B(R_5a)—*′, *—C(R_5a)(R_5b)—*′, *—Si(R_5a)(R_5b)—*′, *—S—*′, or *—O—*′.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, T₂may be a single bond, *—N(R_6a)—*′, *—B(R_6a)—*′, *—C(R_6a)(R_6b)—*′, *—Si(R_6a)(R_6b)—*′, *—S—*′, or *—O—*′.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, T₃may be a single bond.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, T₄may be *—N(R_8a)—*′, *—B(R_8a)—*′, *—C(R_8a)(R_8b)—*′, *—Si(R_8a)(R_8b)—*′, *—O—*′, a C₆-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a, or a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a.

n1 to n4 in Formula 1 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 5, and at least three of n1 to n4 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 5. That is, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be a tetradentate ligand.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, i) n1 may be 0 and n2, n3 and n4 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 5, ii) n2 may be 0 and n1, n3 and n4 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 5, iii) n3 may be 0 and n1, n2 and n4 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 5, iv) n4 may be 0 and n1, n2 and n3 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 5, or v) n1, n2, n3 and n4 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 5.

In Formula 1, when n1 is 0, T₁may not be present, when n2 is 0, T₂may not be present, when n3 is 0, T₃may not be present, and when n4 is 0, T₄may not be present.

In Formula 1, when n1 is 2 or greater, at least two T₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when n2 is 2 or greater, at least two T₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when n3 is 2 or greater, at least two T₃(s) may be identical to or different from each other, and when n4 is 2 or greater, at least two T₄(s) may be identical to or different from each other.

In some embodiments, in Formula 1,

1) n4 may be 0, and n1, n2, and n3 may be 1,

2) n4 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4, and n1, n2, and n3 may each be 1,

3) n3 may be 0, n1 and n2 may each be 1, and n4 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4,

4) n2 may be 0, n1 and n3 may each be 1, and n4 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4, or

5) n1 may be 0, n2 and n3 may each be 1, and n4 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4.

In some embodiments, in Formula 1, n1 and n3 may each not be 0.

In some embodiments, in Formula 1, n1 may not be 0 (for example, n1 may be 1), and T₁may be *—N(R_5a)—*′, *—B(R_5a)—*′, *—P(R_5a)—*′, *—C(R_5a)(R_5b)—*′, *—Si(R_5a)(R_5b)—*′, *—Ge(R_5a)(R_5b)—*′, *—S—*′, or *—O—*′.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, n2 may not be 0 (for example, n2 may be 1), and T₂may be a single bond.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, n2 may not be 0 (for example, n2 may be 1), and T₂may be *—N(R_6a)—*′, *—B(R_6a)—*′, *—P(R_6a)—*′, *—C(R_6a)(R_6b)—*′, *—Si(R_6a)(R_6b)—*′, —-Ge(R_6a)(R_6b)—*′, *—S—*′, or *—O—*′.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, n3 may not be 0 (for example, n3 may be 1), and T₃may be a single bond.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, n4 may be 0.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, n4 may not be 0, and T₄may be *—N(R_8a)—*′, *—B(R_8a)—*′, *—P(R_8a)—*′, *—C(R_8a)(R_8b)—*′, *—Si(R_8a)(R_8b)—*′, *—Ge(R_8a)(R_8b)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)₂—*′, *—C(R_8a)═*′, *═C(R_8a)—*′, *—C(R_8a)═C(R_8b)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a, or a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, n4 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4, and T₄may be *—C(R_8a)(R_8b)—*′, *—S—*′, *—O—*′, or a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a.

In Formulae 1 and 2, R₁to R₄, R_5a, R_5b, R_6a, R_6b, R_7a, R_7b, R_8a, R_8b, and Q₅₁to Q₅₃may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF₅, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated C₁-C₁₀heterocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₇-C₆₀alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —Si(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), —Ge(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), —B(Q₆)(Q₇), —P(═O)(Q₈)(Q₉), or —P(Q₈)(Q₉), wherein none of Q₅₁to Q₅₃in Formula 2 may be hydrogen and at least one of Q₅₁to Q₅₃(e.g., one or two of Q₅₁to Q₅₃) in Formula 2 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In some embodiments, R₁to R₄, R_5a, R_5b, R_6a, R_6b, R_7a, R_7b, R_8a, R_8b, and Q₅₁to Q₅₃may each independently be:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, —SF₅, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₂₀alkenyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, or a C₁-C₂₀alkylthio group;

a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₂₀alkenyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, or a C₁-C₂₀alkylthio group, each substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a cyclooctenyl group, a cyclopentadienyl group, a cyclohexadienyl group, a cycloheptadienyl group, a cyclooctadienyl group, a cycloheptatrienyl group, a cyclooctatrienyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octenyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octadienyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octatrienyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cyclopentyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cyclohexyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cycloheptyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cyclooctyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)adamantanyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)norbornanyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)norbornenyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cyclopentenyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cyclohexenyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cycloheptenyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cyclopentadienyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cyclohexadienyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cycloheptadienyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cyclooctadienyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cycloheptatrienyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cyclooctatrienyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octadienyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octatrienyl group, a phenyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, or any combination thereof;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a cyclooctenyl group, a cyclopentadienyl group, a cyclohexadienyl group, a cycloheptadienyl group, a cyclooctadienyl group, a cycloheptatrienyl group, a cyclooctatrienyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octenyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octadienyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octatrienyl group, a phenyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, or an azadibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a deuterated C₂-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a cyclooctenyl group, a cyclopentadienyl group, a cyclohexadienyl group, a cycloheptadienyl group, a cyclooctadienyl group, a cycloheptatrienyl group, a cyclooctatrienyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octenyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octadienyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octatrienyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cyclopentyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cyclohexyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cycloheptyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cyclooctyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)adamantanyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)norbornanyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)norbornenyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cyclopentenyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cyclohexenyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cycloheptenyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cyclopentadienyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cyclohexadienyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cycloheptadienyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cyclooctadienyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cycloheptatrienyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)cyclooctatrienyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a phenyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, an azadibenzothiophenyl group, or any combination thereof; or

—N(Q₁)(Q₂), —Si(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), —Ge(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), —B(Q₆)(Q₇), —P(═O)(Q₈)(Q₉), or —P(Q₈)(Q₉),

wherein Q₁to Q₉may each independently be:

deuterium, —F, —CH₃, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CH₂CH₃, —CH₂CD₃, —CH₂CD₂H, —CH₂CDH₂, —CHDCH₃, —CHDCD₂H, —CHDCDH₂, —CHDCD₃, —CD₂CD₃, —CD₂CD₂H, —CD₂CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, —CH₂CF₃, —CH₂CF₂H, —CH₂CFH₂, —CHFCH₃, —CHFCF₂H, —CHFCFH₂, —CHFCF₃, —CF₂CF₃, —CF₂CF₂H, or —CF₂CFH₂, or

an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a 3-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a phenyl group, or any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, Q₅₁to Q₅₃may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, wherein at least one of Q₅₁to Q₅₃(e.g., one or two of Q₅₁to Q₅₃) may be a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In one or more embodiments,

Q₅₁to Q₅₃may each independently be a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a phenyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, or an azadibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a phenyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, or any combination thereof,

wherein at least one of Q₅₁to Q₅₃(e.g., one or two of Q₅₁to Q₅₃) may be a phenyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, or an azadibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a phenyl group, a (C₁-C₂₀alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, or any combination thereof.

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 1 and 2, R₁to R₄, R_5a, R_5b, R_6a, R_6b, R_7a, R_7b, R_8a, R_8b, and Q₅₁to Q₅₃may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —CH₃, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, C₂-C₁₀alkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a C₁-C₁₀alkylthio group, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with a deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-237, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-237 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with a deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-237 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-129, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-129 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with a deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-129 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-350, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-350 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with a deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-350 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, —Si(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), or —Ge(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅) (wherein Q₃to Q₅may respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of Q₃to Q₅provided herein), wherein none of Q₅₁to Q₅₃in Formula 2 may be hydrogen and at least one of Q₅₁to Q₅₃may each independently a group represented by one of Formulae 10-12 to 10-129, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-12 to 10-129 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with a deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-12 to 10-129 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-350, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-350 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with a deuterium, or a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-350 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F:

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In one or more embodiments, in Formula 2, Q₅₁to Q₅₃may each independently be —CH₃, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with a deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-12 to 10-129, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-129 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with a deuterium, or a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-129 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F.

In one or more embodiments, at least one of Q₅₁to Q₅₃(e.g., one of Q₅₁to Q₅₃) may be a group represented by one of Formulae 10-12 to 10-129, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-129 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with a deuterium, or a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-129 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F.

In Formulae 9-1 to 9-39, 9-201 to 9-237, 10-1 to 10-129, and 10-201 to 10-350, * may indicate a binding site to an adjacent atom, “Ph” represents a phenyl group, “TMS” represents a trimethylsilyl group, and “TMG” represents a trimethylgermyl group.

The “group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with a deuterium” and the “group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-237 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with a deuterium” may each be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-501 to 9-514 and 9-601 to 9-636:

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The “group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” and the “group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-236 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” may each be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-701 to 710:

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The “group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-129 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with a deuterium atom” and the “group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-350 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with a deuterium atom” may each be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-501 to 553:

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The “group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-129 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” and the “group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-350 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” may each be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-601 to 617:

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In Formula 1, a1 to a4 may respectively indicate the number of R₁(s) to R₄(s). a1 to a4 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 20 (e.g., 0, 1, 2, or 3). When a1 is 2 or greater, at least two R₁groups may be identical to or different from each other, when a2 is 2 or greater, at least two R₂groups may be identical to or different from each other, when a3 is 2 is or greater, at least two R₃groups may be identical to or different from each other, and when a4 is 2 is or greater, at least two R₄groups may be identical to or different from each other.

In some embodiments, in Formula 1,

i) al, a2, a3, and a4 may each be 0,

ii) al may be 1, 2 or 3, and a2, a3, and a4 may each be 0,

iii) a2 may be 1 or 2, and al , a3, and a4 may each be 0,

iv) a3 may be 1 or 2, and al , a2, and a4 may each be 0,

v) a4 may be 1 or 2, and al , a2, and a3 may each be 0, or

vi) al and a4 may each be 1, and a2 and a3 may each be 0.

L₁in Formula 2 may be a single bond, a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10aor a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a.

In some embodiments, L₁in Formula 1 may be:

a single bond; or

a cyclopentene group, a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a cyclopentadiene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a thiophene group, a furan group, an indole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzogermole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, a 9H-fluorene-9-one group, a dibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, an azaindole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzogermole group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, an aza-9H-fluoren-9-one group, an azadibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a 1,3,5-triazine group, a 1,2,3-triazine group, a 1,2,4-triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a pyrrole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a 1,2,3-triazole group, a 1,2,4-triazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group, an adamantane group, a norbornane group, or a norbornene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a.

In some embodiments, L₁may be:

a single bond; or

a benzene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a.

In Formula 2, c1 may indicate the number of L₁(s). c1 may be an integer from 1 to 10 (e.g., 1, 2, or 3). When c1 is 2 or greater, at least two L₁(s) may be identical to different from each other.

In Formula 2, c2 may indicate the number of groups represented by *—C(Q₅₁)(Q₅₂)(Q₅₃) (wherein * indicates a binding site to adjacent L₁). c2 may be an integer from 1 to 20 (e.g., 1, 2, or 3). When c2 is 2 or greater, at least two groups represented by *—C(Q₅₁)(Q₅₂)(Q₅₃) may be identical to or different from each other.

In Formula 1, 1) at least two of R₁(s) in the number of al may optionally be bound to form a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10aor a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a, 2) at least two of R₂(s) in the number of a2 may optionally be bound to form a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10aor a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a, 3) at least two of R₃(s) in the number of a3 may optionally be bound to form a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10aor a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a, 4) at least two of R₄(s) in the number of a4 may optionally be bound to form a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10aor a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_{10ab , 5}) at least two of R₁to R₄, R_5a, R_5b, R_6a, R_6b, R_7a, R_7b, R_8a, and R_8bmay optionally be bound to form a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10aor a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a.

R_10aas used herein may be understood by referring to the description of R₁provided herein.

In some embodiments, in Formula 1, n3 may not be 0, and ring CY₁may be represented by one of Formulae CY1(1) to CY1(56) and CY1(101) to CY1(108):

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wherein, in Formulae CY1(1) to CY1(56) and CY1(101) to CY1(108),

X₁may be C or N, provided that, X₁in Formulae CY1(27) to CY1(39) and CY1(101) to CY1(108) may be C,

X₁₁may be O, S, N(R₁₈), C(R₁₈)(R₁₉), or Si(R₁₈)(R₁₉), and R₁₈and R₁₉may each be understood by referring to the descriptions of R₁provided herein,

* indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1,

*′ indicates a binding site to T₃in Formula 1, and

*″ indicates a binding site to T₄in Formula 1.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, n3 may not be 0, n4 may be 0, and the group represented by

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may be represented by one of Formulae CY1-1 to CY1-41 and CY1-Z1 to CY1-Z69:

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wherein, in Formulae CY1-1 to CY1-41 and CY1-Z1 to CY1-Z69,

X₁may be C or N, provided that, X₁in Formulae CY1-22 to CY1-41 and CY1-Z32 to CY1-69Z may be C,

R₁and R₁₁to R₁₅may each be understood by referring to the description of R₁provided herein, wherein R₁₁to R₁₅may each not be hydrogen,

Z₁₁to Z₁₅may each be understood by referring to the description of Z₁provided herein,

* indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1, and

*′ indicates a binding site to T₃in Formula 1.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, n1 may not be 0, n3 may not be 0, and ring CY₂may be represented by one of Formulae CY2(1) to CY2(15):

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wherein, in Formulae CY2(1) to CY2(15),

X₂may be C or N,

X₂₁may be O, S, N(R₂₈), C(R₂₈)(R₂₉), or Si(R₂₈)(R₂₉), and R₂₈and R₂₉may each be understood by referring to the descriptions of R₂provided herein,

*′ indicates a binding site to T3 in Formula 1,

* indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1, and

*″ indicates a binding site to T₁in Formula 1.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, n1 may not be 0, n3 may not be 0, and the group represented by

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may be represented by one of Formulae CY2-1 to CY2-8 and CY2-Z1 to CY2-Z6:

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wherein, in Formulae CY2-1 to CY2-8 and CY2-Z1 to CY2-Z6,

X₁may be C or N,

R₂and R₂₁to R₂₃may each be understood by referring to the description of R₂provided herein, wherein R₂₁to R₂₃may each not be hydrogen,

Z₂₁to Z₂₃may each be understood by referring to the description of Z₂provided herein,

*′ indicates a binding site to T₃in Formula 1,

* indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1, and

*″ indicates a binding site to T₁in Formula 1.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, n1 may not be 0, n2 may not be 0, and ring CY₃may be a group represented by Formula CY3-A or CY3-B:

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wherein, in Formulae CY3-A and CY3-B,

X₃and ring CY₃may respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of X₃and ring CY₃provided herein,

Y₃₁and Y₃₃may each independently be C or N and Y₃₂may be O, S, N, C, or Si,

a bond between X₃and Y₃₃, a bond between X₃and Y₃₂and a bond between Y₃₂and Y₃₁in Formula CY3-A may each be a chemical bond (for example, a single bond or a double bond), a bond between X₃and Y₃₁and a bond between X₃and Y₃₃in Formula CY3-B may each be a chemical bond (for example, a single bond or a double bond),

*″ indicates a binding site to T₁in Formula 1,

* indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1, and

*′ indicates a binding site to T₂in Formula 1.

In some embodiments, in Formula 1, n1 may not be 0, n2 may not be 0, and ring CY₃may be a group represented by Formula CY3-A.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, n2 may not be 0, n4 may be 0, and ring CY₄may be a group represented by Formula CY4-A or CY4-B:

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wherein, in Formulae CY4-A and CY4-B,

X₄and ring CY₄may respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of X₄and ring CY₄provided herein,

Y₄₁may be C or N and Y₄₂may be O, S, N, C, or Si,

a bond between X₄and Y₄₁in Formula CY4-A may be a chemical bond (for example, a single bond or a double bond), a bond between X₄and Y₄₂and a bond between Y₄₂and Y₄₁in Formula CY4-B may each be a chemical bond (for example, a single bond or a double bond),

* indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1, and

- *′ indicates a binding site to T₂in Formula 1.

In some embodiments, in Formula 1, n2 may not be 0, n4 may be 0, and ring CY₄may be a group represented by Formula CY4-A.

In some embodiments, in Formula 1, n2 may not be 0, Ti may be a single bond, n4 may be 0, ring CY₃may be a group represented by Formula CY3-A, and ring CY₄may be a group represented by Formula CY4-A.

In some embodiments, in Formula 1, n2 may not be 0, T₁may be a single bond, n4 may be 0, ring CY₃may be a group represented by Formula CY3-B, and ring CY₄may be a group represented by Formula CY4-B.

In some embodiments, in Formula 1, n2 may not be 0, T₁may not be a single bond, n4 may be 0, ring CY₃may be a group represented by Formula CY3-B, and ring CY₄may be a group represented by Formula CY4-A.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, n1 may not be 0, and ring CY₃may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY3(1) to CY3(12) and CY3(101) to CY3(122):

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wherein, in Formulae CY3(1) to CY3(12) and CY3(101) to CY3(122),

X₃may be C or N,

X₃₁may be a single bond, O, S, N(R₃₈), C(R₃₈)(R₃₉), or Si(R₃₈)(R₃₉), X₃₂may be O, S, N(R₃₈), C(R₃₈)(R₃₉), or Si(R₃₈)(R₃₉), R₃₈and R₃₉may each be understood by referring to the description of R₃provided herein,

*″ indicates a binding site to T₁in Formula 1,

* indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1, and

*′ indicates a binding site to T₂in Formula 1.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, n1 may not be 0, n2 may not be 0, and the group represented by

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may be represented by one of Formulae CY3-1 to CY3-16 and CY3-Z1 to CY3-Z10:

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wherein, in Formulae CY3-1 to CY3-16 and CY3-Z1 to CY3-Z10,

X₃may be C or N,

R₃and R₃₁to R₃₆may each be understood by referring to the description of R₃provided herein, wherein R₃₁to R₃₆may each not be hydrogen,

Z₃₁to Z₃₆may each be understood by referring to the description of Z₃provided herein,

*″ indicates a binding site to T₁in Formula 1,

* indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1, and

*′ indicates a binding site to T₂in Formula 1.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, n2 may not be 0, and ring CY₄may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY4(1) to CY4(42) and CY4(101) to CY4(111):

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wherein, in Formulae CY4(1) to CY4(42) and CY4(101) to CY4(111),

X₄may be C or N,

X₄₁may be O, S, N(R₄₈), C(R₄₈)(R₄₉), or Si(R₄₈)(R₄₉), X₄₂may be a single bond, O, S, N(R₄₈), C(R₄₈)(R₄₉), or Si(R₄₈)(R₄₉), and R₄₈and R₄₉may each be understood by referring to the descriptions of R₄provided herein,

* indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1,

*′ indicates a binding site to T₂in Formula 1, and

*″ indicates a binding site to T₄in Formula 1.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, n2 may not be 0, n4 may be 0, and the group represented by

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may be represented by one of Formulae CY4-1 to CY4-24 and CY4-Z1 to CY4-Z8:

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wherein, in Formulae CY4-1 to CY4-24 and CY4-Z1 to CY4-Z8,

X₄may be C or N,

X₄₂may be understood by referring to the description provided herein,

R₄and R₄₁to R₄₄may each be understood by referring to the description of R4 provided herein, wherein R₄₁to R₄₄may each not be hydrogen,

Z₄₁to Z₄₄may each be understood by referring to the description of Z₄provided herein,

* indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1, and

*′ indicates a binding site to T₂in Formula 1.

In one or more embodiments, a group represented by *—C(Q₅₁)(Q₅₂)(Q₅₃) in Formula 2 may be represented by one of Formulae 2-1 to 2-20:

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wherein, in Formulae 2-1 to 2-20, Q₅₁, Q₅₂and Q₆₁to Q₆₅may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, wherein Q₅₁, Q₅₂, and Q₆₁to Q₆₅may be identical to or different from each other, and * indicates a binding site to L₁in Formula 2.

In some embodiments, in Formulae 2-1 to 2-20, Q₅₁, Q₅₂, and Q₆₁to Q₆₅may each independently be a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group or a phenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, L₁may be a single bond in the group represented by Formula 2, and the group represented by Formula 2 may be represented by one of Formulae 2-1 to 2-20.

In some embodiments, Z₁to Z₄, Z₁₁to Z₁₅, Z₂₁to Z₂₃, Z₃₁to Z₃₆, and Z₄₁to Z₄₄may each independently be represented by one of Formulae 2-1 to 2-20.

In one or more embodiments, L₁in Formula 2 may be a benzene group, c1 in Formula 2 may be 1, and the group represented by Formula 2 may be represented by one of Formulae 2(1) to 2(19):

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wherein, in Formulae 2(1) to 2(19), T₁₁to T₁₅may each be a group represented by *—C(Q₅₁)(Q₅₂)(Q₅₃) in Formula 2, T₁₁to T₁₅may be identical to or different from each other, R_10amay be understood by referring to the description of R₁in claim 1, and * indicates a binding site to at least one of ring CY₁to ring CY₄in Formula 1.

In some embodiments, Z₁to Z₄, Z₁₁to Z₁₅, Z₂₁to Z₂₃, Z₃₁to Z₃₆, and Z₄₁to Z₄₄may each independently be represented by one of Formulae 2(1) to 2(19).

In one or more embodiments, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may satisfy at least one of Conditions 1 to 4:

Condition 1

In Formula 1, n3 may not be 0, n4 may be 0, and the group represented by

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may be represented by one of Formulae CY1-Z1 to CY1-Z69.

Condition 2

In Formula 1, n1 may not be 0, n3 may not be 0, and the group represented by

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may be represented by one of Formulae CY2-Z1 to CY2-Z6.

Condition 3

In Formula 1, n1 may not be 0, n2 may not be 0, and the group represented by

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may be represented by one of Formulae CY3-Z1 to CY3-Z10.

Condition 4

In Formula 1, n2 may not be 0, n4 may be 0, and the group represented by

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may be represented by one of Formulae CY4-Z1 to CY4-Z8.

In one or more embodiments, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may emit blue light.

In one or more embodiments, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be one of the following compounds. Compound Pt-2, Pt-3, Pt-13, Pt-17, Pt-18, and Pt-21 are same as Compound 4, 2009, 2076, 2132, 2133, and 2187, respectively:

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In the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, Z₁to Z₄may each independently be the group represented by Formula 2, and the sum of b1 to b4, which respectively indicate the number of Z₁(s) to Z₄(s), may be 1 or greater. That is, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may include at least one group represented by Formula 2. Accordingly, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have an improved orientation without a change in conjugation length. In addition, the group represented by *—C(Q₅₁)(Q₅₂)(Q₅₃) in the group represented by Formula 2 may not include hydrogen at a benzyl site including a weak chemical bond (that is, none of Q₅₁to Q₅₃in Formula 2 may be hydrogen). Thus, the organometallic compound including at least one group represented by Formula 2 may have excellent chemical and/or electrical stability. Accordingly, an electronic device, e.g., an organic light-emitting device, including the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have improved luminescence efficiency and lifespan.

The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, S₁energy level, and T₁energy level of some of the organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1 were evaluated by using Gaussian 09 that performs molecular structure optimizations according to density functional theory (DFT) at a degree of B3LYP. The results thereof are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

Compound No.
HOMO (eV)
LUMO (eV)
T₁(eV)

Pt-1
−4.63
−1.23
2.64

Pt-2
−4.65
−1.23
2.64

Pt-3
−4.62
−1.20
2.63

Pt-4
−4.62
−1.21
2.64

Pt-5
−4.66
−1.26
2.64

Pt-6
−4.61
−1.22
2.61

Pt-7
−4.70
−1.25
2.74

Pt-8
−4.56
−1.13
2.60

Pt-9
−4.65
−1.27
2.64

Pt-10
−4.66
−1.28
2.64

Pt-11
−4.62
−1.23
2.61

Pt-12
−4.64
−1.22
2.64

Pt-13
−4.63
−1.21
2.64

Pt-14
−4.65
−1.25
2.64

Pt-15
−4.63
−1.23
2.61

Pt-16
−4.67
−1.25
2.64

Pt-17
−4.62
−1.21
2.64

Pt-18
−4.62
−1.20
2.65

Pt-19
−4.63
−1.23
2.64

Pt-20
−4.64
−1.22
2.65

Pt-21
−4.61
−1.20
2.64

Pt-22
−4.60
−1.19
2.65

Pt-23
−4.64
−1.24
2.61

Pt-24
−4.64
−1.24
2.62

Referring to the results shown in Table 1, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 was found to have suitable electrical characteristics for use as an emission layer material in an electronic device, e.g., an organic light-emitting device.

A method of synthesizing the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art by referring to Synthesis Examples provided herein.

The organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be suitable for use in an organic layer of an organic light-emitting device, e.g., as an emission layer material in the organic layer. Thus, according to another aspect, there is provided an organic light-emitting device that may include a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer; wherein the organic layer may include at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.

The organic light-emitting device may include an organic layer including the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1. Thus, the organic light-emitting device may have excellent driving voltage, excellent external quantum efficiency, a relatively small full width at half maximum (FWHM) of an emission peak in an electroluminescence (EL) spectrum, and excellent lifespan characteristics.

The organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be used in a pair of electrodes of an organic light-emitting device. For example, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be included in the emission layer. In some embodiments, the emission layer may further include a host. In some embodiments, a content of the host may be greater than a content of the organometallic compound. The emission layer may emit red light, green light, or blue light. In some embodiments, the organometallic compound may emit blue light.

In some embodiments, the emission layer may be a First Embodiment or a Second Embodiment.

First Embodiment

The emission layer may include the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, and the organometallic compound may serve as a phosphorescence emitter. For example, a ratio of emission components emitted from the organometallic compound may be 80 percent (%) or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, or 95% or more of the total emission components emitted from the emission layer. Blue light may be emitted from the organometallic compound.

Second Embodiment

The emission layer may further include, in addition to the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, a phosphorescent dopant, a fluorescent dopant, or any combination thereof, which is different from the organometallic compound. Here, the organometallic compound may serve, not as a phosphorescence emitter, but as a sensitizer or an auxiliary dopant. In some embodiments, the emission layer may further include a fluorescent dopant, the fluorescent dopant may be different from the organometallic compound, and a ratio of emission components emitted from the fluorescent dopant may be 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, or 95% or more of the total emission components emitted from the emission layer.

In the Second Embodiment, a content of the fluorescent dopant may be in a range of about 1 part to about 100 parts by weight, about 5 parts to about 50 parts by weight, or about 10 parts to about 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.

In the Second Embodiment, a total content of the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 and the fluorescent dopant may be in a range of about 1 part to about 30 parts by weight, about 3 parts to about 20 parts by weight, or about 5 parts to about 15 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the emission layer.

A fluorescent dopant that may be used in the Second Embodiment may not include a transition metal.

In some embodiments, a fluorescent dopant that may be used in the Second Embodiment may be a fluorescence-emitting material not including a cyano group (—CN) and a fluoro group (—F).

In some embodiments, a fluorescent dopant that may be used in the Second Embodiment may be a condensed ring-containing compound, an amino group-containing compound, a styryl group-containing compound, or a boron group-containing compound.

In some embodiments, a fluorescent dopant that may be used in the Second Embodiment may include an amino group-containing compound.

In some embodiments, the fluorescent dopant that may be used in the Second Embodiment may include a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group(a tetracene group), a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a group represented by one of Formulae 501-1 to 501-21, or any combination thereof:

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In one or more embodiments, the fluorescent dopant that may be used in the Second Embodiment may include a compound represented by Formula 501A or 501B:

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wherein, in Formulae 501A and 501B,

Ar₅₀₁may be a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a bisanthracene group, or a group represented by one of Formulae 501-1 to 501-21,

R₅₁₁may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, an unsaturated C₁-C₁₀heterocyclic group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, or —Si(Q₅₀₁)(Q₅₀₂)(Q₅₀₃),

xd5 may be an integer from 0 to 10,

L₅₀₁to L₅₀₃may each independently be:

a single bond; and

a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, an unsaturated C₁-C₁₀heterocyclic group, a C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group, a divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, an unsaturated C₁-C₁₀heterocyclic group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₅₀₁)(Q₅₀₂)(Q₅₀₃), or any combination thereof,

xd1 to xd3 may each independently be 1, 2, or 3,

R₅₀₁and R₅₀₂may each independently be a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazole group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, or a dibenzosilolyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, an unsaturated C₁-C₁₀heterocyclic group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₅₀₁)(Q₅₀₂)(Q₅₀₃), or any combination thereof,

Z₁₁may be a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, an unsaturated C₁-C₁₀heterocyclic group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, an unsaturated C₁-C₁₀heterocyclic group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₅₀₁) (Q₅₀₂) (Q₅₀₃), or any combination thereof,

xd4 may be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and

wherein Q₅₀₁to Q₅₀₃may each independently be hydrogen, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In one or more embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by Formula 501A or 501B, xd4 in Formula 501A may be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and xd4 in Formula 501B may be 2, 3, or 4.

In one or more embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may include one of Compounds FD(1) to FD(16), one of Compounds FD1 to FD16, or any combination thereof:

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As used herein, the expression the “(organic layer) includes at least one organometallic compound” may be construed as meaning the “(organic layer) may include one organometallic compound of Formula 1 or two different organometallic compounds of Formula 1”.

For example, Compound 1 may only be included in the organic layer as an organometallic compound. In this embodiment, Compound 1 may be included in the emission layer of the organic light-emitting device. In some embodiments, Compounds 1 and 2 may be included in the organic layer as organometallic compounds. In this embodiment, Compounds 1 and 2 may both be included in the same layer (for example, both Compounds 1 and 2 may be included in the emission layer).

The first electrode may be an anode, which is a hole injection electrode, and the second electrode may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode. In some embodiments, the first electrode may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode, and the second electrode may be an anode, which is a hole injection electrode.

For example, in the organic light-emitting device, the first electrode may be an anode, the second electrode may be a cathode, and the organic layer may further include a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer and an electron transport region disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode, wherein the hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a buffer layer, or a combination thereof, and the electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or a combination thereof.

The term “organic layer” as used herein refers to a single and/or a plurality of layers between the first electrode and the second electrode in an organic light-emitting device. The “organic layer” may include not only organic compounds but also organometallic complexes including metals.

The FIGURE illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device 10 according to an exemplary embodiment. Hereinafter, a structure of an organic light-emitting device according to one or more embodiments and a method of manufacturing the organic light-emitting device will be described with reference to the FIGURE. The organic light-emitting device 10 may include a first electrode 11, an organic layer 15, and a second electrode 19, which may be sequentially layered in this stated order.

A substrate may be additionally disposed under the first electrode 11 or on the second electrode 19. The substrate may be a conventional substrate used in organic light-emitting devices, e.g., a glass substrate or a transparent plastic substrate, each having excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and water repellency.

The first electrode 11 may be formed by depositing or sputtering, onto the substrate, a material for forming the first electrode 11. The first electrode 11 may be an anode. The material for forming the first electrode 11 may include a material with a high work function for easy hole injection. The first electrode 11 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. The material for forming the first electrode 11 may be indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO₂), and zinc oxide (ZnO). In some embodiments, the material for forming the first electrode 11 may be a metal, such as magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), or magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag).

The first electrode 11 may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including a plurality of layers. In some embodiments, the first electrode 11 may have a triple-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO.

The organic layer 15 may be on the first electrode 11.

The organic layer 15 may include a hole transport region, an emission layer, and an electron transport region.

The hole transport region may be between the first electrode 11 and the emission layer.

The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a buffer layer, or a combination thereof.

The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer only or a hole transport layer only. In some embodiments, the hole transport region may include a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer which are sequentially stacked on the first electrode 11. In some embodiments, the hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, and an electron blocking layer, which are sequentially stacked on the first electrode 11.

When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, the hole injection layer may be formed on the first electrode 11 by using one or more suitable methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition.

When a hole injection layer is formed by vacuum deposition, for example, the vacuum deposition may be performed at a deposition temperature in a range of about 100° C. to about 500° C., at a vacuum degree in a range of about 10⁻⁸torr to about 10⁻³torr, and at a deposition rate in a range of about 0.01 Angstroms per second (Å/sec) to about 100 Å/sec, though the conditions may vary depending on a compound that is used as a hole injection material and a structure and thermal properties of a desired hole injection layer, but conditions for the vacuum deposition are not limited thereto.

When a hole injection layer is formed by spin coating, the spin coating may be performed at a coating rate in a range of about 2,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) to about 5,000 rpm, and at a temperature in a range of about 80° C. to 200° C., to facilitate removal of a solvent after the spin coating, though the conditions may vary depending on a compound that is used as a hole injection material and a structure and thermal properties of a desired hole injection layer, but conditions for the spin coating are not limited thereto.

The conditions for forming a hole transport layer and an electron blocking layer may be inferred from the conditions for forming the hole injection layer.

The hole transport region may include m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB, β-NPB, TPD, spiro-TPD, spiro-NPB, methylated-NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI/DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphor-sulfonic acid (PANI/CSA), polyaniline/poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compound represented by Formula 201, a compound represented by Formula 202, or any combination thereof:

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wherein, in Formula 201, Ar₁₀₁and Ar₁₀₂may each independently be a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, or a pentacenylene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, an unsaturated C₁-C₁₀heterocyclic group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, or any combination thereof.

In Formula 201, xa and xb may each independently be an integer from 0 to 5. In some embodiments, xa and xb may each independently be an integer from 0 to 2. In some embodiments, xa may be 1, and xb may be 0, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In Formulae 201 and 202, R₁₀₁to R₁₀₈, R₁₁₁to R₁₁₉, and R₁₂₁to R₁₂₄may each independently be:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group (e.g., a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, pentyl group, or a hexyl group), or a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group (e.g., a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, or a pentoxy group);

a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group or a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, or any combination thereof; or

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluorenyl group, or a pyrenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, or any combination thereof.

In Formula 201, R₁₀₉may be a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, or a pyridinyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyridinyl group, or any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A:

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wherein, in Formula 201A, R₁₀₁, R₁₁₁, R₁₁₂, and R₁₀₉may respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of R₁₀₁, R₁₁₁, R₁₁₂, and R₁₀₉provided herein.

In some embodiments, the hole transport region may include one of Compounds HT1 to HT20 or any combination thereof:

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The thickness of the hole transport region may be in a range of about 100 (Angstroms) Å to about 10,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the hole injection layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and the thickness of the hole transport layer may be in a range of about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within any of these ranges, excellent hole transport characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The hole transport region may include a charge generating material as well as the aforementioned materials, to improve conductive properties of the hole transport region. The charge generating material may be substantially homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transport region.

The charge generating material may include, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may be a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, a compound containing a cyano group, or any combination thereof, but embodiments are not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the p-dopant may be a quinone derivative, such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), a 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinonedimethane (F4-TCNQ), or F6-TCNNQ; a metal oxide, such as a tungsten oxide or a molybdenum oxide; a compound containing a cyano group, such as Compound HT-D1; or any combination thereof:

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The hole transport region may further include a buffer layer.

The buffer layer may compensate for an optical resonance distance depending on a wavelength of light emitted from the emission layer to improve the efficiency of an organic light-emitting device.

When the hole transport region includes an electron blocking layer, a material for forming the electron blocking layer may include the material for forming a hole transport region, the host material described herein or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, when the hole transport region includes an electron blocking layer, mCP described herein or the like may be used for forming the electron blocking layer.

An emission layer may be formed on the hole transport region by using one or more suitable methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, or LB deposition. When the emission layer is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, vacuum deposition and coating conditions for forming the emission layer may be generally similar to those conditions for forming a hole injection layer, though the conditions may vary depending on a compound that is used.

The emission layer may include a host and a dopant, and the dopant may include the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 described herein.

The host may include TPBi, TBADN, ADN (also known as “DNA”), CBP, CDBP, TCP, mCP, Compound H50, Compound H51, Compound H52, or any combination thereof:

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When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full-color organic light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and/or a blue emission layer. In some embodiments, the emission layer may have a structure in which the red emission layer, the green emission layer, and/or the blue emission layer are layered to emit white light. In some embodiments, the structure of the emission layer may vary.

When the emission layer includes the host and the dopant, an amount of the dopant may be a range of about 0.01 parts to about 15 parts by weight based on about 100 parts by weight of the host, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness of the emission layer is within any of these ranges, improved luminescence characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

Next, an electron transport region may be formed on the emission layer.

The electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the electron transport region may have a hole blocking layer/an electron transport layer/an electron injection layer structure or an electron transport layer/an electron injection layer structure, but embodiments are not limited thereto. The electron transport layer may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including two or more different materials.

The conditions for forming a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer may be inferred based on the conditions for forming the hole injection layer.

When the electron transport region includes a hole blocking layer, the hole blocking layer may include, for example, at least one BCP, Bphen, and BAlq:

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In some embodiments, the hole blocking layer may include the host, the material for forming an electron transport layer described herein, the material for forming an electron injection layer described herein, or any combination thereof.

The thickness of the hole blocking layer may be in a range of about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 30 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness of the hole blocking layer is within any of these ranges, excellent hole blocking characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport layer may include BCP, Bphen, TPBi, Alq₃, BAlq, TAZ, NTAZ, or any combination thereof:

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In some embodiments, the electron transport layer may include one of Compounds ET1 to ET25 or any combination thereof:

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The thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within any of these ranges, excellent electron transport characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport layer may further include a material containing metal, in addition to the materials described above.

The material containing metal may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, e.g., Compound ET-D1 or Compound ET-D2:

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The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that facilitates electron injection from the second electrode 19.

The electron injection layer may include LiF, NaCl, CsF, Li₂O, BaO, or any combination thereof.

The thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1 Å to about 100 Å, for example, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within any of these ranges, excellent electron injection characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The second electrode 19 may be on the organic layer 15. The second electrode 19 may be a cathode. A material for forming the second electrode 19 may be a material with a relatively low work function, such as a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or any combination thereof. Examples of the material for forming the second electrode 19 may include lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), and magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag). In some embodiments, ITO or IZO may be used to form a transmissive second electrode 19 to manufacture a top emission light-emitting device. In some embodiments, the material for forming the second electrode 19 may vary.

Hereinbefore the organic light-emitting device 10 has been described with reference to the FIGURE, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

According to another aspect, the organic light-emitting device may be included in an electronic apparatus. Thus, another aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic apparatus including the organic light-emitting device. The electronic apparatus may include, for example, a display, an illumination, a sensor, and the like.

According to an aspect of still another embodiment, a diagnostic composition may include at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.

Since the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 provides high luminescence efficiency, the diagnostic efficiency of the diagnostic composition that includes the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be excellent.

The diagnostic composition may be applied in various ways, such as in a diagnostic kit, a diagnostic reagent, a biosensor, or a biomarker.

All groups and compounds are understood to include all possible isomers, including structural isomers, occurring in the groups or compounds. Structural isomers differ from each other in the connectivity of the constituent atoms. By way of general example, and without limitation, the structural isomers of oxadiazole include 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, and 1,3,4-oxadiaozole.

The term “0₁-0₆₀alkyl group” as used herein refers to a linear or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C₁-C₆₀alkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₆₀alkyl group.

Examples of the C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, the C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, and/or the C₁-C₁₀alkyl group as used herein may include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a 3-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an iso-hexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an iso-heptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an iso-octyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an iso-nonyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an iso-decyl group, a sec-decyl group or a tert-decyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a 3-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an iso-hexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an iso-heptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an iso-octyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an iso-nonyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an iso-decyl group, a sec-decyl group, a tert-decyl group, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, Formula 9-33 may be a branched C₆alkyl group. Formula 9-33 may be a tert-butyl group substituted with two methyl groups.

The term “C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by —OA₁₀₁(wherein A₁₀₁is a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group).

Examples of the C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, the C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, or the C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group as used herein may include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, or a pentoxy group.

The term “C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group” as used herein refers to a group formed by placing at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C₂-C₆₀alkyl group. Examples thereof include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. The term “C₂-C₆₀alkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group.

The term “C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group” as used herein refers to a group formed by placing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C₂-C₆₀alkyl group. Examples thereof include an ethynyl group and a propynyl group. The term “C₂-C₆₀alkynylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group.

The term “C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent cyclic saturated hydrocarbon group including 3 to 10 carbon atoms. The term “C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group.

Examples of the C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group as used herein may include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group (a norbornanyl group), or a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group including at least one N, O, P, Si, B, Se, Ge, S, or any combination thereof as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The term “C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group.

Examples of the C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group as used herein may include a silolanyl group, a silinanyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, a tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl group, or a tetrahydrothiophenyl group.

The term “C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring, wherein the molecular structure as a whole is non-aromatic. Examples thereof include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. The term “C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group including at least one N, O, P, Si, B, Se, Ge, S, or any combination thereof as a ring-forming atom, 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring. Examples of the C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group include a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group and a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group. The term “C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group.

The term “unsaturated C₁-C₁₀heterocyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group including at least one N, O, P, Si, B, Se, Ge, S, or any combination thereof as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one heteroatom-carbon double bond, heteroatom-heteroatom double bond, or a combination thereof in its ring. Examples of the unsaturated C₁-C₁₀heterocyclic group include an oxazine group and an imidazoline group.

The term “C₆-C₆₀aryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C₆-C₆₀arylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C₆-C₆₀aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C₆-C₆₀aryl group and the C₆-C₆₀arylene group each include a plurality of rings, the plurality of rings may be fused to each other.

The term “C₇-C₆₀alkyl aryl group” as used herein refers to a C₆-C₅₉aryl group substituted with at least one C₁-C₅₄alkyl group.

The term “C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system having at least one N, O, P, Si, B, Se, Ge, S, or any combination thereof as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system having at least one N, O, P, Si, B, Se, Ge, S, or any combination thereof as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group and the C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group each include a plurality of rings, the plurality of rings may be fused to each other.

The term “C₂-C₆₀alkyl heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a C₁-C₅₉heteroaryl group substituted with at least one C₁-C₅₉alkyl group.

The term “C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group” as used herein is represented by —OA₁₀₂(wherein A₁₀₂is the C₆-C₆₀aryl group). The term “C₆-C₆₀arylthio group” as used herein is represented by —SA₁₀₃(wherein A₁₀₃is the C₆-C₆₀aryl group). The term “C₁-C₆₀alkylthio group” as used herein is represented by —SA₁₀₄(wherein A₁₀₄is the C₁-C₆₀alkyl group).

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group that has two or more condensed rings and only carbon atoms (e.g., the number of carbon atoms may be in a range of 8 to 60) as ring-forming atoms, wherein the molecular structure as a whole is non-aromatic. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group include a fluorenyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group that has two or more condensed rings and a N, O, P, Si, B, Se, Ge, S, or any combination thereof and carbon atoms (e.g., the number of carbon atoms may be in a range of 1 to 60) as ring-forming atoms, wherein the molecular structure as a whole is non-aromatic. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group include a carbazolyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

The term “C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group” as used herein refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group including 5 to 30 carbon atoms only as ring-forming atoms. The C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group. Examples of the “0₅-0₃₀carbocyclic group (unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a)” may include an adamantane group, a norbornene group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane group (a norbornane group), a bicyclo[2.2.2]octane group, a cyclopentane group, a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a cyclopentadiene group, or a fluorene group, each (unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a).

The term “C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group” as used herein refers to saturated or unsaturated cyclic group including 1 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one N, O, P, Si, B, Se, Ge, S, or any combination thereof as ring-forming atoms. The C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group. Examples of the “01-030 heterocyclic group (unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a)” may include a thiophene group, a furan group, a pyrrole group, a silole group, a borole group, a phosphole group, a selenophene group, a germole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzofuran group, an indole group, a benzosilole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, a 9H-fluorene-9-one group, a dibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azaindole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azabenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, an aza-9H-fluoren-9-one group, an azadibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a 1,3,5-triazine group, a 1,2,3-triazine group, a 1,2,4-triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a 1,2,3-triazole group, a 1,2,4-triazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, or a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10a).

The “deuterated C₁-C₆₀alkyl group (or deuterated C₁-C₂₀alkyl group or the like)”, “deuterated C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group”, “deuterated heterocycloalkyl group”, and “deuterated phenyl group” as used herein may respectively be a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group (or C₁-C₂₀alkyl group or the like), C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, and a phenyl group, each substituted with at least one deuterium. Examples of the “deuterated C₁alkyl group (i.e., a deuterated methyl group)” may include —CD₃, —CD₂H, and —CDH₂. Examples of the “deuterated C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group” may include Formula 10-501. The “deuterated C₁-C₆₀alkyl group (or deuterated C₁-C₂₀alkyl group or the like)”, “deuterated C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group”, “deuterated heterocycloalkyl group”, or “deuterated phenyl group” may respectively be: i) a fully deuterated C₁-C₆₀alkyl group (or fully deuterated C₁-C₂₀alkyl group or the like), fully deuterated C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, fully deuterated heterocycloalkyl group, or fully deuterated phenyl group, in which all hydrogen atoms are substituted with deuterium atoms; or ii) a partially deuterated C₁-C₆₀alkyl group (or partially deuterated C₁-C₂₀alkyl group or the like), partially deuterated C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, partially deuterated heterocycloalkyl group, or partially deuterated phenyl group, in which some of hydrogen atoms are substituted with deuterium atoms.

The “(C₁-C₂₀alkyl)‘X’ group” refers to a ‘X’ group substituted with at least one C₂₀alkyl group. For example, the “(C₁-C₂₀alkyl)C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group substituted with at least one C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, and the “(C₁-C₂₀alkyl)phenyl group” as used herein refers to a phenyl group substituted with at least one C₁-C₂₀alkyl group. Examples of the (C₁alkyl)phenyl group may include a toluyl group.

In the present specification, “an azaindole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzogermole group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, an aza-9H-fluoren-9-one group, and an azadibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group” each refer to a hetero ring in which at least one ring-forming carbon atom is substituted with nitrogen atom and respectively having an identical backbone as “an indole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzogermole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, a 9H-fluorene-9-one group, and a dibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group”.

A substituent of the substituted C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group, the substituted C₂-C₃₀heterocyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkylthio group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, the substituted heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted unsaturated C₁-C₁₀heterocyclic group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, the substituted C₇-C₆₀alkyl aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀alkyl heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may each independently be:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, or a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, or C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, each substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, an unsaturated C₁-C₁₀heterocyclic group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₇-C₆₀alkyl aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkyl heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇), —P(═O)(Q₁₈)(Q₁₉), —P(Q₁₈)(Q₁₉), or any combination thereof;

a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, an unsaturated C₁-C₁₀heterocyclic group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₇-C₆₀alkyl aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkyl heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, an unsaturated C₁-C₁₀heterocyclic group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₇-C₆₀alkyl aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkyl heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅), —B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇), —P(═O)(Q₂₈)(Q₂₉), —P(Q₂₈)(Q₂₉), or any combination thereof;

—N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇), -P(=O)(Q₃₈)(Q₃₉), or —P(Q₃₈)(Q₃₉); or

any combination thereof.

In the present specification, Q₁to Q₉, Q₁₁to Q₁₉, Q₂₁to Q_29,and Q₃₁to Q₃₉may each independently be: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; an amidino group; a hydrazine group; a hydrazone group; a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof; a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof; a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof; a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀aryl group, or any combination thereof; a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group; a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group; a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group; a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group; a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group; a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group; a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group; an unsaturated C₁-C₁₀heterocyclic group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, or any combination thereof; a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group; a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group; a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group; a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group; or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

Hereinafter, a compound and an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment will be described in detail with reference to Synthesis Examples and Examples, however, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The wording “B was used instead of A” used in describing Synthesis Examples means that an amount of B used was identical to an amount of A used based on molar equivalence.

EXAMPLES
Synthesis Example 1 (Compound Pt-1)

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(1) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-1-IM2

5.46 grams (g) (20 mmol) of 1-(3-bromophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, 9.08 g (24 mmol) of 9-(4-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-2-ol, 0.76 g (4 mmol) of copper (I) iodide, 0.98 g (8 mmol) of picolinic acid, and 12.7 g (60 mmol) of potassium phosphate tribasic were mixed with 133 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), followed by stirring at a temperature of 120° C. for 12 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) and ethyl acetate (EA) was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 7.42 g (13 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-1-1M2 (yield: 65%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 570.24 g/mol, measured value: M+1=571 g/mol)

(2) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-1-IM1

7.42 g (13 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-1-IM2, 11.40 g (19.5 mmol) of (3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)(mesityl)iodonium triflate, and 0.24 g (1.3 mmol) of copper (II) acetate were mixed with 130 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), followed by stirring at a temperature of 100° C. for 4 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH₄Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 10.05 g (11.05 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-1-IM1 (yield: 85%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 759.41 g/mol, measured value: M+1=759 g/mol)

(3) Synthesis of Compound Pt-1

5.00 g (5.50 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-1-IM1, 2.26 g (6.05 mmol) of Pt(COD)Cl₂, and 1.35 g (16.50 mmol) of sodium acetate were mixed with 275 mL of benzonitrile, followed by stirring at a temperature of 180° C. for 18 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 2.88 g (3.03 mmol) of Compound Pt-1 (yield: 55%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 951.35 g/mol, measured value: M+1=952 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 2 (Compound Pt-2)

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(1) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-2-IM2

5.46 g (20 mmol) of 1-(3-bromophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, 7.59 g (24 mmol) of 9-(4-(tert-butyl)pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-2-ol, 0.76 g (4 mmol) of copper (I) iodide, 0.98 g (8 mmol) of picolinic acid, and 12.7 g (60 mmol) of potassium phosphate tribasic were mixed with 133 mL of DMSO, followed by stirring at a temperature of 120° C. for 12 hours.

Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH₄Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 6.92 g (13.60 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-2-IM2 (yield: 68%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 508.23 g/mol, measured value: M+1=509 g/mol)

(2) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-2-IM1

6.92 g (13.60 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-2-IM2, 14.45 g (20.40 mmol) of (3,5-bis(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)phenyl)(mesityl)iodonium triflate, and 0.25 g (1.36 mmol) of copper (II) acetate were mixed with 136 mL of DMF, followed by stirring at a temperature of 100° C. for 4 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH₄Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 11.09 g (11.42 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-2-IM1 (yield: 84%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 821.42 g/mol, measured value: M+1=821 g/mol)

(3) Synthesis of Compound Pt-2

5.34 g (5.50 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-2-IM1, 2.26 g (6.05 mmol) of Pt(COD)Cl₂, and 1.35 g (16.50 mmol) of sodium acetate were mixed with 275 mL of benzonitrile, followed by stirring at a temperature of 180° C. for 18 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 2.96 g (2.92 mmol) of Compound Pt-2 (yield: 53%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 1013.36 g/mol, measured value: M+1=1014 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 3 (Compound Pt-3)

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(1) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-3-IM2

7.83 g (20 mmol) of 1-(3-bromo-5-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, 7.59 g (24 mmol) of 9-(4-(tert-butyl)pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-2-ol, 0.76 g (4 mmol) of copper (I) iodide, 0.98 g (8 mmol) of picolinic acid, and 12.7 g (60 mmol) of potassium phosphate tribasic were mixed with 133 mL of DMSO, followed by stirring at a temperature of 120° C. for 12 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH₄Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 7.77 g (12.40 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-3-IM2 (yield: 62%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 626.31 g/mol, measured value: M+1=627 g/mol)

(2) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-3-IM1

7.77 g (12.40 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-3-IM2, 10.87 g (18.60 mmol) of (3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)(mesityl)iodonium triflate, and 0.23 g (1.24 mmol) of copper (II) acetate were mixed with 124 mL of DMF, followed by stirring at a temperature of 100° C. for 4 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH4Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 11.09 g (11.42 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-3-IM1 (yield: 84%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 815.47 g/mol, measured value: M+1=816 g/mol)

(3) Synthesis of Compound Pt-3

5.31 g (5.50 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-3-IM1, 2.26 g (6.05 mmol) of Pt(COD)Cl₂, and 1.35 g (16.50 mmol) of sodium acetate were mixed with 275 mL of benzonitrile, followed by stirring at a temperature of 180° C. for 18 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 2.94 g (2.92 mmol) of Compound Pt-3 (yield: 53%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 1007.41 g/mol, measured value: M+1=1008 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 4 (Compound Pt-4)

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(1) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-4-IM2

5.46 g (20 mmol) of 1-(3-bromophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, 10.43 g (24 mmol) of 6-(tert-butyl)-9-(4-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-2-ol, 0.76 g (4 mmol) of copper (I) iodide, 0.98 g (8 mmol) of picolinic acid, and 12.7 g (60 mmol) of potassium phosphate tribasic were mixed with 133 mL of DMSO, followed by stirring at a temperature of 120° C. for 12 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH₄Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 8.40 g (13.40 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-4-IM2 (yield: 67%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 626.31 g/mol, measured value: M+1=627 g/mol)

(2) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-4-IM1

8.40 g (13.40 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-4-IM2, 11.75 g (20.10 mmol) of (3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)(mesityl)iodonium triflate, and 0.24 g (1.34 mmol) of copper (II) acetate were mixed with 124 mL of DMF, followed by stirring at a temperature of 100° C. for 4 hours.

Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH₄Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 11.09 g (11.42 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-4-IM1 (yield: 84%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 815.47 g/mol, measured value: M+1=816 g/mol)

(3) Synthesis of Compound Pt-4

5.31 g (5.50 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-4-IM1, 2.26 g (6.05 mmol) of Pt(COD)Cl₂, and 1.35 g (16.50 mmol) of sodium acetate were mixed with 275 mL of benzonitrile, followed by stirring at a temperature of 180° C. for 18 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 2.94 g (2.92 mmol) of Compound Pt-4 (yield: 53%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 1007.41 g/mol, measured value: M+1=1008 g/mol) Synthesis Example 5 (Compound Pt-5)

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(1) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-5-IM2

5.46 g (20 mmol) of 1-(3-bromophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, 10.91 g (24 mmol) of 6-phenyl-9-(4-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-2-ol, 0.76 g (4 mmol) of copper (I) iodide, 0.98 g (8 mmol) of picolinic acid, and 12.7 g (60 mmol) of potassium phosphate tribasic were mixed with 133 mL of DMSO, followed by stirring at a temperature of 120° C. for 12 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH₄Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 6.86 g (10.60 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-5-IM2 (yield: 53%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 646.27 g/mol, measured value: M+1=647 g/mol)

(2) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-5-IM1

6.86 g (10.60 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-5-IM2, 9.29 g (15.90 mmol) of (3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)(mesityl)iodonium triflate, and 0.19 g (1.06 mmol) of copper (II) acetate were mixed with 106 mL of DMF, followed by stirring at a temperature of 100° C. for 4 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH₄Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 8.56 g (8.69 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-5-IM1 (yield: 82%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 835.44 g/mol, measured value: M+1=836 g/mol)

(3) Synthesis of Compound Pt-5

5.42 g (5.50 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-5-IM1, 2.26 g (6.05 mmol) of Pt(COD)Cl₂, and 1.35 g (16.50 mmol) of sodium acetate were mixed with 275 mL of benzonitrile, followed by stirring at a temperature of 180° C. for 18 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 3.11 g (3.03 mmol) of Compound Pt-5 (yield: 55%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 1027.38 g/mol, measured value: M+1=1028 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 6 (Compound Pt-6)

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(1) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-6-IM2

6.58 g (20 mmol) of 1-(3-bromo-5-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, 9.08 g (24 mmol) of 9-(4-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-2-ol, 0.76 g (4 mmol) of copper (I) iodide, 0.98 g (8 mmol) of picolinic acid, and 12.7 g (60 mmol) of potassium phosphate tribasic were mixed with 133 mL of DMSO, followed by stirring at a temperature of 120° C. for 12 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH₄Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 6.64 g (10.60 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-6-IM2 (yield: 53%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 626.31 g/mol, measured value: M+1=627 g/mol)

(2) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-6-IM1

6.64 g (10.60 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-6-IM2, 9.29 g (15.90 mmol) of (3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)(mesityl)iodonium triflate, and 0.19 g (1.06 mmol) of copper (II) acetate were mixed with 106 mL of DMF, followed by stirring at a temperature of 100° C. for 4 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH₄Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 8.29 g (8.59 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-6-IM1 (yield: 81%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 815.47 g/mol, measured value: M+1=816 g/mol)

(3) Synthesis of Compound Pt-6

5.31 g (5.50 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-6-IM1, 2.26 g (6.05 mmol) of Pt(COD)Cl₂, and 1.35 g (16.50 mmol) of sodium acetate were mixed with 275 mL of benzonitrile, followed by stirring at a temperature of 180° C. for 18 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 3.33 g (3.30 mmol) of Compound Pt-6 (yield: 60%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 1007.41 g/mol, measured value: M+1=1008 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 7 (Compound Pt-7)

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(1) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-7-IM1

5.02 g (20 mmol) of 1-(3-bromophenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole, 9.08 g (24 mmol) of 9-phenyl-9-(4-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-2-ol, 0.76 g (4 mmol) of copper (I) iodide, 0.98 g (8 mmol) of picolinic acid, and 12.7 g (60 mmol) of potassium phosphate tribasic were mixed with 133 mL of DMSO, followed by stirring at a temperature of 120° C. for 12 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH₄Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 6.04 g (11.00 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-7-IM1 (yield: 55%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 548.26 g/mol, measured value: M+1=549 g/mol)

(2) Synthesis of Compound Pt-7

3.02 g (5.50 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-7-IM1 and 2.11 g (6.05 mmol) of PtCl₂(PhCN)₂were mixed with 275 mL of benzonitrile, followed by stirring at a temperature of 180° C. for 18 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 2.24 g (3.03 mmol) of Compound Pt-7 (yield: 55%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 741.21 g/mol, measured value: M+1=742 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 8 (Compound Pt-8)

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(1) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-8-IM1

5.98 g (20 mmol) of 2-(3-bromophenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-imidazole, 9.08 g (24 mmol) of 9-phenyl-9-(4-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-2-ol, 0.76 g (4 mmol) of copper (I) iodide, 0.98 g (8 mmol) of picolinic acid, and 12.7 g (60 mmol) of potassium phosphate tribasic were mixed with 133 mL of DMSO, followed by stirring at a temperature of 120° C. for 12 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH₄Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 5.85 g (9.80 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-8-IM1 (yield: 49%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 596.26 g/mol, measured value: M+1=597 g/mol)

(2) Synthesis of Compound Pt-8

3.28 g (5.50 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-8-IM1 and 2.11 g (6.05 mmol) of PtCl₂(PhCN)₂were mixed with 275 mL of benzonitrile, followed by stirring at a temperature of 180° C. for 18 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 2.43 g (3.08 mmol) of Compound Pt-8 (yield: 56%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 789.21 g/mol, measured value: M+1=790 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 9 (Compound Pt-9)

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(1) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-9-IM2

5.46 g (20 mmol) of 1-(3-bromophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, 10.56 g (24 mmol) of 9-(4-(1,1-diphenylethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-2-ol, 0.76 g (4 mmol) of copper (I) iodide, 0.98 g (8 mmol) of picolinic acid, and 12.7 g (60 mmol) of potassium phosphate tribasic were mixed with 133 mL of DMSO, followed by stirring at a temperature of 120° C. for 12 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH₄Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 6.70 g (10.60 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-9-IM2 (yield: 53%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 632.26 g/mol, measured value: M+1=633 g/mol)

(2) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-9-IM1

6.86 g (10.60 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-9-IM2, 9.29 g (15.90 mmol) of (3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)(mesityl)iodonium triflate, and 0.19 g (1.06 mmol) of copper (II) acetate were mixed with 106 mL of DMF, followed by stirring at a temperature of 100° C. for 4 hours.

Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH₄Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 8.43 g (8.69 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-9-IM1 (yield: 82%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 821.44 g/mol, measured value: M+1=821 g/mol)

(3) Synthesis of Compound Pt-9

5.34 g (5.50 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-9-IM1, 2.26 g (6.05 mmol) of Pt(COD)Cl₂, and 1.35 g (16.50 mmol) of sodium acetate were mixed with 275 mL of benzonitrile, followed by stirring at a temperature of 180° C. for 18 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 3.07 g (3.03 mmol) of Compound Pt-9 (yield: 55%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 1013.36 g/mol, measured value: M+1=1014 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 10 (Compound Pt-10)

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(1) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-10-IM2

5.46 g (20 mmol) of 1-(3-bromophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, 12.39 g (24 mmol) of 9-(4-(1,1-diphenylethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-phenyl-9H-carbazol-2-ol, 0.76 g (4 mmol) of copper (I) iodide, 0.98 g (8 mmol) of picolinic acid, and 12.7 g (60 mmol) of potassium phosphate tribasic were mixed with 133 mL of DMSO, followed by stirring at a temperature of 120° C. for 12 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH₄Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 7.08 g (10.00 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-10-IM2 (yield: 50%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 708.29 g/mol, measured value: M+1=709 g/mol)

(2) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-10-IM1

7.08 g (10.00 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-10-IM2, 8.76 g (15.00 mmol) of (3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)(mesityl)iodonium triflate, and 0.19 g (1.00 mmol) of copper (II) acetate were mixed with 100 mL of DMF, followed by stirring at a temperature of 100° C. for 4 hours.

Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH4Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 8.37 g (8.00 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-10-IM1 (yield: 80%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 897.45 g/mol, measured value: M+1=898 g/mol)

(3) Synthesis of Compound Pt-10

5.76 g (5.50 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-10-IM1, 2.26 g (6.05 mmol) of Pt(COD)Cl₂, and 1.35 g (16.50 mmol) of sodium acetate were mixed with 275 mL of benzonitrile, followed by stirring at a temperature of 180° C. for 18 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 3.06 g (2.81 mmol) of Compound Pt-10 (yield: 51%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 1089.40 g/mol, measured value: M+1=1090 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 11 (Compound Pt-13)

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(1) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-13-IM2

5.46 g (20 mmol) of 1-(3-bromophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, 10.42 g (24 mmol) of 9-(4-(tert-butyppyridin-2-yl)-6-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-2-ol, 0.76 g (4 mmol) of copper (I) iodide, 0.98 g (8 mmol) of picolinic acid, and 12.7 g (60 mmol) of potassium phosphate tribasic were mixed with 133 mL of DMSO, followed by stirring at a temperature of 120° C. for 12 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH₄Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 6.89 g (11.00 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-13-IM2 (yield: 55%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 626.31 g/mol, measured value: M+1=627 g/mol)

(2) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-13-IM1

6.89 g (11.00 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-13-IM2, 9.64 g (16.50 mmol) of (3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)(mesityl)iodonium triflate, and 0.20 g (1.10 mmol) of copper (II) acetate were mixed with 110 mL of DMF, followed by stirring at a temperature of 100° C. for 4 hours.

Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH₄Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 8.49 g (8.80 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-13-IM1 (yield: 80%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 815.47 g/mol, measured value: M+1=816 g/mol)

(3) Synthesis of Compound Pt-13

5.30 g (5.50 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-13-IM1, 2.26 g (6.05 mmol) of Pt(COD)Cl₂, and 1.35 g (16.50 mmol) of sodium acetate were mixed with 275 mL of benzonitrile, followed by stirring at a temperature of 180° C. for 18 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 2.83 g (2.81 mmol) of Compound Pt-13 (yield: 51%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 1007.41 g/mol, measured value: M+1=1008 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 12 (Compound Pt-17)

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(1) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-17-IM2

5.46 g (20 mmol) of 1-(3-bromophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, 10.42 g (24 mmol) of 9-(4-(2-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)propan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-2-ol, 0.76 g (4 mmol) of copper (I) iodide, 0.98 g (8 mmol) of picolinic acid, and 12.7 g (60 mmol) of potassium phosphate tribasic were mixed with 133 mL of DMSO, followed by stirring at a temperature of 120° C. for 12 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH₄Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 6.89 g (11.00 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-17-IM2 (yield: 55%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 626.31 g/mol, measured value: M+1=627 g/mol)

(2) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-17-IM1

6.89 g (11.00 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-17-IM2, 9.64 g (16.50 mmol) of (3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)(mesityl)iodonium triflate, and 0.20 g (1.10 mmol) of copper (II) acetate were mixed with 110 mL of DMF, followed by stirring at a temperature of 100° C. for 4 hours.

Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH₄Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 8.49 g (8.80 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-17-IM1 (yield: 80%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 815.47 g/mol, measured value: M+1=816 g/mol)

(3) Synthesis of Compound Pt-17

5.30 g (5.50 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-17-IM1, 2.26 g (6.05 mmol) of Pt(COD)Cl₂, and 1.35 g (16.50 mmol) of sodium acetate were mixed with 275 mL of benzonitrile, followed by stirring at a temperature of 180° C. for 18 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 2.94 g (2.92 mmol) of Compound Pt-17 (yield: 53%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 1007.41 g/mol, measured value: M+1=1008 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 13 (Compound Pt-18)

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(1) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-18-IM2

5.46 g (20 mmol) of 1-(3-bromophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, 11.78 g (24 mmol) of 9-(4-(2-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)propan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-2-ol, 0.76 g (4 mmol) of copper (I) iodide, 0.98 g (8 mmol) of picolinic acid, and 12.7 g (60 mmol) of potassium phosphate tribasic were mixed with 133 mL of DMSO, followed by stirring at a temperature of 120° C. for 12 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH₄Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 7.78 g (11.40 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-18-IM2 (yield: 57%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 682.37 g/mol, measured value: M+1=683 g/mol)

(2) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-18-IM1

7.78 g (11.40 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-18-IM2, 9.99 g (17.10 mmol) of (3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)(mesityl)iodonium triflate, and 0.21 g (1.14 mmol) of copper (II) acetate were mixed with 114 mL of DMF, followed by stirring at a temperature of 100° C. for 4 hours.

Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH₄Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO₄and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 9.66 g (9.46 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-18-IM1 (yield: 83%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 871.53 g/mol, measured value: M+1=872 g/mol)

(3) Synthesis of Compound Pt-18

5.62 g (5.50 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-18-IM1, 2.26 g (6.05 mmol) of Pt(COD)Cl₂, and 1.35 g (16.50 mmol) of sodium acetate were mixed with 275 mL of benzonitrile, followed by stirring at a temperature of 180° C. for 18 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 3.22 g (3.03 mmol) of Compound Pt-18 (yield: 55%).

LC-MS (calculated value: 1063.47 g/mol, measured value: M+1=1064 g/mol)

Evaluation Example 1: Evaluation of Photoluminescence (PL) Spectrum

Compound Pt-1 was diluted in toluene at a concentration of 10 millimole (mM), and a PL spectrum of Compound Pt-1 was measured by using an ISC PC1 spectrofluorometer, in which a xenon lamp is mounted. The same process was performed on Compound Pt-2 to Pt-6, Pt-9, Pt-10, Pt-13, Pt-17, and Pt-18. The maximum emission wavelength and FWHM of the compounds are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2

Maximum emission

wavelength
FWHM

Compound No.
(nm)
(nm)

Pt-1
460
21

Pt-2
460
22

Pt-3
465
27

Pt-4
461
21

Pt-5
460
19

Pt-6
465
26

Pt-9
462
22

Pt-10
462
21

Pt-13
461
21

Pt-17
460
21

Pt-18
460
21

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Referring to the results of Table 2, Compounds Pt-1 to Pt-6, Pt-9, Pt-10, Pt-13, Pt-17, and Pt-18 were found to emit blue light having a narrow FWHM.

Example 1

As a first electrode (an anode), a glass substrate having an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode deposited thereon at a thickness of 1,500 Å was washed with distilled water in the presence of ultrasound waves. Once the washing with distilled water was complete, ultrasound wave washing was performed on the substrate by using isopropyl alcohol, acetone, and methanol in this stated order. Subsequently, the substrate was dried, transferred to a plasma washer, washed for 5 minutes using oxygen plasma, and mounted in a vacuum deposition device.

Compound HT3 was vacuum-deposited on the ITO electrode of the glass substrate to form a first hole injection layer having a thickness of about 3500 Å, Compound HT-D1 was vacuum-deposited on the first hole injection layer to form a second hole injection layer having a thickness of about 300 Å, and TAPC was vacuum-deposited on the second hole injection layer to form an electron blocking layer having a thickness of about 100 Å, thereby forming a hole transport region.

Compound H52 and Compound Pt-1 (10 wt %) were co-deposited on the hole transport region to form an emission layer having a thickness of 300 Å.

Compound ET3 was vacuum-deposited on the emission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of about 250 Å, ET-D1 (Liq) was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of about 5 Å, and an Al second electrode (a cathode) was formed on the electron injection layer to have a thickness of about 1,000 Å, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

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Examples 1 and 6 and Comparative Examples A and B

Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Example 1, except that the compounds shown in Table 3 were used instead of Compound Pt-1 as a dopant in the formation of an emission layer.

Evaluation Example 2: Evaluation of Characteristics of Organic Light-Emitting Device

The maximum emission wavelength of the EL spectrum, the driving voltage, the external quantum luminescence efficiency, and lifespan (LT₉₅) of each of the organic light-emitting devices manufactured in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples A and B were evaluated. The results thereof are shown in Table 3. The lifespan (LT₉₅) indicates time (hour) for the luminance of each light-emitting device to decline to 95% of its initial luminance of 100%. EL spectra of the manufactured organic light-emitting devices at a luminance of 1,000 candelas per square meter (cd/m²) were measured by using a luminance meter (Minolta Cs-1000A). Then, the maximum emission wavelength was evaluated. A Keithley 2400 current voltmeter and a luminance meter (Minolta Cs-1000A) were used in evaluation of driving voltage and external quantum luminescence efficiency. In Table 3, the driving voltage, external quantum luminescence efficiency, and lifespan of the organic light-emitting devices manufactured in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Example B are shown in a relative value (%).

TABLE 3

External quantum

Driving
Luminescence efficiency

Maximum
voltage
(External quantum
Lifespan (LT₉₅)

Dopant
emission
(V)
efficiency (EQE)
(at 1,000 cd/m²)

Compound
wavelength
(relative
(at 1,000 cd/m²)
(relative

No.
(nm)
value, %)
(relative value, %)
value, %)

Example 1
Pt-1
460
93
120
159

Example 2
Pt-2
461
94
105
116

Example 3
Pt-3
466
95
124
236

Example 4
Pt-4
461
96
123
175

Example 5
Pt-5
460
94
122
188

Example 6
Pt-13
461
95
110
145

Comparative
A
461
100
100
100

Example A

Comparative
B
452
121
62
17

Example B

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Referring to Table 3, the organic light-emitting device of Examples 1 to 6 were found to have improved driving voltage, improved external quantum luminescence efficiency, and improved lifespan, as compared with the organic light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples A and B.

Example 7

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Example 1, except that CBP, Compound Pt-1, and Compound FD16 were co-deposited at a weight ratio of 88.5:10:1.5 to form an emission layer instead of Compound H52 and Compound Pt-1.

Comparative Example C

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that CBP and Compound FD16 were co-deposited at a weight ratio of 90:10 to form an emission layer instead of Compound H52 and Compound Pt-1.

Evaluation Example 3: Evaluation of Characteristics of Organic Light-Emitting Device

The maximum emission wavelength of the EL spectrum, driving voltage, external quantum luminescence efficiency, and lifespan (LT₉₅) of the organic light-emitting devices manufactured in Example 7 and Comparative Example C were evaluated in substantially the same manner as in Evaluation Example 2. The results are shown in Table 4. In Table 4, the driving voltage, external quantum luminescence efficiency, and lifespan of the organic light-emitting devices manufactured in Example 7 and Comparative Example C are shown in a relative value (%).

TABLE 4

External quantum

Maximum
Driving
luminescence
Lifespan (LT₉₅)

emission
voltage
efficiency (EQE)
(at 1,000 cd/m²)

Emission
wavelength
(relative
(at 1,000 cd/m²)
(relative

No.
layer
(nm)
value, %)
(relative value, %)
value, %)

Example 7
CBP:Pt-1:FD16
461
96
603
536

(88.5:10:1.5)

Comparative
CBP:FD16
462
100
100
100

Example C
(90:10)

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Referring to Table 4, the organic light-emitting device of Example 7 was found to have improved driving voltage, improved external quantum luminescence efficiency, and improved lifespan, as compared with the organic light-emitting device of Comparative Example C.

As the organometallic compound has excellent thermal stability and electrical characteristics, an electronic device, e.g., an organic light-emitting device including the organometallic compound may have improved driving voltage, improved external quantum efficiency, and improved lifespan characteristics and emit light having a relatively narrow FWHM.

It should be understood that embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims.

Number	Date	Country	Kind
10-2019-0154355	Nov 2019	KR	national
10-2020-0159546	Nov 2020	KR	national

ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUND, ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE INCLUDING ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUND AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS INCLUDING THE ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE

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