Patent Application
20190225636
This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2018-0008412, filed on Jan. 23, 2018, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, and all the benefits accruing therefrom under 35 U.S.C. § 119, the content of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
One or more embodiments relate to an organometallic compound, an organic light-emitting device including the organometallic compound, and a diagnostic composition including the organometallic compound.
Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are self-emission devices, which have improved characteristics in terms of a viewing angle, a response time, brightness, a driving voltage, and a response speed, and which produce full-color images.
In an example, an organic light-emitting device includes an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the organic layer includes an emission layer. A hole transport region may be disposed between the anode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region may be disposed between the emission layer and the cathode. Holes provided from the anode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons provided from the cathode may move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. The holes and the electrons recombine in the emission layer to produce excitons. These excitons transit from an excited state to a ground state, thereby generating light.
Meanwhile, luminescent compounds, for example, phosphorescent compounds may be used for monitoring, sensing, and detecting biological materials such as various cells and proteins.
Various types of organic light emitting devices are known. However, there still remains a need in OLEDs having low driving voltage, high efficiency, high brightness, and long lifespan.
Provided are an organometallic compound, an organic light-emitting device including the organometallic compound, and a diagnostic composition including the organometallic compound.
Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments.
According to an aspect of an embodiment, an organometallic compound is represented by Formula 1:
In Formula 1,
M may be beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), zirconium (Zr), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), rhenium (Re), platinum (Pt), or gold (Au),
X1 to X4, Y41, and Y42 may each independently be C or N,
Y43 and Y44 may each independently be C, N, O, S, or Si,
A1 to A3 may each independently be a chemical bond, O, S, B(R′), N(R′), P(R′), C(R′)(R″), Si(R′)(R″), Ge(R′)(R″), C(═O), B(R′)(R″), N(R′)(R″), or P(R′)(R″), wherein, when A1 is a chemical bond, X1 may be directly bonded to M; when A2 is a chemical bond, X2 may be directly bonded to M; and when A3 is a chemical bond, X3 may be directly bonded to M,
two selected from a bond between X1 or A1 and M, a bond between M and X2 or A2, a bond between X3 or A3 and M, and a bond between X4 and M are coordinate bonds, and the remaining two bonds are covalent bonds,
ring CY1 to ring CY3 and ring CY5 may each independently be a C5-C30 carbocyclic group or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group,
ring CY4 is a 5-membered ring, and three or more selected from X4, Y41, Y42, Y43, and Y44 of ring CY4 are each N,
ring CY5a is a 6-membered ring,
T1 is a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R6)—*′, *—B(R6)—*′, *—P(R6)—*′, *—C(R6)(R7)—*′, *—Si(R6)(R7)—*′, *—Ge(R6)(R7)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)2—*, —C(R6)=*′, *═C(R6)—*′, *—C(R6)═C(R7)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, or *—C≡C—*′,
T2 is a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R8)—*′, *—B(R8)—*′, *—P(R8)—*′, *—C(R8)(R9)—*′, *—Si(R8)(R9)—*′, *—Ge(R8)(R9)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)2—*, —C(R8)═*′, *═C(R8)—*′, *—C(R8)═C(R9)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, or *—C≡C—*′,
R1 to R9, R′, and R″ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C1o heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q1)(Q2), —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), and —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9),
a1 to a3 and a5 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 20,
a4 may be an integer from 0 to 2,
two of a plurality of neighboring groups R1 may optionally be linked to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, two of a plurality of neighboring groups R2 may optionally be linked to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
two of a plurality of neighboring groups R3 may optionally be linked to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
two of a plurality of neighboring groups R4 may optionally be linked to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
two of a plurality of neighboring groups R5 may optionally be linked to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
two of R1 to R9, R′, and R″ may optionally be linked to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a,
R10a is the same as described in connection with R1,
* and *″ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom,
at least one substituent of the substituted C1-C60 alkyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, the substituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C6-C60 aryl group, the substituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, the substituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, the substituted C6-C60 arylthio group, the substituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, the substituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from:
deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, and a C1-C60 alkoxy group;
a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, and a C1-C60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q11)(Q12), —Si(Q13)(Q14)(Q15), —B(Q16)(Q17) and —P(═O)(Q18)(Q19);
a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;
a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q21)(Q22), —Si(Q23)(Q24)(Q25), —B(Q26)(Q27), and —P(═O)(Q28)(Q29); and
—N(Q31)(Q32), —Si(Q33)(Q34)(Q35), —B(Q36)(Q37), and —P(═O)(Q38)(Q39),
wherein Q1 to Q9, Q11 to Q19, Q21 to Q29, and Q31 to Q39 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryl group substituted with at least one selected from a C1-C60 alkyl group and a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
According to another aspect of an embodiment, an organic light-emitting device includes:
a first electrode,
a second electrode, and
an organic layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode,
wherein the organic layer includes an emission layer and at least one organometallic compound described above.
The organometallic compound may be included in the emission layer. The organometallic compound in the emission layer may function as a dopant.
According to another aspect of an embodiment, a diagnostic composition includes at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.
These and/or other aspects will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein.
Accordingly, the embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, to explain aspects of the present description. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein.
Accordingly, the embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, to explain aspects of the present description. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” another element, it can be directly in contact with the other element or intervening elements may be present therebetween. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” another element, there are no intervening elements present.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or section from another element, component, region, layer, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings of the present embodiments.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The term “or” means “and/or.” It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” or “includes” and/or “including” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this general inventive concept belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross section illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments described herein should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions as illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a region illustrated or described as flat may, typically, have rough and/or nonlinear features. Moreover, sharp angles that are illustrated may be rounded. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are not intended to limit the scope of the present claims.
“About” or “approximately” as used herein is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±30%, 20%, 10%, 5% of the stated value.
In an embodiment, an organometallic compound is provided. The organometallic compound according to an embodiment is represented by Formula 1 below:
M in Formula 1 may be beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), zirconium (Zr), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), rhenium (Re), platinum (Pt), or gold (Au).
In an embodiment, M may be Pt, Pd, or Au, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
X1 to X4, Y41, and Y42 in Formula 1 may each independently be C or N, and Y43 and Y44 may each independently be C, N, O, S, or Si.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1,
i) X1 and X4 may each be N, and X2 and X3 may each be C; or
ii) X1 and X3 may each be C, and X2 and X4 may each be N, but X1, X3, X2, and X4 are not limited thereto.
A1 to A3 in Formula 1 may each independently be a chemical bond (for example, a coordinate bond, a covalent bond, or the like), O, S, B(R′), N(R′), P(R′), C(R′)(R″), Si(R′)(R″), Ge(R′)(R″), C(═O), B(R′)(R″), N(R′)(R″), or P(R′)(R″); when A1 is a chemical bond, X1 may directly bond to M; when A2 is a chemical bond, X2 may directly bond to M; and when A3 is a chemical bond, X3 may directly bond to M. R′ and R″ are the same as described above.
Regarding Formula 1, two bonds selected from a bond between X1 or A and M, a bond between X2 or A2 and M, a bond between X3 or A3 and M, and a bond between X4 and M may be coordinate bonds, and the remaining two bonds may be covalent bonds. Thus, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be electrically neutral.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1,
A1 to A3 may each be a chemical bond, and i) a bond between X1 and M and a bond between X4 and M may each be a coordinate bond, and a bond between X2 and M, and a bond between X3 and M may each be a covalent bond; or ii) a bond between X1 and M and a bond between X3 and M may each be a covalent bond, and a bond between X2 and M and a bond between X4 and M may each be a coordinate bond, but these bonds are not limited thereto.
Regarding Formula 1, ring CY1 to ring CY3 and ring CY5 may each independently be a C5-C30 carbocyclic group or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group, ring CY4 may be a 5-membered ring, and ring CY5a may be a 6-membered ring. Herein, three or more (for example, 3 or 4) of X4, Y41, Y42, Y43, and Y44 of ring CY4 may be N.
In one or more embodiments, the ring CY1 to ring CY3 and ring CY5 may each independently be selected from i) a first ring, ii) a second ring, iii) a condensed ring in which two or more first rings are condensed each other, iv) a condensed ring in which two or more second rings are condensed each other, and v) a condensed ring in which at least one first ring is condensed with at least one second ring, the first ring may be selected from a cyclopentane group, a cyclopentadiene group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a pyrrole group, a silole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, an isoxadiazole group, an oxatriazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, an isothiadiazole group, a thiatriazole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an azasilole group, a diazasilole group, and a triazasilole group, and the second ring may be selected from an adamantane group, a norbornane group, a norbornene group, a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, a benzene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, and a triazine group.
In one or more embodiments, ring CY1 to ring CY3 and ring CY5 may each independently be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, cyclopentadiene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a thiophene group, a furan group, an indole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzogermole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, a 9H-fluorene-9-one group, a dibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, an azaindole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzogermole group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, an aza-9H-fluorene-9-one group, an azadibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a pyrrole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzooxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, and a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group.
In one or more embodiments, regarding Formula 1,
ring CY1 may be selected from an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, an isozadiazole group, an oxatriazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, an isothiadiazole group, a thiatriazole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an azasilole group, a diazasilole group, a triazasilole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzthiazole group, a benzene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a carbazole group, or an azacarbazole group, and/or
ring CY2 may be a benzene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a carbazole group, or an azacarbazole group, and/or
ring CY3 and ring CY5 may each independently be a benzene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, or a triazine group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
In one or more embodiments, ring CY4 may be a triazole group or a tetrazole group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
In one or more embodiments, Y43 in Formula 1 may be N, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
T1 in Formula 1 may be a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R6)—*′, *—B(R6)—*′, *—P(R6)—*′, *—C(R6)(R7)—*′, *—Si(R6)(R7)—*′, *—Ge(R6)(R7)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)2—*′, *—C(R6)=*′, *═C(R6)—*′, *—C(R6)═C(R7)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, or *—C≡C—*′, T2 may be a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R8)—*′, *—B(R8)—*′, *—P(R8)—*′, *—C(R8)(R9)—*′, *—Si(R8)(R9)—*′, *—Ge(R8)(R9)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)2—*′, *—C(R8)═*′, *═C(R8)—*′, *—C(R8)═C(R9)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, or *—C≡C—*′. R6 to R9 are the same as described above. R6 and R7 may optionally be linked to each other via a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R8c)—*′, *—B(R8c)—*′, *—P(R8c)—*′, *—C(R8c)(R9c)—*′, *—Si(R8c)(R9c)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, or *—O—*′ to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, and R8 and R9 may optionally be linked to each other via a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R8c)—*′, *—B(R8c)—*′, *—P(R8c)—*′, *—C(R8c)(R9c)—*′, *—Si(R8c)(R9c)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, or *—O—*′ to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a. R8c and R9c are the same as described in connection with R8 and R9, respectively, the “C5-C30 carbocyclic group” and the “C1-C30 heterocyclic group” are the same as described in connection with ring CY1, and R10a is the same as described in connection with R1.
In an embodiment, T2 in Formula 1 may be *—N(R8)—*′, *—B(R8)—*′, *—P(R8)—*′, *—C(R8)(R9)—*′, *—Si(R8)(R9)—*′, *—Ge(R8)(R9)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)2—*′, *—C(R8)═*′, *═C(R8)—*′, or *—C(═S)—*′, and A1 to A3 may each be a chemical bond, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
R1 to R9, R′, and R″ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C0 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q1)(Q2), —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), and —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9).
In an embodiment, R1 to R9, R′, and R″ may each independently be selected from:
hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, —SF5, a C1-C20 alkyl group, and a C1-C20 alkoxy group;
a C1-C20 alkyl group and a C1-C20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cycloctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group;
a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cycloctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a C1-C20 alkyl phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group;
a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cycloctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a C1-C20 alkyl phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cycloctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a C1-C20 alkyl phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group; and
—N(Q1)(Q2), —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7) and —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9);
Q1 to Q9 may each independently be selected from:
—CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CH2CH3, —CH2CD3, —CH2CD2H, —CH2CDH2, —CHDCH3, —CHDCD2H, —CHDCDH2, —CHDCD3, —CD2CH3, —CD2CD3, —CD2CD2H, and —CD2CDH2;
an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an iso-pentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and
an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an iso-pentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a C1-C10 alkyl group, and a phenyl group.
In one or more embodiments, R1 to R9, R′, and R″ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a nitro group, —SF5, —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-19, and a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-227, but are not limited thereto:
Regarding Formulae 9-1 to 9-19 and 10-1 to 10-227, * indicates a binding site to neighboring atoms, Ph is a phenyl group, and TMS is a trimethylsilyl group.
Regarding Formula 1, a1 to a3 and a5 indicate the numbers of R1 to R3 and R5, respectively, and may each independently be an integer from 0 to 20 (for example, an integer from 0 to 7), and a4 indicates the number of R4 and may be an integer from 0 to 2. When a1 is two or more, two or more groups R1 may be identical to or different from each other, when a2 is two or more, two or more groups R2 may be identical to or different from each other, when a3 is two or more, two or more groups R3 may be identical to or different from each other, when a4 is two or more, two or more groups R4 may be identical to or different from each other, and when a5 is two or more, two or more groups R5 may be identical to or different from each other.
Regarding Formula 1, i) two of a plurality of neighboring groups R1 may optionally be linked to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, ii) two of a plurality of neighboring groups R2 may optionally be linked to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, iii) two of a plurality of neighboring groups R3 may optionally be linked to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, iv) two of a plurality of neighboring groups R4 may optionally be linked to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, v) two of a plurality of neighboring groups R5 may optionally be linked to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, vi) two selected from R1 to R9, R′, and R″ may optionally be linked to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a. The terms “C5-C30 carbocyclic group” and “C1-C30 heterocyclic group” as used herein are understood by referring to the description about ring CY1, and R10a is understood by referring to the description about R1.
* and *″ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.
In an embodiment, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may satisfy
a) one of Condition 1, Condition 2, and Condition 3;
b) one of Condition 4 and Condition 5; or
c) one of Condition 1, Condition 2, and Condition 3, and one of Condition 4 and Condition 5:
Condition 1
A1 and A2 may each be a chemical bond,
a moiety represented by
is represented by Formula A1-1,
T1 may be *—N(R6)—*′, *—B(R6)—*′, *—P(R6)—*′, *—C(R6)(R7)—*′, *—Si(R6)(R7)—*′, *Ge(R6)(R7)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)2—*′, *—C(R6)=*′, *═C(R6)—*′, *—C(R6)═C(R7)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, or *—C≡C—*′,
a moiety represented by
may be represented by Formula A2-1,
Condition 2
A1 and A2 may each be a chemical bond,
a moiety represented by
may be represented by Formula A1-2,
T1 may be a single bond,
a moiety represented by
may be represented by Formula A2-1,
Condition 3
A1 and A2 may each be a chemical bond,
a moiety represented by
may be represented by Formula A1-1,
T1 may be a single bond,
a moiety represented by
may be represented by Formula A2-3,
Condition 4
A2 and A3 may each be a chemical bond,
a moiety represented by
may be represented by Formula A2-1,
T2 may be *—N(R8)—*′, *—B(R8)—*′, *—P(R8)—*′, *—C(R8)(R9)—*′, *—Si(R8)(R9)—*′, *Ge(R8)(R9)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)2—*′, *—C(R8)=*′, *═C(R8)—*′, *—C(R8)═C(R9)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, or *—C≡C—*′,
Condition 5
A2 and A3 may each be a chemical bond,
a moiety represented by
is represented by Formula A2-2,
T2 may be a single bond,
In Formulae A1-1, A1-2, A2-1, A2-2, and A2-3,
X1, X2, ring CY1, ring CY2, R1, R2, a1, and a2 are the same as described above, Y1 to Y4 may each independently be C or N, a bond between X1 and Y1, a bond between X1 and Y2, a bond between Y1 and Y2, a bond between X2 and Y4, a bond between X2 and Y3, and a bond between Y3 and Y4 may each independently be a single bond or a double bond,
regarding Formulae A1-1 and A1-2, * indicates a binding site to A1 or M in Formula 1 and *′ indicates a binding site to T1 in Formula 1, and
regarding Formulae A2-1, A2-2, and A2-3, * indicates a binding site to A2 or M in Formula 1, *′ indicates a binding site to T1 in Formula 1, and *″ indicates a binding site to T2 in Formula 1.
Since the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 satisfies: a) one of Condition 1, Condition 2, and Condition 3; b) one of Condition 4 and Condition 5; or c) one of Condition 1, Condition 2, and Condition 3 and one of Condition 4 and Condition 5, a cyclometalated ring formed by M, ring CY1, and ring CY2 in Formula 1 and/or a cyclometalated ring formed by M, ring CY2, and ring CY3 in Formula 1 may constitute a 6-membered ring. Therefore, an angle formed by X1-M-X2 and/or an angle formed by X2-M-X3 in the organometallic compound may provide a metal complex structure having a small steric hindrance, thereby providing a planar tetracoordinate structure, which provides a structural stability to a material. Thus, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have excellent structural stability. Therefore, electronic devices, such as organic light-emitting devices, including the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have long lifespans.
In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, a moiety represented by
may be represented by one of Formulae A1-1(1) to A1-1(54) and A1-2(1) to A1-2(74):
Regarding Formulae A1-1(1) to A1-1(54) and A1-2(1) to A1-2(74),
X1 and R1 are the same as described in the present specification,
X1 may be O, S, N(R11), C(R11)(R12), or Si(R11)(R12),
X13 may be N or C(R13),
X14 may be N or C(R14),
R11 to R18 are the same as described in connection with R1,
a17 may be an integer from 0 to 7,
a16 may be an integer from 0 to 6,
a15 may be an integer from 0 to 5,
a14 may be an integer from 0 to 4,
a13 may be an integer from 0 to 3,
a12 may be an integer from 0 to 2,
* indicates a binding site to A1 or M in Formula 1, and
*′ indicates a binding site to T1 in Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, regarding Formula 1,
a moiety represented by may be represented by one of Formulae A2-1(1) to A2-1(17), A2-2(1) to A2-2(58), and A2-3(1) to A2-3(62):
In Formulae A2-1 (1) to A2-1 (17), A2-2(1) to A2-2(58), and A2-3(1) to A2-3(62),
X2 and R2 are the same as described above,
X21 may be O, S, N(R21), C(R21)(R22), or Si(R21)(R22),
X23 may be N or C(R23),
X24 may be N or C(R24),
R21 to R28 are the same as described in connection with R2,
a26 may be an integer from 0 to 6,
a25 may be an integer from 0 to 5,
a24 may be an integer from 0 to 4,
a23 may be an integer from 0 to 3,
a22 may be an integer from 0 to 2,
* indicates a binding site to A2 or M in Formula 1,
*′ indicates a binding site to T1 in Formula 1, and
*″ indicates a binding site to T2 in Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, regarding Formula 1, a moiety represented by
may be represented by one of Formulae A3-1(1) to A3-1(12):
In Formulae A3-1 (1) to A3-1(12),
X3 and R3 are the same as described above,
X31 may be O, S, N(R31), C(R31)(R32), or Si(R31)(R32),
R31 to R38 are the same as described in connection with R3,
a34 may be an integer from 0 to 4,
a33 may be an integer from 0 to 3,
a32 may be an integer from 0 to 2,
* indicates a binding site to A3 or M in Formula 1,
*″ indicates a binding site to T2 in Formula 1,
*′ indicates a binding site to Y41 in Formula 1, and
indicates a binding site to ring CY5 in Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, regarding Formula 1, a moiety represented by
may be represented by one of Formulae A4-1(1) to A4-1(12):
In Formulae A4-1 (1) to A4-1(12),
X4 and R4 are the same as described above,
* indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1,
*′ indicates a binding site to ring CY3 in Formula 1, and
*″ indicates a binding site to ring CY5 in Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, regarding Formula 1, a moiety represented by
may be represented by a group selected from Formulae A5-1(1) to A5-1(8):
In Formulae A5-1 (1) to A5-1(8),
R5 is the same as described above,
a55 may be an integer from 0 to 5,
a54 may be an integer from 0 to 4,
a53 may be an integer from 0 to 3,
indicates a binding site to ring CY3 in Formula 1, and
*″ indicates a binding site to Y42 in Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, regarding Formula 1,
a moiety represented by
may be represented by one of Formulae CY1-1 to CY1-59 (and/or),
a moiety represented by
may be represented by one of Formulae 0Y2-1 to 0Y2-34 (and/or),
a moiety represented by
may be represented by one of Formulae 0Y3-1 to 0Y3-6:
In Formulae CY1-1 to CY1-59, CY2-1 to CY2-34, and CY3-1 to CY3-6,
A3, X1 to X3, and R1 to R4 are the same as described above,
X11 may be O, S, N(R11), C(R11)(R12), or Si(R11)(R12),
R1a to R1d, R11, and R12 are the same as described in connection with R1,
R2a to R2c are the same as described in connection with R2,
Z31 may be N or C(R31), and Z32 may be N or C(R32),
R31 and R32 are the same as described in connection with R3,
Z51 may be N or C(R51), Z52 may be N or C(R52), Z53 may be N or C(R53), Z54 may be N or C(R54),
R51 to R54 are the same as described in connection with R5,
each of R1, R2, R1a to R1d, and R2a to R2c are not hydrogen,
regarding Formulae CY1-1 to CY1-59, * indicates a binding site to A1 or M in Formula 1, and *′ indicates a binding site to T1 in Formula 1,
regarding Formulae CY2-1 to CY2-34, * indicates a binding site to A2 or M in Formula 1, *′ indicates a binding site to T1 in Formula 1, and *″ indicates a binding site to T2 in Formula 1, and
regarding Formulae CY3-1 to CY3-6, two * each indicate a binding site to M in Formula 1, and *″ indicates a binding site to T2 in Formula 1.
In one or more embodiments, the organometallic compound may be represented by Formula 1-1 or 1-2:
In Formulae 1-1 and 1-2,
M, X1 to X4, Y41 to Y44, A3, ring CY1 to CY5, ring CY5a, R1 to R5, and a1 to a5 are the same as described above,
T2 may be *—N(R8)—*′, *—B(R8)—*′, *—P(R8)—*′, *—C(R8)(R9)—*′, *—Si(R8)(R9)—*′, *Ge(R8)(R9)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)2—*, *—C(R8)═*, *═C(R8)—*′, or *—C(═S)—*′, and R8 and R9 are the same as described above, Y2 to Y4 may each independently be C or N,
a bond between X2 and Y3, a bond between X2 and Y4, and a bond between X1 and Y2 may each independently be single bond or a double bond,
Z11 may be N or C(R11), Z12 may be N or C(R12), Z13 may be N or C(R13), Z14 may be N or C(R14), Z15 may be N or C(R15), Z16 may be N or C(R16), Z17 may be N or C(R17), Z21 may be N or C(R21), Z22 may be N or C(R22), Z23 may be N or C(R23), Z24 may be N or C(R24), Z25 may be N or C(R25), Z26 may be N or C(R26),
R11 to R17 are the same as described in connection with R1, and
R21 to R26 are the same as described in connection with R2.
In one or more embodiments, the organometallic compound may be represented by Formula 1-1(1) or 1-2(1):
In Formulae 1-1(1) and 1-2(1),
M, X1 to X4, Y41 to Y44, A3, ring CY3 to CY5, ring CY5a, R3 to R5, and a3 to a5 are the same as described above,
T2 may be *—N(R8)—*′, *—B(R8)—*′, *—P(R8)—*′, *—C(R8)(R9)—*′, *—Si(R8)(R9)—*′, *Ge(R8)(R9)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)2—*′, *—C(R8)═*′, *═C(R8)—*′, or *—C(═S)—*′, and R8 and R9 are the same as described above,
Z11 may be N or C(R11), Z12 may be N or C(R12), Z13 may be N or C(R13), Z14 may be N or C(R14), Z15 may be N or C(R15), Z16 may be N or C(R16), Z17 may be N or C(R17), Z21 may be N or C(R21), Z22 may be N or C(R22), Z23 may be N or C(R23), Z24 may be N or C(R24), Z25 may be N or C(R25), Z26 may be N or C(R26),
R11 to R17 are the same as described in connection with R1, and
R21 to R26 are the same as described in connection with R2,
A11 may be *—N(R8a)—*′, *—B(R8a)—*′, *—P(R8a)—*′, *—C(R8a)(R9a)—*′, *—Si(R8a)(R9a)—*′, *—Ge(R8a)(R9a)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)2—*′, *—C(R8a)═*′, *═C(R8a)—*′, *—C(R8a)═C(R9a)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, or *—C≡C—*′, and R8a and R9a are the same as described in connection with R8 and R9.
In one or more embodiments, the organometallic compound may be represented by Formulae 1A:
wherein, in Formula 1A,
M, X1 to X4, Y41 to Y44, A1 to A3, ring CY1 to CY5, ring CY5a, T2, R1 to R5, and a1 to a5 are the same as described above,
T3 may be C, Si, or Ge,
ring CY6 and ring CY7 are the same as described in connection with ring CY1,
R6a, R6b, R7a, and R7b may be the same as described in connection with R1,
A12 may be a single bond, *—N(R8b)—*′, *—B(R8b)—*′, *—P(R8b)—*′, *—C(R8b)(R9b)—*′, *—Si(R8b)(R9b)—*′, *—Ge(R8b)(R9b)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)2—*′, *—C(R8b)=*′, *═C(R8b)—*′, *—C(R8b)═C(R9b)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, or *—C≡C—*′, and R8b and R9b are respectively, the same as described in connection with R8 and R9.
The terms “an azaindole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzogermole group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, an aza-9H-fluorene-9-one group, and an azadibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group” as used herein respectively mean a heterocycle having a backbone of “an indole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzogermole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, a 9H-fluorene-9-one group, and a dibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group”, in which at least one of carbon forming a ring is substituted with nitrogen.
In one or more embodiments, the organometallic compound may be one of Compounds 1 to 196:
A peak of the photoluminescence spectrum of the organometallic compound in a solution (for example, toluene) may have a maximum emission wavelength (also referred to as peak emission wavelength) from about 420 nanometers (nm) to about 500 nm, for example, from about 440 nm to about 470 nm (for example, from about 455 nm to about 465 nm), and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) from about 30 nm to about 80 nm, for example, about 30 nm to about 60 nm (for example, about 30 nm to about 45 nm). Accordingly, the organometallic compound may emit blue light with excellent color purity.
Three or more of X4, Y41, Y42, Y43, and Y44 of ring CY4 in Formula 1 may each be N. For example, ring CY4 may be a triazole group or a tetrazole group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Thus, distortion in a molecular structure of the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 in an excited state may be minimized, leading to emission of light having a peak with a relatively narrow FWHM. Accordingly, non-radiative decay is minimized and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) may be obtained. The organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have a relatively high T1 energy level (for example, from about 2.69 eV to about 2.80 eV). Accordingly, an electronic device including the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, for example, an organic light-emitting device including the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may effectively emit light having high emission efficiency and high color purity (for example, deep blue light).
Formula 1 has ring CY5a as defined herein. ring CY5a is a ring formed by connecting rings CY3 to CY5 one another, and due to the inclusion of ring CY5a, the organometallic compound represented by the Formula 1 may have a strong molecular structure having stability against charges and heat. Therefore, electronic devices, such as organic light-emitting devices, including the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have long lifespans.
M in Formula 1 may be beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), zirconium (Zr), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), rhenium (Re), platinum (Pt), or gold (Au) (for example, Pt, Pd or Au), and the organometallic compound of Formula 1 may have a tetradentate ligand. Accordingly, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have a square-planar coordination structure and a high radiative decay rate. Thus, an electronic device including the organometallic compound, for example, an organic light-emitting device including the organometallic compound may effectively emit blue light having high emission efficiency and high color purity.
For example, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and triplet (T1) energy levels of some of the compounds described above were evaluated by using a DFT method of Gaussian program (structurally optimized at a level of B3LYP, 6-31G(d,p)). Evaluation results are shown in Table 1 below.
From Table 1, it was confirmed that the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 has a higher T1 energy level than Compounds A and B. Accordingly, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have electrical characteristics that are suitable for an electronic device, for example, a dopant of an organic light-emitting device.
Synthesis methods of the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be recognizable by one of ordinary skill in the art by referring to Synthesis Examples provided below.
The organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 is suitable for use in an organic layer of an organic light-emitting device, for example, for use as a dopant in an emission layer of the organic layer. Thus, another aspect provides an organic light-emitting device that includes: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer that is located between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer includes an emission layer and at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.
The organic light-emitting device may have, due to the inclusion of an organic layer including the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, a low driving voltage, high efficiency, high power, high quantum efficiency, a long lifespan and/or a low roll-off ratio, and excellent color purity.
The organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be used between a pair of electrodes of an organic light-emitting device. For example, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be included in the emission layer. In this regard, the organometallic compound may act as a dopant, and the emission layer may further include a host (that is, an amount of the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 is smaller than an amount of the host).
In an embodiment, light emitted by an emission layer of an organic light-emitting device in which the emission layer includes the organometallic compound is blue light, the CIE y coordinate of the blue light may be in a range of about 0.10 to about 0.340, for example, about 0.120 to about 0.280. Accordingly, an organic light-emitting device that emits high-quality blue light may be realized.
The expression “(an organic layer) includes at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1” as used herein may include an embodiment in which “(an organic layer) includes identical organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1” and an embodiment in which “(an organic layer) includes two or more different organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1.”
For example, the organic layer may include only Compound 1 as the organometallic compound. In this regard, Compound 1 may be included only in the emission layer of the organic light-emitting device. In one or more embodiments, the organic layer may include, as the organometallic compound, Compound 1 and Compound 2. In this regard, Compound 1 and Compound 2 may be included in an identical layer (for example, Compound 1 and Compound 2 may all be included in an emission layer).
The first electrode may be an anode, which is a hole injection electrode, and the second electrode may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode; or the first electrode may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode, and the second electrode may be an anode, which is a hole injection electrode.
In an embodiment, in the organic light-emitting device, the first electrode is an anode, and the second electrode is a cathode, and the organic layer further includes a hole transport region located between the first electrode and the emission layer and an electron transport region located between the emission layer and the second electrode, wherein the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a buffer layer, or any combination thereof, and wherein the electron transport region includes a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.
The term “organic layer” as used herein refers to a single layer and/or a plurality of layers located between the first electrode and the second electrode of the organic light-emitting device. The “organic layer” may include, in addition to an organic compound, an organometallic complex including metal.
A substrate may be additionally located under the first electrode 11 or above the second electrode 19. For use as the substrate, any substrate that is used in general organic light-emitting devices may be used, and the substrate may be a glass substrate or a transparent plastic substrate, each having excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and water resistance.
In one or more embodiments, the first electrode 11 may be formed by depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode11 on the substrate. The first electrode 11 may be an anode. The material for forming the first electrode 11 may be selected from materials with a high work function to facilitate hole injection. The first electrode 11 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. The material for forming the first electrode 11 may be indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), or zinc oxide (ZnO). In one or more embodiments, the material for forming the first electrode 11 may be metal, such as magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (A1-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), or magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag).
The first electrode 11 may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers. For example, the first electrode 11 may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO, but the structure of the first electrode 11 is not limited thereto.
The organic layer 15 is located on the first electrode 11.
The organic layer 15 may include a hole transport region, an emission layer, and an electron transport region.
The hole transport region may be located between the first electrode 11 and the emission layer.
The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a buffer layer, or any combination thereof.
The hole transport region may include only either a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer. In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region may have a hole injection layer/hole transport layer structure or a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/electron blocking layer structure, which are sequentially stacked in this stated order from the first electrode 11.
When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer (HIL), the hole injection layer may be formed on the first electrode 11 by using one or more suitable methods, for example, vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, and/or Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition.
When a hole injection layer is formed by vacuum deposition, the deposition conditions may vary according to a material that is used to form the hole injection layer, and the structure and thermal characteristics of the hole injection layer. For example, the deposition conditions may include a deposition temperature of about 100 to about 500° C., a vacuum pressure of about 10−8 torr to about 10−3 torr, and a deposition rate of about 0.01 Angstroms per second (Å/sec) to about 100 Å/sec. However, the deposition conditions are not limited thereto.
When the hole injection layer is formed using spin coating, coating conditions may vary according to the material used to form the hole injection layer, and the structure and thermal properties of the hole injection layer. For example, a coating speed may be from about 2,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) to about 5,000 rpm, and a temperature at which a heat treatment is performed to remove a solvent after coating may be from about 80° C. to about 200° C. However, the coating conditions are not limited thereto.
Conditions for forming a hole transport layer and an electron blocking layer may be understood by referring to conditions for forming the hole injection layer.
The hole transport region may include at least one selected from m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB, R3-NPB, TPD, Spiro-TPD, Spiro-NPB, methylated-NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (PANI/DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (PANI/CSA), polyaniline/poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compound represented by Formula 201 below, and a compound represented by Formula 202 below:
Ar101 and Ar102 in Formula 201 may each independently be selected from:
a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, and a pentacenylene group; and
a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, and a pentacenylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
xa and xb in Formula 201 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 5, or 0, 1 or 2. For example, xa may be 1 and xb may be 0, but xa and xb are not limited thereto.
R101 to R108, R111 to R119, and R121 to R124 in Formulae 201 and 202 may each independently be selected from:
hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C10 alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, and so on), or a C1-C10 alkoxy group (for example, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, and so on);
a C1-C10 alkyl group or a C1-C10 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, and a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof;
a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluorenyl group, or a pyrenyl group; or
a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluorenyl group, and a pyrenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C10 alkyl group, and a C1-C10 alkoxy group;
but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
R109 in Formula 201 may be selected from:
a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, and a pyridinyl group; and
a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, and a pyridinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, and a pyridinyl group.
According to an embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A below, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:
R101, R111, R112, and R109 in Formula 201A are the same as described above.
For example, the compound represented by Formula 201, and the compound represented by Formula 202 may include compounds HT1 to HT20 illustrated below, but are not limited thereto:
A thickness of the hole transport region may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. When the hole transport region includes at least one of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, a thickness of the hole injection layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and a thickness of the hole transport layer may be in a range of about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, for example about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is understood that when the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer are within these ranges, satisfactory hole transporting characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
The hole transport region may further include, in addition to these materials, a charge-generation material for the improvement of conductive properties. The charge-generation material may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transport region.
The charge-generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may be one selected from a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Non-limiting examples of the p-dopant are a quinone derivative, such as tetracyanoquinonedimethane (TCNQ) or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinonedimethane (F4-TCNQ); a metal oxide, such as a tungsten oxide or a molybdenium oxide; and a cyano group-containing compound, such as Compound HT-D1 below, but are not limited thereto.
The hole transport region may include a buffer layer.
Also, the buffer layer may compensate for an optical resonance distance according to a wavelength of light emitted from the emission layer, and thus, efficiency of a formed organic light-emitting device may be improved.
Then, an emission layer (EML) may be formed on the hole transport region by vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, LB deposition, or the like. When the emission layer is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, the deposition or coating conditions may be similar to those applied in forming the hole injection layer although the deposition or coating conditions may vary according to a material that is used to form the emission layer.
Meanwhile, when the hole transport region includes an electron blocking layer, a material for the electron blocking layer may be selected from materials for the hole transport region described above and materials for a host to be explained later. However, the material for the electron blocking layer is not limited thereto. For example, when the hole transport region includes an electron blocking layer, a material for the electron blocking layer may be mCP, which will be explained later.
The emission layer may include a host and a dopant, and the dopant may include the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.
The host may include at least one selected from TPBi, TBADN, ADN (also referred to as “DNA”), CBP, CDBP, TCP, mCP, Compound H50, Compound H51 and Compound H52:
In one or more embodiments, the host may further include a compound represented by Formula 301 below.
Ar111 and Ar112 in Formula 301 may each independently be selected from:
a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, and a pyrenylene group; and
a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, and a pyrenylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthracenyl group.
Ar113 to Ar116 in Formula 301 may each independently be selected from:
a C1-C10 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, and a pyrenyl group; and
a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, and a pyrenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthracenyl group.
g, h, i, and j in Formula 301 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 4, and may be, for example, 0, 1, or 2.
Ar113 and Ar116 in Formula 301 may each independently be selected from
a C1-C10 alkyl group, substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthracenyl group;
a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl, a phenanthrenyl group, and a fluorenyl group;
a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, and a fluorenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, and a fluorenyl group; and
but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
In one or more embodiments, the host may include a compound represented by Formula 302 below:
Ar122 to Ar125 in Formula 302 are the same as described in detail in connection with Ar113 in Formula 301.
Ar126 and Ar127 in Formula 302 may each independently be a C1-C10 alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group).
k and l in Formula 302 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 4. For example, k and l may be 0, 1, or 2.
When the organic light-emitting device is a full-color organic light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer. In one or more embodiments, due to a stacked structure including a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and/or a blue emission layer, the emission layer may emit white light.
When the emission layer includes a host and a dopant, an amount of the dopant may be in a range of about 0.01 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the host, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
A thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is understood that when the thickness of the emission layer is within this range, excellent light-emission characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
Then, an electron transport region may be located on the emission layer.
The electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.
For example, the electron transport region may have a hole blocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure or an electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, but the structure of the electron transport region is not limited thereto. The electron transport layer may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including two or more different materials.
Conditions for forming the hole blocking layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron injection layer which constitute the electron transport region may be understood by referring to the conditions for forming the hole injection layer.
When the electron transport region includes a hole blocking layer, the hole blocking layer may include, for example, at least one of BCP, BPhen, and BAIq but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
A thickness of the hole blocking layer may be in a range of about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 30 Å to about 300 Å. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is understood that when the thickness of the hole blocking layer is within these ranges, the hole blocking layer may have excellent hole blocking characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
The electron transport layer may further include at least one selected from BCP, BPhen, Alq3, BAIq, TAZ, and NTAZ.
In one or more embodiments, the electron transport layer may include at least one of ET1 to ET25, but are not limited thereto:
A thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is understood that when the thickness of the electron transport layer is within the range described above, the electron transport layer may have satisfactory electron transport characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
Also, the electron transport layer may further include, in addition to the materials described above, a metal-containing material.
The metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (lithium 8-hydroxyquinolate, LiQ) or ET-D2.
The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer (EIL) that promotes flow of electrons from the second electrode 19 thereinto.
The electron injection layer may include at least one selected from LiF, NaCl, CsF, Li2O, and BaO.
A thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1 Å to about 100 Å, and, for example, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is understood that when a thickness of the electron injection layer is within these ranges, satisfactory electron injection characteristics may be obtained without substantial increase in driving voltage.
The second electrode 19 is located on the organic layer 15. The second electrode 19 may be a cathode. A material for forming the second electrode 19 may be metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a combination thereof, which have a relatively low work function. For example, lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), or magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag) may be formed as the material for forming the second electrode 19. To manufacture a top-emission type light-emitting device, a transmissive electrode formed using ITO or IZO may be used as the second electrode 19.
Hereinbefore, an organic light-emitting device has been described in connection with
Another aspect provides a diagnostic composition including at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.
The organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 provides high luminescent efficiency. Accordingly, a diagnostic composition including the organometallic compound may have high diagnostic efficiency.
The diagnostic composition may be used in various applications including a diagnosis kit, a diagnosis reagent, a biosensor, and a biomarker.
The term “C1-C60 alkyl group” as used herein refers to a linear or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group. A C1-C60 alkylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as that of the C1-C60 alkyl group.
The term “C1-C60 alkoxy group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by —OA101 (wherein A101 is the C1-C60 alkyl group), and examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an iso-propyloxy group.
The term “C2-C60 alkenyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by including at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C2-C60 alkyl group, and examples thereof include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. A C2-C60 alkenylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as that of the C2-C60 alkenyl group.
The term “C2-C60 alkynyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by including at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C2-C60 alkyl group, and examples thereof include an ethynyl group, and a propynyl group. The term “C2-C60 alkynylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as that of the C2-C60 alkynyl group.
The term “C3-C10 cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. A C3-C10 cycloalkylene group as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as that of the C3-C10 cycloalkyl group.
The term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a tetrahydrofuranyl group, and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. The term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group.
The term “C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the ring thereof and no aromaticity, and non-limiting examples thereof include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. The term “C3-C10 cycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group.
The term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one double bond in its ring. Examples of the C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group are a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group, and a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group. The term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group.
The term “C6-C60 aryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and the term “C6-C60 arylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C6-C60 aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C6-C60 aryl group and the C6-C60 arylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.
The term “C1-C60 heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a heteroaromatic system that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C1-C60 heteroarylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a heteroaromatic system that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C1-C60 heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C1-C60 heteroaryl group and the C1-C60 heteroarylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.
The term “C6-C60 aryloxy group” as used herein indicates —OA102 (wherein A102 is the C6-C60 aryl group), the term “C6-C60 arylthio group” as used herein indicates —SA103 (wherein A103 is the C6-C60 aryl group), and the term “C7-C60 arylalkyl group” as used herein indicates -A104A105 (wherein A105 is the C6-C59 aryl group and A104 is the C1-C53 alkylene group).
The term “C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group” as used herein refers to —OA106 (wherein A106 is the C2-C60 heteroaryl group), the term “C1-C60 heteroarylthio group” as used herein indicates —SA107 (wherein A107 is the C1-C60 heteroaryl group), and the term “C2-C60 heteroarylalkyl group” as used herein refers to -A108A109 (A109 is a C1-C59 heteroaryl group, and A108 is a C1-C59 alkylene group).
The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 8 to 60 carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed to each other, only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group include a fluorenyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.
The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 2 to 60 carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed to each other, a heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, and S, other than carbon atoms, as a ring-forming atom, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. Non-limiting examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group include a carbazolyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
The term “C5-C30 carbocyclic group” as used herein refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group having, as a ring-forming atom, 5 to 30 carbon atoms only. The C5-C30 carbocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group.
The term “C1-C30 heterocyclic group” as used herein refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group having, as a ring-forming atom, at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S other than 1 to 30 carbon atoms. The C1-C30 heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group.
At least one substituent of the substituted C1-C60 alkyl group, substituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, substituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, substituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, substituted C1-C60 heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted C6-C60 aryl group, substituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, substituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, substituted C6-C60 arylthio group, substituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, substituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, substituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, substituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, substituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, substituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is selected from:
deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, and a C1-C60 alkoxy group;
a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, and a C1-C60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q11)(Q12), —Si(Q13)(Q14)(Q15), —B(Q16)(Q17), and —P(═O)(Q18)(Q19);
a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10o heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;
a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q21)(Q22), —Si(Q23)(Q24)(Q25), —B(Q26)(Q27), and —P(═O)(Q28)(Q29); and
—N(Q31)(Q32), —Si(Q33)(Q34)(Q35), —B(Q36)(Q37), and —P(═O)(Q38)(Q39);
wherein Q1 to Q9, Q11 to Q19, Q21 to Q29, and Q31 to Q39 are each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryl group substituted with at least one selected from a C1-C60 alkyl group, and a C6-C60 aryl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
Hereinafter, a compound and an organic light-emitting device according to embodiments are described in detail with reference to Synthesis Example and Examples. However, the organic light-emitting device is not limited thereto. The wording “B was used instead of A” used in describing Synthesis Examples means that an amount of A used was identical to an amount of B used, in terms of a molar equivalent.
40.6 millimoles (mmol) (10 grams, g) of 2-bromo-9H-carbazole, 61.0 mmol (9.6 g) of 2-bromopyridine, 20.3 mmol (3.9 g) of CuI, and 60.1 mmol (12.9 g) of K3PO4 were mixed with 150 milliliters (ml) of 1,4-dioxane, and the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 120° C. for 12 hours. The obtained reaction product was cooled, and the organic layer was extracted therefrom by using a mixture including ethyl acetate and water. The reaction product was washed three times with water, dried by using magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was removed therefrom under reduced pressure. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: dichloromethane and hexane) to obtain Intermediate 2-2 (yield: 83%).
MALDI-TOF (m/z): 323.02 [M]+
21.7 mmol (7 g) of Intermediate 2-2, 21.7 mmol of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-f]phenanthridin-11-ol, 4.4 mmol (0.8 g) of CuI, 43.4 mmol (6.0 g) of K2CO3, and 21.7 mmol (1.8 g) of 1-methyl imidazole were added to 110 mL of dimethylformamide, and the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 130° C. for 48 hours. The obtained reaction mixture was cooled. The organic layer was extracted therefrom by using a mixture including ethyl acetate and water. The reaction product was washed three times with water, dried by using magnesium sulfate, and subjected to silica gel column chromatography (eluent: dichloromethane and hexane), thereby obtaining Intermediate 2-1 (yield: 29%).
MALDI-TOF (m/z): 478.16 [M]+
2.1 mmol (1.0 g) of PtCl2(NCPh)2 and 2.1 mmol (1.0 g) of Intermediate 2-1 were mixed with 100 mL of benzonitrile, and the mixture was stirred in a nitrogen atmosphere for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the solvent was completely removed therefrom. The obtained solid was dried and subjected to silica gel column chromatography (eluent: dichloromethane and hexane) to obtain Compound 2 (yield: 25%).
MALDI-TOF (m/z): 671.11 [M]+
61.0 mmol (15 g) of 2-bromo-9H-carbazole, 91.4 mmol (19.6 g) of 2-bromo-4-(tert-butyl)pyridine, 30.5 mmol (5.8 g) of CuI, 91.4 mmol (19.4 g) of K3PO4, and 61.0 mmol (7.0 g) of 1,2-diaminocyclohexane were mixed with 225 mL of 1,4-dioxane, and the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 120° C. for 12 hours. The obtained reaction product was cooled, and the organic layer was extracted therefrom by using a mixture including ethyl acetate and water. The reaction product was washed three times with water, dried by using magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was removed therefrom under reduced pressure. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: dichloromethane and hexane) to obtain Intermediate 3-2 (yield: 68%).
MALDI-TOF (m/z): 379.07 [M]+
Intermediate 3-1 (yield of 28%) was obtained in the same manner as Intermediate 2-1 of Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 3-2 was used instead of Intermediate 2-2.
MALDI-TOF (m/z): 534.22 [M]+
Compound 3 (yield of 34%) was obtained in the same manner as Compound 2 of Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 3-1 was used instead of Intermediate 2-1.
MALDI-TOF (m/z): 727.16 [M]+
Intermediate 4-2 was obtained in the same manner as Intermediate 2-2 of Synthesis Example 1, except that Compound 4-3 was used instead of 2-bromo-9H-carbazole, as a starting material.
Intermediate 4-1 was obtained in the same manner as Intermediate 2-1 of Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 4-2 was used instead of Intermediate 2-2.
Compound 4 (yield of 34%) was obtained in the same manner as Compound 2 of Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 4-1 was used instead of Intermediate 2-1.
MALDI-TOF (m/z): 775.17 [M]+
5.9 mmol (2.8 g) of Intermediate 2-1, 6.4 mmol (1.4 g) of 1-iodotoluene, 5.9 mmol (1.1 g) of CuI, 11.7 mmol (1.2 g) of Na2CO3, and 1.2 mmol (0.3 g) of triphenylphosphine were mixed with 30 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide, and the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 160° C. for 12 hours. The obtained reaction product was cooled, and the organic layer was extracted therefrom by using a mixture including ethyl acetate and water. The reaction product was washed three times with water, dried by using magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was removed therefrom under reduced pressure. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: ethylacetate and hexane) to obtain Intermediate 17-1 (yield: 30%).
MALDI-TOF (m/z): 568.20 [M]+
Compound 17 (yield of 47%) was obtained in the same manner as Compound 2 of Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 17-1 was used instead of Intermediate 2-1.
MALDI-TOF (m/z): 761.16 [M]+
The T1 energy levels of compounds were evaluated according to the method shown in Table 2 below, and the results are summarized in Table 3.
From Table 3, it is seen that Compounds 2, 3, 4 and 17 each have a T1 energy level that is higher than that of Compound A.
Compound 2 was diluted in toluene to obtain the concentration of 10 mM, and then, PL spectrum thereof was measured at room temperature by using a Xenon lamp-mounted ISC PC1 Spectrofluorometer. The same experiment was performed on each of Compounds 3, 4, and 17. Results thereof are shown in Table 4. The PL spectra of Compounds 3 and 17 are shown in
From Table 4, it is seen that Compounds 2, 3, 4, and 17 emit deep blue light with a small FWHM.
8 weight % PMMA in CH2Cl2 solution was mixed with a mixture including CBP and Compound 3 (Compound 3 in an amount of 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the mixture), and the result was coated on a quartz substrate by using a spin coater, and then, heat treated in an oven at a temperature of 80° C., and cooled to room temperature, thereby obtaining a film.
The photoluminescence quantum yields in the film was evaluated by using a Hamamatsu Photonics absolute PL quantum yield measurement system equipped with a xenon light source, a monochromator, a photonic multichannel analyzer, and an integrating sphere, and using a PLQY measurement software (Hamamatsu Photonics, Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan). By doing so, the PLQY in the film of Compound 3 was confirmed.
The same experiment was performed by using Compound 17 to confirm the PLQY in the films of Compound 3 and 17. Results thereof are summarized in Table 5 below.
From Table 5, it is seen that Compounds 3 and 17 each have a high PLQY value.
A glass substrate with a 1,500 Å-thick ITO (Indium tin oxide) electrode (first electrode, anode) formed thereon was washed with distilled water and ultrasonic waves. When the washing with distilled water was completed, sonification washing was performed using iso-propyl alcohol, acetone, and methanol, which were separately used sequentially. The resultant was dried and transferred to a plasma washer. The resulting substrate was washed with oxygen plasma for 5 minutes and transferred to a vacuum depositing device.
Compound HT3 was vacuum deposited on the ITO electrode on the glass substrate to form a first hole injection layer having a thickness of 3,500 Å, Compound HT-D1 was vacuum deposited on the first hole injection layer to form a second hole injection layer having a thickness of 300 Å, and TAPC was vacuum deposited on the second hole injection layer to form an electron blocking layer having a thickness of 100 Å, thereby completing the formation of a hole transport region.
On the hole transport region, Compound H52 and Compound 17 (dopant, 10 weight % based on total weight of Compound H52 and Compound 17) were co-deposited to form an emission layer having a thickness of 300 Å.
Thereafter, Compound ET3 was vacuum-deposited on the emission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 250 Å, ET-D1 (LiQ) was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 5 Å, and an Al second electrode (cathode) having a thickness of 1,000 Å was formed on the electron injection layer, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.
An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in forming an emission layer, as a dopant, Compound A was used instead of Compound 17.
The EL spectra, CIE color coordinates, driving voltage, maximum external quantum luminescence efficiency, current efficiency and conversion efficiency of each of the organic light-emitting devices manufactured according to Example 1 and Comparative Example A were evaluated. Details of the evaluation method are provided below, and results thereof are shown in Table 6.
(1) EL Spectra Measurement
The EL spectra of the organic light-emitting devices were measured at a luminance of 500 candelas per square meter (cd/m2) by using a luminance meter (Minolta Cs-1000A), and the obtained result was evaluated in terms of maximum emission wavelength and FWHM.
(2) Measurement of Change in Current Density with Respect to Voltage
Regarding the manufactured organic light-emitting devices, a current flowing in an organic light-emitting device was measured by using a current-voltage meter during a voltage was raised from 0 volts (V) to 10 V, and the measured current value was divided by an area
(3) Measurement of Change in Luminance with Respect to Voltage
Regarding the manufactured organic light-emitting devices, luminance was measured by using Minolta Cs-1,000 A during a voltage was raised from 0 V to 10 V.
(4) Conversion Efficiency Measurement
Current efficiency (candelas per ampere, cd/A) was measured at the same current density (10 milliamperes per square centimeter, mA/cm2) by using luminance, current density, and voltage measured according to (2) and (3). Next, the current efficiency was divided by y value of the CIE color coordinates measured in (6) to obtain conversion efficiency.
(5) Measurement of External Quantum Efficiency
This evaluation was performed by using a current-voltmeter (Keithley 2400) and a luminance meter (Minolta Cs-1000A).
From Table 6,
Organometallic compounds according to the present disclosure has excellent electrical and/or thermal stability, and thus, when used in an organic light-emitting device, it may provide improved characteristics in terms of driving voltage, luminous efficiency, external quantum efficiency, conversion efficiency, and a lifespan. Such organometallic compounds have excellent phosphorescent luminescent characteristics, and thus, when used, a diagnostic composition having a high diagnostic efficiency may be provided.
It should be understood that embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments.
While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present description as defined by the following claims
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2018-0008412 | Jan 2018 | KR | national |
